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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
M hnh ha v m phng ng c t tr thay i
s dng phng php phn tch phn t hu hn
Modeling and Simulation of Switched Reluctance Motors
Using Finite Element Analysis
Nguyn Bo Huy, T Cao Minh
Trung tm Nghin cu ng dng v Sng to Cng ngh, Trng H Bch Khoa HN
e-Mail: minhtc-auto@mail.hut.edu.vn


Tm tt
ng c t tr thay i (SRM) c nhiu u im do
cu trc c kh bn vng, khng s dng nguyn liu
t him v khng cn kch t rotor. Nhng u im
ny khin ng c SRM rt c gii nghin cu
cng nh cng nghip quan tm trong thi gian gn
y. Tuy nhin, tnh cht phi tuyn mnh ca ng c
khin vic phn tch v m hnh ha ng c gp
nhiu kh khn. Trong bi bo ny, cc tc gi s
dng phng php phn t hu hn, l mt phng
php phn tch s tin tin, phn tch v m phng
cc c tnh in t ca ng c.

Abstract
Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) have number of
advantages, thanks to their robust mechanical
construction, without rare-earth material nor
excitation on rotor. These advantages have recently
attracted a lot of academic and industrial attention.
The strong non-linear characteristics of motors,
however, cause a lot of difficulties in analyzing and
modeling the same. In this paper, the authors utilize
the Finite Element Methods (FEM) an advanced
numerical method to analyze and simulate the
magneto-electrical characteristics of this kind of
motors.

K hiu
K hiu n v ngha
B T (Tesla) Mt t thng
A Vs/m T th vector
J A/m
2
Mt dng in
R
s
in tr dy qun stator
v
a
,

, v
d
V
in p cc cun dy pha
stator
i
a
, , i
d
A Dng in cc pha stator

a
, ,
d
Wb
T thng qua cun dy
cc pha
L
a
, , L
d
H in cm cc pha
M
ab
, H
H cm gia cun dy cc
pha

Ch vit tt
SRM Switched Reluctance Motor
FEM Finite Element Method

1. Gii thiu
ng c t tr thay i c cu trc n gin, chc
chn, bn vng v mt c kh, cho php thit k di
tc cao, kh nng sinh mmen ln. Mch t ng
c lm vic trong c vng tuyn tnh v vng bo ha
ca ng c tnh t ha B-H, do s dng c
ti a kh nng ca vt liu st t, t l cng sut trn
khi lng ln. Nhng u im ny m ra kh nng
ng dng ln cho SRM.


H. 1 ng c t tr thay i loi 8-6.
Tuy nhin, bn cnh nhng u im, SRM c rt
nhiu nhc im cn khc phc. ng c c cu trc
cc t li, mch t hot ng trong c vng tuyn tnh
v vng bo ha nn tnh phi tuyn rt cao, c tnh
phi tuyn ny li kh biu din chnh xc di dng
cc phng trnh gii tch m thng di dng cc
bng s liu c c qua phn tch phn t hu hn
hoc t thc nghim. Nhng ng c thng thng c
cc thng s in tr, in cm c coi l khng i,
338
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
quan h gia t thng, mmen vi dng in l quan
h tuyn tnh vi tham s hng, do c th d dng
xy dng m hnh tuyn tnh hoc tuyn tnh ha m
hnh phi tuyn cho i tng. Tri li, SRM ch hot
ng khi c s bin thin in cm theo v tr rotor;
quan h t thng, mmen, in cm, h cm theo
dng in v v tr rotor l nhng quan h phi tuyn 3
chiu phc tp, do vy, vic xy dng m hnh tuyn
tnh v thit k h iu khin tuyn tnh cho SRM l
khng ph hp, thiu chnh xc.
Vic phn tch cu trc v c tnh t trng trong
ng c c da trn c s l thuyt trng in t
vi cc phng trnh Maxwell, c th y l bi
ton trng in t tnh v trng in t tn s thp.
Cc phng trnh Maxwell v mt l thuyt khng
phn bit cc loi trng in t, nhng trong thc t,
vic ng dng gii cc bi ton trng tnh, tn s
thp (trong my in v kh c in) s khc vi vic
gii bi ton tn s cao vi s lan truyn sng in
t (trong truyn sng, ng-ten v cc ng dng cao
tn khc).
Nhng phng trnh Maxwell m t rt p v hon
chnh ton b c tnh, hnh vi, trng thi ca trng
in t trn phng din l thuyt. Tuy nhin, vic
ng dng trc tip nhng phng trnh ny gii
cc bi ton trong thc t bng phng php gii tch
l mt iu v cng kh khn, c th ni l khng th
lm c. Khi ng dng cc phng trnh Maxwell
vo bi ton c th, ta s dn n vic phi gii cc
phng trnh Laplace v Poisson l cc phng trnh
o hm ring cp hai vi nhng s kin (v mt thi
gian) v bin kin (v mt khng gian, cn gi l iu
kin b). Trong thc t k thut, c th nh ng c
in, min xc nh vi bin l nhng khi hnh hc
phc tp trong khng gian, tnh phi tuyn ca vt liu
in t dn n vic gii nhng phng trnh chnh
xc bng phng php gii tch l iu khng th thc
hin c. lm iu ny, ta cn gii gn ng bng
phng php s vi s h tr ca my tnh. Phng
php mnh nht, c s dng ph bin nht hin nay
l phng php phn t hu hn (Finite Element
Methods FEM).

