MECHANICAL - Tube Heat Exchangers

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification
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XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

DESIGN GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER DESIGN CRITERIA
Page
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 GENERAL...................................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 PURPOSE......................................................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 DEFINITIONS...............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.3.1 COMPANY - THE XXXXX NATIONAL OIL COMPANY (XXXXX).........................................................................................1
1.3.2 CONCESSION REQUEST - A DEVIATION REQUESTED BY THE CONTRACTOR OR VENDOR, USUALLY AFTER RECEIVING THE
CONTRACT PACKAGE OR PURCHASE ORDER . OFTEN, IT REFERS TO AN AUTHORIZATION TO USE , REPAIR, RECONDITION , RECLAIM , OR RELEASE
MATERIALS , COMPONENTS OR EQUIPMENT ALREADY IN PROGRESS OR COMPLETELY MANUFACTURED BUT DOES NOT MEET OR COMPLY WITH
XXXXX REQUIREMENTS . A CONCESSION REQUEST IS SUBJECT TO PMT APPROVAL........................................................................1
1.3.3 CONTRACTOR - THE PARTY WHICH CARRIES OUT ALL OR PART OF THE DESIGN, ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT, CONSTRUCTION,
COMMISSIONING OR MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT................................................................................................................................1
1.3.4 MANUFACTURER/VENDOR - THE PARTY WHICH MANUFACTURERS AND/OR SUPPLIES EQUIPMENT, TECHNICAL
DOCUMENTS /DRAWINGS AND SERVICES TO PERFORM THE DUTIES SPECIFIED BY XXXXX/CONTRACTOR....................................................1
1.3.5 PROJECT - XXXXX OGD PROJECT 1219 - PHASE II........................................................................................................1
1.3.6 PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEAM (PMT) - THE COMPANY AUTHORIZED PARTY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OVERALL DAY-TO-DAY
EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT. THE PMT IS TO SERVE AS THE LIAISON BETWEEN THE COMPANY AND THE CONTRACTOR(S ) ON THE
PROJECT.............................................................................................................................................................................................1
1.3.7 SHALL - INDICATES A MANDATORY REQUIREMENT...........................................................................................................................1
1.3.8 SUBCONTRACTOR - THE PARTY(S) WHICH CARRY(S) OUT ALL OR PART OF THE DESIGN, PROCUREMENT, INSTALLATION AND TESTING
OF THE SYSTEM (S) AS SPECIFIED BY THE CONTRACTOR/VENDOR.....................................................................................................2
1.4 EXCEPTIONS...............................................................................................................................................................................2
2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS....................................................................................................................................................2
3.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS.................................................................................................................................................2
4.0 DOCUMENT PRECEDENCE................................................................................................................................................2
5.0 SPECIFICATION DEVIATION/CONCESSION CONTROL.........................................................................................3
6.0 DESIGN.......................................................................................................................................................................................3
6.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................................................................................3
6.2 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................................................................7
TUBE OD.............................................................................................................................................................................................9
CARBON STEEL AND LOW ALLOYS..........................................................................................................................................9
HIGH ALLOYS...................................................................................................................................................................................9
15.88 MM *.............................................................................................................................................................................................9
(0.625) IN...............................................................................................................................................................................................9
(MIN. WALL)......................................................................................................................................................................................9
2.11 MM.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
(0.083) IN...............................................................................................................................................................................................9
(MIN. WALL)......................................................................................................................................................................................9
1.65 MM.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
(0.065) IN...............................................................................................................................................................................................9
19.05.MM...............................................................................................................................................................................................9
(0.75) IN.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
2.11 MM.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
(0.083) IN...............................................................................................................................................................................................9
1.65 MM.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
(0.065) IN...............................................................................................................................................................................................9

