AUDIO AMPLIFIER

SAYED MUZZAMMIL ALI SHAIKH AZHAR ASHRAF

Electronics Department MHSSCOE, Byculla, Mumbai-08
saiyedmuzzammil@yahoo.in

Abstract The purpose of this report is to provide a brief overview of the Audio Amplifier System. The Audio Amplifier enjoys the honor of being the most commonly used Audio signal generation technique. Over 85% of all low power audio signal are produced fron Audio Amplifier. Keywords Op-amp(UA741), Transistor ECN100 & ECP100, Microphone CZ03, Loudspeaker of 2W.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Microphone The microphone is a transducer which convert sound to voltage. Pre-amplifier The pre-amplifier will amplifies the small audio signal (voltage) from the microphone. Tone and Volume Control The tone and volume control adjust the nature of the audio signal. The tone control adjust the balance of high and low frequencies. The volume control adjust the strength of the signal. Power Amplifier The power amplifier increases the strength (power) of the audio signal. Loudspeaker The loudspeaker is a transducer which convert the audio signal or voltage signal to sound.

Audio Amplifier is an electronic amplifier that amplifies the low-power audio signals (signals composed primarily of frequencies between 20-20,000 Hz, the human range of hearing) to a level suitable for driving loudspeakers and is the final stage in a typical audio playback chain. Most of the audio amplifiers require these low-level inputs to adhere to line level. The audio amplifier was invented in 1909 by Lee De Forest when he invented the triode vacuum tube.Audio amplifier based on transistor became practical with the availability of inexpensive transistor in the late 1960s. II.

B. Circuit Diagram:

0
V6 15Vdc V3 9v V1 9v

0
LS1

0
R1 1k 3 C1 4.7u R2 1k
4 5 7 1

U1 6

Q1 2N3904 Q2 2N3906

DESIGN PROCEDURE

MK1 2 1 MICROPHONE 0

+ -

SPEAKER

A. Block Diagram:

UA741 V2 9v V5 -15Vdc

0
R3 100k

Fig 2: Circuit Diagram of 2W Audio Amplifier

Fig 1: Block Diagram of Audio Amplifier

The figure 1 shows the block diagram of Audio Amplifier System. The Audio Amplifier System consist of microphone, pre-amplifier, tone and volume control or voltage amplifier, power amplifier, loudspeaker.

As shown in Fig 2 the audio amplifier consist of three stages i.e. microphone driving circuit, voltage amplifier, Class B symmetrical amplifier. The input to the audio amplifier is through the microphone driving circuit. The microphone convert the audio signal into the voltage. The output of the microphone driving circuit is applied to the input to the voltage amplifier. The output of the microphone is in few millivolts. The input to the voltage amplifier is in terms of few millivolts. The output of the voltage amplifier is in terms of few volts. The voltage amplifier will amplifies the voltage at

the input. Depending upon the input voltage and the output voltage, the gain of the voltage amplifier is decided. The output of the voltage amplifier is applied to the Class B power amplifier. The input voltage require for the Class B power amplifier is few volts. The Class B push pull power amplifier will amplifies for full cycle duration due to the two transistor conduct for each cycle i.e. one transistor for positive half cycle and one transistor for negative half cycle. Therefore, both the transistor conduct for full cycle duration. The Class B power amplifier will avoid the cross-over distortion in the Class B power amplifier. The power amplifier will amplify the current by keeping the voltage at the same level and the output of the power amplifier is applied to the loudspeaker. The loudspeaker will convert the voltage into desired audio signal and the output of the loudspeaker we get amplified audio signal.

3.

Depending upon the gain of the amplifier, the values of resistor can be selected i.e. Ri = 1k and Rf = 100k. The Class B push pull power amplifier consist of the two transistor i.e. ECN100 and ECP100. The two transistor conduct for full cycle duration i.e. the one transistor for positive half cycle and the another transistor for negative half cycle. The collector of both the transistor are connected to the loudspeaker.
0
V6 15Vdc

Q1 2N3904 Q2 2N3906

V5 -15Vdc

4.

The loudspeaker used is of 2watts.

LS1

C. Component Calculation/ Analog Design:

The design steps of the Audio Amplifier is as follows: 1. The microphone driving circuit consists of a resistor and a capacitor. The value of resistor R=1k and capacitor C=4.7uf . The output of the microphone driving circuit if few milivolts.
0

SPEAKER

D. Component List:
V3 9v R1 1k MK1 2 1 MICROPHONE 0 C1 4.7u

Sr. No. 1. 2. 3.

Component Name

Specification Resistor

Quantity

R1 Ri Rf Capacitor

1K 1K 100k

1 1 1

2.

The voltage amplifier consist of the op-amp and the resistor. The input to the voltage amplifier is few volts i.e. 30mV and the output voltage require for the voltage amplifier is 2V. Therefore, the gain of the amplifier is given by, Av =

4.

C1 OP-AMP

4.7uf

5.
V1 9v

UA741 Transistor

---

0
3 R2 1k 2

7 1

U1 6

+ -

6.

ECN100 and ECP100

---

4 5

U A741 V2 9v

Microphone and Speaker 7. CZ03 and 2W speaker --2

0
R3 100k

III.

RESULTS

The 2W Audio Amplifier provides the combined effect of all the three stages i.e. microphone driving circuit, voltage amplifier and a power amplifier. The following result of the audio amplifier is as follows: 1. The input to the microphone is audio signal of the range 20Hz-20KHz. The microphone driving circuit convert this audio signal to a voltage. The output voltage at the microphone driving circuit is 30mV. 2. The voltage amplifier will amplifies the 30mV of the voltage obtained from the microphone output to the 2V which is required for the input of power amplifier. The voltage amplifier consist of the OPAMP to amplify the voltage. 3. The power amplifier will amplify the power level of the amplifier by increasing the current level and by keeping the voltage at the same level from the output of voltage amplifier. the output of class B power amplifier is applied to the loudspeaker. 4. The loudspeaker will produce the audio signal of 2watts.

4. The loudspeaker will conert this signal to a sound. Thus the Audio Amplifier provides addition of all features stated above.

VI. REFERENCES
1. 2. Electronic Device and Circuit theory by Robert bolytested on page no 347 www.alldatasheet.com

VII. ENCLOSURES
1. 2. 3. Datasheet of UA741 Datasheet of microphone CZ03 Datasheet of transistor ECN100 and ECP100

IV.

APPLICATIONS

The Important application of Audio Amplifier are as follows: 1. It is used in public address system. 2. It is used theatrical and cocert sound reinforcement and in domestic sound system. 3. The sound card in a personal computer contain several audio amplifier (depending on the number of channel) as does every stereo and home-theatre system. 4. In Instrumental amplifier such as guitar amplifier.

V. CONCLUSION
The objective of this study was to develop a scheme to design and study of Audio Amplifier. Also the response of individual stage in the amplifier was also studied by taking output from individual stage with respect to ground. The individual stage stages of audio amplifier provides following features: 1. The Microphone driving circuit provides the voltage of few mV and it is applied to preamplifier. The pre-amplifier will amplifies the audio signal. 2. The Voltage amplifier will amplifies this signal of mv to few ampunt of voltage and this voltage is the input to the power amplifier. 3. The Power amplifier will amplifies the power level of the signal, simply by increasing the current and keeping the voltage same i.e. few voltage and at the output of power amplifier we get amplified power and this output is applied to the loudspeaker.