Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS
Use of Thermodynamics:
Designing work producing machine Heat engine, Steam engine, Gas turbine Designing work Absorbing machine Refrigerator, Air compressor No work transfer systems -boiler, condenser and furnace.
Where no work is transferred, the Thermodynamic problem involves the use of heat to produce the change in state or the transfer of mass with a chemical reaction, as in the combustion of a fuel.
Surrounding 8
INTRODUCTION
BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS
2.2.1 System: It can be defined as a definite quantity of matter, which is bounded by a closed surface. a. Closed system: It is a system in which energy alone is transferred and not mass. b. Open system: It is a system in which both energy and mass transfer takes place. 2.2.2 Surroundings: Anything other than a system are called surroundings 2.2.3 Property: The parameter which gives the quality or condition of the system is known as property. Properties are classified as intensive and extensive properties a. Intensive property: Property which does not depend upon mass of the system is Intensive property E.g. Pressure, Temperature, Thermal conductivity etc. b. Extensive Properties Property which depends upon mass of the system is Extensive Properties. E.g. volume, mass, energy etc.
INTRODUCTION
BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS
2.3.3 Second Law of Thermodynamics: First Law gives only energy balance. It does not mention anything about the direction of energy transfer Thermal equipments can be identified only when the direction of energy transfer is known.Second Law gives both energy balance and direction of energy transfer. 2.3.4 Boyles Law If temperature remain constant, than volume is inversely proportional to temperature. 2.3.5 Charles Law If pressures remain constant then volume is directly proportional to temperature.
2.4.2 Irreversible process Any process which is not reversible is irreversible. All real and actual process is irreversible processes.
2.4.3 Cyclic process A process which repeated again and again called as cyclic process like Rankine cycle
INTRODUCTION
BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS
BOILER
INTRODUCTION
BASICS OF THERMODYNAMICS
12