Chapter IV PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA This chapter presents the data gathered during the survey

made. It also shows the interpretation and the analysis of the data and its implications to the health of the people living in the community. A. General Community Profile General community profile tackles the community in general. Specifically, it includes the history, the different organizations formed, their leadership styles, programs and services offered. It also comprises the peoples perceptions regarding these agencies. This also gives

background knowledge on how the community evolved, who contains it, what are their ways of living, and who are the people responsible for its development. Community History General Santos City has 26 barangays. One of these is Barangay Olympog. Its name originated from a Blaan word Colympog which means cogon. Formerly, it was known to be a sitio of Barangay Conel. On 1990, the city council passed Resolution No. 03, series of 1990 separating Sitio Olympog from its mother Barangay Conel, primarily to cope up with the planning and implementing of government programs, projects, and other activities that have vital importance to its populace. This was

supported by a majority of votes cast during a plebiscite conducted by the Commission on Election, last February 24, 1990, favoring its separation. It is composed of ten puroks. These are Purok 1, Purok 2, Purok 3, Purok Sampao, Purok Biscayda, Purok Balsinang, Purok San Vicente, Purok Tucanop, Purok Kidam, and Purok Balakayo. Purok Balakayo was originally inhabited by the native Blaan people. The Blaans were known to be as private people. When a group of settlers coming from Cebu and other places went to Balakayo on the 1960s, most of the Blaans kept their distance and went uphill leaving the place to the Visayan people. It was Datu Kalib Santiago who owned most of Balakayo. When more people came to the place, he sold some parts of the land with an affordable price. There are different accounts on how the place of Purok Balakayo got its name. The current Purok Chairman, one of the first Visayan settlers, said that the word balakayo originated from malakayo, a Blaan term that means a place without water. Another first settler said that balakayo means woods or forest since the place before was abundant of trees. On the 1970s, the first chapel was built and was made of light materials. During this year, the MILF (Moro Islamic Liberation Front) went to the place and attacked those who were against them. Some of the cornfields were burned and some people were hurt.

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On 1980, Purok Balakayo was able to have an easier access to water. The water coming from the spring which was kilometers away from the center of the purok was already being delivered through a pipe system with the help of the late Mayor Antonino Acharon. On the next year, he also initiated in building theCaptain Barangay elementary school. On 1985, the NPA (New Peoples Army) came into the place and killed and hurt people who were against them as well as those who would not give them anything. Houses were ransacked leading the people of Balakayo to vacate the place for their own safety. For quite a long time, the people of Balakayo lived at other places. When the NPA vacated the
Rogelio G. Meigo Estelito Q. Cardeo Barangay Kagawad Barangay Kagawad place after many years, the people came back and restored what was left Apolonio D. Amora Barangay Kagawad Hon. Abeto A. Gulle Ruben B. Umas-as Barangay Captain Barangay Kagawad Hon. Abeto A. Gulle

while some did not came back due to fear that it would happen again. On L. Guymon John2002, the purok was able to have its electricity. The money Sergio A. Oclarit Barangay Kagawad Barangay Kagawad

which was used for the access of electricity was the peoples prize for winning as the cleanest purok in the city.
Herlito R. Rodriguez Community Leadership and Organization Marjun P. Cardeo Barangay Kagawad SK Chairman

Purok Balakayo, as part of Barangay Olympog is run by leaders elected by the community people. The barangay is run by a barangay captain who is currently held by Honorable Abeto A. Gulle with his set of barangay kagawads. They have the authority to make decisions for the good of the community. The barangay also has a secretary within
Guadalope V. Cagas Ester D. Secretary Barangay Cardeo Barangay Treasurer 60 Ester D. Cardeo Figure 3. Barangay Treasurer Organizational Chart of Barangay Olympog Officials Guadalope V. Cagas Barangay Secretary

their

Apolonio D. Amora Barangay Kagawad

Ruben B. Umas-as Barangay Kagawad Hon. Rogelio Paglinawan Purok Chairman

Estelito Q. Cardeo Barangay Kagawad

Rogelio G. Meigo Barangay Kagawad

Hon. Ricardo N. Dayday Committee on Beautification

Hon. Mesael D. Gamo Committee on Infrastructure

Hon. Nicanor Sicad Committee on Agriculture

Hon. Gaspar L. Gac-ang Committee on Education

Hon. Edgar C. Barcon Committee on Sport

Hon. Concordio H. Maratas Com. on Peace and Order

Celia C. Oros Purok Secretary

Charity C. Sicad Purok Treasurer

Garry M. Cagas SK Chairman 61 Figure 4. Organizational Chart of Purok Balakayo Officials

Table 1 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents

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in terms of Community Organization Community Organization FRAME GKK SK Purok Officials Women and Life None Total Frequency 23 8 6 6 11 19 73 Percentage 31.51 10.96 8.22 8.22 15.07 26.02 100

The different community organizations present in the community are presented in Table 1. One resident does not necessarily mean he/she has only one organization. Some people participate in two or more. Majority of these people are participants of the FRAME, Family Resource Allocation and Management Enhancement which constitutes 31.51% of the total households involved in different organizations. The FRAME was espoused by the local government of General Santos City in order to alleviate poverty. This said project was adopted by Mayor Darlene Antonino-Custodio from BSRP, Bayanihan Savings Replication Project which is community-based savings microfinance

and enterprise development program that helps low-income families handle their financial capabilities and manage their livelihood

(www.journal.com). FRAME finance committee chairman Marcelino E. Dospueblos said the project was first implemented in 2003 with P2,750 savings collected from the P10 weekly contribution of the members and added, Now the

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project has P30-million funds coming from the contribution of 32,000 members from the citys 26 barangays. There are 26.02 of total households who do not engage in any community organizations. 15.07% belongs to the women and life organization. Those who join the religious organization of GKK constitute a percentage of 10.96. The Sangguniang Kabataan and Purok Officials both consist 8.22% of the total households. Putting an organization in the community is a big factor which will contribute to its development. This seeks to empower individuals and groups of people by providing these groups with the skills they need to affect change in their own communities. The groups involved are working with common agenda to help build relationships with key people and organizations, as well as to identify common concerns. The people

who lead generate opportunities for the community to learn new skills and to enable people to act together. Table 2 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Type of Organization Type of Organization Religious Political Women and Life None Total Frequency 8 35 11 19 73 Percentage 10.96 47.95 15.07 26.02 100

Table 2 shows the type or classification where one organization belongs. The political type of organization comprises 47.95% of the total
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household members who actively participate in different organizations. 26.02% do not have any type of organization. 15.07% belongs to the women and life organization, and 10.96% are members of a religious organization. All Societies recognize political leadership roles of some sort. These are roles in which individuals generally have authority related to broad areas of concern for their society. Purok Officials and members of Sangguniang Kabataan are allowed to make decisions concerning the group as a whole. They are often expected to lead community

discussions and act as spokesmen in dealing with outsiders. They have power to control or at least strongly influence the behavior of others within the society by their powers of persuasion and use of legal system. They usually play a central role in defining their society's goals and public policy.

