FUNCTIONAL BLOCKS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Vishal Patil Milind Vaidya

POWER SUBSYSTEM:
(MATERIALS USED)

SOLAR CELL: It Converts light (Sun Light) into Electricity.

Features :
They have less efficiency about 10%. It requires continuous sunlight for the generation of power. Main use: It provides DC power and regulated secondary supply voltages for satellites voltages range 5v to 15v.

SOLAR ECLIPSE CONDITION FOR SATELLITES:

Eclipse condition :The sun light gets cut off and the solar cell power gets cut. Then during this period of time Back up batteries are used to generate power at that time. Hence storage battery must be capable of providing continues power for more than 12 hours. Amplifiers and DC to DC convertors are required.

What is solar eclipse?

TELEMETRY TRACKING & COMMAND (TT&C)

TT&C FROM GROUND STATION

The Telemetry, Tracking and Command subsystem provides vital communication to and from the spacecraft & allows to manage or monitor satellites from ground They use entirely different communication channel. They consist of various sensors for various parameters

TELEMETRY SUBSYSTEM

1.Sensors & Transducers measures Internal voltage ,Currents ,Temperature Fuel level, Pressure, Power supply Positional & orientation information Environmental information magnetic field radiation

2.Telemetry Encoder Multiplexes various analog & digital information & modulate before transmission 3.Transmitter It will transmit modulated information through Telemetry antenna (Omni-directional)

SATELLITE TRACKING SYSTEM

It uses frequency scanning effect satellite signals transmitted from a satellite via an antenna mounted on a moving body are analyzed to acquire a position of the satellite the acquired position of the satellite is continuously tracked, thereby smoothly receiving the satellites signals

COMMAND

COMMUNICATION CHANNEL SUBSYSTEM:

Receiver : Demodulation

Command decoder: decodes the encoded command signals with special techniques for security & convert it to appropriate pulses Driver amplifier: Amplification Then these signal used by satellite for execution

Satellites are build to communicate.

A transponder is used in satellites before transmitting the signal to earth station. Transponder: An automatic device that receives, amplifies, and re-transmits a received signal on a different frequency.

TRANSPONDER

TRANSPONDER CONSIST OF.

Filter Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) Band pass filter Mixer plus Local Oscillator Another Band pass filter and Power amplifier.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF TRANSPONDER:

Power amplifiers like TWT are used for generating the required

It Provides necessary gain & output power required for transmitting back to earth station. Advantages (TWT): High gain High efficiency Light weight Reliable and consistent.

ATTITUDE CONTROL SUBSYSTEM:

In the recent years TWT have been replaced by Solid Power Amplifier.
Multiple channels are used for greater reliability.

Satellite attitude is the orientation of satellite with respect to earth. Attitude control sub-system provides stabilization in orbit and senses the change in orientation of satellite. With built in jet thruster it makes the necessary corections to the altitude of satellite.

Now days advance transponders demodulate and re-modulate with another using another specific modulation

When this subsystem senses the change In position of satellite from the desired position it receives the command and control system and that fires the appropriate thruster at proper time.