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25.4 MM.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
(1) IN......................................................................................................................................................................................................9
2.77 MM.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
(0.109) IN...............................................................................................................................................................................................9
2.41 MM.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
(0.095) IN...............................................................................................................................................................................................9
31.75 MM**...........................................................................................................................................................................................9
(1.25) IN.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
2.77 MM.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
(0.109) IN...............................................................................................................................................................................................9
2.41 MM.................................................................................................................................................................................................9
(0.095) IN...............................................................................................................................................................................................9
SHELL SIDE SERVICE...................................................................................................................................................................10
TUBE SIDE FOULING....................................................................................................................................................................10
M2HRC/K CAL
(FT2HRF/BTU)......................................................................................................................................................................................10
MIN. TUBE O.D................................................................................................................................................................................10
MM ( IN.)..............................................................................................................................................................................................10
PITCH, MM (IN.)..................................................................................................................................................................................10
AND LAYOUT..........................................................................................................................................................................................10
CLEAN*................................................................................................................................................................................................10
UP TO AND INCLUDING 0.0006 (0.003)...................................................................................................................................................10
19.05 (0.75)........................................................................................................................................................................................10
25.4 (1.0) 30......................................................................................................................................................................................10
CLEAN*................................................................................................................................................................................................10
OVER 0.0006 (0.003)...........................................................................................................................................................................10
25.4 (1)................................................................................................................................................................................................10
31.75 (1.25) 30..................................................................................................................................................................................10
FOULING*..............................................................................................................................................................................................10
UP TO AND INCLUDING 0.0006 (0.003)...................................................................................................................................................10
19.05 (0.75)........................................................................................................................................................................................10
25.4 (1) 90/45...................................................................................................................................................................................10
FOULING*..............................................................................................................................................................................................10
OVER 0.0006 (0.003)...........................................................................................................................................................................10
25.4 (1)................................................................................................................................................................................................10
31.75 (1.25) 90/45............................................................................................................................................................................10
7.0 MATERIALS............................................................................................................................................................................17
8.0 FABRICATION........................................................................................................................................................................17
9.0 TESTING...................................................................................................................................................................................17

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1.0 GENERAL
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This Specification establishes the criteria for the thermal design of standard TEMA
type Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers for the PROJECT. It also defines the minimum
process and mechanical data required for thermal and hydraulic design and
completion of Heat Exchanger Data Sheets (hereinafter referred to as Data Sheets).
1.2 PURPOSE
The purpose of this specification is to ensure consistency in selection and design of
TEMA type shell and tube heat exchangers for the XXXXX Onshore Gas Development
Project Phase II - Project N 1219.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of the specification, the following, definitions shall apply.
1.3.1
COMPANY - The XXXXX National Oil COMPANY (XXXXX).
1.3.2
CONCESSION REQUEST - A deviation requested by the CONTRACTOR or

VENDOR, usually after receiving the contract package or purchase order. Often, it
refers to an authorization to use, repair, recondition, reclaim, or release materials,
components or equipment already in progress or completely manufactured but does
not meet or comply with XXXXX requirements. A CONCESSION REQUEST is subject
to PMT approval.
1.3.3
CONTRACTOR - The party which carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of the PROJECT.
1.3.4
MANUFACTURER/VENDOR - The party which MANUFACTURERS and/or supplies

equipment, technical documents/drawings and services to perform the duties
specified by XXXXX/CONTRACTOR.
1.3.5
PROJECT - XXXXX OGD PROJECT 1219 - PHASE II.
1.3.6
PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEAM (PMT) - The COMPANY authorized party

responsible for the overall day-to-day execution of the PROJECT. The PMT is to serve
as the liaison between the COMPANY and the CONTRACTOR(s) on the PROJECT.
1.3.7
SHALL - Indicates a mandatory requirement.

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1.3.8
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SUBCONTRACTOR - The party(s) which carry(s) out all or part of the design,
procurement, installation and testing of the System(s) as specified by the
CONTRACTOR/VENDOR.
1.4 EXCEPTIONS
This specification does not apply to design of Double Pipe Heat Exchangers, Plate
Heat Exchangers, Water Cooled Surface Condensers, and Brazed Aluminium Fin
Heat Exchangers. For other special applications only part of this specification may be
relevant, subject to mutual agreement between VENDOR/MANUFACTURER and
COMPANY/CONTRACTOR.
2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS

Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association (TEMA) Standards, Seventh Edition,
1988 including 1990 Errata or the latest edition in force at the time of contract award
shall apply.
3.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

This section is not applicable to this Specification.
4.0 DOCUMENT PRECEDENCE

It shall be the VENDOR responsibility to be, or to become, knowledgeable of the
requirements of the referenced Codes and Standards.
The VENDOR shall notify the CONTRACTOR of any apparent conflict between this
specification, the related data sheets, the Codes and Standards and any other
specifications noted herein. Resolution and/or interpretation precedence shall be
obtained from the CONTRACTOR in writing before proceeding with the
design/manufacture.
In case of conflict, the order of precedence shall be:
a. Equipment Data Sheet(s)
b. Equipment Narrative Specification or Design criteria.
c. PROJECT Specifications and Standards
d. Industry Codes and Standards

