Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Index
Plastics - Consumption in Automobiles Future Trends In Indian Automotive Industry Interior & Exterior Applications Pillar Trims Floor Consoles Door Panels/ Door Modules Instrument Panels/ Cockpit Attachment Methods Over Head Systems Ergonomics Basics
2
This plastics consumption (2003) in European Union (27 countries) only figures the plastics parts weighed on passenger cars: production scraps and spare parts are not taken into account as well as commercial vehicles. 3
Approximately 24 % GF
Trend Drivers
Economics
Innovation
Automobile Interiors
Floor Console
Dashboard Structure
Door Module
Knee Bolsters
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PP PP PU UP PA POM
Accelerator Pedal
Injection
Clutch Pedal
Injection
PA
PILLAR TRIMS
INDEX: 1.INTRODUCTION. a.What is pillar Trim? b.Nomenclature c.Location? d.Functions. 3.PART DETAILS. 4.ASSEMBLY/ATTACHEMENTS. 5.FEATURES. 6.PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION. 7.SAFETY REQUIREMENTS.
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INTRODUCTION
What is pillar trim ? Hard trim which covers the Pillar, matching shape, color language and hence gives SIMILAR aesthetic as that of Head liner and other interior.
What is pillar ?
The Structural member that connects the roof and body. "A" PILLAR : The foremost pillar in the upper side structure of a vehicle. Successive pillars rearward are labeled "B", "C" and, for station wagons, "D".
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NOMENCLATURE
PILLARS
B C D
PILLAR TRIMS D
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LOCATION
Pillar trim location in vehicle
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18
The wing doors of the concept T represent a stylistically as well as technically especially independent and fascinating body detail. They are mounted in the upper section of the A-pillars. When opened, they simultaneously swing slightly outwards and steeply upwards. The advantage: an especially comfortable entry and exit as well as comparatively little space required to the side. The rear part of the door creates the B-pillar trim above the door handle and door opener, an extremely robust solution but still sporty and elegant.
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FUNCTIONS
1.
2.
Cover the sheet metal and give the same LOOK as that of head liner/other interior.
3.
4.
Provide space for the subassemblies such as air bag, crush pad, seat belt retractor, etc.
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PART DETAIL
A-PILLAR TRIM AIR BAG DISPLAY COVER. H/L SIDE
TRIM
PUSH NUTS
IP SIDE
CARTRIDGE
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PART DETAILS
B-PILLAR TRIM AIR BAG DISPLAY COVER ATTACHES TO UPPER TRIM
UPPER TRIM
LOWER TRIM
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PART DETAILS
B-PILLAR TRIM SLOT FOR BELT HEIGHTADJUSTMENT HEAT STAKE
PART DETAILS
B-PILLAR WITH CARTRIDGE B-PILLAR WITH BELT SLIDER
CARTRIDGE
BELT SLIDER
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PART DETAILS
C-PILLAR TRIM H/L SIDE
FITS TO BODY
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PART DETAILS
C-PILLAR TRIM
PART DETAIL
D-PILLAR TRIM SEAT BELT SLOT
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C / D - PILLAR
C-D COMBINED AS SINGLE TRIM
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ASSEMBLY / ATTACHMENTS
B-PILLAR LOWER WITH DOOR PILLAR TRIMS WITH BIW
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ASSEMBLY / ATTACHMENTS
A-PILLAR
INSTRUMENT PANEL
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ASSEMBLY / ATTACHMENTS
A-PILLAR TO BIW
PUSH NUT
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ASSEMBLY / ATTACHMENTS
B-PILLAR UPPER TO LOWER B-PILLAR LOWER TO BIW (DOOR SCUFF)
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DOOR SCUFF
DOOR SCUFF
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ASSEMBLY / ATTACHMENTS
C/D-PILLAR TO BIW
ASSEMBLY / ATTACHMENTS
PILLAR TO HEAD LINER
1. Headliner and weather strips should overlap consistently for system proveout. (H/L and B, C-pillar trim to weather stripping - 12 mm) . 2. Pillar trims and weather-strips should overlap consistently for system prove out. (A-pillar to weather-weather stripping -5-8 mm).
