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Australian Standard

Analysis of detergents
AS 4010—1992
 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee CH/11, Methods of Test for
Detergents. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on
14 February 1992 and published on 15 May 1992.

The following interests are represented on Committee CH/11:

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Australian Consumers Association

Chemical Confederation of Australia
Department of Primary Industries and Energy (Commonwealth)
Division of Food Processing, CSIRO
Division of Wool Technology, CSIRO
The Royal Australian Chemical Institute
University of New South Wales

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australi an Standards are subject
to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editi ons as necessary. It is
important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest editi on, and any
amendments thereto.
Full detail s of all Australi an Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australi a
Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australian
Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives detail s of new publi cati ons, new edit ions
and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
Suggesti ons for improvements to Australi an Standards, addressed to the head off ice of Standards Australi a,
are welcomed. Noti fi cati on of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 81036 and DR 81037.
 AS 4010—1992

Australian Standard
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Analysis of detergents

First publi shed as AS 4010—1992.

PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 7380 5
 AS 4010—1992 2

PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee on Methods of Test for Detergents
to provide standard methods for laboratories required to analyse commercial detergents to determine
anionic active matter, soap and non-soap surface active matter.
The methods described in this Standard are based on analytical procedures given in other national and
ISO Standards, together with some components extracted from published texts. The methods have been
subjected to independent evaluation performed by cooperating laboratories in Australia. The result has
been a methodology consistent with conditions meet in Australian laboratories and free of the
ambiguities of some of the original material, such as the masking of results due to interference from
other constituents.
The methods described in this Standard have been shown in trials to be accurately reproducible, and
capable of practical performance using the range of laboratory apparatus generally available in
analytical laboratories.
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reproduced, stored in a retri eval system in any form or transmitt ed by any means without pri or permission in wri ti ng fr om
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commercial soft ware royalti es should be dir ected to the head off ice of Standards Australi a.
Standards Austr alia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use
exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Austr alia.
Standards Australi a wil l also permit the inclusion of it s copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty
payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.
Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edit ion of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the
Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identif ied.
The use of material in pri nt form or in computer soft ware programs to be used commercially, with or wit hout payment, or in
commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be vari ed by Standards Austr alia at any ti me.
 3 AS 4010—1992

CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. 4
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. .. 4
1.3 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. .. 4
1.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .. .. 4

SECTION 2 DETERMINATION OF NON-SOAP ACTIVE MATTER

2.1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . 5
2.2 PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . 5
2.3 REAGENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . 5
2.4 APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . 5
2.5 SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . .. . . 6
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2.6 PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. . . 6
2.7 CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . 6
2.8 PRECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . 7
2.9 TEST REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . .. . . 7

SECTION 3 DETERMINATION OF ANIONIC ACTIVE MATTER AND SOAP

3.1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 8
3.2 PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 8
3.3 REAGENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 8
3.4 APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 9
3.5 SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . 9
3.6 PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . 9
3.7 CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 11
3.8 PRECISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 12
3.9 TEST REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . 12

APPENDICES
A TWO-PHASE TITRATION OF ANIONIC SURFACTANT USING AN IMPROVED
STIRRING TECHNIQUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
B STANDARDIZATION OF SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
C PREPARATION OF STANDARD 0.004 mol/L BENZETHONIUM CHLORIDE
SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
 AS 4010—1992 4

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard
Analysis of detergents

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE This Standard sets out methods for the determination of non-soap surface active matter,
anionic active matter and soap, in detergents.
Section 2 provides the method for the determination of non-soap active matter.
Section 3 provides the method for the determination of anionic active matter and soap.
1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard:
AS
2850 Chemical analysis—Interlaboratory test programs—For determining precision of analytical
method(s)—Guide to the planning and conduct
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2884 Heavy mineral sand concentrates—Sampling

2884.3 Part 3: Preparation of samples
1.3 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions below apply.
1.3.1 Anionic active matter—all the synthetic anionic active surfactant present, excepting the soap.
1.3.2 Determination—one application of the test method procedure to one portion of the test sample.
1.3.3 Laboratory sample—a sample as prepared for sending to the laboratory and intended for
inspection or testing.
1.3.4 Precision—the closeness of agreement between the results obtained by applying the experimental
procedures several times under prescribed conditions. The smaller the random part of the experimental
errors which affect the results, the more precise are the procedures.
1.3.5 Test result—the result reported from one complete application of the test method (when replicate
determinations are specified in the test method, the test result will constitute the mean of those
replicates).
1.3.6 Test sample—a sample prepared, e.g. by size reduction or drying, from the laboratory sample
and from which test portions will be taken.
1.3.7 Test portion—the portion of material drawn from the test sample (or, if both are the same, from
the laboratory sample), and on which the test or observation is actually carried out.
NOTE: In certain cases, the term ‘t est portion’ is used to describe a product from previous procedural steps applied to the
original test porti on.
1.3.8 Test solution—the final solution, containing the test portion and any reagents, on which the
analytical measurement is made.
1.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY More information on the methods set out in this Standard may be found in
the following texts:
1 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS. ASTM D2358 Method for separation
of active ingredient from surfactant and syndet compositions. Philadelphia: ASTM, 1989.
2 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. ISO 2271 Surface active
agents—Detergents—Determination of anionic-active matter by manual or mechanical direct two-
phase titration procedure. Geneva: ISO, 1989.
3 LONGMAN, G.F. The analysis of detergents and detergents products. London: Wiley, 1975.
4 HOFFMAN, A.R., BOER, W.W. and SCHWARZ, G.W.G. Zweiphasen—Titration von
Aniontensiden mittels einer verbesserten Rührmethode (Two-phase titration of anionic surfactants
using an improved stirring technique). Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel. September 1976, Vol. 78, No. 9,
pp. 367-368.
5 REID, V.W., LONGMAN, G.F. and HEINERTH, E. Determination of anionic-active detergents by
two-phase titration. Tenside. September 1967, Vol. 4, No. 9, pp. 292-304.
6 REID, V.W., LONGMAN, G.F. and HEINERTH, E. Determination of anionic-active detergents by
two-phase titration (II). Tenside, March/April 1968, Vol. 5, No. 3/4, pp. 90-96.

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