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5.0 SPECIFICATION DEVIATION/CONCESSION CONTROL

Any technical deviations to the Purchase Order and its attachments including, but not
limited to, the Data Sheets and Narrative Specifications shall be sought by the
VENDOR only through CONCESSION REQUEST format.
CONCESSION
REQUESTS require CONTRACTORS and COMPANYS review/approval, prior to the
proposed technical changes being implemented. Technical changes implemented
prior to COMPANY approval are subject to rejection.
6.0 DESIGN
6.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.1.1
Definitions
Clean Service shall satisfy the following conditions:
e. Fouling resistance less than or equal to 0.00041 m2hrC/kcal (0.002 ft2 hr F/Btu).
f.
Where chemical cleaning is proven effective for fouling factors exceeding

0.00041 m2hrC/kcal, such cases shall be identified and approved by
COMPANY. Once approved, they shall be treated as Clean Service.
Fouling Service shall include all services not otherwise defined as clean service, or
where mechanical cleaning is required.
6.1.2
Process Data
In addition to heat duty, fluid identity, flow rates, design pressures and temperatures,
operating pressures and temperatures, allowable pressure drops, material of
construction and exchanger type and setting, the process data shall include but not be
limited to the following:
6.1.2.1
Sensible Heat Transfer Service

g. Vapor and Gas
h. Density, thermal conductivity, specific heat and viscosity at two reference
temperatures, molecular weight and hydrogen partial pressure.
i.
Liquid
Density, thermal conductivity, specific heat and viscosity at two reference

temperatures. For liquid streams having a high viscosity, a third viscosity
data point at an intermediate temperature or viscosity/temperature
correlation is desirable, except that when the viscous liquid is being cooled,
the third data point should be at the average temperature of the opposing
stream.

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6.1.2.2
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Physical properties of hydrocarbon streams shall be weighted to include the

effect of miscible water, and shall be so specified.
Immiscible or free water shall be shown on the Data Sheet. Fluid properties
shall not be weighted to include immiscible water.
Condensing Service
j.
Physical property requirements shall be the same as for sensible heat transfer
plus the bubble point, dew point, latent heat, quantity and molecular weight
of noncondensible gas and quantity of steam when present. Vapor physical
properties shall be weighted for the entire vapor phase mixture. For cases
where H2 content is more than 10 mol percent, vapor mixture physical
properties shall be given under three referenced temperatures. Latent heat
for a steam/hydrocarbon mixture shall be for the hydrocarbon only.
k. Data sheets shall state if condensation is linear.

l.
For non-linear heat release services, a plot with duty, weight percent vapor and
molecular weight versus temperature shall be provided.
m. When fluid entering exchanger is a vapor mixture at its dew point temperature,
liquid properties shall also be given at that temperature unless sensible heat
is 10 percent or less of total duty.
6.1.2.3
Boiling Service
n. Physical property requirements shall be the same as for sensible heat transfer
plus liquid surface tension, mixture bubble point and dew point, critical
pressure and temperature and latent heat.
o. The Process Engineer shall provide tables or curves showing vapor temperature
and fraction vaporized at two constant reference pressures between bubble
point and dew point, with three additional points between. The three
additional points must be close to the operating range.
For pure
components or in cases with very narrow boiling ranges only vapor
pressures at two temperatures need be provided.
p. For non-linear heat release services, a plot with duty, molecular weight and weight
percent vapor versus temperature shall be provided.
q. For kettle reboilers, the required entrainment ratio (kg liq/kg vapor) shall be
provided, including steam purity for steam generators.
r.
For thermosyphon reboilers complete piping geometry between the fractionating

column and the reboiler must be analyzed, together with the available static
head.

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6.1.2.4
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Corrosion Allowance
s. For all exchanger parts, except tubes, the materials of construction and corrosion
allowance shall be selected to give exchangers a design service life of 30
years being in accordance with PROJECT Specifications. Corrosion
allowance shall be specified on the Data Sheets.
t.
Tubes shall have a design life of 100000 hours and where necessary to achieve
this, corrosion allowance for tubes in high pressure service shall be
specified.
u. Corrosion allowance for nozzles and manholes shall be equal to that specified for
shell/head. Standard corrosion allowance for carbon and low alloy steels
shall be 3 mm. Where a larger corrosion allowance is required this will be
shown on the data sheets.
6.1.2.5
Fouling
Fouling factors and cleaning requirements shall be specified on the Data Sheets.
6.1.2.6
Nozzle Sizes
Where practical, the exchanger nozzles shall be designed to match the line sizes
provided that exchanger thermal, vibration and hydraulic requirements are met, and
that TEMA entrance and exit velocity criteria are satisfied.
6.1.2.7
Excess Heat Transfer Surface

