.

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 (2/2)

:
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1
0 RAM .

( ASCII, ,
Unicode, 2 ...).
..10110010, 178

2
ASCII 178 box
character

unicode 178
superscript 2

(C, Pascal, Basic,

Java ..)

(, ,
)


z
z
z

: 16 bit (-32767 32768)

: 8 bit (0 255)
: 32 bit (-2,147,483,648
+2,147,483,647)

( )
()

(,
)

1234

185

3455

142

1212

163

3322

98

.
:
z
z
z

(database)


= (Wirth Pascal, 1976)

(data)
/




:
9
9
9
9

9
9
9
9

1234

185

3455

142

1212

163

3322

98

= /
=
=
=
= - -
=

= 2 1

z
z
z
z

()



, ,

z
z
z
z

1, 2

[1] [2]

-1

[7]

[4,2]

[i]

[3,6]

-1

-4

-8

-1

5
[i,j]

(1/3)

2
()
()

(first in first out FIFO)
2 , (
front) ( rear)

(2/3)

front ()

rear ()

120

124

(3/3)

121

124

-2

front

rear

121

125

(1/3)

1
()
()

(last in first out LIFO)

(2/3)

(stack pointer - sp)

sp


sp

142
141

12

140

15

139

138

-3

137

136

10

sp=141

(3/3)

(stack overflow)

(underflow)