PART I

GRAMMAR, STYLISTICS TRANSFORMATION

AC TIVE VOICE AND PASSIV E VOICE

(Doer)

(Receiver)

Passive Voice

(Receiver)
A.V

A.V

Active Voice

(Transitive Verb)

P.V

P.V

(1)

(Receiver)

(Doer)

(2) Verb

BE + V3

Tense

Person / Number
(3)

(Doer)

(4)

(Doer)

by

Verb

Someone, Somebody, Everyone, Everybody, People, We, They, All

he, she it
(5)

(Doer)

Nobody, No one

not

PASSIVE VERB FORM = VERB TO BE + V3

Tense

Active Voice

Passive Voice

1. Present
2. Past

V1 s/es/ies/V1
V2

am/is/are + V3
was/were + V3

3. Future
4. Present Continuous

will/shall + V1
am/is/are + Ving

will/shall + be V3
am/is/are + being V3

5. Past Continuous
6. Present Perfect

was/were + Ving
has/have + V3

was/were + being V3
has/have + being V3

7. Past Perfect
8. Future Perfect

had + V3
will/shall + have V3

had been + V3
will/shall + have been V3

9. Others

can/could/would/should/
may/might/must + V1

can/could/would/should/
may/might + be V1

10. Infinitive

am/is/are
has/have } + to V1

am/is/are
has/have } + to be V3

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Maung Maung

wrote

this letter

Doer

Verb

Receiver

(A.V)

Receiver

BE + V3

by

Doer

(P.V)

This letter

was written

by

Maung Maung

ACTIVE
1.
(1)

PASSIVE
STATEMENTS

Mg Mg writes this letter.

This letter is written by Mg Mg.

(2)

The boys are learning English.

English is being learned by the boys.

(3)

She has read the book.

The book has been read by her.

(4)

The teacher punished Thiha.

Thiha was punished by the teacher.

(5)

Ma Ma was washing the clothes.

The clothes were being washed by Ma Ma.

(6)

Ko Ko had written the letter when he went to bed.

The letter had been written by Ko Ko when he went to bed.

(7)

The boys will see the teacher tomorrow.

The teacher will be seen by the boys tomorrow.

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(8)

The girl can carry this busket alone.

This basket can be carried by the girl alone.

(9)

The students must obey the school discipline.

The school discipline must be obeyed by the students.

(10)

Father would scold me if I didn't come in time.

I would be scolded by father if I didn't come in time.

Exercise (1)
(1)

I eat two meals a day.

Two meals ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

A thief stole his bicycle last night.

His bicycle ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

We are learning English now.

English ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

I will read this book tonight.

This book ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

She should finish her homework this evening.

Her homework ----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(6)

The old woman was selling the mangoes.

The mangoes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(7)

The servant has swept the room.

The room ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(8)

Thazin wrote two letters yesterday.

Two letters -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(9)

My father will buy that house next month.

That house ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(10)

U Kyaw Kyaw writes two books a year.

Two books --------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

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(11)

Su Su can write a good essay in one hour.

A good essay -----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(12)

Myo Gyi will sing a new song this evening.

A new song -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(13)

She has answered all the questions.

All the questions -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(14)

His uncle is reading a newspaper now.

A newspaper -----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(15)

The boy must take away these books.

These books ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

NEGATIVE

2.

(Negative)
(1)

not

Verb to Be

She does not do homework regularly.

Homework is not done by her regularly.

(2)

Mother is not washing the dishes now.

The dishes are not being washed by mother now.

(3)

The maid has not cleaned the house yet.

The house has not been cleaned the maid yet.

(4)

Thin Thin did not watch the picture yesterday.

The pitcture was not watched by Thin Thin yesterday.

Exercise (2)
(1)

I did not beat him.

He ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

The boy does not help his parents.

His parents -----------------------------------------------------------------------.

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(3)

The police could not catch the thief last night.

The thief --------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

The teacher will not punish you if you try hard.

You --------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

A student must not disobey the discipline.

The discipline --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(6)

My uncle did not buy a new camera last year.

A new camera --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(7)

Our team did not win the match last week.

The match -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(8)

U Hla had not written his own story before he died.

His own story ---------------------------------------------------------------------.

(9)

This gentleman cannot speak English well.

English -----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(10)

The student should look over all the previous exercises again.
All the previous exercises -------------------------------------------------------.

QUESTIONS

3.

Do, Does, did

(1)

am, is, are, was, were,

Does your father read newspapers?

Are newspapers read by your father?

(2)

Does a cat like fish?

Is fish liked by a cat?

(3)

Do the students admire the Headmistress?

Is the Headmistress admire by the students?