Any requirements for excess surface must be fully explained on the data sheet, with
instruction on effect on flow, temperatures and pressure drops if these are to differ
from those listed on the data sheets. It is insufficient to add notes such as provide 10
percent excess surface.
6.1.2.8
Design Temperature and Pressure

v. All parts of the tube bundle including floating head shall be designed for either full
tube side internal pressure or full shell side external pressure, whichever
condition is controlling. Differential pressure shall not be used as design
basis unless specified.
w. In selecting design temperatures for multiple exchangers in series, consideration
shall be given to the maximum or minimum temperature, on each side of
each exchanger, that results from either fouled or clean operation.
x. The differential between the inlet and outlet operating temperatures of a shell side
fluid should not exceed 200C (400F) per shell.
y. The differential between the inlet and outlet operating temperatures of channels of
multipass exchangers should not exceed 120C (250F) per exchanger.

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z. For the determination of the design pressure on the low pressure side, the greater
of the initial design pressure on the low pressure side or 2/3 of the design
pressure on the high pressure side shall be taken. However, if it is
economic to maintain the initial design pressure on the low pressure side by
installing a relief device, this may be considered. The size of the relief
device shall be determined based on a possible tube rupture. The size of
the leak shall be taken twice the internal cross-sectional area of one tube.
aa. For heat exchangers in series, individual shells of a unit may have different design
temperatures for economy in material selection. Where this applies,
measures shall be taken to prevent incorrect line-up of shells within the unit.
bb. The effect of the temperature profile over a thick wall tubesheet not being linear
shall be taken into account because this may have a large consequence on
the mean metal temperature as well as on the temperature gradient and
stresses within the tubesheet.
cc. Minimum design pressure shall be Identified on data sheets.
dd. Both, Design Temperature (DT) and Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT)
shall be identified on Data Sheets.
6.1.2.9
Allowable Pressure Drop

Allowable pressure drop shown on the Data Sheet shall be for clean service.
6.1.3
Mechanical Data
The complete Data Sheets shall include the following information, as a minimum:
ee. Process data (including heat release curves, when applicable).
ff. Parameters defining exchangers thermal performance (i.e. heat transfer
coefficients, calculated pressure drops, Mean Temperature Difference, etc.).
gg. Definition of exchangers type and orientation.
hh. Identification of any special design considerations.
ii. Outline drawing, defining overall dimensions, required maintenance clearances,
locations of vents, drains and any other non-process connections, process
nozzles size, rating, location and projection, saddles location and
projections, location and sizing of the anchor bolts, flow direction.
jj. Definition of internals, like baffle spacing, or internal expansion joints.
kk. Tube layout including as a minimum: number of tubes, tube diameter, outer tube
limit (OTL), baffle cut, baffle orientation, sealing and sliding strips, tie rod
location and size, definition of impingement protection (if required),
schematic identification of the shellside nozzle size.

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ll. Identification of materials and corrosion allowances.

mm.Identification of special services and NDE requirements.
nn. Identification of PMI requirements.
6.2 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
6.2.1
TEMA Class Selection
All shell and tube heat exchangers for this PROJ

shall be in accordance with TEMA class R.
6.2.2
Exchanger Type Selection
6.2.2.1
Front/Rear Head Selection
Launch Microsoft O ffice O utlook.lnk
ECT
oo. In general, bonnet Type B should be used for the front end stationary head. For
water-cooled exchangers where frequent tube side cleaning is anticipated
and the tube side design pressure is less than 10 bar g, the front end
stationary head shall be Type A.
pp. Rear end head Type M should be used for fixed tubesheet designs. However, for
heat exchangers with a Type A front end stationary head and an odd
number of tube passes Type L shall be selected.
qq. Rear end head Type S should be used for floating head type heat exchangers with
a nominal shell diameter of more than DN 250. Alternative construction
would need to be considered for diameters up to DN 250. Rear end head
Type T shall be used for a kettle type heat exchanger with floating head.
rr. High pressure or other design requirements may justify deviation from the
guidelines shown.
6.2.2.2
Use of Fixed Tubesheet (non removable bundle) Exchangers

ss. Use of fixed tubesheet exchangers requires prior approval by the COMPANY.
tt. Nonremovable bundle exchangers may be used in clean shell side service where
a shell expansion joint is not required. The use of shell side expansion joints
is not permitted.
uu. The differential expansion between shell and tubes of a fixed tubesheet exchanger
shall be based on the controlling metal temperatures, either clean or one
side fouled.

