AS 2724.

5—1987

Australian Standard
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AMBIENT AIR—
PARTICULATE MATTER
Part 5—DETERMINATION OF
IMPINGED MATTER
EXPRESSED AS
DIRECTIONAL
DIRTINESS,
BACKGROUND
DIRTINESS AND/OR
AREA DIRTINESS
(DIRECTIONAL
DUST GAUGE
METHOD)
 This Australian standard was prepared by Committee CH/19, Methods for Examination
of Air. It was approved on behalf of the Council of the Standards Association of
Australia on 12 February 1987 and published on 6 April 1987.

The following interests are represented on Committee CH/19:

Aluminium Development Council
Australian Chemical Industry Council
Australian Institute of Petroleum
Australian Mining Industry Council
Australian Timber Producers Council
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Clean Air Society of Australia and New Zealand

Confederation of Australian Industry
CSIRO, Division of Fossil Fuels
Department of Arts, Heritage and Environment
Department of Conservation and Environment, W.A.
Department of Environment and Planning, S.A.
Department of Environment, Tasmania
Department of Science
Electricity Supply Association of Australia
Environment Protection Authority of Victoria
National Association of Testing Authorities, Australia
National Health and Medical Research Council
State Pollution Control Commission, N.S.W.

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to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editi ons as necessary. It is
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amendments thereto.
Full detail s of all Australi an Standards and related publications wil l be found in the Standards Australia
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Suggesti ons for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head offi ce of Standards Australi a,
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First publi shed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1987

This standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 85329.

ISBN 0 7262 4574 7
 3 AS 2724.5—1987

PREFACE

This standard was prepared by the Association’s Committee on Methods for Examination
of Air under the direction of the Chemical Standards Board. It is one of the AS 2724 series
for the determination of particulate matter in ambient air and deals with the measurement
of particles which impinge upon vertical surfaces as a result of surface winds.
Other standards in this series are as follows:
AS 2724.1 Determination of Deposited Matter expressed as Insoluble Solids, Ash,
Combustible Matter, Soluble Solids and Total Solids.
AS 2724.2 Determination of Suspended Matter Expressed as Equivalent Black Smoke by
Filter Paper Soiling. (Used in Conjunction with AS 2509, Determination of Acid
Gases Expressed as Sulphur Dioxide).
AS 2724.3 Determination of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)—High Volume Sampler
Gravimetric Method.
AS 2724.4 Determination of Light Scattering—Integrating Nephelometer Method*.
Impinged matter consists of particles which are airborne under the influence of surface
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winds and which may collide with projections from the earth’s surface. Some common
sources of such particles are minerals processing, bulk materials handling, mining
operations, industrial processes, incineration, agricultural soil cultivation and natural sources
of windblown dust.
The material sampled by this method can be of a wide range of particle sizes depending on
wind strength. Small particles can cause a nuisance by soiling property. Larger particles can
cause weathering of property through abrasive action. Other factors such as colour, shape
and size of the particulate matter can influence the perception of nuisance.
During the preparation of this method, cognizance was taken of BS 1747.5, Methods for the
Measurement of Air Pollution Part 5, Directional Dust Gauges, with modifications to suit
Australian conditions.

* In course of preparation.

CONTENTS
Page
1 SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . . .. . ... .... .... . .. . 4
2 APPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . .. ..... .. . ... .. .... 4
3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . .. .... . .. .. .... ..... .. .... 4
4 DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . .. ..... .. . ... .. .... 4
5 PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . ..... .. . ... .... .... 4
6 APPARATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . . ..... .. . ... ... .... 4
7 SAMPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . ..... .. . ... .... .... 7
8 PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . . ..... .. . ... ... .... 7
9 CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . .... ..... .. . ... .... 9
10 ACCURACY AND REPRODUCIBILITY . .... . . ..... .... .. ... .... 9
11 REPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . ... .. . ... .... .. .... 9

APPENDIX A. DERIVATION OF EQUATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

