PATIENT CARE-GIVER

PROGRAMME ON DEPRESSION

 Depression is a serious medical condition that affects

millions of people. Depression is a state of low mood and
aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts,
behavior, feelings and physical well-being,the encouraging
news is that it may be successfully treated.
Learn how you can help manage your depression by
reaching out to others such as a health care professional or
family and friends.

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Causes:
Although no single cause of depression
has been identified, it appears that
interaction among genetic, biochemical,
environmental, and psychosocial factors
may play a role.
FACT: Depression is not a personal
weakness or a condition that can be willed
or wished away, but it can be successfully
treated.

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Risk Factors

It's also common for people to experience

depression and anxiety at the same time

Types of Depression
Major depression - a depressed mood that lasts for at least
two weeks. This may also be referred to as clinical depression
or unipolar depression.
Psychotic depression - a depressed mood which includes
symptoms of psychosis. Psychosis involves seeing or hearing
things that are not there (hallucinations), feeling everyone is
against you (paranoia) and having delusions.
Dysthymia - a less severe depressed mood that lasts for
years.
Mixed depression and anxiety - a combination of symptoms
of depression and anxiety.
Bipolar disorder - (formerly known as manic depressive
illness) - involves periods of feeling low (depressed) and high
(manic).

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CLINICAL TYPE
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 Signs and Symptoms

If you notice any behavioural changes that last for
more than two weeks in family members or friends,
then it is worth asking if the person may be
depressed.

Common behaviour associated with depression

includes:

Moodiness that is out of character

Increased irritability and frustration finding it hard to
take minor personal criticisms
Spending less time with friends and family
Cont.

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Loss of interest in food, sex, exercise or other
pleasurable activities
Being awake throughout the night
Increased alcohol and drug use
Staying home from work or school
Increased physical health complaints like fatigue
or pain
Being reckless or taking unnecessary risks (e.g.
driving fast or dangerously)
Slowing down of thoughts and actions.

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According to the DSM-IV:

Emotional Symptoms
constant sadness
irritability
hopelessness
feeling worthless or guilty for no reason
loss of interest in favorite activities

Physical Symptoms
trouble sleeping
low energy or fatigue
significant weight change
difficulty concentrating

DSM-IV
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Consulting a Doctor is must when:

Thoughts about suicide or dying

Attempts to commit suicide
New or worse depression
New or worse anxiety
Feeling very agitated or restless
Panic attacks

Trouble sleeping (insomnia)

New or worse irritability
Acting aggressive, being angry or violent
Acting on dangerous impulses
An extreme increase in activity and talking (mania)
Other unusual changes in behavior or mood

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Treament
The most commonly prescribed prescription
antidepressant classes are SSRIs (selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitors). SSRIs are believed
to treat depression by affecting the levels of a
neurotransmitter called serotonin. SNRIs are believed to
treat depression by affecting the levels of two
neurotransmitters called serotonin and norepinephrine.
Its important to know that it could take as many as 6 to 8
weeks for the full therapeutic effect to occur. It is
important to give the medication a chance to work and to
take it exactly as directed by your health care
professional.


( serotonin
inhibitors ) SSRIs SNRIs ( norepinephrine inhibitors ) . SSRIs
serotonin neurotransmitter
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 Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is also known as "talk therapy".
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
Family Therapy
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
Healthy living:
Maintain proper sleep habits as advised by your health care
professional.
Eat a well-balanced diet
Manage anxiety as advised by your health care professional
Participate in a structured and supervised exercise program as advised
by your health care professional
Set realistic goals for yourself
Create small and manageable tasks
Let others you can trust such as family and friends help you

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How friends and family can help

Helping you get appropriate diagnosis and treatment

Providing emotional support
Encouraging you to continue your treatment as directed by
your health care professional
Accompanying you to your health care professionals office
Helping to monitor your progress and stay on treatment
Learning and helping you carry out your health care
professionals recommendations for lifestyle changes and
any medication-related dietary restrictions

Information for family and friends of someone with depression

It's not always easy to help someone who may be experiencing
depression. It can be hard to know what to say or do. Below are some
tips.
Talk to the person about how they're feeling.
Listen to what the person says - sometimes, when a person wants to talk,
they're not always seeking advice, but just need to talk about their
concerns.
Maintain eye contact and sit in a relaxed position - positive body language
will help both people feel more comfortable.
Use open-ended questions such as "So tell me about...?" which require
more than a 'yes' or 'no' answer. This is often a good way to start a
conversation.
If conversation becomes difficult or if the person with depression gets
angry, stay calm, be firm, fair and consistent and don't lose control.
Often, just spending time with the person lets them know someone
cares and understands them.
Encourage the person to seek professional help from their family doctor
or a mental health worker.
Take care of yourself. Supporting someone with depression can be
demanding. Family and friends should take 'time out' to look after
themselves.

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 Trying to do something perfectly can make it hard

to do anything at all. Its OK to make it "good
enough." You can always make improvements
later.

Spend more time with people who make you feel

good about yourself, and less time with those who
push your buttons.

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Any Questions???
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THANK YOU