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vv. The maximum controlling differential temperature between the tube and shell side
during operation, start-up, shutdown or steamout shall be stated on the data
sheet and used to determine the requirement for an expansion joint and
tubesheet thickness on a fixed tubesheet heat exchanger. If design
consideration result in expansion joint being required, removable bundle
type shall be selected.
6.2.2.3
Use of U-Tube Bundles

U-tube bundles shall be used only for the Clean Service on the tubeside as defined in
para 6.1.1. Other design considerations may govern, but require prior approval by the
COMPANY.
6.2.2.4
Shell Selection
The single-pass shell, Type E, shall be selected for general duties, except as indicated
below:
ww.Where the shell side pressure drop is a restricting factor, the divided flow shell
Type J or cross-flow shell Type X or double-split flow shell Type H, should
be considered.
xx. For horizontal shell side thermosyphon reboilers, Type G, J, X, or Type H should
be selected.
yy. The kettle type shell, Type K, should be selected for boiling where almost 100%
vaporization (0-5% entrainment) or where a phase separation is required.
zz. The use of TEMA Type F shells with removable bundles is discouraged unless
there are considerable economic savings or design advantages. Limit shell
side pressure drop to 0.48 bar (7.0 psi) per shell and temperature differential
between shell inlet and shell outlet to 140C (250F).
6.2.2.5
Horizontal and Vertical Exchangers

aaa.Heat exchangers should be of the horizontal type; however, for process
requirements or where cleaning and other maintenance will be infrequent or
space requirements make it more attractive, the vertical arrangement may
be considered.
bbb.For thermosyphon reboilers, vertical or horizontal orientation may be used. The
choice of orientation shall take into consideration the total installed cost,
maintenance costs, fouling characteristics of both fluids and avoidance of
vibration problems.
ccc.When horizontal arrangements are preferred, the stacking of exchangers should
be considered to conserve space in the structure. Preferred stacking should
be 2 (two) shells high.

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6.2.3
Tube Bundle
6.2.3.1
Maximum Size
ddd.Maximum sizes shall be as shown below. Larger sizes may be considered to
realize economic or design advantages. Larger sizes must be approved by
the COMPANY
The maximum straight length tubes shall be 7315 mm (24 feet), except that for
fixed tube sheet bundles a maximum length of 18,300 mm (60 ft) may be
considered in order to obtain sufficient velocity of flow on the tube side for
clean service applications, subject to COMPANY approval on a case by case
basis.
The maximum bundle diameter for removable bundle exchanges shall be 1,524
mm (60 in). The maximum removable bundle weight shall be 18,140 kg
(40,000 lb). The ratio of tube length to bundle outer diameter shall be less
than 10:1.
eee.Standard straight lengths for tubes shall be as follows:

Millimeters
2440
3050
3660
4880
6100
7315
(Feet)
(8)
(10)
(12)
(16)
(20)
(24)
fff. The preferred tube lengths are 3050, 3660, 4880 and 6100 mm
ggg.Selection of different tube lengths then above for U-tubes may be considered
when economically justified, subject to company approval.
hhh.The maximum tube length for vertical thermosyphon reboilers shall be 6100 mm
(20 ft).
6.2.3.2
Tube Diameters and Gauges

The following table specifies bare tube diameters and minimum permissible gauges
(BWG).
TUBE OD
15.88 mm*
(0.625) in
19.05.mm
(0.75) in
25.4 mm
(1) in
31.75 mm**
(1.25) in
CARBON STEEL AND

LOW ALLOYS
(MIN. WALL)
2.11 mm
(0.083) in
2.11 mm
(0.083) in
2.77 mm
(0.109) in
2.77 mm
(0.109) in
HIGH ALLOYS
(MIN. WALL)
1.65 mm
(0.065) in
1.65 mm
(0.065) in
2.41 mm
(0.095) in
2.41 mm
(0.095) in

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Allowed only for clean gas condensing in tubes. Requires prior approval by COMPANY.
** Use of 31.75 mm OD tubes requires prior approval by COMPANY.