Government Organizations and its Programs and Services The Family Resource Allocation and Management Enhancement (FRAME) provides values formation, livelihood, and financial management seminars, loan programs, and other economic activities aimed at increasing the income of its members. Members within the community conduct their meeting every Sunday. A representative from each household is encouraged to gather and attend the meeting. The purok is actively participating in the different programs inititiated by the local government of General Santos City especially those
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which will greatly contribute and benefit their community. The officials also include in their programs operations such as clean up drive and basketball league. Non-Government Organizations and its Programs and Services The community people also recognize the existence of

organizations which are run by non-government leaders. The religious organization such as GKK conducts tree planting and feeding programs. It is led by Mr. Nicanor Sicad Jr. as the president. Every first Saturday of the month, they gather at Lagao Parish. Ministry, social actions such as outreach programs are included in their services. Peoples Perception and Participation from Programs and Services

The people in the community are generally optimistic and participative with regards to the different programs and services offered by government and non-government organizations. The community people

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readily accept any kind of help from these organizations as long as it will bring them good. The government organizations are Family Resource Allocation and Management Enhancement (FRAME), Purok Officials, and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK). On the other hand, the non-government organizations are Ginagmayng Kristohanong Katilingban (GKK), and Women and Life Organization. Table 3 presents that there are 127 registered voters in Purok Balakayo which comprises 73.41% of the people who are of legal age and 46 who are not registered comprising 26.59%. Political participation, especially in the form of voting, is essential to democracy. Full participation on the part of every citizen is a democratic ideal. Political participation most often produces political stability. Table 3 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Registered Voter Registered Voter Yes No Total Frequency 127 46 173 Percentage 73.41 26.59 100

Among those who are registered voters, there were 122 residents who were able to vote during last elections as shown in Table 4 while only 5 residents were not able to vote. Generally, the residents at the purok are willing and interested of participating in the elections because these make them feel that they are part of the country and a nations people.
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Table 4 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Registered Voters who Voted during Last Elections Voted During Last Elections Yes No Total Frequency 122 5 127 Percentage 96.06 3.94 100

Nature of Leadership of each Organization Each organization found in the community uses a systematic nature of leadership by which a chosen leader or head is assigned in an organization. It creates an orderly method of job assignment and referral system. The power of the organization is most concentrated at the tier of the oganizational framework headed by the president or chairman. The usual leader-follower-situation approach is being implemented where in the leader initiates and directs the followers.

Leadership Style and Process The leadership style is a unique process of managing and running an organization. Participative or democratic style is the most common style of leadership present within the community.

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This style involves the leader including one or more employees in the decision-aking process. However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. This style is of mutual benefit since it allows them to become part of the team and allows better decision making. Table 5 presents the problems and concerns identified by the people in the community. The topmost concern of the community people are their comfort rooms with 35 residents who identified it making up 28.23% of all the identified concerns. Next concern identified by 27 residents or 21.75% of the population of 124 residents is on their livelihood. Water supply is the next concern of 15 residents or 12.10%. 8 residents did not perceive any problem. Electricity and Malnutrition were both identified by 7 residents each. 6 residents were concerned of the road surface. Both education and school supplies were also of concern of 5 residents. 4 residents also identified problems in medical supplies. 3 people identified problem in waste disposal. Hygiene and alcoholism were of concern of 1 respondent each.

Table 5 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Problems/Concerns Present in the Community Present Problems/Concerns in the Community Comfort Room Education Frequency 35 5 Percentage 28.23 4.03
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Electricity Livelihood Malnutrition Hygiene Alcoholism Road Surface Waste Disposal School Supplies Water Supply None as perceived Medicine Supplies Total

7 27 7 1 1 6 3 5 15 8 4 124

5.65 21.75 5.65 0.81 0.81 4.84 2.42 4.03 12.10 6.45 3.23 100

It is important for the community people to identify problems existing in their community in order for them to address it, determine available resources as well as to set priorities, and take part in planning, implementing, and evaluating the health actions. These will become a basis for prioritization and implementation of the plans and programs that will generally benefit the community as a whole and empower the people in it in order for them to have a sense of ownership.

B. Physical and Geographical Data Land Area and Boundary

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Barangay Olympog is approximately approximately 5, 000 hectares in land area. It is composed of five (5) puroks. One of its Puroks is Purok Balakayo wherein it is located between Barangay Conel (West) and Purok Sansapan (East). Sanchez Peak is located on its north and Purok Kidam on the South. The total land area of Purok Balakayo is approximately 1,000 hectares according to Barangay Captain Abeto Gulle. Settlement and Road Pattern The settlements found in the community of Purok Balakayo are mostly composed of ordinary types of housing materials such as nipa, kalakat, bamboo and coco lumber while there are also some houses that are made of scrap and of concrete. The road patterns of the community are not well-developed. The road is not concrete but mostly composed of rocks especially lime stones. The houses also do not have any particular arrangement.

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Land Use According to the government, the area of Purok Balakayo is an ancestral domain of the Blaan tribes and stewardship is the primary ownership type in the area. However, almost all of the members of the tribe went to another place after many people came and lived to their land.

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The Blaan spiritual attachment to the land is well documented. They gradually lost their customary land and country through

unscrupulous dealings. Others also negotiated separately with the Blaan, buying off their land with an amount of money or for barter exchange such as carabaos. They also had their traditional nomadic life which partly explains why the Blaan this tribe place

were almost gone to

(http://cpcabrisbane.org).

The majority of the land area in Purok Balakayo is agricultural in nature. The people in the area made use of the land in the livelihood such as cultivation of farmlands and slash-and-burn farming (kaingin system).

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The majority of the residential homes are located at the center of the place (Centro) but some were distant because of the convenience on the livelihood reach and some are caretakers of the land. Other wellknown owners of some of the land have their own business such as gamefowl breeding/rooster-raisers, Zipline Adventure Park and others. Climate Purok Balakayo experiences temperate climate with usual seasons of rainy and sunny days.

Topography and Terrain

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Purok Balakayo is a combination of plain and mountainous areas. It has grassy and elevated rough terrains. Physical Resources The physical resources of Purok Balakayo include many of the famous landmarks owned by influential people. These count the Octagon of Fiscal Jamora, Lautengcos rest house, numerous poultry, 5 th Mountain Adventure Park with Zipline and Cable car owned by Mr. Betonio, and the highest peak in Gensan, the Sanchez peak. These spots are considered to be a good contribution for the development of the communitys tourism aspect which will lead to more opportunities and provision of jobs for the people.

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Purok Balakayo has five (5) churches, an elementary school, electric posts as sources of electricity, lamp posts for lighting, and five (5) water sources.

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77

They also have sari-sari stores and vulcanizing shop. Community people also enjoy with their other recreational areas such as Basketball court, Billiard hall and Videoke areas.

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The People Table 6 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Years of Residency in Purok Balakayo No. of Years of Residency 0 - 1 years 1.1 - 3 years 3.1 - 5 years more than 5 years Total Frequenc y 11 12 5 38 66 Percentage 16.67 18.18 7.57 57.58 100

Table 6 shows that most of the people who live in Purok Balakayo are already residents for more than five years which comprises 57.58%. There are 18.18% of the total households who are already residing for 1.1 up to 3 years. 16.67% of the households are new to the community who live there already not more than a year and there are 7.57% who resides there for 3.1 to 5 years. The number of years of residency implies significance in terms how people are able to adapt in the community. The longer people resides in a community, the higher are their knowledge of that community and the chances of being accustomed of that community.