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ASSEMBLY / ATTACHMENTS
A-PILLAR TO H/L A-PILLAR TRIM B-PILLAR TO H/L HEAD LINER
HEAD LINER A-PILLAR TRIM C-PILLAR TO H/L HEAD LINER NOTE : The overlap b/w head liner and pillar trims will be 10 to 15mm.
C-PILLAR TRIM
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FEATURES
1.SEAT BELT 2.AIR BAG
3.CRUSH PAD
4.GRAB HANDLE
5.GAUGES
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FEATURES
SEAT BELT ASSY
D-RING
BELT MODULE
B-PILLAR TRIM SEAT BELT HOW THE SEAT BELT SYSTEM GET ASSEMBLED
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FEATURES
AIR BAG
AIR BAG DISPLAY COVER WHERE DOES THE AIR BAG GET PLACED?
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FEATURES
CRUSH PAD
RIB CARTRIDGE
CRUSH PAD
B-PILLAR TRIM
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FEATURES
GRAB HANDLE Model: U322 Customer: CHRYSLER
GRAB HANDLE
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GAUGES
The meter gauges to monitor: Boost EGT (Exhaust Gas Temp) CDT (Compressor Discharge Temp) Fuel Pressure Oil Pressure Volts Water Temp Oil Temp Transmission Temp Air/Fuel Ratio
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GAUGES
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PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION
Performance Specification for Hard trim and Garnish Environment Cycle Heat Age Infrared Heat Exposure Adhesion Safety 1. FMVSS 302 : Parameters Requirements 2. FMVSS 201 : Parameters Test method Requirements : - Vehicle level test. : - FMVSS 201 : - HIC d value should be 1000 or less. : - Determine the burn resistance within inch of the occupant airspace. : - The individual components and composites shall not burn or transmit a flame front across its surface at a rate more than 101.6 mm/min.
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Floor Consoles
45
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29 LOC HAN-T CON FLOOR OPT 30 RUBBER CAP RH 31 RUBBER CUP LH 32 BOT TUN BRKT FRT 33 CONTACT ELEM BKT 34 CVR PLT RR 35 BKT TUN CON FRT AU 36 BEARIN ARMREST 37 IK CARPET
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47
A B C of DOOR TRIMS/MODULES
48
Door Module :
Door Module carrier with window regulator, latch, inner release handle etc High Integrated Door trim Module without carrier , with all the module components fitted directly on the Door trim
49
Ford Ikon
Fiat Siena
51
Ford Endevour
52
53
54
55
Power Window
56
Power Window
57
Power Window
58
Power Window
59
Power Window
Electric Motor Worm Gear Spur Gear Linkage
60
Electric Motor
Normal DC motor used to actuate the lifting
61
62
63
64
Linkage Rod
The Rod on which glass is lifted.
65
Cup Holder
Accessory to hold your Cup .
66
Magazine Pocket
67
Audio Speakers
68
69
Reflectors
70
Reflectors
71
72
Air Bag
73
74
75
76
Keyless Go!
Just take a Smart Card with you and Touch the door to open it. Enables you to start ignition by a button. Allows Passive Exit.
