B GIO DC V O TO I HC LC HNG

KHOA CNG NGH SINH HC V MI TRNG

MN HC

CNG NGH LN MEN

GV: ThS. ON TH TUYT L

M T MN HC
Mn hc cung cp cc kin thc c bn v
Cc qu trnh trao i cht c bn vi sinh vt (l c s ca cc qu trnh ln men) iu kin v nh hng ca cc yu t khc nhau ln qu trnh ln men iu ha qu trnh ln men Mt s qu trnh ln men ph bin trong thc t sn xut

MC TIU MN HC
Sau khi hc xong mn ny, sinh vin c kh nng hiu c:
- Cc bc chnh trong mt qu trnh ln men - Nhu cu v cc yu t nh hng ln mt qu trnh ln men xt v kha cnh k thut v kinh t.

YU CU I VI SINH VIN
- D lp y nm vng cc ni dung quan trng ca mn hc - c ti liu nh trang b thm kin thc mn hc

PHNG PHP NH GI MN HC
D lp: 10% Lm bi nhm, pht biu xy dng bi: 30% Thi cui k: 60%

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Bi i, 2008. Cng ngh ln men ng dng trong cng ngh thc phm. Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia Thnh Ph H Ch Minh. Kiu Hu nh, 1999. Vi sinh vt hc cng nghip, Nh xut bn KH&KT, H Ni. Lng c Phm, 1998. Cng ngh Vi sinh. Nh xut bn Nng Nghip. Nguyn c Lng, 2002. Cng ngh vi sinh. Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia Thnh Ph H Ch Minh. Standbury P. F, Whitaker A., Hall S. J., 1994. Principles of fermentation technology. Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd.

NI DUNG CHI TIT MN HC

Chng 1 2 3 4 Ni dung M u Nhng nguyn l c bn trong cng ngh ln men K thut v phng php chung Cng ngh sn xut cc sn phm t vi sinh vt

TI LM TIU LUN
1. Cng ngh sn xut protein n bo 2. Cng ngh sn xut enzyme 3. Cng ngh sn xut cn 4. Cng ngh sn xut ru vang 5. Cng ngh sn xut thuc tr su sinh hc 6. Cng ngh sn xut phn sinh hc 7. Cng ngh sn xut cc cht khng sinh 8. Cng ngh sn xut axit axetic 9. Cng ngh sn xut axit lactic 10. Cng ngh sn xut axit xitric 11. Cng ngh sn xut bt ngt 12. Cng ngh sn xut chao 13. Cng ngh sn xut nem chua 14. Cng ngh sn xut nc mm 15.Cng ngh sn xut mt s sn phm ln men t thy sn trn th gii 16. Cng ngh sn xut rau, qu mui chua Vit Nam 17.Cng ngh sn xut cc sn phm ln men t rau, qu cc nc chu

YU CU LM TIU LUN
1. Bi bo co gm: mc lc, li m u, ni dung ti, kt lun, ti liu tham kho, ph lc (nu c) 2. Ti thiu 15 trang A4 (file word); font ch Time New Roman, c ch 14 3. Thi gian np bn bo co seminar (dng word) vo tun th 6 4. SV bo co seminar vo tun th 8

BO CO TI
SV t chun b laptop Bo co trnh by dng powerpoint, mi nhm c 10 pht trnh by v 20 pht tr li cu hi ca cc nhm khc v ca ging vin.

CHNG 1 M u
1. Khi nim 2. Lch s ra i v s pht trin ca cng ngh ln men 3. Phn loi ln men

1. KHI NIM
- Ln men? - Cng ngh ln men?

1. KHI NIM
Thut ng ln men c ngun gc t ng t trong ting Latin fervere c ngha l lm chn m t hot tnh ca nm men trong dch trch ca tri cy hay dch ng ha ng cc. Louis Pastuer gi s ln men l "s sng thiu khng kh" ("k kh", "thiu oxi) Tuy nhin, thut ng ln men n nay c hiu l tt c cc qu trnh bin i do vi sinh vt thc hin trong iu kin ym kh (thiu oxi) hay hiu kh (c oxi)

1. KHI NIM
Cng ngh ln men l cng ngh pht trin cc t bo trong quy m ln vi hiu qu cao. N cng bao gm qu trnh phc hi sn phm

C ch chung ca mt s qu trnh ln men quan trng

2. Lch s ra i v s pht trin ca cng ngh ln men

2. Lch s ra i v s pht trin ca cng ngh ln men

Giai on 1: Giai on trc Pasteur (n 1865).