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 AS 2724.5—1987
STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
for
AMBIENT AIR—PARTICULATE MATTER
PART 5—DETERMINATION OF IMPINGED MATTER EXPRESSED AS
DIRECTIONAL DIRTINESS, BACKGROUND DIRTINESS AND/OR AREA DIRTINESS
(DIRECTIONAL DUST GAUGE METHOD)
1 SCOPE. This standard sets out a method for the
collection of particulate matter in air which impinges on
vertical surfaces and for the determination of dirtiness.
The impinged particulate material collected is measured
using an obscuration technique. Provision is made to
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distinguish variation of dirtiness with wind direction.
2 APPLICATION. This method is applicable to
ambient air containing particles which impinge on the
collecting cylinders of a directional dust gauge as
described in this standard. Results can be expressed
numerically as directional, background and/or area
dirtiness as defined within this method. The method
provides a measure of impingement over a sampling
period, normally one month.
NOTE: This method also provides a means of sample collection for
other determinations such as gravimetric, chemical and microscopic
analysis.
3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS. The following
standards are referred to in this standard:
AS 1152 Test Sieves
AS 2922 Ambient Air—Guide for the Siting of
Sampling Units
AS 2923 Ambient Air—Guide for Measurement of
Horizontal Wind for Air Quality Applica-
tions.
4 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this standard, the
following definitions apply:
4.1 Directional dirtiness — a numerical measure of
dirtiness caused by particles collected in a cylinder
facing a selected direction.
4.2 Background dirtiness — a numerical measure of
dirtiness caused by particles collected in the three
cylinders each facing in directions other than the selected
direction for directional dirtiness.
4.3 Area dirtiness— a numerical measure of dirtiness
caused by particles collected from the four cylinders
facing their respective directions.
4.4 Calm—a wind speed less than 1.5 m/s.
5 PRINCIPLE. Over a given sampling period, par-
ticles which impinge on the vertical, internal surface of
four collecting cylinders of the directional dust gauge are
collected in collecting pots at the bases of the collecting
cylinders. The collected particles are mixed with a
known volume of water and their obscuration is deter-
mined using an obscuration meter. The dirtiness is
calculated using the obscuration reading and wind
direction data.
COPYRIGHT
4
6 REAGENT AND APPARATUS. Unless otherwise
specified only distilled water or water of equivalent
purity shall be used.
6.1 Directional dust gauge. A directional dust gauge,
consisting of four vertical collecting cylinders each with
a slot of dimensions 45 mm × 340 mm and commencing
approximately 10 mm from the top of the cylinder, as
shown in Fig. 1. The edges of each slot shall be at right
angles to the width of the slot and not radial (see Fig. 1).
The cylinders are mounted at 90° to one another with the
slots facing outwards. An easily detachable collecting pot
is fitted to the bottom of each collecting cylinder. The
combined length of a collecting cylinder and its attached
collecting pot shall be at least 640 mm with the col-
lecting pot having a volume of about 1 L capacity. For
areas of high rainfall, a larger collecting pot may be
required. The collecting cylinders and collecting pots
shall be constructed of chemically resistant material such
as PVC. Each collecting pot shall have a firmly fitting
cap to enable it to be transported without any loss of its
contents. The external diameter of the collecting cylin-
ders shall be 75 mm. The collecting cylinders shall be
located with their axes at the corners of a 150 mm
square mounting plate.
6.2 Stand. A stand which supports the dust gauge in
such a way that the top of the gauge is 1.5 m to 2 m
above the surface supporting the gauge. The stand, which
shall maintain the gauge rigidly in a vertical position,
may be made of painted steel, galvanized iron or other
strong, corrosive-resistant material. A typical stand and
gauge are illustrated in Fig. 2.
6.3 Collecting pot holder. A collecting pot holder shall
be provided so that collecting pots can be carried without
spillage.
6.4 Recording anemometer. A robust anemometer
incorporating a wind speed sensor and a wind direction
sensor (refer to AS 2923). If meteorological data repre-
sentative for the site is available, the anemometer is not
required.
6.5 Obscuration meter. The instrument shall consist
of an optically light-tight box. Light from an elec-
tronically controlled tungsten lamp passes downwards
through a diffuser, then through a measuring cell in
which the sample is held and through a 56 mm hole in
the base of a measuring cell holder to a large-area light
detector (silicon photocell). The signal from the detector
is amplified, linearized and displayed. The internal
surfaces of the measuring cell holder attached to the door
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AS 2724.5-1987, Ambient air - Particulate matter

Determination of impinged matter expressed as
directional dirtiness, background dirtiness and/or
This is a free 4 page sample. Access the full version at http://infostore.saiglobal.com.

area dirtiness (directional dust gauge method)

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