77
78
FRONT DOOR MAP POCKET IS ATTACHED WITH SCREWS TO REDUCE THE HEAT STEAK M/C COST (AS A LOW VOLUME PRODUCTION) RIBS IN THE MAP POCKET TO AVOID WARPAGE
79
SWITCH BEZEL ANB40012 (LH) ANB40023 (RH) CLIPS 16754704 (QTY- 05) WINDOW SWITCH 10377668 (LH) 10377669 (RH)
LOCK BEZEL LOWER 90560166 (QTY- 02) LOCK BEZEL UPPER 13104077 (QTY- 02) NUTS 11519497 (QTY- 04)
LOGO ANB50020 (QTY- 02) SPK. GRILL 10370444 (LH) 10370406 (RH) BOLTS 1158901074 (QTY- 04) COVER 10393132 (QTY- 02) LAMP 15021517 (LH) 15021518 (RH)
80
81
82
83
UPPER SUBSTRATE
84
ARMREST SUB-ASSEMBLY
HANGER ASSY
85
SWITCH BEZEL
WINDOW SWITCH
86
ALLUMINIUM FOIL
HANDEL BEZEL
PLASTIC
REMOTE HANDEL
87
88
89
90
COVER ANB43200 (LH) ANB43300 (RH) SUBSTRATE ANB40029 (LH) ANB43005 (RH) COVER ANB40026 (LH) ANB43004 (RH) ALUM BEZEL ANB43008 (LH) ANB43009 (RH) CLIPS 16754704 (QTY -04) FOAM ANB50002 (LH) ANB50003 (RH) CLIPS ANB40006 (QTY -04)
GASKET ANB50007 (QTY 04) LOCK BEZEL LOWER 90560166 (QTY 02) LOCK BEZEL UPPER 13104077 (QTY 02) NUT 11519497 (QTY 04) HANGER BKT ANB43010 (LH) ANB43012 (RH) MAP POCKET 10370371 (LH) 10370399 (RH) PANEL LOWER ANB40027 (LH) ANB43007 (RH) LAMP ASM 15021517 (LH) 15021518 (RH) BOLT 11589010 (QTY 04)
ALUM BEZEL ANB43008 (LH) ANB43009 (RH) RETAINER 11519031 (QTY 18)
91 SPK. GRILL
10370897 (LH) 10370898 (RH)
Locaters
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C- PILLER
LOCK BEZEL
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HANDEL BEZEL
HANDLE ASSY
REINFORCEMENT FOR SIDE CRASH TEST AS PER FMVSS-202 C PILLER Material - ABS
94
ARMREST ASSY
95
ARMREST SUBSTARTE
FOAM BUN
ARMREST TRIM
96
97
Latch
DOOR MODULE
Double Arm Window Lifter Door trim panel + Mechanisms
100
DOOR MODULE
Double Rail Window Regulator Door trim panel + Mechanisms
101
DOOR MODULE
Single Rail Window Lifter Door trim panel + Mechanisms
102
DOOR MODULE
Single Rail Window Lifter Door trim panel + Mechanisms
103
Level of Modularity
Level 1
Components
Level 2
Functional Integration Function Improvement
- Steel HW Module
Level 3
Systems Integration Full Modular Door
- Door HW Module - Door Trim Module - Door Structure - Glass, Seals, etc.
Level 4
Full Door Integration Total Modular Door
- Outer Skin - DH Subsystems - Door E/E Arch. - Door Structure - Inner Trim, etc.
Components
- Latches - Trim - Regulators - Hinges - Handles - Wiring - Switches
____________________ Up-Integration
- Super Plug Door Module - Door Trim Module - X Frame / Hybrid HW Mod.
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Components Carrier
105
Structural Module
Metal Carrier
106
+
Door Trim Module Door Structure
Outer panel
- Inner sheet metal with - Door inner sheet metal - Openings in the inner sheet metal to assembly openings to assembly completely open (door the door module (same the components stiffness reduced) stiffness than traditional - Reinforcements in the - More reinforced door due to the big opening door) critical areas (hinges, in the inner sheet metal - Same reinforcements latch, upper area, etc) 109 than in a traditional door
Loudspeaker
WR support
111
Latch support
112
113
Medallion:
- Low pressure injection technology. - Cover with fabric. - Integration of the clips in the medallion part.