2. Phn tch phn t hu hn ng c
SRM
2.1 Thng s ng c
Trong bi bo ny, mt ng c 4 pha loi 8-6, cng
sut nh mc 1.1 kW c chn lm i tng phn
tch. Mt vi thng s ng c c cho trong Bng I.
BNG I.
Thng s ng c
Thng s Gi tr
S cc stator/rotor 8/6
Cng sut nh mc 1.1kW
Tc nh mc 1000 (vng/pht)
Gc cc stator/rotor 12/8 ()
Khe h khng kh 0.3mm
Dng in ln nht 12A
in p ngun mt chiu 300VDC
Vt liu st t Thp silic M19
2.2 Phn tch Phn t hu hn
Cc c tnh mmen, t thng, in cm v h cm
ca ng c c tnh ton t i lng c bn v
mt t thng B v cng t trng H trong
mch t c mt dng in kch thch khc khng
qua vic gii cc h phng trnh Maxwell hoc cc
phng trnh Laplace v Poisson theo t th vector A
vi quan h:
= B rotA

(1)
S dng cc quan h gii tch vector, ta dn ra
phng trnh Poisson:
A A A
J
x x y y z z
u u u
c c c c c c
+ + =
c c c c c c

(2)
Trong min khng gian 3 chiu vi iu kin bin
Dirichlet.
Khi phn tch trng in t trong thc tin k thut,
ngi ta thng a v vic gii cc phng trnh
Laplace v phng trnh Poisson vi bin trng thi l
cc th v hng hoc th vector nh trn. Cc
phng trnh l loi phng trnh o hm ring bc
hai, c nghim c phn b trong min xc nh
theo khng gian v thi gian tnh t cc bin kin
(trong khng gian) v s kin (theo thi gian). i
vi mt i tng trong thc tin k thut, do tnh
phc tp ca cu trc hnh hc, tnh phi tuyn ca vt
liu in t khin cho vic gii cc phng trnh o
hm ring cp hai ny bng phng php gii tch tr
nn bt kh thi. Gii php a ra l s dng cc
phng php s vi s h tr bng kh nng tnh ton
ca my tnh.
Trong k thut, hai phng php s c bn c s
dng l phng php sai phn hu hn (Finite
Difference Methods FDM) v phng php phn t
hu hn (Finite Element Methods FEM). Hai
phng php ny u c chung mt mc ch gii gn
ng cc phng trnh vi phn bng cch chia nh
min xc nh v gii phng trnh trn tng min
nh theo cc bc lp. Mc d im tng ng l
rt ln, tuy nhin hai phng php ny c s khc
nhau c bn:
- Phng php sai phn hu hn xp x phng
trnh vi phn thnh phng trnh sai phn v gii
phng trnh sai phn trn tng phn t. Phng
php phn t hu hn gi nguyn phng trnh vi
phn v xp x nghim ca phng trnh vi phn
trn tng phn t. y l s khc nhau c bn nht v
bn cht ton hc.
- Phng php sai phn hu hn chia phn t theo
nhng khi hnh hc c bn (ch yu l hnh ch
nht) cn phng php phn t hu hn cho php chia
min xc nh thnh nhng phn t c bc t do t
thp ti cao tng ng vi s lng cc nt v bc
ca phn t. Do vy, phng php sai phn hu hn
d thc hin hn v cng n gin hn v mt ton
hc so vi s phc tp ca phng php phn t hu
hn. Cn phng php phn t hu hn cho chnh
xc cao hn, cht lng tt hn phng php sai phn
hu hn.
Do nhng yu t trn, khi k thut my tnh mi pht
trin mc thp, phng php sai phn hu hn c
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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
u tin do s n gin, d thc hin, khng i hi
mt kh nng tnh ton qu mnh. Theo s pht trin
v bo ca k thut in t v k thut my tnh,
nhng my tnh s hin nay c kh nng tnh ton
mnh m, kh nng gii quyt cc bi ton phc
tp vi chnh xc cao bng phng php phn t
hu hn. Hin nay, y l phng php c s dng
ph bin trong k thut tnh ton s, c ng dng
rng ri gii cc bi ton kt cu, truyn nhit,
trng in t hay ng lc hc cht lu trong cc
ngnh t, hng khng, xy dng, k thut nhit lnh,
k thut in, cng ngh vi c in t.
T tng c bn ca phng php phn t hu hn l
ri rc ha cc min lin tc phc tp ca bi ton
thnh mt s lng hu hn nhng phn t c xc
nh bi cc nt (bc t do) nh minh ha trn Hnh 2
v Hnh 3. Nghim ca cc phng trnh vi phn
c xp x thnh nghim ca cc phng trnh i s
v gii trn tng phn t theo cc bin trn cc nt
tnh t iu kin bin ca bi ton. thc hin
nhng cng vic trn, phng php phn t hu hn
c mt lp cc phng php con, ty theo mi ng
dng m cc phng php con hp l c s dng.