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(4)

Is your mother cooking dinner now?

Is dinner cooking by your mother now?

(5)

Has the boy done his homework yet?

Has his homework been done by the boy yet?

(6)

Will you buy that house?

Will that house buy by you?

(7)

Can she speak French?

Can French speak by her?

(8)

Have you read today's newspaper?

Have today's newspaper been read by you?

(9)

Must I read this lesson by heart?

Must this lesson be read by heart by me?

(10)

Could the villagers build a hospital themselves?

Could a hospital build by the villagers themselves?

Exercise (3)
(1)

Do you speak English?

Is English -----------------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

Can I help you?

Can -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

Does she sew her own dress?

Is ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

Will the teacher teach a new lesson?

Will -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

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(5)

Is her mother scolding Thida now?

Is ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(6)

Has the old man pounded the rice yet?

Has -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(7)

Did your father weed the garden this week-end?

Was -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(8)

Did he place the new dresses in the cupboard?

Were -----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(9)

Would she study computer science if she had an opportunity?

Would ----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(10)

Have the daughters received the letters from their father?

Have ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

Question Words

Q Words

Q.W +

Helping V + Receiver + Main verb v3

(1)

How did the teacher honour the boy?

How was the boy honoured by the teacher?

(2)

Who has disobeyed the King's order?

By whom has the King's order been disobeyed?

(3)

What question did the examiner set?

What question was set by the examiner?

Receiver

what question

helping verb was

v3

set

(4)

Why did the father warn his son not to go out at night?
Why was the son warned by his father not to go out at night?

the
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Exercise (4)
(1)

Why have you taken this path?

Why ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

Where did she leave her child?

Where -----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

Why didn't they mend the roof before it fell in?

Why -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

Whose book is the teacher correcting?

Whose book ----------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

What did the man promise?

What -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(6)

Who will tell you the answer to the questions?

By whom --------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(7)

When will they clean up all the mess?

When -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(8)

Why did you scold and beat your sister?

Why was ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(9)

What removes the top soil which is rich in minerals?

By What ----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(10)

Why did the villagers dislike the tiger?

Why ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

4.
(Doer)
by
No one, Nobody

(1)

People speak English all over the world.

English is spoken all over the world.

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(2)

They built the Thanlyin Bridge a few years ago.

T he Thanlyin Bridge was built a few years ago.

(3)

You must write the answers on both sides of the paper.

The answers must be written on both sides of the paper.

(4)

No one uttered a sound.

A sound was not uttered.

(5)

No one can do anything before she comes.

Nothing can be done before she comes.

(6)

Nobody has ever seen such a show before.

Such a show has never seen before.

(7)

People are not allowed to smoke in the cinema hall.

No one is allowed to smoke in the cinema hall.

5,6,7

not

Exercise (5)
(1)

People always admire this picture.

This picture ---------------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

Someone has broken two of my dinner-plates.

Tow of ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

One uses milk for making butter and cheese.

Milk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

He hurt his leg in an accident.

His leg ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

No one has opened that box for the last hundred years.
That box -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

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(6)

They fought a big battle here two hundred years ago.

A big battle ----------------------------------------------------------------------.

(7)

People will forget it in a few years time.

It -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(8)

Somebody has invited you to lunch tomorrow.

You ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(9)

No one has ever beaten him at tennis.

He -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(10)

One praises a pupil when he works hard.

A pupil -----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(11)

Somebody left the dog in the garden.

The dog ----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(12)

We shall discuss the matter tomorrow.

The matter -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(13)

No one fed the children this morning.

The children ------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(14)

Nobody heard a sound.

A sound ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(15)

Somebody can do it.

It ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(16)

He wrote the book beautifully.

The book -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(17)

Everyone must leave (their) hats and cloaks in the cloak room.
(Their) hats -----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(18)

Nowadays people use computers almost all over the world.

Nowadays computers ------------------------------------------------------------------.

(19)

They grow a lot of wheat in America.

A lot of wheat ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(20)

They always repaint the roof of their house in April.

The roof -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

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5.
Receiver
Receriver
(1)

Preposition to

for

Our English teacher gives us prizes every year.

We are given prizes by our English teacher every year.
Prizes are given to us by our English teacher Every year.

(2)

My uncle bought me a new camera last year.

I was bought a new camera by my uncle last year.
A new camera was bought for me by my uncle last year.

Exercise (6)
(1)

They recomended me another doctor

I ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

They will ask you several questions.

You -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

They have made him a captain.

He ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

The teacher told us an interesting story.

We --------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

Someone taught him French and gave him a dictionary.

He ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(6)

Father has sent me 5000 Kyats.

I -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(7)

She will lend me two thousand Kyats.