114
Medallion clips
Sealing system:
- Sealing joint all around the door trim panel. - Every mobile piece has a seal joint. - The sealing concept is validated and in the market.
116
Sealing system:
Section AA
Door trim
A
Sealing profile Door sheet metal
117
118
AIM
ON COMPLETION OF THE TRAINING THE PARTICIPANT WILL BE ABLE TO DESCRIBE DIFFERENT INSTRUMENT PANELS.
AGENDA
INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUMENT PANEL
EXPLAIN SIGNIFICANCE OF IP - SAFETY - COMFORT DIFFERENT PARTS OF IP - IDENTIFICATION - FUNCTIONS SUMMARY EVALUATION
119
Architectural Options
Material Options
IP Assembly Process
Vehicle GA Process
120
Function
Cup holders Electronics Electronic integration Easy to read instrumentation Heads-up display features Storage Long lasting - durable
Styling
Interior Designed Sleek, modern, coordinated colors and textures Luxurious look and feel
Vehicle Affordability
Total cost Cost-performance-feature ratio
121
Static stiffness upon vertical and transverse loads Frequency response of column and column/support subsystems Frequency response of IP system Knee intrusion and knee load management capability Occupant deceleration management Energy absorption capability of IP system Maximum load carrying capability and collapse load Cross-vehicle load path continuity Local structural stiffness Local energy absorption and load carrying capability Load management capability Steering column movement
122
Steering column static stiffness upon vertical and transverse loads Steering column frequency response Steering column and column support system frequency response
Frequency response of IP system IP system durability Long-term structural performance Aging behavior Environmental response Road Surfaces Engine
oC
123
Upper torso load management Occupant deceleration Knee and lower leg energy and load management Knee intrusion Load transfer capability
30mph / 48kmh Vehicle Pulse
ODB Impact
Driver front end crash behavior Localized IP deflection behavior Front-of-Dash intrusion and steering column deflection Load path between steering 124 column, IP and vehicle body
Instrument Panel
125
INSTRUMENT PANEL THE MOST IMPORTANT AND CRUCIAL SUBSYSTEM FOR A CAR
?
HOWS THAT????????????????????
126
The Instrument Panel (IP), IP Structure, and Console are key to customer perception of the vehicle.
Safety performance Aesthetic appearance Human interfaces
127
FUNCTIONS OF IP
The IP & Console locate most driver controls, vehicle subsystems and feedback devices.
The IP Reinforcement provides structural mounting . Support components of vehicle subsystems for the comfort, convenience, and protection of the occupants.
128
129
130
Carrier
NOZZLE-W/S DEFR
DUCT-AIR INL
131
PANEL-INST LWR
REINFORCEMENT ASM-I/P
132
PANEL ASM-INST
KLEMMUTTER 2,5x8,5
BLIND RIVET 4-K12 4x10 Pos. 9 DUCT-I/P AIR OTLT BLIND RIVET 4-K12 4x16 PANEL ASM-INST LWR
TUBULAR RIVET
133
GLOVEBOX ASM
134
SPRING CLIP
ADAPTER
COMPTARTMENT ASM-I/P
135
HINGE-I/P COMPT
ROD-I/P COMPT DR LAT REL SPRINGACTUATOR LEVER-I/P COMPT DR LAT PANEL-I/P COMPT DR OTR
136
INSTALLATION-I/P MLDG
137
MOLDING-I/P CTR
138
139
COUNTERSUNK SCREW
140
MOUNTING RAIL
COVERING STEERING
141
142
PANEL ASM-I/P TR
PANEL ASM-I/P TR
143
PANEL ASM-I/P TR
SPRING
PANEL IN
PANEL OTR
