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NucIeur Power PIunL AdvunLuges
DIsudvunLuges
by kiran111
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The need for nuclear power plant
lies in the fact the hunger for electricity increases day by day. The depletion
of fossil fuels such as coil, oil and gas lead to seek for some alternate
power source and nuclear power is the only power source that can meet the
future electricity demands in the future.
Therefore this is the reason in spite of the fear of nuclear accidents new
plants are commissioning at faster pace. State of art technology is
implemented in nuclear plants around the world and lot of focus was made
on the safety of the nuclear plants.
Some of the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear plants are explained
below
Adanage:
Some of the advantages of Nuclear plants are:
1 kg of fuel of uranium gives energy equivalent 3,000 tonnes of high
grade coal. Therefore in nuclear power plant the amount of fuel
required is very less compared to conventional thermal power plant.
Transportation and storage of the fuel is easier.
Fossil fuel reserves depleting at higher rate. Therefore the cost of
electricity production through coal and oil reserves increases per
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kilowatt hour compared to nuclear power plant, i.e, operational cost of
nuclear plant is cheaper
Nuclear power plants does not emit green house gases in to
atmosphere unlike thermal power plants. Therefore nuclear power is
clean and environmental friendly
Nuclear power plants require little space compared to thermal power
plant for the same MW output. Thermal plants require lot of space for
coal storage, handling and ash pond. The fuel storage in nuclear plant
requires less space and spent fuel coming out of the reactor is stored
in small water tank.
Nuclear fuel is available in plenty amount all over the world. Therefore
fuel supply to plants will be continuing for hundreds of years.
The output efficiency of nuclear plants is higher compared to thermal
power plants and cost of electricity produced per unit is cheaper.
Nuclear reactors such as breeder reactors will breed the fuel in reactor,
over a period of time of operation of reactor the amount of fuel
provided into the reactor will be equal to the fuel given output from the
reactor. This is possible by converting fertile material to fissile material
inside the reactor.
Nuclear plants always operate as base load plants. Therefore plant
availability factor and load factor of the plant is quite high
Diadanage:
Some of the disadvantages of nuclear plants are listed below:
In Nuclear plants safety is primary concern rather producing electricity.
There is significant risk of leakage of radiation in case of any accident.
The fission by products released are generally radio active and pollute
the land, water, atmosphere and other natural resources. The land
around the plant is considered as no man land for living for at least
thousands of years
During shutdown of the reactor, decay heat is still produced from the
reactor due to fission daughter products. This decay heat constitutes
around 8 to 10% of the reactor power. For example consider reactor
have a power of 500MW, decay heat generated from the reactor will be
of the order of 40 to 50MW. This heat is to be continuously removed
from the reactor else there is a chance of core melt down which can
cause accident and radiation release. Modern plants are designed to
remove decay heat through passive cooling if all the power supplies to
the plant is lost which safeguard the reactor core
It requires large water mass for cooling purpose. Therefore the plant
should be near to sea or river
Nuclear power plants always operate as base load plants and cannot
support grid during transient conditions. In nuclear plant Turbine follows
Reactor. Whatever may be the demand for electricity Nuclear plant
does not worry. It produces the power proportional to the reactor
power. Therefore it does not support electrical grid during transients.
Because varying reactor power with respect to load will affect the
safety and life of the plant.
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It requires large area around the plant to be isolated from living (almost
5 kms radius)
State of art technology is required thereby increasing the cost and
operators and other personnel should be highly skilled to tackle any
situations
Relaed Link:
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