I -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(8)

Mr Earnshaw brought his wife a gipsy child.

His wife --------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(9)

Saya Moe teaches us English.

We --------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

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(10)

The boy got his father some fresh tiger meat.

The father ------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(11)

The professor gave his students a parting gift.

His students ----------------------------------------------------------------------.
A parting gift --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(12)

Someone has given Mg Mg a beautiful painting.

A beautiful painting ------------------------------------------------------------.
Mg Mg ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(13)

A good writer gives the readers hints as to the outcome of the story.
The readers ----------------------------------------------------------------------.
Hints ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(14)

The builders often use a pulley to lift their materials.

A pulley --------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(15)

Nature teaches beasts to know their friends.

Beasts -----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(16)

The tourist guide showed the tourists some historical buildings in Mandalay.
The tourists ----------------------------------------------------------------------.

(17)

The police returned him passport.

He ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(18)

They promise us higher wages.

We --------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

6.

ADVERB

(a) Frequency Adverb

(1)

Adverb of Manner

Verb to be

V3

They treated him badly.

He was badly treated.

(2)

He painted the house beautifully.

The house was beautifully painted.

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Exercise (7)
(1)

The girls decorated the rooms beautifully.

The rooms -----------------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

The engineers have overhauled the machine properly.

The machine ---------------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

Our headmistress enforced discipline strictly.

Discipline ------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

The attitude of Maung Maung and Aung Aung impressed the other boys deeply.
The other boys ------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

My friend's mother prepared the meal well.

The meal -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(6)

He wrote the book beautifully.

The book -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(7)

Some people dress their children very badly.

Some children -------------------------------------------------------------------.

(8)

People think well of him.

He ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(b)

Adverb phrase of Manner

by + Doer

Adverb or Adv. phrase of Place

(1)

The boy beat the snake with a big stick.

The snake was beaten with a big stick by the boy.

(2)

The cat killed the rat with a stroke of its paw.

The rat was killed by the cat with a stroke of its paw.

Exercise (8)
(1)

His father beat him for not attending classes regularly.

He ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

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(2)

We have paid him enough money for the work.

He ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

A good writer gives the readers hints as to the outcome of the story.
The readers ----------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

The teacher told us a wonderful story in the class yesterday.

We --------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

Mother scolded Su Su for slipping out quietly to her friend.

Su Su -----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(6)

Father wants me to be an architect.

I ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(7)

The king exchanged his cap of gold with the soy-bean cap of his companion.
His cap of gold -------------------------------------------------------------------.

(8)

The young man exchanged his golden bird for a good plot of land.
H is golden bird ------------------------------------------------------------------.

(9)

He commanded a house full of gold and silver to appear immediately.

A house full of gold and silver ------------------------------------------------.

(10)

Tha Aye's parents wanted him to help them in their taungya work.
Tha Aye was ---------------------------------------------------------------------.

(c)

Adverb or Adverb phrase of Time

(1)

That night the thief entered the village.

That night the village was entered by the thief.

(2)

The princess threw the shawl onto the roof of every house in the dead of night.
The shawl was thrown onto the roof of every house by the princess in the dead of
night.

Exercise (9)
(1)

Mother bought some bananas yesterday.

Some bananas -------------------------------------------------------------------.

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(2)

Ma Ma was preparing the food when the visitors arrived.

The food -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

U Mya will send his daughter to school on Monday.

His daughter --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

My sister had locked all the doors before we left home.

All the doors --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

People use computers almost all over the world today.

Computers ----------------------------------------------------------------------.

PREPOSITION

7.

Verb

(A)

Verb

(1)

The poor young man looked for the beautiful lady along the seashore.

Preposition

(Phrasal Verb)

The beautiful lady was looked for along the seashore by the poor young man.

(2)

The man looked at the beautiful princess and the ring.

The beautiful princess and the ring were looked at by the man.

Exercise (10)
(1)

The young man stared at the strange box in surprise.

The strange box -----------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

The boy langhed at the warning as before.

The warning----------------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

A crow carried off the egg which they had offered the Nat.
The egg which they had offered the Nat ------------------------------------.

(4)

You must drag it back up onto the shore.

It ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

The four youths carried out the different tasks in order to get a decent meal.
The different tasks --------------------------------------------------------------.

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(b)

Verb

Have (or) Be + to + V1

(1)

We are to learn this poem by heart.

Have (or) Be + to + V3

This poem is to be learned by heart.

(2)

Mother has to mend the old clothes again.

The old clothes have to be mended again by Mother.

Exercise (11)
(1)

My father has to repair this broken chair.

This broken chair ---------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

Nilar's father had to cure his illness immediately.