6.2.3.3
Tube Diameter, Pitch and Layout

The following table defines criteria for selection of tube diameter, pitch and layout:
SHELL SIDE
SERVICE
TUBE SIDE
FOULING
MIN. TUBE
O.D.
PITCH, mm (in.)
m2hrC/k cal
(ft2hrF/Btu)
mm ( in.)
Clean*
Up to and including
0.0006 (0.003)
19.05 (0.75)
25.4 (1.0) 30
Clean*
Over 0.0006 (0.003)
25.4 (1)
31.75 (1.25) 30
Fouling*
Up to and including
0.0006 (0.003)
19.05 (0.75)
25.4 (1) 90/45
Fouling*
Over 0.0006 (0.003)
25.4 (1)
31.75 (1.25)
90/45
and layout
As defined in para 6.1.1

Exceptions to the above table are as follows:
iii. The pitch and layout guidelines shown above are the minimum starting points for
economic design. Larger pitch or different layout patterns may be required
to satisfy pressure drop or boiling flux requirements.
jjj. Tube pitch for heavy wall tubes shall not be less than the recommended values in
TEMA Table R-7.42.
kkk.Rotated square layouts (45) are preferable for Laminar Flow. In turbulent flow,
especially for pressure drop-limited cases, square layout (90) is preferred.
6.2.3.4
Baffles and Support Plates

lll. Permissible types of transverse baffles are segmental, double segmental and the
segmental type having no tubes in the window area.

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mmm.Horizontal cut baffles are preferred for most services, including two phase flow
with vapor generation. Vertical cut should be used for condensing vapors,
liquids containing suspended solids, and in TEMA F, G and H shells.
Regardless of baffle orientation, vaporizing flow in the shellside should be
designed to be in shear flow rather than gravity flow.
nnn.Baffle cut perpendicular to nozzle centerline (normally horizontal cut) is preferred
for single phase fluids. Where shellside inlet nozzle has 180 rotation from
shellside outlet nozzle, the number of shellside crosspasses must be odd for
segmental baffles.
ooo.The minimum baffle cut for segment baffles shall be 15 percent of the shell inside
diameter.
ppp.All U-tube bundles shall have full support plate at u-bend. The full support plate
shall be trimmed to the extent defined by the baffles outline (on top and
bottom) but covering the full tube layout.
6.2.3.5
Bundle Rotation
Where possible, without decreasing the thermal performance of exchanger, the
carbon steel U-tube bundles shall be designed to allow their operation after being
placed back into exchanger, following 180 rotation around their longitudinal axis.
6.2.3.6
Tubesheet
All removable bundles used with B type front head shall have their stationary
tubesheets extended to be equal to shell flange outside diameter. Tubesheet
thickness must be sufficient to eliminate a need for test rings.
Removable bundles used with A type front head do not need to have full diameter
tubesheets.
6.2.3.7
Maximum Unsupported Tube Length

The maximum unsupported tube span shall not be more than 0.8 times the values
shown on TEMA Table RCB-4.52.
6.2.3.8
Finned Tubes
Wolverine type S/T (or equal) low and medium height integral fin tubes are acceptable
under the following conditions, but require COMPANY approval:
qqq.The shell side fouling resistance using low fin tubes does not exceed 0.0002 m2hr
C/kcal. Medium height fin tubes are to be used only in gas services with
fouling not greater than 0.0002 m2 m C/kcal.
The shell side stream is boiling or in the turbulent regime.

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The shell side stream is a clean cooling/condensing service. The number of

fins per meter shall not exceed 748 for liquid/condensing service and 1025
for gas service.
rrr. Their application is economically attractive. As a general guidelines, the heat

transfer coefficients, when corrected for fouling, show the shell side
controlling by a ratio of 2:1 or more for low fin tubes and 3:1 or more for
medium high fin. To avoid fretting of the tubes in baffle/support plates, the
baffle, support plates shall have a thickness in accordance with TEMA Table
R-4.41; however, the minimum thickness shall not be less than 13 mm.
sss.High-finned tubing is not permitted.
ttt. Longitudinally-finned tubes are only allowed for double-pipe heat exchangers.
This will normally be high-finned tubing.
6.2.3.9
U-Tube Bundle Bend Radius

Bends with radius R <1.5 times nominal tube OD are not permitted.
6.2.4
Water-Cooled Coolers
6.2.4.1
The following shall apply to water-cooled coolers:

Cooling water shall be placed on the tube side and should run upwards through the
tubes in order to avoid gas build-up. The tube side velocity should be as specified in
this specification. The tube side shall be maintained at an atmospheric over-pressure
so that air cannot separate from/be sucked into the water.
6.2.4.2
Cooling Water Velocity