144
145
ENVIRONMENT COMPONENTS
NAVIGATION DISPLAY
146
Abbreviations
Abbrevations HLU RIM GMT IM/BMC RTM UP VE PU EP MF CSM SMC CS LCP PI PTE PPE MPPO Hand Lay UP Reaction Injection Moulding Stampable Thermoplastics Injection moulding ( Bulk moulding Compound) Resin Transfer Moulding Unsaturated Polyester Vinyl Ester Poly urethane Epoxy Mineral Filled Chopped strand Mat ( Glass) Sheet Moulding Compound Chopped Strands ( Glass ) Liquid Crystaline Polymers Polyimides Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomer Poly phenyelene ether Modified Poly Phenylene Oxide
147
148
149
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
INDEX
ATTACHMENT METHODS USED IN IP GMX-211 ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY LINE JEEP LIBERTY GENERAL PROCEES FLOW DIAGRAM
160
VARIOUS ATTACHMENT AIDE : Screws & Nuts Rivets Clips Plastic Fasteners Pour In Place Gluing Snap Fixing Welding Vibration Welding Ultrasonic Insert Molding Cable Clips Self Retaining Speed Nuts
161
SCREWS & NUTS : Screws & Nuts: High Bonding Strength Resistance to Vibration Standardized part Availability Low Cost Low Assembly Time
162
163
GMX-211
BENEFITS: Plug a Temporarily Unused Hole Provide Vibration-resisting Fasten in Wood, Heavy Gauge Metal Odd-shaped Panel Holes Reduced Cycle Time Lower Cost
ROBOTICS NUT
Expansion-Type Fasteners
164
SEATING LOCATION
165
GMX-211
SECTIONAL VIEW
166
ASSEMBLED VIEW
GMX-211
167
GMX-211
168
EXPANSION NUT
Expansion-Type Fasteners
169
SEATING LOCATION
170
ASSEMBLED VIEW
171
SECTIONAL VIEW
172
BLIND RIVETS:
ECONOMICAL VERSATILE EASY-TO-USE SPEED OF ASSEMBLY, CONSISTENT MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND EXCELLENT INSTALLED APPEARANCE,
Types:
Dome Head Most widely available and commonly used head style. Countersunk Head -120 The Countersunk Head Blind Rivet is used in applications requiring a flush surface. Multi-Grip Blind Rivets Plastic Blind Rivets Olympic Mega-Grip Rivets Very High strength
173
The graph illustrates the mechanical function of a blind break-mandrel rivet during installation.
BLIND RIVET
174
GMX-211
ASSEMBLED VIEW
GMX-211
176
TUBULAR RIVET
BEFORE PROCESSING
AFTER PROCESSING
177
Clips : A low cost replacement for screws and rivets. Can be used for metal, plastic, and a variety of materials. Ideal for assembling gaskets, nameplates, and lightweight panels to other panels and components
178
GMX-211
BENEFITS: Designed for Use Over Rectangular Studs Reduced Cycle Time Lower Cost Most Suitable where Removability is Criterion
GENERALLY USED FOR LIGHTWEIGHT APPLICATION.
TRIM CLIPS
179
GMX-211
KNEE BOLSTER
ASCRY PLATE
SEATING LOCATION
180
ASSEMBLED VIEW
GMX-211
ASSEMBLED VIEW
182
Cable Clips :
Provide strong, reliable retention. Maintain dimensional stability. Work with a wide range of diameters. Reduce parts handling and speed the assembly process. Be conveniently removed and reused as needed
183
GMX-211
184
GMX-211
SEATING LOCATION
185
ASSEMBLED VIEW
GMX-211
186
GMX-211
SECTIONAL VIEW
187
GMX-211
188
ASSEMBLED VIEW
GMX-211
189
PLASTIC FASTENERS : Lightweight, yet durable. Provide corrosion resistance. Offer thermal and electrical insulation. Can be easily removed and reused. Are an attractive fastening alternative, that is reliable and long-lasting.
