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Narendran Sairam
1. Objective................................................................................................................................................3
2. Materials.................................................................................................................................................3
3. Experimental Procedure.........................................................................................................................4
4. Obtained Data........................................................................................................................................5
12.Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................16
The objective of this lab is to calculate the pH of 3 standards using a pH meter and the obtained
solutions.
Materials:
Squirt Bottle
pH Meter
Fuze(Unknown pH)
Pour the sample into the beaker, lower the electrode into the beaker and shake it to get the
Pull out the electrode, wash it using the squirt bottle and repeat the process one more time.
Next, get samples of the other two standards and get their respective pH readings by following
Once the you have the measurements, use them to create a calibration curve. (See appendix A
Once all the standards have been measured, and the equation of the calibration curve has been
obtained, get the samples of Cranergy, Fuze, Coke, diluted HCl and diluted NaOH one at a time.
Measure their respective pH by using the same procedure that was used for the standards.
Make sure to empty out the beaker after measuring a sample and before filling it up to measure
Once all the solutions with unknown pH are measured, plug their measured values into the
Having done this, you will have the pH measurements of all five solutions. This will enable you
Molarity = 10(-pH)
Once you have the molarity of all the samples, you can use data to solve the individual
Day 1:
Day 2:
Fuze (unknown pH)
Buffer 1 (known pH of 7) Room Temperature: 16.2° C
Room Temperature: 20.0° C Reading 1: 3.68
Reading 1: 7.03 Reading 2: 3.59
Reading 2: 7.04
Coke (unknown pH)
Buffer 2 (known pH of 4.01) Room Temperature: 19.5° C
Room Temperature: 20.2° C Reading 1: 2.70
Reading 1: 4.17 Reading 2: 2.63
Reading 2: 4.23
Buffer 3 (known pH of 10) Diluted HCl (unknown pH)
Room temperature: 19.8° C Room Temperature: 21.6° C
Reading 1: 10.20 Reading 1: 0.10
Reading 2: 10.20 Reading 2: 0.09
Cranergy (unknown pH)
Room Temperature: 18.9° C Diluted NaOH (unknown pH)
Reading 1: 3.23 Room Temperature: 20.1° C
Reading 2. 3.18 Reading 1: 13.57
Reading 2: 13.39
Note:
The readings that are provided here are not guaranteed to be 100% accurate due to the quality
of the pH meter. Please keep in mind that there is most probably a small margin of error in all the data
that follows because all the other data in this Lab was be obtained from this basic data.
Calibration Curve for Day 1
12
f(x) = 1x + 0.05
10
Column B
Linear regression for
Column B
Actual pH
0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Measured pH
Calibration Curve for Day 2
12
f(x) = 1x - 0.12
10
Column B
Linear re-
gression for
Actual pH
6
Column B
0
3 4 5
Measured pH
6 7 8 9 10 11
Calculations:
The following table shows the actual pH of the measured samples in accordance to the calibration
curve. All values in the 'Measured pH' column are arithmetic means of the readings.
The following table shows the calculated molarity of the samples using the formula:
Molarity = 10(-pH)
Day 1
Day 2
given sample.
Known:
Number of liters = 1
Unknown:
Moles NaOH
Grams NaOH
grams NaOH = (1.03514219 x 10-11moles NaOH) * (33.9973 grams NaOH) / (1 mole NaOH)
3.04477764 x 10-13 grams NaOH were dissolved in the solution on the first day, assuming that the
Known:
Number of liters = 1
Unknown:
Moles NaOH
Grams NaOH
grams NaOH = (4.76264269 x 10-14 moles NaOH) * (33.9973 grams NaOH) / (1 mole NaOH)
1.90492848 x 10-12 grams NaOH were dissolved in the solution on the second day, assuming that the
Day 1
Amount of NaOH that would be found in 20 ml of H2O is 2.0702858 x 10-13 moles NaOH.
Day 2
Amount of NaOH that would be found in 20 ml of H2O is 9.52528538 x 10-15 moles NaOH.
Calculation:
The following calculation determines the number of milliliters of HCl that were used to create
Known:
Density = 1.2g/ml
Unknown:
Moles HCl
Grams HCl
Milliliters HCl
grams HCl = (6.309573445 x 10-1 moles HCl) * (36.46094 grams HCl) / (1 mole HCl)
Therefore:
The diluted HCl solution contained 19.17108157 milliliters of HCl dissolved in it on the first day,
Known:
Molarity = 1.066694363 M
Density = 1.2g/ml
Unknown:
Moles HCl
Grams HCl
Milliliters HCl
grams HCl = (1.066694363 moles HCl) * (36.46094 grams HCl) / (1 mole HCl)
Therefore:
The diluted HCl solution contained 32.41056597 milliliters of HCl dissolved in it on the second day,
Day 1
Day 2
This calculations shows the amount of H3PO4 dissolved in 12 fl. oz. (355 ml) of Coke.
There are 0.1014294636 grams H3PO4 or 0.0010350429 moles of H3PO4 dissolved in 12 fl. oz. Of
Coke.
Conclusion:
Both the days of this lab involved tedious procedures and judicious following of instructions
and, as a result, the lab was a definite success. All the objectives were fulfilled and the results are
documented in this report. Unfortunately, owning to the quality of the pH meters and the constantly
changing environment of the lab, the pH measurements were not accurate. In fact, the same buffers
displayed different results on different days. To solve this dilemma, a calibration curve was used and
the equation of this curve is used to calculate the accurate pH of the other samples.
With the pH problem solved, the molarity of all the sample was found using the formula :
Molarity = 10-pH. Using the molarity the fllowing tasks were accomplished:
Calibrations curves can be obtained by using Microsoft Excel. Follow the instructions below to get
your curve:
Enter the measured pH values of your standards(the average of the readings if you have more
than one reading for each standard.) in column A and the actual pH values of the standards in
column B.
Make sure that you have the measured values and the actual values of the standards next to each
Select all the cells and open the Insert menu from Menu Bar and click Chart.
Select you preferences and customize the chart. Make sure to pick a (XY) Scatter Plot to start
with.
Once you have the graph, right click on one of the points and select the 'Add treadline' option.
Once the line appears on the graph, right click on the line and select he 'Format treadline'
Check the box next to the option that says “Display equation of line on the graph.”
You can use the formula of the line to make sure that you have accurate pH measurements of all
the samples.