Referencias

Pisos de concreto para uso industrial

Ing. Rubn Salas, Ph.D Rub GCI Ingeniera Ingenier

Notas del curso: ACI Slabs on Ground Phoenix, AZ, curso: Ground abril 2002. Presentado por Jerry Holland (Lockwood Greene) y Pat Harrison (PNA Construction Technologies). Reporte ACI 360R-92 (rev. 97) Design of Slabs on Grade 360RReporte ACI 302.1 R-96 Guide for Concrete Floor and RSlab Construction Mehta, P. Kumar et al. Concrete. McGraw Hill: USA. 1993 Notas del Curso: CE-397 Advanced Concrete Materials. Curso: CEU. of Texas/Austin. 2001 Notas del curso: Losas industriales. Corporacin INCSA. curso: industriales. Corporaci 3 de mayo del 2002 Reporte ACI 223-93 Shrinkage Compensating Concrete 223Post-tensioning Manual Post-

Referencias (cont...) (cont...)

Ringo, B and Anderson, R. Designing Floor Slabs Ringo, on Grade. The Aberdeen Group: USA. 1996 Second Edition Suprenant, B. Why Slabs Curl. Part I. Concrete Suprenant, International. March 2002, Vol 24, No. 3 Suprenant, B. Why Slabs Curl. Part II. Concrete Suprenant, International. April 2002. Vol 24, No. 4.

Contenidos generales de la presentacin presentaci

1.0 Generalidades 2.0 Caractersticas de base y subbase Caracter 3.0 Concreto 4.0 Consideraciones de diseo dise 5.0 Refuerzo 6.0 Detallado de juntas y transmisin de cortante transmisi 7.0 Alabeo (curling) ( curling 8.0 Planicidad y nivelacin Planicidad nivelaci 9.0 Curado y tratamientos de superficie 10.0 Identificacin de problemas y prevencin Identificaci prevenci 11.0 Comentarios finales

1.0 Generalidades

2.0 Caractersticas de la base y la subbase

Especificaciones Tpicas
CBR (California Bearing Ratio) no menor a 10 75 mm tamao tama mx. 95% proctor estndar ? (o est 91%)

SUBBASE

SUBBASE

Especificaciones Tpicas

CBR mnimo de 30% 95% proctor estndar ? (91% ?) est

Especificaciones Tpicas
Stronger base smaller thickness be careful with curling stresses !! Base material must be stable during humid state (coarse aggregate) and stable during dry state (1/4 to dust material). (1/4 Uniformity Do not wet base before pouring concrete (Analyze case by case)
Lmites en ndice lquido y plstico. pl stico. CBR mnimo de 80% Compactacin mnima del 95% del proctor Compactaci modificado. modificado.

A high porosity base material will allow for high water vapor diffusion due to differences in RH

Base estabilizada con cemento Especificaciones

Lmite Lquido < 40%, Lmite Plstico < 8% Pl Material granular: cemento (13:1) Resistencia mnima 30 kg/cm2

ACI 360R-92 (Rev. 97)

ACI 360 R-92 (Rev. 97)

3.0 Concreto

In slabs without post-tensioning, post-

excessive values of compressive strength are generally not desirable because higher compressive strengths are frequently achieved with higher cement factors. This, in turn, tends to increase both shrinkage and curl .
(Ringo & Anderson, 1996)

MOR (testing)
Third-point loading on a plain concrete beam Third(ASTM C 78) ASTM C 1018 for concrete containing fibers.

Water in hcp (hydrated cement paste)

Capillary water (>50 x10-9 m free water, x10< 50 nm bound water) Adsorbed water (6 molecurar layers of water in the surface of hcp) hcp) Interlayer water Chemically combined water

Volcanic ash

4.0 Consideraciones de diseo

Design information
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

For the vehicle Vehicle weight Load capacity Total Axle load Single wheels or dual wheels Solid or pneumatic tires Tire width in inches or tire pressure in psi Wheel contact area Wheel spacing

Design information
For the site and materials 1. Concrete compressive strength 2. Concrete modulus of rupture 3. Modulus of subgrade reaction (soil) 4. Safety factor

Basic slab design methods

The Portland Cement Association (PCA) The Wire Reinforcement Institute (WRI) The United States Army Corp of Engineers (COE) The Post-tensioning Institute (PTI) PostThe shrinkage-compensating concrete shrinkage(SCC), ACI 223

ACI 360R-92 (97)

Ringo & Anderson

5.0 Refuerzo

Steel fibers: fibers:

Functionality vs. Aesthetics

6.0 Detallado de juntas y transmisin de cortante

When using Soff cut:

Plate must be changed with every blade and match blade with aggregate type. type.

Espaciamiento entre juntas

Proteccin de juntas y selladores Protecci

Joint width and joint filler application

For semi-rigid semiepoxies: epoxies: joint width 3 mm Backer rod only in construction joints. joints. For flexible fillers: fillers: joints width 6 mm Backer rod in construction and contraction joints. joints.

To check joint filler performance: performance: Credit card thickness card

45 degree joint cuts havent been haven proven to produce better joints. joints.

Shear load transfer

In control (Contraction) joints use (Contraction) baskets when slab reinforcing consist of #4 or higher. higher. Use continuous reinforcing through joint section when using #3.

7.0 Alabeo (Curling)

Comments (from Suprenant,2002) Suprenant,2002)

Rule of thumb: the average curl, in inches, is three times the drying shrinkage, in percent. Increasing soil stiffness may increase curling deflection by about 10% as a maximum. Increasing the concrete strength by 70 kg/cm2 increases curling deflection by about 10%.

The amount of distributed steel (about 0.1 to 0.15%), commonly used for crack width control, dont significantly reduce curling. don Increasing slab thickness decreases the amount of curling deflection. In one case, increasing thickness from 15 cm to 20 cm reduced corner curling by 50%. Thickened edges havent been proven to haven provide any measurable benefits. May cause cracking.

Decreasing joint spacing may reduce curling deflection, but increase joint maintenance. Designers need to balance these opposing effects. Longer moist-curing periods have little moisteffect on drying shrinkage or curling, other than delaying the onset. The rate of moisture migration may be the most significant factor affecting curling deflections.

Placing a concrete slab on a wet base increases the shrinkage gradient and the applied curling moment, and thus the amount of curl. Whether concrete curls more when placed directly on a vapor retarder or on a granular base depends on the moisture content of the base. The same concrete may exhibit different amounts of curl due to the different final environments (temperature and RH).

8. Planicidad y Nivelacin

Magnesium float

When to measure F-numbers:

Follow ASTM specifications for Random or Define traffic. traffic. Curling may affect F-numbers during time. Define criteria from design. design.

9.0 Curado y tratamientos de superficie

10. Identificacin de problemas y prevencin

11.0 Comentarios finales

Muchas gracias...