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Transport in general, and accessibility of people, jobs and services in particular, is assumed to have an important impact on the residential choice behavior of households. After all, the amount of activities that can be deployed by the household members, whether labor, leisure or socially correlated is determined by the accessibility of a location. The location of adequate housing, whether urban or rural, must permit access to employment opportunities, health care, schools, child care and other social facilities (http://ideas.repec.org). Table 7 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Reason for Residency Reason For Transfer Accessibility to resources Close to Relatives Land Ownership Marriage Tenant Work/Employment Resident Pastor None: Resident of Balakayo Total Frequenc y 12 6 7 7 2 30 1 1 66 Percentage 18.18 9.09 10.61 10.61 3.02 45.45 1.52 1.52 100

People coming from other places have different reasons of residing in Purok Balakayo as shown in Table 7. Majority of them resides because of work and employment with 45.45% of the total households. 18.18% of the households resided to access resources present in the community. Land ownership and marriage are the reasons for residing by both having 10.61% of the households. 9.09% have the reason of residing to be close
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to their relatives place. 3.02% of the total households are tenants. 1.52% belongs to both the resident pastor and a resident of Purok Balakayo. Table 8 shows that majority of the people came from the community itself, Purok Balakayo in Barangay Olympog with a percentage of 18.18 among the total households as well as on its nearby community in the west, Barangay Conel. 13.62% are residents who came from Cebu city. 9.09% came from Davao city. There are 4.55% of each of the residents coming from Malungon, Silway, and Sultan Kudarat. Glan, Purok San Vicente, Purok Upper Labay, and Pagadian all have 3.02% households each and theres a percent among each of the places of Bacolod city, Lanao del Norte, Marbel, Purok Kidam, Purok Sampao, Table 8 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Place of Origin Place of Origin Bacolod City Cebu City Conel Davao City Glan Lanao del Norte Malungon Marbel Purok Balakayo, Barangay Olympog Purok Kidam, Barangay Olympog Purok Sampao, Barangay Olympog Purok San Vicente, Barangay Olympog Purok Sansapan, Barangay Olympog Purok Upper Labay, Barangay Olympog San Roque, Silway Sultan Kudarat Polomolok Frequency 1 9 12 6 2 1 3 1 12 1 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 Percentage 1.52 13.62 18.18 9.09 3.02 1.52 4.55 1.52 18.18 1.52 1.52 3.02 1.52 3.02 4.55 4.55 1.52
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Tacurong 1 1.52 Lagao 1 1.52 Pagadian 2 3.02 Cagayan Valley 1 1.52 Total 66 100 Purok Sansapan, Polomolok, Tacurong, Lagao, and Cagayan Valley. This data implies that most of the people come from the nearby communities which allow them to easily access on the community. The people from Cebu city are considered to be one of the settlers in the community. Table 9 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Dialect Dialect Native B'laan Ilonggo Tagalog Bisaya Kaolo Total Frequency 1 2 1 60 2 66 Percentage 1.52 3.02 1.52 90.92 3.02 100

Table 9 presents that majority of the people uses Bisaya as the dialect they use in communicating comprising a 90.92% of the total households. Others use Ilonggo and Kaolo with both 3.02%. Native Blaan and Tagalog are both used by 1.52% each of the total households. It shows that Bisaya dialect is used by many families in order to communicate which is a good indicator since people using common and mutually accepted language or dialect will lead to understanding and miscommunications will be avoided.
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Language is not only a vehicle for the expression of thoughts, perceptions, sentiments, and values characteristic of a community; it also represents a fundamental expression of social identity. Edward Sapir said: "the mere fact of a common speech serves as a peculiar potent symbol of the social solidarity of those who speak the language." In short, language retention helps maintain feelings of cultural kinship (Sapir, 2000). Table 10 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Ethnicity Ethinicity B'laan Cebuano Tagalog Ilonggo Kaolo Total Frequency 1 60 1 2 2 66 Percentage 1.52 90.92 1.52 3.02 3.02 100

Table 10 shows that 90.92% of the households occupying the community are Cebuanos. Ilonggo and Kaolo both comprise 3.02% whereas Blaan and Tagalog both comprise 1.52% of the households. Ethnicity of people has a big impact on the community since members identify each other a common heritage consisting of a common language, common culture, and common religion. Since Purok Balakayo mosly have Cebuanos as occupants, it is not difficult for them to adapt and intermingle with each other. Culture is a set of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that are widely held among a group of people and that are transmitted across generations (Leininger, 2002).
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Culture develops over time and is resistant to change. It takes many years for individuals to become familiar enough with what a community has used to do or practice. C. General Household Data This section presents the demographic data of the community. This includes the household compositions, age, sex, civil status, religion, and educational attainment. These indicators serve as an initial data of the community people from which health problems can be identified. Distribution of Profile according to Age Table 11 shows the frequency distribution of the residents in Purok Balakayo in terms of age. Age refers to the length of years of an

individual living while gender talks about a range of characteristics distinguishing between male and female, particularly in the cases of men and women and the masculine and feminine attributes assigned to them. The different level of age with its corresponding gender has its own following effect in the societys status like in the socioeconomic area. Almost of the population consists 29.64% of young adults with 17.14% male and 12.50%. The least age distribution is 2.14% wherein it is under young old consisting of 1.06% both in male and female. The infancy stage has a 3.93% over-all percentage with 2.50 % in female and 1.43% in male. Toddlerhood has 2.86% in female and 1.79% in male for a total of 4.65%. In preschool, 3.93% were female and 2.50% male for a
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6.43% as a total percentage. There is a total of 17.15% in the school age having 7.86% female and 9.29% male. The adolescence is comprised with 6.43% female and 11.43 male and has its over-all percentage of 17.86%. Lastly is the middle adult having 7.86% distributed in female while 10.36% for the male side and a total of 18.22%. Table 11 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Age in relation to Gender Age Neonatal (birth - 28 days) Infancy (1 month - 1 yr.) Toddlerhood (1.1 yr. - 3 yrs.) Preschool (3.1 yrs. - 6 yrs.) School Age (6.1 yrs. - 12 yrs.) Adolesence (12.1 yrs. - 20 yrs.) Young Adult (20.1 yrs - 40 yrs.) Middle Adult (40.1 yrs. - 65 yrs.) Young - Old (65.1 yrs. - 74 yrs.) Middle - Old (75 yrs. - 84 yrs.) Old - Old (85 yrs. & above) Total Gender Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Frequenc y 0 0 7 4 8 5 11 7 22 26 18 32 35 48 22 29 3 3 0 0 0 0 280 Percentage 0.00 0.00 2.50 1.43 2.86 1.79 3.93 2.50 7.86 9.29 6.43 11.43 12.50 17.14 7.86 10.36 1.06 1.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 100

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The highest distribution in the age group belongs to males and females in young adult stage while the least belongs to group of young-old stage. Majority of the population is mostly composed of the productive age. This implies that the community people are mostly able to support their families by establishing their own occupation and livelihood. Dependent individuals like those in infancy and young-old stage are minimal.

The variation in age and gender group has a major effect in the national status. Most of the people work and reach their productive life in the age bracket of young adulthood from 20 to 40 years old. For the female population during the young adulthood stage both works at an organization or resides at home and does household chores. In the male area, physical labor is the most common type of having an income like being a construction worker. The population also consists of children and teenagers wherein their first priority is to go to school and have their education.
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Distribution of Profile according to Gender The Distribution of profile according to gender is shown in Table 12. It shows that there are more males than females showing a result of 55% over 45%. This result is affected by the nature of occupation present in the community. In relation to the occupation, majority of males are farmers and the community is dependent on their agricultural products. They are also the breadwinners of their families since majority of the females are housewives. Table 12 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents In terms of Gender Gender Male Female Total Frequency 154 126 280 Percentage 55.0 45.0 100

Distribution of Profile according to Number of Household Members Table 13 shows that majority of the households have atleast 3 to 4 members comprising 45.45% of the total households. There are 24.24% of the households with 1 to 2 members. 13.64% of the households have 5 to 6 members, 10.61% have 7 to 8 members, 3.02% have 9 to 10 members, 1.52% have 11-12 members, and another 1.52% of the households have above 12 members.

