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Trigonometry
rr
Do you know?
1 radian is the angle
made at the centre by
the
arc
of
length
the circle.
If is one of the angle other then right angle, then the side opposite to the angle is perpendicular (P) and the
sides containing the angle are taken as Base ( B) and the hypotenuse (H). In this type of triangles, we can
have six types of ratios. These ratios are called trigonometric ratios.
Sin =
P
B
, Cos =
H
H
Cosec =
H
,
P
Tan =
Sec =
P
B
H
B
, Cot =
B
P
Important Formulae
For any angle :
1.
sin2 + cos2 = 1
2.
1 + tan2 = sec2
3.
1 + cot = cosec
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1 Sin 1
2.
1 cos 1
Maximum and
3.
tan
4.
cot
5.
Sec -1
&
1 Sec
6.
Cosec 1
&
1 Cosec
TIP
90 180
180 270
0 90
270 360
III
IV
TIP
T. Ratios
Angles
Sin
Cos
Tan
Cot
Sec
Cosec
90 -
Cos
Sin
Cot
Tan
Cosec
Sec
90 +
Cos
Sin
Cot
Tan
Cosec
Sec
180 -
Sin
Cos
Tan
Cot
Sec
Cosec
180 +
Sin
Cos
Tan
Cot
Sec
Cosec
270 -
Cos
Sin
Cot
Tan
Cosec
Sec
270 +
Cos
Sin
Cot
Tan
Cosec
Sec
360 -
Sin
Cos
Tan
Cot
Sec
Cosec
360 +
Sin
Cos
Tan
Cot
Sec
Cosec
Ex.1 Simplify
Sol.
Given expression =
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Ex.2 If cot A =
Sol.
cot A =
3
4
tan A =
3
, find the value of 3 cos A + 4 sin A, where A is in the first quadrant.
4
4
3
Perpendicular 4
=
base
3
PR = 4, QR = 3
PQ = (PR ) 2 + (QR ) 2
=
( 4 ) 2 + (3 ) 2 =
16 + 9 =
25
PQ = 5 units
cos A =
cos A =
base
Hypotenuse
PR 4
3
=
and sin A =
5
PQ 5
3 cos A + 4 sin A = 3
3 cos A + 4 sin A =
3
4
9 16
+ 4 = +
5
5
5
5
25
= 5.
5
sin 35 o
Ex.3 Find the value of
o
cos 55
Sol.
sin 35 o
cos 55 o
+ cos 55
o
sin 35
+ cos 55
sin 35 o
2 cos 60 o
2 cos 60 o
sin(90o 55o )
cos(90o 35o )
1
=
+
2
o
sin 35
2
cos 55
o
cos 55o
+ sin 35 1
=
cos 55o
sin 35o
cos ( 90 o ) = sin
=1+11=1
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30
45
60
90
1
sin
1/2
1/2
3/2
cos
3/2
1/2
1/2
tan
1/3
(Not defined)
Properties of triangle
Sine Rule
In any triangle ABC if AB, BC, AC be represented by c, a, b respectively
a
b
c
=
=
= 2R
then we have
sin A
sin B
sin C
c
Where R is circum radius =
b
R
abc
4 Area of triangle
Cosine Rule
In a triangle ABC of having sides of any size, we have the following rule;
Cos A =
b2 + c 2 a2
2bc
Cos B =
c 2 + a2 b2
2ac
Cos C =
a2 + b2 c 2
2ab
Area of triangle
Area =
=
1
1
1
bc sin A = ac sin B = ab sin C
2
2
2
S (S a ) (S b ) (S c )
{ Q sec2 tan2 = 1}
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