190
POUR IN PLACE : Benefits of Insert Molding Reduces Assembly Time Can be used on Irregular surfaces Consistent quality Durable surface Design and decoration flexibility Choice of textures Touch N Feel No adhesive
IT REQUIRES SECONDARY TRIMMING OPERATION
191
192
193
194
Dylark
195
GLUEING
196
SNAP FIXING :
Reduces Part Count Eliminate Screws, Clips, Adhesives, Or Other Joining Methods Faster Cheaper Flexibility Of One Time Assembly/ Service Assembly
TOOL BECOMES COMPLEX
197
Figure 1: A pen sometimes utilizes an annular snap fit to retain the cap.
198
Figure 4: These four snap fit designs allow different types of disassembly.
199
201
Welding :
Advantages of Welding
Speed Strong Joints Tolerance of Contaminated Surfaces. Joins Difficult Substrates, Such As Polyolefins Improved Recyclability
Welding :
Ultrasonic welding
Most Commonly Used Thermoplastic Welding Very Fast (Fractions to a Few Seconds) Free of Flash. Easy to Automate Suitable for High Volume Production.
Welding :
Vibration welding
Suitable for Most Thermoplastics, (Amorphous and Semi crystalline) More Tolerant of Moisture in the Polymer, Nylons Best Results When the Joints Are Planar
204
Insert Molding :
205
206
207
TOPICS
Why headliners are used? Types of headliners What mean by A,B,C surfaces Terminologies used in headliners Major Subsystems Additional Subsystems Design Consideration Headliner Manufacturing Process Assembly Sequence Vehicle environment for headliners
208
The function of the headliner over the past years has evolved from merely a "liner to that of a vital player in both structural and acoustical soundness and silence respectively. The headliners today are a sandwich of many different materials that are combined in order to enhance these properties Enhances appearance Conceals roof structure Promotes interior harmony Feels good (soft) Avoids odor Avoids fogging
209
TYPES OF HEADLINERS
210
STANDARD HEADLINER
GRAB HANDLE CUTOUT CUTOUT FOR `B PILLAR CUTOUT FOR `C PILLAR
CUTOUT FOR ?
CUTOUT FOR RECEPTACLE CUTOUT FOR BEZEL CUTOUT FOR MAP LAMP
211
212
213
TOP SLIDER
214
POP-UP
215
ELECTRIC SPOILER
216
FOLDING TYPE
217
WHAT MEAN BY A, B, C, SURFACE From the design point of view, only 3 surfaces are considered; A-Surface The fabric side or Interior show surface. B-Surface Surface from the back side of the fabric to the laminated blank outer surface. C-surface Top most surface which is closest to the sheet metal (Roof) and is opposite the A surface Closing Surface The side wall of boundary and internal cutouts. This surface is part of A or C surface from CAD file point of view `C
CLOSING SURFACE SURFACE
A SURFACE
`B SURFACE
218
TERMINOLOGY - MATERIAL
COVER GOODS
Polyurethane core: The main component for binding other materials to itself. known as the high strength board under the basic construction of chopped glass, adhesive, and PET scrim. Cover Goods: The material which makes up the outermost aesthetics (fabric) and is mated with the laminated blank on the 2nd surface. This material is usually made up of fabric +foam +adhesive (tri-laminate).
219
TERMINOLOGY - MATERIAL
COVER GOODS
Face Fabric: Comes in many types with base thread of either Polyester or Nylon. Scrim: A material normally found on the C surface of the formed substrate which can assist in the ability to attach components and provides protection from human contact against the fiber glass. Adhesive: Material which bonds the substrate to the fiberglass to the scrim to the cover goods.
220
TERMINOLOGY - PERFORMANCE Sag: The deviation from initial installed position to the final position after complete environmental cycling. Peel Strength: The ability of the fabric to withstand a 180 degree pull from the formed substrate. Acoustic Ability: Ability to absorb sound from varying sources such as roof panel noise, road noise, engine noise, and BSRs. Fogging: The ability to not have materials gas out and leave deposits on the interior glass. Flammability: Must comply with government regulations for flame propagation.