Table 13
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Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Number of Household Members No. of Household members 1 - 2 Members 3 - 4 Members 5 - 6 Members 7 - 8 Members 9 -10 Members 11 - 12 Members Above 12 Members Total Frequenc y 16 30 9 7 2 1 1 66 Percentage 24.24 45.45 13.64 10.61 3.02 1.52 1.52 100

Family size can be a contributor to their social and economical status. Financial conditional of family is profoundly related to the size of the family. A living cost of large family is much higher than small family. A large family has more expenses on the daily basic family needs whereas expenses in small family are very low. A child in a small family receives more support from their parents than in large family. In large family, parents have many child to look after, thus they may experience difficulty in giving their best support to everyone whereas in small family, parents can give more support to children as they have only one or two children to look after. Family size also affect the health, especially that of the mother and child. Frequent pregnancies can cause illness to both mother and children. It can disrupt the health of the women. It puts mothers and babies health at risk. Distribution of Profile according to Marital Status
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The marital status of an individual indicates the reproductive and social status of a community. Developed countries are often observed with married couples. The productive capacities of individuals are affected by the marital status. As shown in Table 14, the community are composed of children from 0 to 12 years old females with 17.14% and males with 14.64%. The population is also comprised of children from 13-17 years old females with 5.36% and males with 6.07%. Table 14 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents In terms of Marital Status Marital Status Single Legally Married Widowed Divorced/Separated Common Law Child (0-12 Years Old) Child (13-17 Years Old-Youth Age) Total Gender Frequency Percentage Female 8 2.86 Male 33 11.79 Female 44 15.71 Male 49 17.50 Female 3 1.07 Male 0 0.00 Female 0 0.00 Male 0 0.00 Female 11 3.93 Male 11 3.93 Female 48 17.14 Male 41 14.64 Female 15 5.36 Male 17 6.07 280 100

The table shows that majority of the population belongs to those who are legally married with 15.71% females and 17.50% males and the

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least are composed of 1.07% widowed females. There were no widowed males as well as no separated couples. It is clearly shown in the table that there were more males who are single than the females which may affect the living status of the community people in terms of marriage as well as economic aspects. Marriage has its impact on the community especially on the productivity of a certain household and its contribution on the economy of the community. According to George Gilder, the engine that made the economy run is marriage and family. It is because when one gets married, he becomes more responsible, he settles down, and he focuses on work in order to provide and support the needs of the family members. Distribution of Profile according to Religion Religion is a collection of cultural systems, beliefs, and world views that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values. They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious laws or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the human nature. As Table 15 shows above, there are a 57.14% being in a Roman Catholic religion, 22.14% for Alliance, 6.07% for Bagong Jerusalem, 5% for Seventh Day Adventist, 3.93% for having no religion, 3.57% for Assembly of God, 1.43% for Jehovahs Witness and 0.72% for Islam. There are 7 different religions present at the community. Table 15
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Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Religion Religion Alliance Assembly of God Bagong Jerusalem Islam Roman Catholic Seventh Day Adventist None Jehovah's Witness Total Frequenc y 62 10 17 2 160 14 11 4 280 Percentage 22.14 3.57 6.07 0.72 57.14 5.00 3.93 1.43 100

As a community, there are lots of diversities involved and one of it is the religion. Everyone has a right to choose their own religion and beliefs. But even there is a difference in religion still being connected to the community through this diversity helps the people to communicate their differences and learn from one another. Distribution of Profile according to Educational Attainment Educational attainment is a term commonly used by statisticians to refer to the highest degree of education an individual has completed. Having education is the main element in having a brighter future since almost of the jobs offered after high school or college requires a diploma or any certificates to be accepted. Another reason would be acquiring knowledge needed in answering situations for the upcoming future. Table 16 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Educational Attainment (General)
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Educational Attainment (General) Kindergarten/Preparatory Non-formal Education Elementary Level Elementary Graduate Highschool Level Highschool Graduate Vocational Graduate College Level College Graduate Masteral Level Children (0 - 3 years old) None Total

Frequency 9 2 94 35 54 42 5 2 3 1 28 5 280

Percentage 3.21 0.71 33.57 12.50 19.29 15.00 1.79 0.71 1.07 0.36 10.00 1.79 100

As shown in Table 16 which focuses on the general type of educational attainment, there are 33.57% who are in their elementary level while there is a 0.36% who had his masteral level. With this tabulation, it shows that almost of the people living in the area had reached elementary level compared to finishing college. For this primary reason, most of the jobs taken are laboring, farming or being a housewife. For the specific type of educational attainment, 15.36% had reached their 4th year level in high school and the least are in the 1st - 3rd year of college, post-grad with units and the day care having a 0.36%. Table 17 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Educational Attainment (Specific) Educational Attainment (Specific) No Grade Completed Day Care Kindergarten/Preparatory Grade I Frequency 34 1 8 18 Percentage 12.14 0.36 2.86 6.43
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Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V Grade VI 1st Year HS 2nd Year HS 3rd Year HS 4th Year HS Vocational Graduate Vocational level 1st Year College 2nd Year College 3rd Year College 4th Year College or Higher Post Grad w/ Units Phd Graduate/ Master's Course Total

13 17 16 23 42 19 18 15 43 4 2 1 1 1 3 1 0 280

4.64 6.07 5.71 8.21 15.00 6.79 6.43 5.36 15.36 1.43 0.71 0.36 0.36 0.36 1.07 0.36 0.00 100

The reason for not completing the secondary and tertiary level is due to the poor economic status according to most of the perceptions of the people during the surveys. D. Economic Data Communities today face real challenges in this globalizing world. Jobs and incomes are all tied to a community economy's effectiveness, dynamism, and resiliency. This section presents the economic data of the community. Economic data is best represented by money or wealth as reflected in employment income, home ownership, and other financial assets. Socioeconomic status is a critical factor in determining access to health care and the development of some chronic health problems
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Distribution of Profile According to Occupation Occupation of the people influences the socioeconomic status of their community. When productive individuals within the suitable age of work force practices their occupations, significant sustenance of their every day needs are able to be fulfilled and quality of life is also enhanced. Salaries from their work are substantial indicators of the socioeconomic state of the family and to the allocation to the various need of the family are also taken consideration. Table 18 shows the occupation of female residents of Puork Balakayo 25.58 % are housewives, 23.23% are students, 16.28 % were children aging from 0-5 years old, farmers and housekeepers got an equal percentage of 10.08 %, 6.98 % are storekeepers, 3.10% are businesswomen,1.55 % are caretakers, and teacher, factory worker, barangay volunteer and househelper got an equal percentage of 0.78%. It shows that most mothers serve their role as plain housewives in their family. They were responsible in rearing and caring the children. A housewife is not only responsible for the physical well-being of her family, but she actively involved herself in the productivity of the estate like producing vegetables form the garden and raising animals. Table 18 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Occupation (Female) Occupation (Female) Housewife None (0-5 yrs.old) Frequency 33 21 Percentage 25.58 16.28
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Caretaker Storekeeper Farmer Housekeeper Business Student Teacher Factory Worker Barangay Volunteer Househelper Total

