TNG QUAN V OFDM

Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin Ky thut Qun s

OFDM l gi?
OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
L ky thut iu ch a sng mang (multicarrier) trc giao

u im:
Hiu sut s dng ph tn cao: cc bng tn con c th chng ln ln nhau C kha nng chng li pha inh chn lc theo tn s (ISI) tt Kha nng chng li pha-inh su va nhiu bng hp
Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS 2

ng dng ca OFDM
Pht qung ba s:
Pht thanh s (DAB), Truyn hnh s (DVB)

Thng tin Hu tuyn:

ADSL, HDSL

Thng tin V tuyn:

WLAN: 802.11a/g/n (Wifi) WMAN: 802.16 (Wimax) di ng 4G
Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS 3

Knh truyn V tuyn Bng rng (Broadband Radio Channels)

Knh truyn V tuyn Bng rng

nh hng ca truyn sng a ng tng tri tr (delay spread) hin

Maximum Delay Spread

Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS 5

Knh khng bin i theo thi gian

Trong trng hp khng c chuyn ng, nh hng ca knh nh mt b lc LTI (Linear Time Invariant Filter)

p ng xung ca knh

Time-Invariant Channel transfer function

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

Knh bng hp (Narrowband Channel)

Th no l knh bng hp (narrowband channel) max Symbol duration Ts
B 1 HT ( f ) const. for f , with B 2 Ts Hm truyn t ca knh c gia thit l khng i trong khong bng tn tn hiu B

No frequency-selective fading No Inter-Symbol Interference

Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS 7

Knh bng rng (Broadband Channel)

Th no l knh bng rng (broadband channel) max Symbol duration Ts Hm truyn t knh thng ging trong khong bng tn knh B

Frequency-selective fading InterSymbol Interference (ISI)

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

Slow fading and Fast fading

nh gia mc bin i ca knh thng qua coherence time Coherence time l n v thi gian ti thiu m bin tn hiu mt tng quan so vi gia tr ti thi im trc o

Tc =

k fD max

k = v , with k = 0.25 0.5 fc c

Slow fading

Fast fading

Ts > Tc
Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

Ts

Tc
9

Frequency Selectivity and ISI

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

10

Chuyn ng ca MS (Doppler Spread)

Doppler frequency

fD =

v fc cos c

SD (f ) = f 1 D 0

( )
f fD

| f | fD | f |>| fD |

nh hng ca chuyn ng MS -Tn s sng mang bi dch mt on fD - Mi path c gc ti khc nhau nn b dch mt on khc nhau, to nn ph iu ch Doppler t fD,max fD,max
Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS 11

Knh bin i theo thi gian

Trong trng hp c chuyn ng, nh hng ca knh nh mt b lc LTV (Linear Time Variant Filter)

Channel impulse response

time variant

Time-variant channel transfer function

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

12

C s v Truyn dn a sng mang Multicarrier Transmission

Truyn dn tc thp

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

14

Truyn dn tc cao

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

15

Transmission Rate vs Bandwidth

Chu nh hng ca ISI

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

16

Truyn dn Multicarrier
Chia nho bng tn thnh K knh nho, khng chu nh hng ca ISI

Mi knh con c th coi l phng, vi h s knh m ta bi mt s phc

Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS 17

u im ca truyn dn a sng mang

Truyn dn ni tip n sng mang: max Tsc

nh hng ln bi ISI Cn complex time-domai equalization

Truyn dn song song a sng mang: max Tmc = KTsc

Trnh c nh hng ca ISI Simple frequency-domai equalization
Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

Trn Xun Nam

18

MultiCarrier vs Single Carrier

Ts,MC = K Ts,SC

B = K f

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

19

S truyn dn multicarrier
TsT = KTKT =
s

s n (0)
T Ts

(.)dt T
s

~ s n (0)
Ts

s n (1) s n ( K- 1) ,..,s n (0) S/P

j 2p f 0 t

-j 2p f 0 t

(.)dt T
s

~ s n (1)
Ts

e s n ( K -1) e

j 2p f 1 t

Channel

+ Noise

-j 2p f 1 t

P/S

~ ~ s n ( K -1), ..,s n (0)

(.)dt T
s

~ ( K -1) sn
Ts

j 2p f K-1 t

-j 2p f K-1 t

Transmitter

Receiver

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

20

C s v OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Multicarrier Transmission and OFDM

Single Carrier

Guard band Multicarrier

OFDM

Saved bandwidth

Ph chng ln nhng khng c ICI do tnh cht trc giao (orthogonality)

Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS 22

Tnh cht trc giao trong OFDM

TsT = KTKT =
s

s n (0)
T Ts

(.)dt T
s

~ s n (0)
Ts

s n (1) s n ( K- 1) ,..,s n (0) S/P

j 2p f 0 t

-j 2p f 0 t

(.)dt T
s
1

~ s n (1)
Ts

e j 2p f t
1

Channel

+ Noise

e -j 2p f t

P/S

~ ~ s n ( K -1), ..,s n (0)

s n ( K -1) e
j 2p f K-1 t

(.)dt T
s

~ ( K -1) sn
Ts

-j 2p f K-1 t

Transmitter

Receiver

Cc sng mang con trc giao ln nhau

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

23

My pht OFDM
Biu din thi gian lin tc ca OFDM symbol th i
si (t ) = 1 1 iTs j 2k ft si,k rect T e K k =0 s
K 1 k =0

K 1

Biu din thi gian gin on ca OFDM symbol th i

si,n = si (n t ) =
Do

1 K

si,ke j 2k f nt

f t =

1 Ts 1 = Ts K K
j 2 k n K

s i,n =

1 K

K 1 k =0

si,ke

IDFT ca si,k

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

24

S my pht OFDM

OFDM Modulation using IDFT

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

25

OFDM Signals
s(n)
Amplitude

1
0
T

2T

3T

Ts

-1
S/P conversion

Ts t

Ts t Sub-carrier 1, f 1 Ts Ts t Sub-carrier 2, f 2

Amplitude

Amplitude

Amplitude

s0

Sub-carrier 0, f 0 1
1 0 -1

Sub-channel 1 signal

Ts t

-1 1
0

-1 1
0

s1
Amplitude

Sub-channel 2 signal

Ts

Amplitude

Amplitude

1 0 -1 1 0 -1 1 0 -1 Ts t

-1 1
0

-1
1 0 -1 1 0 -1 Ts
t

s1
Amplitude

Sub-channel 3 signal
Ts t

Ts

-1 1
0

Ts

Ts t

Amplitude

s1
Amplitude

Amplitude

Sub-carrier 3, f 3

Amplitude

Amplitude

Sub-channel 4 signal
Ts t

-1

Amplitude

5 0 -5

OFDM signal

Ts t

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

26

OFDM Signal Frequency Spectra

Subcarrrier spectra

Modulated subcarrrier spectra

Spectra of OFDM signal

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

27

Power Spectra of OFDM Signal

Rectangular (noise-like) spectra

Effective bandwidth
Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS 28

Tn hiu thu OFDM

Tn hiu sau gii iu ch a sng mang
si (l ) = 1 K
K 1 k =0
k j 2T lTs s K

si,ne

1 K

K 1 n =0
DFT

si,ne

j 2 nl K

S my thu

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

29

S my thu pht OFDM

Thc t, thay bng IFFT gim complexity

Thc t, thay bng FFT, gim complexity

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

30

nh hng ca tri tr

InterSymbol Interference

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

31

Gii php GI ca OFDM

S dng Guarf Interval trong mi OFDM block Tng di OFDM symbol loi hon ton ISI

iu kin loi ht ISI l

TG max

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

32

Tc dng ca GI

No InterSymbol Interference

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

33

Gii php Cyclic Prefix

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

34

Gii php Cyclic Prefix

OFDM Symbol with CP

CP

OFDM block

Copy & Paste

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

35

Hn ch ca OFDM
Gim hiu sut s dng bng tn: Ts eff = Ts + TG nh hng ca Doppler, mt ng b tn s
Cc knh con mt trc giao Interference InterChannel

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

36

Hiu ng PAPR
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio

T s PAPR ln

nh hng ca PAPR ln: - Cn cc b KCS c gii cng tc tuyn tnh rng, kho ch to, t tin - Hiu sut s dng khng cao, do thng xuyn lm vic mc CS trung bnh, nhng cn thit k KCS vi cng sut nh cao hn rt nhiu
Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS 37

Thit k H thng OFDM

Cc yu t nh hng ti h thng OFDM

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

38

Thit k H thng OFDM (2)

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

39

Thit k H thng OFDM (3)

Knh vt ly xc nh tri tr cc i max va tn s Doppler cc i fD,max Gii hn di ca OFDM symbol: theo di GI max < 0.2Ts = TGI Gii hn trn ca OFDM symbol: theo tn s Doppler
fD,max

Yu cu v OFDM symbol
5 max < Ts < 0.03

v = fc < 0.03 f c

1 fD,max

di FFT xc nh bi bng tn h thng B va OFDM symbol N c = B Ts 2

Trn Xun Nam Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS 40

V du: HIPERLAN/2 Model

Trn Xun Nam

Khoa V tuyn in t Hc vin KTQS

41

Thank you for your attention!