FLUID MECHANICS Section 1: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Define Fluid mechanics & state their engineering applications Define fluid, explain with

the help of shear stress What do you mean by continuum flow? What do you mean by eulerian & lagrangian approach. What do you mean by dimensions & units? Give examples for each What are the rules for writing units? What are the system & control volume approach that are adopted in fluid mechanics Define density, pressure, temperature, specific weight, specific gravity and specific volume of fluid. Mention their units also. 9) Differentiate between 1.1 liquid & solid 1.2 liquid & gas 1.3 Real fluid & Ideal fluid 10) One litre of crude oil weighs 9.6 N. Calculate its specific weight, density and specific gravity. 11) Define dynamic viscosity & kinematic viscosity. State their units of measurements 12) Define Newtonian & non Newtonian fluids. 13) Define 1.1 Vacuum pressure 1.2 Compressibility 1.3 Bulk modulus 1.4 Surface tension 1.5 Capillarity 1.6 Cavitation 14) Differentiate between cohesion and adhesion 15) Why does viscosity of gas increase with increase in temperature while that of liquid decrease with increase in temperature? 16) Why is it necessary in winter to use lighter oil for automobiles than in summer? 17) A soap bubble is formed when the inside pressure is 5 N/m2 above the atmospheric pressure. If surface tension in the soap bubble is 0.0125 N/m. Find the diameter. 18) A liquid weighs 7.25 N/ , calculate the specific weight, density & specific gravity of the liquid. 19) A liquid has a specific gravity of 0.72; find its density & specific weight. Find also the weight per litre of the liquid. 20) How much greater is the viscosity of water at 0C than at 100C? How much greater is its kinematic viscosity for the temperature range?

Section 2: 1) Classify the different types of fluids. Explain them with the help of stress-strain diagram. Give examples for each type. 2) Define capillarity and derive an expression for capillary rise of a liquid, with the help of an diagram. 3) Two plates are placed at a distance of 0.15 mm apart. The lower plate is fixed while the upper plate having surface area 1.0 m2 is pulled at 0.3 m/s. Find the force and power required to maintain this speed, if the fluid separating them is having viscosity 1.5 poise. 4) In a stream of glycerine in motion, at a certain point the velocity gradient is 0.25 ms-1/m. The mass density of the fluid is 1268.4 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity is 6.30 x 10-4 m2/s. Calculate the shear stress at that point. 5) Determine the specific gravity of a fluid having viscosity 0.07 poise and kinematic viscosity 0.042 stokes. 6) If the velocity distribution of a fluid over a flat plate is given by u=(3/4)y-y2, where u is the velocity in m/s at a distance of y meters above the plate, determine the shear stress at 0.15 m. Take dynamic viscosity of the fluid as 8.5 x 10-5 kg sec/m2. 7) The velocity distribution over a flat plate is given by u=(2/3)y-y2 in which u is the velocity in m/s at a distance of y meters above the plate. Determine shear stress at y=0, 0.1 and 0.2m. Take =6 poise. 8) An oil of viscosity 5 poise is used for lubricating between a shaft and sleeve. The diameter of the shaft is 0.5 m and it rotates at 200 r.p.m. Calculate the power lost in the oil for a sleeve length of 100 mm. The thickness of oil film is 1.0 mm. 9) Lateral stability of a long shaft 150mm in diameter is obtained by means of a 250 mm long stationary bearing having an internal diameter of 150.25 mm. if the space between bearing and shaft is filled with a lubricant having a viscosity 0.245 N s/m2, what power will be required to come the viscous resistance when the shaft is rotated at a constant rate of 180 rpm. 10) Two large plane surfaces are 2.4 cm apart. The space between the surfaces is filled with glycerine. What force is requires to drag a very thin film plate of surface area of 0.5 m2 between the two large plane surface at a speed of 0.6 m/s. a. If the plate is at the middle b. If thin plate is at a distance of 0.8 cm from one of the plane surface Take = 8.1x10-1 N s/m2

11) Classify the substance that has the following rates of deformation and corresponding shear stress. (i) du/dy 0 1 3 5 15 20 30 40 (ii) du/dy 0 2 3 4 4 6 (iii) 0.6 4 6 8 5 6 4 4

du/dy

0 0

0.3 2

0.9 6

1.2 8

12) Calculate the capillary rise in a glass tube of 2.5 mm diameter when immersed vertically in a) water b) mercury. Take = 0.075 N/m for water and = 0.52 N/m for mercury in contact with air. The specific gravity for mercury is 13.6 and contact angle is 130. Perform the above calculations if the tube diameter is 4 mm. 13) A body weighing 120 lb with a flat surface area of 2 ft2 slides down a lubricated inclined plane making a 30 angle with the horizontal. For viscosity of 0.002 lb s/ft2 and body speed of 3 ft/s, determine the lubricant film thickness. 14) A piston of diameter 60 mm moves inside a cylinder of 60.1 mm. Determine the percent decrease in force necessary to move the piston when the lubricant warms up from 0C to 120C. Take = 4 x 10-3 lb s/ft2 at 0C and = 4 x 10-4 lb s/ft2. 15) A Newtonian fluid is in the clearance between a shaft and a concentric sleeve. When a force of 600 N is applied to the sleeve parallel to the shaft, the sleeve attains a speed of 1 m/s. If a 1500 N force is applied, what speed will the sleeve attain? The temperature of the sleeve remains constant. 16) A mass of gasoline equal to 450 kg is stored in tank. What is its weight in newtons and in pounds on the earths surface? What would be its mass and weight on the moons surface where the local acceleration due to gravity is approximately 1/6 th that at the earths surface?