2 9 13 13 4 30 1 1 1 1 129

1.55 6.98 10.08 10.08 3.10 23.23 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 100

23. 23% of the female residents are composed of the students and pupils. This means that this percentage is composed by nonworking age groups. The wife's economic importance assured her a status which, in practical terms, was close to being that of an equal partner with her husband. As compared to the females, there are more male occupants present in the community. Table 19 presents the occupation of male residents of Purok Balakayo. Being a farmer is the main occupation representing 29.16% of the total population, 20.53 % are students, 15.89 % are caretakers, 11.26 % are children aging 0-5 years old, 7.95% are unemployed and 15.21% is composed of other occupations. Farming is a chief way of life in every country. People cannot live without food, and nearly all their food comes from crops and animals raised on farms. Table 19 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Occupation (Male)
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Occupation (Male) None None (0-5 yrs. old) Caretaker Storekeeper Farmer Business Maintenance Carpenter Student Pastor Motorcycle Driver Tractor Driver Teacher Construction Worker Company Driver Dicer Total

Frequency 12 17 24 4 44 4 2 2 31 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 151

Percentage 7.95 11.26 15.89 2.65 29.16 2.65 1.32 1.32 20.53 1.32 1.99 0.66 0.66 1.32 0.66 0.66 100

Distribution of Profile according to Sources of Income Family income affects the ability of a family to meet their needs. Basic needs should always be first prioritized. Budget planners in the family are mostly the mothers and budgeting should appropriately manage to have financial stability. Table 20 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Sources of Income Source of Income Livestock and poultry raising Crop farming and gardening Business Community, social and dental services
Transportation, storage and communication services

Construction

Frequenc y 5 38 9 3 4 4

Percentage 5.88 44.71 10.59 3.53 4.71 4.71

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Employment Activities not elsewhere classified Total

18 4 85

21.16 4.71 100

Table 20 shows that the main source of income is crop farming and gardening. 38 households were into agriculture comprising 44.71% on the overall percentage. Employment as a source of income is composed of 21.18%, 10.59% are into business, and 5.88% do livestock and poultry raising. Other sources of income such as transportation, storage, and communication services, as well as construction and employment, all account for 4.71% each. 3.53% for community, social, and dental services.

Agriculture plays a significant role in the Philippine economy. Involving about 40% of Filipino workers, it contributes an average of 20% to the Gross Domestic Product. This output comes mainly from agribusiness, which in turn accounts for about 70% of the total agriculture output (CIDA-LGSP, 2003). Distribution of Profile according to Other Sources of Income Table 21 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Other Sources of Income
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Other Sources of Income Net Share of Crops, fruits and vegetables produced or livestock and poultry raised by other households Rentals received from non-agricultural lands, buildings, spaces and other properties Other sources not classified elsewhere Total

Frequenc y 28

Percentage 71.79

1 10 39

2.56 25.65 100

Table 21 shows that the other sources of income among of the 39 households of Purok Balakayo had been mainly on Net share of crops, fruits and vegetables produced or livestock and poultry raised by other households. It comprised a total of 71.79%. According to the community people, it is very necessary to have sidelines or extra income in order to have money if harvest time is still not around especially because majority of them depends on farming and agriculture. This is also to help the women in the community who stays at home to have their way of contributing in providing their families their needs on a daily living basis as well as for them to feel their worth as wives and mothers. Distribution of Profile according to Estimated Monthly Income Table 22 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Estimated Monthly Income Estimated Monthly Income P1 - P2,500 P2, 501 - P5, 000 P5, 001 - P7, 500 Frequency 15 21 10 Percentage 22.73 31.83 15.15
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P7, 501 - P10, 000 P10, 001 - P12, 500 P12, 501 - P15, 000 P15, 001 and above Total

5 5 4 6 66

7.57 7.57 6.06 9.09 100

Table 22 shows the estimated monthly income of the residents of Purok Balakayo. 31.83% or majority of residents had a range of two thousand five hundred one- five thousand pesos a month, 22.73% had income of one to two thousand five hundred pesos, 15.15% had five thousand one to seven thousand five hundred pesos, 9.09% had fifteen thousand one and above pesos, 7.58% on both income ranges of seven thousand five hundred one to ten thousand pesos and ten thousand one to twelve thousand five hundred pesos and 6.06% had twelve thousand five hundred one to fifteen thousand pesos. This result is is due to the nature of the jobs present in the community. Since they are mostly involved in farming for which they agreed upon to be the most convenient way of earning for their family considering the place and the accessibility of the resources in the area as well as in prolonging their income stability through this farming. Distribution of Profile according to Housing Ownership Table 23 presents the housing ownership of residents in Purok Balakayo. 34 households were tenanted comprising of 51.52% on the overall percentage. 36.36% of residents own their houses while 12.12% only rents a house.
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Table 23 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Housing Ownership Housing Ownership Rented Owned Tenanted Total Frequenc y 8 24 34 66 Percentage 12.12 36.36 51.52 100

This setting is due to the prominent people who own large hectares of land in the area and gives the community people the opportunities to help in its maintenance as well as to serve as guardians of the place through hiring them as tenant farmers or caretakers.

Distribution of Profile according to Type of Housing Table 24 presents the type of house found in the community. Results revealed that 86.36% of the residents had ordinary houses. 9.09% had concrete houses while 4.55% had scrap houses. Table 24 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Type of Housing Type of Housing Concrete Ordinary Scrap Total Frequency 6 57 3 66 Percentage 9.09 86.36 4.55 100

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A house may be made up of different construction materials and many factors affect the use of these materials. These may be due to its cost, preference of the individual in charge of the construction, as well as the durability of the materials that will be chosen and used. The results are confirmed by the community people which they think is due to their initiative to utilize the resources already present in their community to build their houses and mostly of these resources are bamboo, coconut lumber, and nipa. Families with greater income are able to afford and buy cement, hollow blocks, and other concrete materials for their houses.

Distribution of Profile according to Land Ownership Table 25 shows the land ownership of residents in the community. 46.97% of the residents were tenants of the lands, 33.33% owned them, 12.12% of the lands were not owned by the family but they served as stewards and 7.58% only rented the land where they lived. Table 25 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Land Ownership Land Ownership Owned Rented Tenanted Stewards Total Frequency 22 5 31 8 66 Percentage 33.33 7.58 46.97 12.12 100
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This result is due to the more prominent persons buying large hectares of land and open opportunities for other community people to have work and to have a place to stay in as mentioned by them. Those who already owned a land at the Purok are believed to be the first settlers in the community and others had it passed over the generations within their family. Distribution of Profile according to Type of Land Table 26 presents the type of land in the community where the residents live. Data showed that 100% of the residents live on a rolling type of land. This is due to the geographical location and set up of the community since they are on mountainous terrains. Table 26 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Type of Land Type of Land Plain Rolling Total Frequency 0 66 66 Percentage 0 100 100

Distribution of Profile according to Appliances An appliance is one of the indicators of the status of life of a family in a community. The cost of living will greatly be affected and eventually will increase as these appliances bring convenience to the family as well as leisure.
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As shown in Table 27, most of the families have their televisions comprising 27.62% of the residents. Following televisions, are radio casettes which make up 22.86% of the population. There are residents who do not have appliances in their homes and they account for 13.33% which all have common reason absence of electricity. 9.52% each for those with refrigerator as well as electric fans. There is a percentage of 4.76 for those with stero/component. 3.81% each for the residents with karaoke and electric iron. 1.90% comprises the residents wiith CD/VCD/DVD Player. Lastly, 0.95% each for those with LPG gas stove/range, washing machine, and personal computer. The people who have electricity utilize their appliances based on their needs. Most of them have television and radio. These are both used for news update as well as for leisure and fun. Table 27 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Appliances Household Appliances Radio/ Radio Casette Television CD/VCD/DVD player Stereo/Component Karaoke Refrigerator/Freezer Electric fan Electric Iron LPG gas stove/range Washing machine Personal Computer None Frequency 24 29 2 5 4 10 10 4 1 1 1 14 Percentage 22.86 27.62 1.90 4.76 3.81 9.52 9.52 3.81 0.95 0.95 0.95 13.33
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Total

105

100

Distribution of Profile according to Household Gadgets Aside from the number of appliances being an indicator of the status of life of a family in a community, it could also be gadgets to which will identify the status of ones family in the community. As table 28 shows, there were 46 residents who have cellphones making up a 68.66% of the total. 20 residents do not have any kind of gadgets.