Con ngi ng dng tim nng ca VSV sn xut cc sn phm khi cn cha nhn thc c s tn ti ca chng trong t nhin : + Sn xut ung cha ru nh ru, ru vang, bia, + Sn xut tng, nc mm + Sn xut thc phm ln men nh mui chua rau qu, chua thc n cho gia sc

2. Lch s ra i v s pht trin ca cng ngh ln men

Tuy mt s qu trnh c thc hin quy m rng ri, nhng nhng s thnh cng cn ph thuc vo s ngu nhin hay kinh nghim ca nhng ngi th gii truyn cho cc th h sau. Vai tr ca VSV trong s chuyn ho cc cht hu c cha c con ngi bit n.

2. Lch s ra i v s pht trin ca cng ngh ln men

Giai on 2: Giai on pht trin ca cng nghip ln men tnh n 1940, bao gm cc cng trnh ca Pasteur (1865) v ln men v hc thuyt v mm bnh, Pasteur cng ra phng php thanh trng Pasteur tit trng ru nho, bia m khng lm hng phm cht. Phng php ny hin nay c ng dng rt ln. Bi vy Pasteur c coi l ngi sng lp ra cng ngh vi sinh; S pht trin ca ha sinh hc vi cc kin thc v trao i cht trung gian, s lm ch ngy cng nhiu hn i vi cc enzyme.

2. Lch s ra i v s pht trin ca cng ngh ln men

Vic nghin cu v s dng cc chng nm men thun khit Saccharomyces carlsbergensis trong sn xut bia (Emil Christian Hansen, 1883) c th xem l bc m u cho cng nghip ln men da trn c s khoa hc.

2. Lch s ra i v s pht trin ca cng ngh ln men

Hnh 1.1: Cc nh vi sinh vt hc cng nghip tin bi 1. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) 2. Emil Christian Hansen (1842 - 1909) 3. Eduard Buchner (1860- 1917)

2. Lch s ra i v s pht trin ca cng ngh ln men

Nm 1898 Eduard Buchner cng nghin cu tc dng men ca nhiu nm men, vch ra mi lin h gia nm men v ho hc v men, v ng dng hot ng ca nm men vo sn xut tip ging ngoi. ng nghin nm men ly ra dung dch c men zymase v cho ln men ru. Nh vy giai on th hai l giai on s dng cc hot tnh ca VSV- giai on ny c nh du bng vic t c s khoa hc cho qu trnh sn xut ung cha ru.

2. Lch s ra i v s pht trin ca cng ngh ln men

Giai on th ba: Giai on cng nghip khng sinh, ha cht v sinh tng hp iu khin c tnh 1941- 1970, Bao gm s xut hin ca cc cht khng sinh, nhng tin b v di truyn hc trong vic chn lc cc th t bin vi khun, s nghin cu cc iu kin ln men ti u, k thut hc ln men, vic tch v tinh ch sn phm... Giai on th ba c c trng bi s pht trin ca mt nn cng nghip VSV c lp. Ngi ta iu khin c cc qu trnh siu tng hp VSV v to ra c hng lot cc chng t bin VSV. Nh cc thnh tu ny m ngi ta sn xut quy m ln m chnh, lysine v nhiu loi amino acid khc.

2. Lch s ra i v s pht trin ca cng ngh ln men

2. Lch s ra i v s pht trin ca cng ngh ln men

Giai on th t: (giai on hin nay) c nh du bng s pht hin ra cc enzyme ct gii hn restrictase v cc plasmid vi s gn cc gene l mang cc thng tin tng hp cc protein c bit vo mt c th tr thnh mt phng php thng dng v s kim sot ngy cng tt hn s biu hin ca cc gene ny.