221
MAJOR SUB-SYSTEM FOLLOWING ARE THE SUB-SYSTEMS WHICH FORM PART OF OVERHEAD SYSTEM: OVERHEAD CONSOLES VISOR ASSEMBLIES GRAB HANDLES MAP, DOME AND COURTESY LAMPS HEAD IMPACT MANAGEMENT (HIC) ADDITIONAL SUB-SYSTEM: SIDE IMPACT AIRBAGS HVAC CONVENIENCE ELECTRONICS INCLUDING: INTRUSION SENSOR REAR PARKING ASSIST MODULES VIDEO ENTERTAINMENT SYSTEMS
222
MAJOR SUBSYSTEM
223
OVERHEAD CONSOLES
224
VISOR ASSEMBLIES
225
GRAB HANDLES
226
227
WORM TRACKS Worm tracks are groove/channels running on the c-surface of a headliner. Worm tracks hold the wire harness routing in place The wire harness is glued on these tracks Worm tracks are beneficial for allowing clearance to the roof steel, by taking some depth from wires Worm tracks are used as locators also for Foam pads
228
HIC stands for Head Injury Criteria. The HIC number is a relative measure of experimental data to a critical head injury threshold for blunt impact. HIC is a numerical value dervied from the following formula; The formula for HIC of the FMH (free motion headform) is
HIC value should not exceed 1000 as per safety regulations. HIC pads are protective padding between the headliner and vehicle roof, which provide a cushioning effect for occupants head, in the event of a crash.
229
230
231
232
TOPICS
233
ACOUSTICOR
234
POLYBOND
235
THERMOBOND
236
ASSEMBLY SEQUENCE
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
Headliner is placed FSD over Consoles and wire harness is placed Temporarily on the back of the H/L
245
STATION 3: OHC AND WIRE HARNESS (FSD) Wire connections are made to the console, Loosely routed and retainer is positioned
246
247
STATION 3: OHC AND WIRE HARNESS (FSD) Skilled operator applies glue bead and adheres wire harness to it
248
Wire Harness is plugged into table and electrical check is performed and results are stored in computer.
249
VEHICLE ENVIRONMENT
250
HEADLINER ATTACHMENT
251
SLIDER MECHANISM
252
VEHICLE STRUCTURE
ROOF BOW
B PILLAR
253
254
255
256
Z Axis Runs perpendicular to both X and Y planes along the height of the vehicle
Positive Z coordinate is closer the roof of the vehicle Negative Z coordinate is nearer the floor of the vehicle
257
Point of Origin
258
Prints and drawings are two-dimensional, so different views must be used to properly show a point X-Z shows location along length and height X-Y shows location along length and width Y-Z shows location along width and height
259
Grid lines help package and locate objects and spaces Work lines are located on individual parts
Used to lay out parts and project views of parts at different angles
260
Location Terminology
Right Hand Outboard
Fore
Inboard Inboard
Aft
262
Eyellipse
Eyellipse must allow for clear view inside and outside the vehicle Starting point for vehicle design
If the driver cant see properly, vehicle is not safe
264
Importance of SgRP
Establishes the rearmost normal design driving or riding position for each designated seat Considers all modes of adjustment
Horizontal, vertical and tilt
SgRP, torso angle and hip point, define Location of eyellipse in vehicle Wiper pattern Defrost pattern Seat belt zones Airbags and knee blockers Hand reach envelope
267
D-Point
Lowest point on the buttocks contour on Oscar Measures how far the occupant sinks into the seat Used to avoid hard point sin the seat that may make the occupant uncomfortable
Helps determine foam thickness and suspension type
Reaching distances for specific driving populations define and envelope into which primary and secondary controls should be located Reaching distance depends on elevation of the control from H-Point 270 and type of vehicle
271
Measuring H-Point
272
Wanna a Break!
(See u next time)
273