Venice Camille B.

Patricio

July 25, 2012

English Assignment:
1) What is a Sentence Fragment? Sentence fragments are groups of words that don't express a complete thought. They are only part of a sentence. A SENTENCE FRAGMENT fails to be a sentence in the sense that it cannot stand by itself. It does not contain even one independent clause. There are several reasons why a group of words may seem to act like a sentence but not have the wherewithal to make it as a complete thought. Examples: Having been arrested for what you did not do. In the Philippines, during the pre-colonial and Spanish era. 2) What are Fused Sentences? A Fused Sentence is a sentence in which two independent clauses are run together (or "fused") without an appropriate conjunction or mark of punctuation between them. A fused sentence is also called a run-on. Examples: Since we arrived, weve been experiencing troubles we had lots of fun because we met a lot of good people. Until today, Jane and I have been enemies for a year our long dispute was resolved because we forgave each other. 3) What is a Misplaced and a Dangling Modifier? a. Misplaced Modifier - An error that happens when the participial phrase is not attached to the word it modifies although that word is found in the sentence Examples: Hanging from the tree, the child reached for the mango. Rolling down the hill, Cookie ran for the ball. b. Dangling Modifier - The result of no word to logically modify. In other words, the modifier describes a word that doesnt appear in the sentence. Examples: Reading the novel, a chapter was finished. Aiming for the gold medal, the practices were done from sunrise to sunset. 4) What are Phrases? A phrase is a group of related words that lacks both a subject and a verb. Because it lacks a subject and a predicate it cannot act as a sentence. In linguistics, a phrase is a group of words (or sometimes a single word) that forms a constituent and so function as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence. A phrase is lower on the grammatical hierarchy than a clause. 5) What are the Different Kinds of Phrases?
1. Prepositional phrases, which begin with a preposition and include the object of the preposition.

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Examples: Their house under the bridge was completely destroyed by the fire. The monster is hiding behind the couch. Participial phrases, which begin with the participle and include the object of the participle or other words that are connected to the noun by the participle. Examples: Scoring the most points, the Blue Raccoons won the game. Posted on the board, the poster became the trending topic of the day. Gerund phrases, which begin with the gerund and include the object of the gerund or other words that are acting as the complete subject or complete object. Examples: Hunting for animals is prohibited in this area. Crying for food was the only language the baby knew. Infinitive phrases, which begin with an infinitive and include the object of the infinitive or other words that are acting as part of the phrase. Examples: To work abroad is his dream. To catch me whenever she falls is what she wanted. Verb phrases consist of a verb and all the related helping words. Verb phrases function as single-word verbs, to express action or to link subject and complement. Examples: I have been aiming for this gold medal all my life. Gina has never truly failed upon reaching her ambition. Absolute phrases are group of words that modifies an independent clause as a whole. They are also called "nominative absolutes," containing a noun phrase subject and a "partial" predicate. Absolute phrases resemble clauses, but the predicate is incomplete, with forms of the word "be" being deleted from the phrase. Absolute phrases function as a type of modifier that explains more about the general circumstances occurring in the main clause. They may be placed at almost any position in the sentence. Examples: Tail wagging, our puppy Coby excitedly meet us at the doorway. Their fingers crossed, the team listened for the announcement of the champion. Appositive phrase is one that uses appositive. An appositive is a noun or pronoun placed next to another noun or pronoun to identify, rename or explain it. Examples: Ernest Hemmingway, the famous writer, wrote that quote using the art of insult. Dr. Faulkner, the school principal, approved our request.

6) What are Clauses? In grammar, a clause is a group of related words containing a subject and a verb; it is the smallest grammatical unit that can express a complete proposition. A clause may be either a sentence (an independent clause) or a sentence-like construction within another sentence (a dependent clause). 7) What are the Kinds of Clauses?
1. Main clauses are group of words made up of a subject and a predicate. A main clause (unlike a dependent or subordinate clause) can stand alone as a sentence. A main clause is also known as an independent clause. Examples: The canary birds chirped on the first day of spring. The milk was spilled when the clumsy boy tripped. Subordinate clauses or Adverbial clauses begin with a subordinating conjunction (such as if, when, because, or although) and includes a subject and a predicate. They are dependent clauses used as an adverb within a sentence to indicate time, place, condition, contrast, concession, reason, purpose, or result. Examples: Although he knew he was wrong, he kept on sulking and wont listen to his parents. We didnt go to the beach because the weather went blue.

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Comparative clause is a type of subordinate clause that follows the comparative form of an adjective or adverb and begins with as, than, or like. "Dianne is undoubtedly prettier than I.

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Comparative clause is a subordinate clause that serves to complete the meaning of a noun or verb in a sentence. Also known as a complement phrase "One of the causes of worsening ailments is the belief that quack doctors can actually cure an individual.

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Conditional clause is a type of adverbial clause that states a hypothesis or condition, real or imagined. It may be introduced by the subordinating conjunction if or another conjunction, such as unless or in case of. "Unless you wanted finish your project, you wont stop sulking there.

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Relative clauses or Adjectival clauses begin with a relative pronoun or a relative adverb, followed by a subject and a verb, or relative pronoun followed by a verb. They are dependent clauses that used as an adjective within a sentence. Examples: When Peter walked on the water, the apostles were astonished. Robert was the one who caught the thief. Noun clauses are dependent clauses that functions as a noun (that is, as a subject, object, or complement) within a sentence. Also known as a nominal clause. Examples: I believed what she said. I didnt know that he can play tennis that good.