Nilar father's illness ------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

The young men had to surrender their clothes to the traveller.

Their clothes --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

The King would not have to spare the rich man's life.
The rich man's life -------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

The boy had to show the judge exactly how he had stood in the trap,
The judge -----------------------------------------------------------------------.

8.

NOUN MODIFIER
(Noun Modifier)

(1)

The old man's words encouraged the young man.

The young man was encouraged by t he old man's words.

(2)

They will not admit children under sixteen.

Children under sixteen will not admitted.

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Exercise (12)
(1)

He could easily consume the entire pot of rice enough for the whole family.
The entire pot --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

A fish as huge as a mountain was eatin up all the other fishes.

All the other fishes --------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

The young man's demeanour greatly impressed the parents of Nan Oo Pyin.
The parents -----------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

Some boys tested the friendship of Maung Maung and Aung Aung.
The friendship --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

The guardian spirit of the banyan tree guarded the pot of gold buried under the tree.
The pot ----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

Exercise (13) (MIXED)

(1)

Everyone has seen him.

He ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

Ko Ko did not write this letter.

This letter ------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

They have not caught the fish.

The fish --------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

No one can do it.

It ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

Nobody brought the book yesterday.

The book ------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(6)

Nobody has ever heard the joke before.

The joke -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(7)

They elected him captain.

He --------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(8)

The teacher grants him a day's leave.

He --------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(9)

He lends me a book.
I ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

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(10)

Is Ma Ma making tea for us?

Is tea ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(11)

Are they reaping the paddy now?

Is the paddy ----------------------------------------------------------------------.

(12)

Have you read this book?

Has this book --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(13)

Who built the house?

By whom -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(14)

Who teaches English in your class?

By whom -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(15)

Who is playing football?

By whom -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(16)

The boy has to open the shop.

The shop --------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(17)

My father has to repair the broken chair.

The broken chair -----------------------------------------------------------------.

(18)

He played football skillfully in the match yesterday.

Football ----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(19)

The girl was selling the mangoes.

The mangoes ----------------------------------------------------------------------.

(20)

The servant cleaned the room.

The room --------------------------------------------------------------------------.

Exercise (14)
PASSIVE ACTIVE
(1) Be + V3
(2)

tense

Active Voice Verb Form

(Doer)

Finish the sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentences
that is given.
(1)

The journal is published once a week.

They ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

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(2)

He was stunned by the bad news.

The bad news --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

The cupboard is being tidied by the maid.

The maid -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

A new library has just been completed.

They ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

The gold pot was buried under the banyan tree by the thieves.
The thieves ----------------------------------------------------------------------.

(6)

All the fried fish was eaten up by the cat.

The cat ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(7)

Were the blankets in the trunk aired by the housekeeper now and then?
Was ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(8)

By whom has the journal been published?

Who -----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(9)

Whose wedding gown is being designed by Christian Dior?

Whose wedding gown is Christian Dior -----------------------------------.

(10)

The wounded soldier was assisted by his comrades.

His comrades ------------------------------------------------------------------.

(11)

Courtesy must be shown to our elders.

We ------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(12)

Gifts were presented to the visitors from the border areas.

They ----------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(13)

We are provided with all the things we need by our parents.

Our parents --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(14)

Those who do not bring their text-books to school are punished by the teacher.
The teacher --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(15)

Old buildings in this town are being pulled down by the municipal.
The municipal -----------------------------------------------------------------.

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Exercise (15) (MIXED)

(1)

People grow rice in hot and wet regions.

Rice -------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(2)

U Aye wrote the prize winning novel.

The prize winning novel -------------------------------------------------------.

(3)

The postman was bittn by our dog.

Our dog --------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(4)

People play football all over the world.

Football --------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(5)

The engineers are building a bridge.

A bridge -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(6)

This instructor showed the students how to use a calculator.

The students --------------------------------------------------------------------.

(7)

Teachers should train their students to become good citizens.

Students -------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(8)

People are not allowed to walk on the grass.

No one ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(9)

A good writer gives the reader hints as to the outcome of the story.
The reader is given -------------------------------------------------------------.

(10)

Someone has given Maung Maung a beautiful painting.

A beautiful painting ------------------------------------------------------------.

(11)

People are not allowed to walk on the grass in public gardens.

No one ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(12)

His father beat him for not attending classes regularly.

He --------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(13)

Wuthering Heights was written by Emily Bronte.

Emily Bronte -------------------------------------------------------------------.

(14)

People are not allowed to smoke at the petrol pump.

No one ---------------------------------------------------------------------------.

(15)

The old lady treated the young boy very kindly.

The young boy ------------------------------------------------------------------.

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