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3. Phn loi ln men

Da vo k thut nui cy
Da vo cch np liu + thu sn phm Gin on Lin tc Bn lin tc Da vo thnh phn ng nht ca canh trng B mt (ni) B su (chm) Bn rn

Da vo sn phm chnh

3. Phn loi ln men (Da vo k thut nui cy)

Ln men gin on: Vi sinh vt c nui c nh trong bnh ln men vi mt th tch mi trng xc nh. Vi sinh vt pht trin theo giai on (pha tim pht, pha nhn ln chm, pha logarit, pha cn bng, pha suy vong) v to ra cc sn phm. Kt thc qu trnh, ngi ta tin hnh cc cng on cn thit thu ly sn phm. Phng php ln men chu k c ng dng sn xut nhiu hot cht quan trng nh amino acid, cc cht khng sinh Thc hin theo tng m nn thng c nng sut thp v chu k sn xut b ko di

Ln men lin tc: nguyn liu lin tc vo v sn phm ln men lin tc i ra Ln men lin tc l qu trnh nui vi sinh vt trong thit b c cu to c bit sao cho khi vt nui pht trin n mt giai on no thch hp cho vic ly i mt th tch mi trng ln men cng t bo v cc sn phm trao i cht ca chng, li b sung ng mt th tch mi trng dinh dng mi vo bnh nui cy, lc ta c c trng thi cn bng ng. Vi sinh vt trong bnh nui lun lun pha logarit. Phng php ln men lin tc c ng dng sn xut protein n bo (nm men) sn xut acid acetic, ethanol v x l nc thi ca mt s nh my. Tuy nhin do nhiu nguyn nhn nn phng php ln men chu k vn hay c ng dng hn.

3. Phn loi ln men (Da vo k thut nui cy)

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3. Phn loi ln men (Da vo k thut nui cy)

Ln men lin tc

Nui cy vi to theo phng php lin tc

3. Phn loi ln men (Da vo k thut nui cy)

Ln men bn lin tc l qu trnh ln men vi sinh vt trong iu kin xc nh. Khi vi sinh vt pht trin trong mt thi gian to ra nng sinh khi cn thit ngi ta ly bt i mt th tch mi trng bao gm c sinh khi, ng thi b sung thm mt th tch mi trng ly i. Bng cch lm nh vy ch cn truyn ging mt ln vn c th thu hoch sn phm nhiu ln.

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3. Phn loi ln men (Da vo k thut nui cy)

Ln men b mt: vi sinh vt pht trin trn b mt ca mi trng. Phng php ny thng s dng sn xut axit citric v mt s enzym. Nhc im ln nht ca phng php ny l tn km b mt. Tuy nhin, do u t t nn chng mc no vn cn s dng.

3. Phn loi ln men (Da vo k thut nui cy)

Ln men bn rn l phng php trung gian gia ln men b mt v b su. Hm lng nc trong mi trng chim khong 70% cht kh. Mt s enzym hin nay c sn xut theo phng php ny. Ngi ta ci tin phng php ny bng thit b thng quay nhm cung cp oxy cho qu trnh ln men v thc hin lun khu sy kh sau ln men. iu kh khn l do s truyn nhit km ca cc cht n nn kh thc hin tt khu thanh trng

3. Phn loi ln men (Da vo k thut nui cy)

Ln men chm l phng php c s dng nhiu nht. N c th cho php kim sot c ton b qu trnh ln men mt cch thun li, t tn km mt bng. Do h thng khuy trn tt nn ton b mi trng nui cy l mt h thng nht

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Thit b nui cy chm

3. Phn loi ln men (Da vo sn phm chnh)

C ch chung ca mt s qu trnh ln men quan trng

C ch chung ca mt s qu trnh ln men quan trng

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3. Phn loi ln men (Da vo sn phm chnh)

Ln men etilic Ln men lactic Ln men propionic Ln men formic Ln men butiric v ln men axeton-butanol Ln men metan Ln men axetat Ln men xenlulozo

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