Tube side velocity for chilled water shall not exceed the maximum listed below and
preferably should not be below the minimum.
uuu.Tube Material
www.Carbon and Low Alloy Steel
vvv.Velocity m/s (FPS)

xxx.1.0 - 1.8
yyy.(3-6)
zzz.Austenitic Stainless Steel
aaaa.2.0 4.5
bbbb.(6.5 - 13)
cccc.Titanium
dddd.0.92 4.57
eeee.(3-15)
ffff. Inhibited Admiralty
gggg.0.92 2.74
hhhh.(3-9)
iiii. 70-30 Cu-Ni
jjjj. 1.0 - 3.0
kkkk.(3-10)
llll. 90-10 Cu-Ni
mmmm.1.0
- 2.5
nnnn.(3.8)
oooo.Alum. Brass, Alum. Bronze
pppp.1.0 2.1
qqqq.(3.7)

RP
Activit - Unit
Code Matriel
N ordre
Rv.
5293D001
0610
002

rrrr.Monel
ssss.1.8 3.5
tttt. (6 - 11.5)
uuuu.Incoloy 825, Carpenter 20

CB3
vvvv.1.52 3.66
wwww.(5-12)
Page
13

RP
Activit - Unit
Code Matriel
N ordre
Rv.
5293D001
0610
002

6.2.5
Page
14
Tube/Shell Side Selection

In general, tube side/shell side selection shall be made to satisfy as many as possible
of th following points, unless otherwise indicated on Data Sheets:
Service
Shell Side
Cooling Water
Tube Side
X
Condensing Vapors (except

steam)
Lower Allowable P
Larger Flow and Similar

Properties
Higher Pressure Fluids
Corrosive Fluids/Alloy
Construction
*High Fouling Factors
High Viscosity/Laminar Flow
* If chemical cleaning can be utilized, the fouling fluid may be placed on the shell side.
6.2.6
Special Applications
6.2.6.1
Slurry Handling
Slurry services shall be routed through the tube side of the exchanger.
Minimum tube size shall be 25.4 mm (1 in.) OD at 2.77 mm (0.109 in.) (BWG) wall
thickness.
Velocity limits for cycle oil containing catalyst fine shall be as listed below.
optimum velocity is 1.75 m/sec (5.75 ft/sec).
xxxx.Velocity m/s (FPS)

Maximum
Minimum
Straight tube
21.3
(7.0)
1.14
(3.75)
U-tube
1.75
(5.75)
1.14
(3.75)
Straight tube construction is recommended.

Slurry flow shall be horizontal or downward.
The

RP
Activit - Unit
Code Matriel
N ordre
Rv.
5293D001
0610
002

6.2.6.2
Page
15
HF Acid/Lethal Service
To minimize chances of acid leakage into the process area, exchanger design shall
provide as few joint closures as practical.
6.2.6.3
Pulsating Flow on Shell Side

Maximum unsupported tube length for vapor or 2-phase flow shall be 914 mm (36
inches).
Design shall include adequate impingement protection plate or a distributor belt so
that V2 into a bundle shall not exceed 744 kg/(m.sec2) (500 lb/(ft.sec2)).
6.2.7
Kettle-Type Reboilers and Evaporators

The shell diameter depends on the required vapor escape area above the tube
bundle. Vapor velocities shall nowhere exceed the maximum vapor velocity
determined by the entrainment requirements.
These entrainment requirements shall be specified in Data Sheets. The entrainment
coefficient shall be calculated per HTRI-RKH3 manual, page 3-28 and used in the
RKH3 program to size the vapor space. Other methods may be used with COMPANY
approval.
The design shall take into account that frothing is likely to occur above the liquid level.
An allowance 125 mm shall be made for this frothing. The height of the escape area
above the frothing allowance shall be at least 250 mm.
Minimum of two (2) vapor outlet nozzles shall be used for bundles longer than 4880
mm (16 ft).
The entry for vapor/liquid mixtures shall be above the boiling pool. Provision shall be
made to separate the vapor phase from the liquid phase by using a deflector baffle,
spider pipe or other suitable means.
A device recommended for distributing the liquid/vapor mixture above the froth bed is
the spider pipe arrangement shown in Figure 1 below:
Figure 1.
SPIDER PIPES

RP
Activit - Unit
Code Matriel
N ordre
Rv.
5293D001
0610
002

Page
16
The requirements for spider pipes are as follows:

yyyy.Located at the position of lowest vapor generation
zzzz.The mixed vapor/liquid stream should direct downwards against the shell wall to
promote separation of the liquid and vapor.
aaaaa.No holes in the direct path from the inlet nozzle
bbbbb.The velocity head in the inlet nozzle shall be 4000 kg/m/sec2 maximum
ccccc.The velocity head in the spider header shall be 1000 kg/m/sec2 maximum
ddddd.The velocity head in the holes shall be 4000 kg/m/sec2 maximum
If considered necessary, provision shall be made for cleaning the spider.

