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 , vol. XXXXI (2007), no. 2, . 145183

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162

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 , vol. XXXXI (2007), no. 2, . 145183

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(1990).
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Some Fundamental Categories of Theory of Action: A

General Statement (GTA, pp. 3-29), Values, Motives and Systems of
Action (GTA, pp. 47-243)
, ,
The Social System.
.

:
Parsons, Talkott:
Essays I Essays in Sociological Theory, first ed. (1949), The Free Press, Glencoe
Illinois.
SS The Social System (1951), The Free Press, Glencoe Illinois, 1968, 4th printing.
GTA Toward a General Theory of Action, Talcott Parsons & Edward Shils (eds),
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1951), 1962, 5th printing.
WP Working Papers in the Theory of Action (1953), Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois.
D&L Department and Laboratory of Social Relations: Harvard University; The
First Decade, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1956.
PVR Pattern Variables Revisited: A Response to Robert Dubin, American Sociological Review (August, 1960).
http://www.geocities.com/parsonstalcott/reader/pattern variables.htm
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(1988): Drutva u evolutivnoj perspektivi, Savremena kola, Zagreb.
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(1988): Kritika kao neosholastika: o anatomiji metode ukidanja teorijskog pluralizma, Socioloki pregled, vol. XXII, no. 3, str. 201228.
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(1999): , , 33, . 3-4, . 177-213.
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(2005): : .
, y, .
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Milan Brdar
Faculty of Philosophy
Novi Sad

Summary

SOCIAL SYSTEM THEORY AS A NITTING OF

STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM A CONTRIBUTION
TO THE NEW PARSONS INTERPRETATION
Topic of the article is problem how to understand Parsons theory of the social
system properly as a product of structural functionalism. In other words question
amounts to the method of theory building and thus on the role of main Parsons
pattern variables elaborated in the works of Carnegy Project: The Social System
(1951), Values, Motives and Structure of Action (1951), and Working Papers in the
Theory of Action (1953). Author is about to maintain that crucial conceptual clusters as a basis of Parsons theory buiding are: under the rubric of theory of action:
four pattern variables universalism-particularism, affectivity-neutrality, performance-quality, specificity-difusness; under the rubric of system theory: AGIL eme
namely adaptation, goal-attainment, integration, and latency or pattern maintenance. Conceptual row needed for synthesis of both is provided with: value-rolenorm-collectivity, along the three general problem of any system: structure and
182

 , vol. XXXXI (2007), no. 2, . 145183

inner dynamic, change and hierarchy and controll. Its synthesis is demonstrated on
the all three levels of personality system, social system and system of culture. Thus
is shortly demonstrated how is possible, on strikingly systematic way to build
whole conceptual eme or Parsons system theory. Within this demonstration
speciall attention has been payed to the methodological sense of four pattern
variables. Originality of the given interpretation of Parsons is demonstrated:
1) by showing of the methodological role of pattern variables in the theory
building;
2) by showing the connection between these variables and four ideal types of
action in Max Weber.
Thus follows that four variables are very core of Parsons theory of action, and
this is demonstrated by the elaborated parallelism between Webers and Parsons
concepts. This insight affords the argument that Parsons theory of action is profoundly Weberian, based on higly original reinterpretation of concepts of action and
unique operationalisation on the axis Geselschaft-Gemeinschaft, or modern-premodern society. Whole theory building in The Social System and related works,
Working Papers, and Values, Motives and Concept of Action, could be recostructed
as the result of knitting by two rows of kathegories, on the one side, pattern variables concepts, and on the other side, of AGIL concepts, along the row made of
concepts value-role-norm-collectivity. These cathegorial rows could be conceived
as a three knitting-needles fo knitting of the whole Parsons theory. Therefore, it
could be concluded that Parsons theoretical work is higly systematic, coherent and
reducible to its basic and simple elements. In addition to this it provides original
interpretation of components of modern differrentiated society, and as a third, it
presents possibility to enrich method of social science that so far was unexploited
due to unsound, superficial, unatainable, and ideologically impregned criticism.
Key words: Talcott Parsons, functionalism, system theory, theory of action, pattern variables, modern society, Gemeinschaft, Geselschaft, supertheory, sociology.

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