Table 28 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Gadgets Household Gadgets Cellphone Printer None Total Frequency 46 1 20 67 Percentage 68.66 1.49 29.85 100

However, there is 1 who have a printer in the community making it 1.49% of the population.These all make life easy and convenient. Distribution of Profile according to Animal Raising From livstock to poultry, there are many animals that benefit man in a form of animal husbandry. The methods of raising animals varied in different fields of animal husbandry until those effective and efficient

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enough have been developed and taken upon to meet the growing needs of man.

Table 29 presents the frequency of animal raised in the community. Chicken was the most common animal raised with 25.81; 20.43% were chicken for egg-laying; goats with 13.98%; both cow and carabao with 9.68%; pigs with 6.45%; roosters with 3.23%; horses with 2.15%; and ducks with 1.08%. there were seven (7) households who were not raising any animal in their backyard or farms, thus comprising 7.53% on the overall percentage. Majority of the households raise chickens because according to them, they are much more easier to raise compared to other animals. They are also of many uses. They could be for selling or for consumption. They produce eggs for more income or consumption as well as to grow more chickens. Cows and carabaos are also helpful for the farmers who transport their products from one place to another. Sources of meat could also be from goats and pigs. Table 29
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Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Animal Raising Animal Raising Carabao Cow Pigs Horses Chicken Chicken for egg laying Rooster Ducks Goat None Total Frequency 9 9 6 2 24 19 3 1 13 7 93 Percentage 9.67 9.67 6.45 2.15 25.81 20.43 3.23 1.08 13.98 7.53 100

Distribution of Profile according to Transportation Facilities A means of transport is an important aspect in living, especially if an individual needs to get around a far off distance. Transportation has been improving over the years and its impact on the society is great. By the help of transportation, prompt transfer of people, goods, and services are faster and even more convenient. Table 30 shows the frequency of transportation facilities used in the community. 56.06% of the residents rented their own transportation facility wherein they pay for them. 33.33% had their own transportation facility; and 4.55% of the residents had a transportation facility that was lended to them. There were four (4) households who had no owned, rented or lended transportation facility. These comprised of 6.06% on the overall percentage scores. Table 30
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Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Transportation Facilities Transportation Facilities Owned Rented Lended None Total Frequency 22 37 3 4 66 Percentage 33.33 56.06 4.55 6.06 100

Majority of the community people rent their transportation facilities. This, according to them, is due to some financial constraints and their manner of budgeting. They prioritize other needs than their transportation. As for them, they need to allocate their budget more on food, education, as well as on their organizations specifically FRAME. Distribution of Profile according to Mode of Transport Table 31 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Mode of Transport Mode of Transport By foot Bicycle Habal-Habal Motorcycle Car Total Frequenc y 4 2 21 38 1 66 Percentage 6.06 3.03 31.82 57.57 1.52 100

The table shows the mode of transport used in the community. Motorcycle was commonly used comprising of 57.57% on the overall percentage scores. It was followed by Habal-habal (a term referring on a mode of transportation wherein a rented motorcycle was provided with the
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assistance of the motorcycle driver) with 31.82%; by foot with 6.06%; bicycle with 3.03%; and car with 1.52%. The community people confirmed that the fastest and most convenient mode of transport is the utilization of motorcycles.

E. Medical Profile Community

of

the

This section of the study deals about the entire medical profile of the community in terms of how the people seek for their medical needs. Distribution of Profile according to Immediate Source of Medical Care (Institution) Table 32 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Immediate Source of Medical Care (Institution) Immediate Source of Medical Care (Institution) BHC Private Clinics Hospital None (Self-medication) Total Frequency 41 7 20 14 82 Percentage 50.00 8.54 24.39 17.07 100

The table presents the source of medical care (Institution) commonly chosen by the residents of the community. Based on the results
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gathered, 50.0% chose Barangay Health Center, 24.39% chose Hospital and 8.54% chose Private Clinics. However, 17.07% of the residents used not to go to any health institution instead prompted to self-medication. This may imply that people in the community are oriented with the services offered by BHS. On the other hand, this may also imply that most of the community people have financial instability and are not capable of consulting private practitioner because of the fee. The distance between the community and the city proper is also a factor that had hindered them in seeking medical attention in hospitals and private clinics. Distribution of Profile according to Immediate Source of Medical Care (Personnel) Table 33 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Immediate Source of Medical Care (Personnel) Immediate Source of Medical Care (Person) RHM BHW CHO Doctors Hospital Doctors Trained Hilot Traditional Hilot None (Self-medication) Total Frequency 1 9 2 22 1 31 8 74 Percentage 1.35 12.16 2.70 29.73 1.35 41.89 10.81 100

The table presents the source of medical care in terms of personnel. Based on the results, residents commonly consult to traditional hilots with 41.89%, hospital doctors with 29.73%, barangay health workers
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(BHW) with 12.16%, community health organization doctors (CHO doctors) with 2.70%, and both rural health midwife (RHM) and trained hilot with 1.35%. There were also residents who did not seek and consult to any health personnel with 10.81%. This implies that most of the community people are still engaging in traditional way of managing illnesses. Health services and health personnel should always be very available so that people can avail the proper management to specific health problems. Distribution of Profile according to Nutritional Status Table 34 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Nutritional Status Age Neonatal (birth - 28 days) Nutritional Status Below Normal Normal Above Normal Below Normal Normal Above Normal Below Normal Normal Above Normal Below Normal Normal Above Normal Frequency Percentage 0 0 0 2 4 0 7 10 0 11 8 0 42 0 0 0 4.76 9.52 0 16.67 23.81 0 26.19 19.05 0 100

Infancy (1 months - 1 yr.)