A vortex breaker shall be provided for the liquid outlet nozzles.
If the liquid level is to be maintained at a fixed height, a weir shall be installed between
the boiling compartment and the rundown compartment to keep the bundle
submerged. The top of the weir shall be at least 25 mm above the top of the bundle.
Unless required by process considerations, drain holes are not permitted in this weir.
If the liquid level is to be controlled by instrumentation, a calming baffle shall be
installed to prevent boiling turbulence from affecting the level instruments.
The liquid space shall be determined by the liquid hold-up requirements.
A distance of 50 mm minimum shall be maintained between the bottom of the bundle
and the bottom inside diameter of the shell so as not to obstruct liquid re-circulation
into the bundle.
6.2.8
Venting and Draining of Exchangers

All shell and tube exchangers, including vertical units, shall be provided with vents and
drains allowing complete draining and venting of shell side and tube side of
exchangers, after hydrotest in-situ.
Vertical fixed tubesheet exchangers shall have vent and drain passages drilled
through the tubesheet to exit at the outside edge of the tubesheet to ensure complete
venting and draining of the shell. Connections should preferably be 2 (DN50). This
may be reduced to a minimum of 1 (DN25) in case of thin tubesheets.
For stacked exchangers of the same service, hydrotest in-situ can be performed in
stacked position, but each shell shall be completely drainable and ventable.
Separate vents and drains on exchangers are not necessary if hydrotest in-situ and
subsequent draining and venting of exchangers can be accomplished through piping
connections or line breaks.

RP
Activit - Unit
Code Matriel
N ordre
Rv.
5293D001
0610
002

6.2.9
Page
17
Design for Interchangeability

Design of shell and tube heat exchangers for the PROJECT shall target maximum
interchangeability of complete units or components.
6.2.10
Shell Diameter
Up to nominal diameter of 500 mm (20 in) line pipe shall be used.
For shells rolled from plate, the nominal shell diameter is the shell inside diameter.
For shells rolled from plate, inside diameters should be changed in 10 mm increments
during thermal design or sizing. This requirement can be deviated from in case of
high pressure application and when it is economically justified.
6.2.11
Maximum Number of Tube Passes

The maximum number of tube passes shall be 16 for any given heat exchanger.
7.0 MATERIALS
Materials selection shall be indicated on the PROJECT equipment Data Sheets.
8.0 FABRICATION
PROJECT equipment Data Sheets shall indicate any special fabrication requirements.
9.0 TESTING
PROJECT equipment Data Sheets shall indicate any special testing requirements.

MECHANICAL - Tube Heat Exchangers

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REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

COMPANY - The XXXXX National Oil COMPANY (XXXXX).

CONCESSION REQUEST - A deviation requested by the CONTRACTOR or

MANUFACTURER/VENDOR - The party which MANUFACTURERS and/or supplies

PROJECT - XXXXX OGD PROJECT 1219 - PHASE II.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEAM (PMT) - The COMPANY authorized party

SHALL - Indicates a mandatory requirement.

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

2.0 CODES AND STANDARDS

3.0 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

4.0 DOCUMENT PRECEDENCE

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

5.0 SPECIFICATION DEVIATION/CONCESSION CONTROL

Where chemical cleaning is proven effective for fouling factors exceeding

Sensible Heat Transfer Service

Density, thermal conductivity, specific heat and viscosity at two reference

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

Physical properties of hydrocarbon streams shall be weighted to include the

k. Data sheets shall state if condensation is linear.

For thermosyphon reboilers complete piping geometry between the fractionating

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

Excess Heat Transfer Surface

Design Temperature and Pressure

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

Allowable Pressure Drop

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

ll. Identification of materials and corrosion allowances.

TEMA Class Selection

All shell and tube heat exchangers for this PROJ

Exchanger Type Selection

Front/Rear Head Selection

Launch Microsoft O ffice O utlook.lnk

Use of Fixed Tubesheet (non removable bundle) Exchangers

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

Use of U-Tube Bundles

Horizontal and Vertical Exchangers

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

eee.Standard straight lengths for tubes shall be as follows:

Tube Diameters and Gauges

CARBON STEEL AND

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification

XXXXX ONSHORE GAS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT - PHASE II - PROJECT No. 1219

** Use of 31.75 mm OD tubes requires prior approval by COMPANY.

Tube Diameter, Pitch and Layout

Over 0.0006 (0.003)

25.4 (1) 90/45

Over 0.0006 (0.003)

As defined in para 6.1.1

Baffles and Support Plates

REGLE PARTICULIERE / Job Specification