MOHRS CIRCLE FOR PLANE STRESS

Involves the construction of a circle in such a manner that the coordinates of each point on the circle represent the normal and shearing stresses on one plane through the stressed point, and the angular position of the radius to the point gives the orientation of the plane.

Recall

n =

( x + y ) 2

( x y ) cos 2 2

+ xy sin 2

x + y 2

x y 2 2

cos 2 + xy sin 2 sin 2 + xy cos 2

nt =

x y

Squaring both equations, adding, and simplifying yield

+ y n x 2

y + nt 2 = x 2

+ xy 2

This is the equation of the circle in terms of the variable n and nt. The circle is centered on the axis at a distance (x + y)/2 from the axis, and the radius of the circle is given by
2 x y + xy R= 2 2

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MOHRS CIRCLE FOR PLANE STRESS

F-Plane

F-Plane

yx x x

nt

x xy

yx

xy y y yx

x y R= 2 2 + xy
2

O C F
nt

x + y 2
n

Normal stresses are plotted as horizontal coordinates with tensile stresses plotted (positive) to the right of the y-axis and compressive stresses (negative) plotted to the left. Shear stresses are plotted as vertical coordinates with shear stresses causing clockwise moment about any point inside the element plotted 17 above the x-axis and shear stresses causing counterclockwise moment plotted below.

The Mohr's circle for any point subjected to plane stress can be drawn when the stresses on two mutually perpendicular planes through the point are known. y yx

xy

x > y

x xy

x yx

H(y,yx)

yx

(x -y)/2

xy
V(x,xy) (x + y)/2

Coordinates of point V are the stresses on the vertical plane. Coordinates of point H are the stresses on the horizontal plane. Line VH is the diameter of the Mohr's Circle. Line CV represents the vertical plane from which the angle is 18 measured.

DERIVATION of n and nt in MOHR'S CIRCLE

p2
H(y,yx)

yx
V' F' D

2p 2

nt

F V(x,xy)

xy

B (x + y)/2 (x -y)/2

x n p1
Notice that n = OF' OF = OC + CFcos(2p - 2) And since CF equals CV, the above equation reduces to OF = OC + Cvcos2pcos2 + Cvsin2psin2
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Note that CVcos2p = CV = (x - y)/2 CVsin2p = VV = xy OC = Center = (x + y)/2 Substituting,

OF ' =

x + y x y cos 2 + xy sin 2 + 2 2 OF ' = n

Consider FF and expand, FF = CFsin(2p - 2) FF = CV(sin2pcos2 - cos2psin2) Note that, CVsin2p = VV = xy and Cvcos2p = CV = (x + y)/2 Substituting,

nt = xy cos 2
Also,

x y sin 2 2
2

2 x + y x y p1 = OD = OC + CD = + + xy 2 2

p2

2 x + y x y = OC CE = + xy 2 2

x y max ip = CA = CV = 2 tan 2 p = xy x y 2

+ xy 2

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Interpreting Mohrs Circle

Plane Stress

F-Plane

yx x x

nt

x xy

yx

xy y y yx

1. Normal stresses are plotted as horizontal coordinates with tensile stresses plotted (positive) to the right of the y-axis and compressive stresses (negative) plotted to the left. 2. Shear stresses are plotted as vertical coordinates with shear stresses causing clockwise moment about any point inside the element plotted above the x-axis and shear stresses causing counterclockwise moment plotted below. 3. A point on the Mohr's circle corresponds to a plane of the element. 4. The coordinates of a point on the Mohrs circle are the stresses. 5. A radial line passing through a point on the Mohrs circle corresponds to the normals to the plane of the element represented by the point. 6. The angle between the radial lines drawn through two points on the Mohrs circle is twice the angle in space between the normals to the planes represented by the points. 7. The position of a point on the Mohrs circle gives the magnitude and direction of the normal and the shear stresses on the corresponding plane of the element.

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Procedure for Drawing and Using Mohrs Circle to Obtain Specific Stress Information 1. Choose a set of x-y reference axes. 2. Identify the stresses x, y and xy = yx and list them with the proper sign. 3. Draw a set of - coordinate axes with and positive to the right and upward, respectively. 4. Plot the point (x, -xy) and label it point V (vertical plane). 5. Plot the point (y, yx) and label it point H (horizontal plane). 6. Draw a line between V and H. This establishes the center C and the radius R of Mohrs circle. 7. Draw the circle. 8. An extension of the radius between C and V can be identified as the x-axis or the reference line for angle measurements (i.e., = 0).

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