Toddlerhood (1.1 yr. - 3 yrs.) Preschool (3.1 yrs. - 6 yrs.) Total

The table presents the nutritional status of children aging 0-6 year old. 26.83% from the preschool (3.1 yrs. - 6 yrs.) is below normal and
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19.51% is normal. In toddler stage, 21.95% is normal and 17.07% is below normal. normal. Majority of the children belonging to preschool age group are with below normal body mass index. Malnutrition is the condition by an improper balance between what an individual eats and what he requires to maintain health. This can result from eating too little or may also imply an incorrect balance of basic foodstuffs such as protein, fat, and carbohdrates. According to the community people, this may have been resulted from eating too much junk foods and the lack of motivation for the children to eat right especially when vegetables are being served. If not given attention, this will likely affect the familys financial, emotional, physical, and spiritual status and eventually may become one of the communitys health deficits. Distribution of Profile according to Pregnancy Status Table 35 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Pregnancy Status Pregnancy Status Yes No Total Frequency 1 53 54 Percentage 1.85 98.15 100 9.76% from the infancy stage is normal and 4.88% is below

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The table presents the pregnancy status of females on reproductive age. 1 out of 54 females or 1.85% are pregnant while 53 or 98.15% were not pregnant. Pregnancy is a way of knowing the birth rate of ones population and a factor for one community to endure and continue their way of life. The community people agreed that in order to meet the needs of women, there should be an access facility based care during pregnancy, childbirth, and after the delivery. However, they also believe that this would be a long term project. Strengthening them through community services would be of big help to them especially to the nursing mothers. Distribution of Profile according to Lactation Table 36 Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of Lactation Lactating Yes No Total Frequenc y 7 4 11 Percentage 63.63 36.34 100

The table shows that 63.63% of mothers with children below 1 year old are breastfeeding their infants while the remaining 36.64% do bottle feeding. The mothers in the community had already acquired information regarding the advantages of breastfeeding over formula feeding. They believe that it is healthier if milk is given naturally to provide immunity to
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infections. They all agreed that this also promotes a maternal-infant bonding. Moreover, this is the most convenient and inexpensive way of providing what is best for their babies. Distribution of Profile according to Deworming Table 37 shows the deworming status of children aging 5-12 years old age. 87.04% of the children are dewormed and 12.96% are not dewormed. Table 37 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Deworming Deworming Data (5-12 years old) Yes No Total Frequency 47 7 54 Percentage 87.04 12.96 100

The results gathered implies that the community has improved system of deworming children ages 5 to 12 years old. This was confirmed by the residents since the elementary school present in their area provides the children deworming services every 6 months. School-age children typically have the highest intensity of worm infection of any age group. In addition, the most cost-effective way to deliver deworming procedure regularly to children is through schools because schools offer a readily available, extensive and sustained infrastructure with a skilled workforce that is in close contact with the community. Regular deworming contributes to good health and nutrition for children of school age, which in turn leads to increased attendance,
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reduced

class

repetition,

and

increased

educational

attainment

(www.who.int/wormcontrol). Distribution of Profile according to Family Planning According to World Health Organization, Family Planning allows people to attain their desired number of children and determine the spacing of pregnancies and it is achieved through use of contraceptive methods. Table 38 shows that majority of the respondents are acceptors of family planning methods and are continuously practicing it and comprises 40.91% of the total percentage. Table 38 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Family Planning Family Planning Acceptor Continuous Not Continuous Not Acceptor Total 27 6 33 66 40.91 9.09 50.00 100 Frequency Percentage

12.12% are acceptors but are not continuous user of family planning methods. 46.97% are not acceptor of family planning methods. According to the majority of the couples in the community, it is still up for both partners to decide whether or not to consider family planning. As most of them are acceptors of family planning, their primary reason falls

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within lifes crisis. Since majority agreed that nowadays, people tend to be practical and reasonable. Distribution of Profile according to Family Planning Methods According to the acceptors of family planning, the method to be used should be talked about and decided by the couple themselves. With the assistance of health education, there are factors for them to consider on the appropriate method to be used which includes age of the woman, woman's reproductive stage, the effectiveness of a method, their health status and their personal considerations. Table 39 presents the family planning methods used by couples of Purok Balakayo. Most of the couples used pills comprising 66.67% of the total percentage, 21.21% uses IUD, and 12.12% uses Depo-provera. The reason for most mothers to use pills is that they are inexpensive as well as they are easy to avail and take. Table 39 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Family Planning Methods Family Planning Mehtod Use IUD Pills Depo Total Frequency 7 22 4 33 Percentage 21.21 66.67 12.12 100

Distribution of Profile according to Supply of Water

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A safe, reliable, affordable, and easily accessible water supply is essential for good health, but for several decades almost 1 billion people in developing countries have lacked access to such a supply. A poor water supply impacts health by causing acute infectious diarrhea, repeat or chronic diarrhea episodes (Hunter, et. al, 2010).

Table 40 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Water Supply Water Supply Bought Free Total Frequency 49 17 66 Percentage 74.24 25.76 100

Table 40 shows the water supply used by the residents of Purok Balakayo. 74.24% of the total percentage bought their water while 25.76% have free water supply. The people of Purok Balakayo believe that proper maintenance and storage of their water sources and supply is vital. They also agreed that it can greatly affect their health by the maintenance of personal hygiene and its use in their daily living. Distribution of Profile according to Source of Drinking Water Table 41 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Source of Drinking Water Source of Drinking Water Supply Bodies of Water Frequency 1 Percentage 1.52
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Bottled/Purified/Distilled Water Dug Well Pipe System Total

4 1 60 66

6.05 1.52 90.91 100

Table 41 presents the source of drinking water supply of the households. Most of the household uses pipe system as their source of drinking water comprising 90.91% of the total households, 6.05% uses bottled water, and 1.52% from bodies of water and dug well. Since majority of the people utilize the pipe system, use of boiling process is necessary according to them. They knew for the fact that this will make their water safe by its ability to remove undesirable contaminants from the water. Distribution of Profile according to Water Container Used Table 42 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Water Container Used Water Container Used With Cover Without Cover Total Frequenc y 61 5 66 Percentage 92.42 7.58 100

The table presents the water container used by the residents of Purok Balakayo. 92.42% of the water containers used by the residents have covers while 7.58% uses containers without covers.

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According to the community people, covered water containers are important for keeping their water supplies free of bacteria and other harmful entities. For them, keeping it in a clean, sealed container is a simple way of saving their family members lives from any sickness that may acquire from using contaminated water.

Distribution of Profile according to Toilet Ownership Table 43 presents the toilet ownership of the residents. It shows that 36.36% of the household does not have toilet facility and uses/ shares other toilet facility, 28.79% owns toilets, 21.21% owns a toilet and shares it to other household, and 13.64% does not have any toilet facility. Table 43 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Toilet Ownership Toilet Ownership Owned Owned & Shared None & Shared None/Anywhere Total Frequenc y 19 14 24 9 66 Percentage 28.79 21.21 36.36 13.64 100

The people is aware of their condition as per toilet ownership. However, they hold the same opinion that this type of project is costly and they will be needing assistance.

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They know that household sanitation is first and foremost a household responsibility and must be demand-responsive. They were able to recognize the need for an action since they know for themselves that shared ownership over a toilet facility is a threat to their own health. Distribution of Profile according to Toilet Facilities Table 44 presents the type of toilet facilities used by each household. It shows that most of the household have water sealed type of toilet which comprises 86.36%, 12.12% have unsanitary way of disposing their wastes while 1.52% uses pit privy type of toilet facility. Table 44 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Toilet Facilities Type of Toilet Facilities Water Sealed Pit Privy Unsanitary Total Frequency 57 1 8 66 Percentage 86.36 1.52 12.12 100

Majority has the water-sealed type of toilet facility not only for the reason that it increases user convenience but also in regards to its affect to their health since the use of water eliminates odor and washes away the contents of the pit. According to the people, it is easier for them to use he pour-flush. Sometimes, they utilize the so-called household waste water from their dishes. It is readily available and inexpensive. It is also according to them that water-sealed type removes their childrens fear of falling into the pit.
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Distribution of Profile according to Drainage System Table 45 presents the type of drainage system of the households in Purok Balakayo. 50% of the household have an open drainage system and 46.97% does not have drainage system. Thoes with blind drainage system were comprised of 3.03% of the total household. Table 45 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Drainage System Drainage System Open Blind None Total Frequency 33 2 31 66 Percentage 50 3.03 46.97 100

