General Education Modules for Upper Primary and Junior Secondary School Teachers of Science, Technology and Mathematics

by Distance in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Developed by The Southern African Development Community Tylers Model Tylers model for curriculum designing is based on the following questions: What educational purposes should the school seek to attain? What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to attain these purposes? How can these educational experiences be effectively organised? How can we determine whether these purposes are being attained? Tylers Model Objectives

You should note that the curriculum content must be applicable to the solution of the problems affecting the society which uses it. Methods The methods outlined in a curriculum: deal with teaching and learning experiences, and involve organisational strategies. Flexible teaching methods facilitate learning. Evaluation Evaluation is used to: select appropriate content based on the aims and objectives of the curriculum; select appropriate methods to address the content and purpose; check the effectiveness of methods and learning experiences used; check on the suitability and the appropriateness of the curriculum in answering social needs; give feedback to the planners, learners, teachers, industry and society; and provide a rationale for making changes. You should note that in conducting evaluations, judgements must be made regarding: inputs, means, content, outputs, and outcomes of the whole learning process. http://www.col.org/stamp/module13.pdf

Selection of learning experiences

Organization of learning experiences

Evaluation

Adapted from Urevbu, A. O. (1985: 20). Curriculum Studies. The model is linear in nature, starting from objectives and ending with evaluation. In this model, evaluation is terminal. It is important to note that: Objectives form the basis for the selection and organisation of learning experiences. Objectives form the basis for assessing the curriculum. Objectives are derived from the learner, contemporary life and subject specialist. To Tyler, evaluation is a process by which one matches the initial expectation with the outcomes. Purpose The purpose of a curriculum: is based on the social aspirations of society, outlines the goals and aims of the programme, and is expressed as goals and objectives. There are three categories of goals and objectives: cognitive, referring to intellectual tasks, psychomotor, referring to muscular skills, and affective, referring to feeling and emotions. You should note that the curriculum reflects the relevance of whatever the society deems to be important Content or Subject Matter The content of the curriculum: is divided into bodies of knowledge, for example, mathematics, English and science; outlines the desired attitudes and values; includes cherished skills; is determined by prevailing theories of knowledge; and caters to ideological, vocational and technical considerations.