Open ditches are common among rural areas. People creates a long, narrow excavation in order for their household waste water to flow. However, those with trees and weed growth along the ditch slow down the water, causing excessive silting reducing the ditch capapcity. Thus, they have to clear them from the channel. Stagnant waters could turn into reservoir for the mosquitos to breed and reproduce threatening the health of the people living near this ditches. In order to avoid this kind of circumstance, the people collect their household waste water and use them to water their plants instead. Distribution of Profile according to Garbage Disposal Table 46 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
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in terms of Garbage Disposal Garbage Disposal Frequency Percentage Compost Pit 6 6.32 Anywhere 2 2.11 Burying 8 8.42 Burning 39 41.05 Dumping 10 10.53 Garbage Collector 30 31.57 Total 95 100 Table 46 shows the garbage disposal commonly practiced by the residents of the community. Based on the results gathered, 41.05% of the community practices burning, followed by the method of garbage collecting with a percentage of 31.57, next is dumping of garbages which comprises 10.53%, and 8.42% for burying. 6.32% disposes their garbage at the compost pit and lastly, there were 2 households or 2.11% whose garbage were disposed anywhere within the community premises. Proper waste disposal is one way of preventing the community from acquiring diseases. That is why, it is very significant that every household should practice this. Based on the result, most of them are just burning their garbage. This may imply hazard in terms of their health since they will be inhaling the smoke produced by burning and also, it contributes to the damaging of the ozone layer. Distribution of Profile according to Garbage Container Table 47 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Garbage Container Garbage Container With Cover Frequency 7 Percentage 10.61
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Without Cover Total

59 66

89.39 100

Table 47 shows the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo residents in terms of garbage container with or without cover. There were 59 households or 89.39% who does not use garbage container with cover. On the other hand, there were 10.61% of the total households who uses garbage containers with covers. Based on the results gathered, majority of the family have containers without cover and only few are using garbage containers with cover. This may indicate that most of the families are not aware of the relevance of proper waste disposal in preventing diseases and needs proper health education regrding this matter. Distribution of Profile according to Recycling Table 48 shows the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo residents in terms of recycling. There were 59.09% or 39 households answered yes while there were 40.91% answered no which it indicates that most of them practice recycling. Table 48 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Recycling Recycling Yes No Total Frequenc y 39 27 66 Percentage 59.09 40.91 100
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This indicates that the people in the community are aware of the importance of recycling in propagating a healthy environment. More than 50% of them are practicing this and it is a good indicator that this percentage could increase with proper education. Distribution of Profile according to Alcohol Drinking Table 49 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Alcohol Drinking Alcohol Drinking Occasional Mild Drinker ( 1 glass once or twice /month Occasional Moderate ( 2 glass once or twice /month Occasional Heavy Drinker (> 2 glass once or twice/ month) Mild Drinker ( 1 glass/ day) Moderate Drinker ( 2 glasses/ day) Heavy Drinker (> 2 glasses/ day) None Total Frequency 13 31 20 12 1 1 202 280 Percentage 4.64 11.07 7.14 4.29 0.36 0.36 72.14 100

Table 49 shows the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of alcohol drinking. Based on the results gathered, there are 72.14% none drinkers, 11.07% occasional moderate drinkers ( 2 glass once or twice /month), 7.14% for occasional heavy drinkers (> 2 glass once or twice/ month), 4.64% occasional mild drinkers ( 1 glass once or twice /month) and 0.36% for the mild drinker and moderate drinker.

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Based on the results gathered, majority of them are none drinkers which indicates that the people in the community are not used to drink alcohol and they are aware of what are those disadvantages or effects of alcohol to their health and they perceived that too much drinking alcohol is bad for their health. Distribution of Profile according to Cigarette Smoking Table 50 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Cigarette Smoking Smoking Mild Smoking (1-3 cigarretes/ day) Moderate Smoking (4-6 cigarretes/ day) Heavy Smoking (> cigarretes/ day) None Total Frequency 32 19 19 210 280 Percentage 11.42 6.79 6.79 75 100

The table shows the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo residents in terms of cigarette smoking. There are 75% who are none smokers, followed by 11.42% for mild smokers (1-3 cigarettes/ day), 6.79 % for moderate and heavy smokers. A big percentage of none smokers are there in the community which indicates that majority of them are aware of the ill effects of smoking that is why they are not engaging to it but the remaining 25% percent of smokers is still an alarming number. This implies that proper education regarding this matter should also be emphasized since even those none smokers are predisposed to illnesses that smoking may give through passive smoking.
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Distribution of Profile according to Common Illnesses Table 51 presents the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo residents in terms of common illnesses. Based on the results gathered, there are 36.84% for diarrhea and hypertension, 10.54% for amoebiasis and 5.26% for goiter, cyst and complication during pregnancy or childbirth. Table 51 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Common Illnesses Common Illness (From January 2011 onwards) Diarrhea Hypertension Goiter Cyst Complications during pregnacy or childbirth Amoebiasis Total Frequenc y 7 7 1 1 1 2 19 Percentage 36.84 36.84 5.26 5.26 5.26 10.54 100

This indicated that there were nineteen (19) persons being identified to experience illnesses in the community starting from January 2011 until its third quarter of the same year. These illnesses could serve as foundation and logic of interventions in public health and preventive medicine. With proper education and management and referral system on these illnesses, possible risks and complications as well as expensive hospitalization may be prevented. Distribution of Profile according to Common Manifestations

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Table 52 presents the frequency distribution residents in terms of common manifestations. The most common manifestation experienced by the community was fever with a percentage of 37.50%, followed by colds with a percentage of 23.03%, 22.37% for the cough, next is the loose bowel stools with 8.55%, 7.89% for the rashes and lastly for the abdominal pain with a percentage of 0.66%. Table 52 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Common Manifestations Common Manifestations (From January 2011 onwards) Fever Cold Loose bowel stools Abdominal Pain Cough Rashes Total Frequency 57 35 13 1 34 12 152 Percentage 37.50 23.03 8.55 0.66 22.37 7.89 100

Based on the gathered data, most people in the community experience fever, cold and cough. These common manifestations could be an early indication of a possible or existing illness. With proper education and intervention on these manifestations encountered, possible risks and complications may be prevented and less expensive medical care and further hospitalization may happen. Distribution of Profile according to Causes of Death

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Table 53 shows the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo residents in terms of cause of death. Based on the result tallied, the most common cause of death is premature delivery and abortion d/t preeclampsia with a percentage of 21.43%, followed by the pneumonia with a percentage of 14.29% and 7.14% for the fall, dehydration, liver disease, heart attack, brain tumor and ulcer. Table 53 Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of Causes of Death Cause of Death in the Family Pneumonia Premature Delivery Abortion d/t preeclampsia Fall Dehydration Liver Disease Heart Attack Brain Tumor Ulcer Total Frequency 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 14 Percentage 14.29 21.43 21.43 7.14 7.14 7.14 7.14 7.14 7.14 100

Based on the gathered data, the leading causes of death in the community were preventable if proper referral system, regular

medical/prenatal check-up and proper educations on health management were given emphasis. Although there were only fourteen cases of death being identified, these could be possible indication on what health care services to improve and to be developed within the community; thus, improving public health and community health offered to the people.

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