H. 2 Mt s loi phn t c bn hay s dng.
Trong bi bo ny, chng ti s dng phn mm
Ansys Maxwell vi thit k hnh hc ng c nh
Hnh 1 v cc i tng c chia li nh Hnh 4.
Bng II cho bit cc bc tnh ton theo hai tham s
dng in v gc rotor, tng cng mt m phng cn
tnh 793 bc.
Cc kt qu phn tch mt t thng hai chiu v ba
chiu c cho trn Hnh 5 v Hnh 6. Hai h ng
c tnh quan trng nht l c tnh mmen tnh v
c tnh t ha ca SRM theo dng in stator v v
tr rotor c cho trn Hnh 7. Tip , Hnh 8 l c
tnh h cm gia cc pha in hnh ca ng c.

BNG II.
Cc bc tnh theo tham s
Dng in pha 0 12 A Bc tnh: 1 A
Gc rotor 0 60 Bc tnh: 1



H. 3 Mt phn t tam gic vi cc nt.


H. 4 Chia li phn t hu hn SRM.
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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011

Lch trc

Cc cc gi ln nhau

ng trc
H. 5 Cu trc t trng trong ng c t tr 8/6.


(a) T trng v tr ng trc

(b) T trng v tr lch trc
H. 6 Phn b t trng ng c SRM ti v tr rotor ng trc (a) v lch trc (b)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
T
o
r
q
u
e

[
N
m
]
Theta [deg]
Static Torque profile


i = 0A
i = 12A

(a) c tnh mmen tnh
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
F
l u
x

[
W
b
]
Current [A]
Magnetizing characteristic


Aligned (30deg)
Unaligned (0deg)

(b) c tnh t ha
H. 7 c tnh mmen tnh (a) v c tnh t ha (b) ca ng c.


(a) Pha A v pha B

(b) Pha A v pha D

H. 8 c tnh h cm gia cc pha.
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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
3. M hnh ha ng c vi
Matlab/Simulink
Ta s dng cc b d liu c c t phn tch FEM
a vo bng tra trong Matlab/Simulink xy dng
m hnh ng hc ca ng c. Trc tin, ta xt m
hnh ton hc ca SRM 8/6. M hnh ton hc tng
i n gin, biu din dng ma trn nh sau [5]:
0 0 0
0 0 0
.
0 0 0
0 0 0
a s a a
b s b b
c s c c
d s d d
v R i
v R i
d
v R i dt
v R i

( ( ( (
( ( ( (
( ( ( (
= +
( ( ( (
( ( ( (

(3)
Trong , t thng cc pha ca ng c c tnh [5]:
0
0
.
0
0
a a ba da a
b ab b cb b
c bc c dc c
d ad cd d d
L M M i
M L M i
M L M i
M M L i

( ( (
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

(4)
Vi m hnh ton hc v nhng d liu c c t
phn tch phn t hu hn, ta xy dng c m hnh
ng c trong Matlab/Simulink nh thy trn Hnh 9,
trong m hnh t thng mt pha ca ng c bao
gm cc c tnh t cm v h cm c cho trn
Hnh 10. Hnh 11 l mmen, t thng v dng in
cc pha. p ng mmen tng v tc ng c
c cho trn hnh 12.


H. 9 M hnh ng c trong Matlab/Simulink.


H. 10 M hnh t thng mt pha ca ng c.
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035
0
5
10
15
Phase Torque
Time [s]
T
o
r
q
u
e

[
N
.
m
]


0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
Phase Flux
Time [s]
F
l
u
x

[
W
b
]


0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035
0
2
4
6
Phase Current
Time [s]
C
u
r
r
e
n
t

[
A
]


Ta Tb Tc Td
Psia Psib Psic psid
ia ib ic id

H. 11 Mmen, t thng v dng in cc pha ca ng c.
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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035
0
5
10
15
Torque respond
Time [s]
T
o
r
q
u
e

[
N
.
m
]


0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035
0
200
400
600
800
Speed respond
Time [s]
S
p
e
e
d

[
r
p
m
]


Torque
Speed

H. 12 Mmen v tc ca ng c.


4. Kt lun
Trong bi bo ny, cc tc gi s dng phng
php phn t hu hn phn tch, m hnh ha v
m phng ng c t tr. Cc ng c tnh thu
c v cc p ng ng hc ca ng c c
chnh xc cao.

Ti liu tham kho
[1] Nguyn Bnh Thnh, Nguyn Trn Qun, L
Vn Bng, C s l thuyt Trng in t, NXB
i hc v trung hc chuyn nghip, 1970.
[2] Joo Pedro A. Bastos, Nelson Sadowski,
Electromagnetic Modeling by Finite Element
Methods, Marcel Dekker, 2003.
[3] T.A. Stolarski, Y. Nakasone, S. Yoshimoto,
Engineering Analysis with ANSYS Software,
Elsevier, 2006.

[4] Ansoft Co., Maxwell v.12 Online Help.
[5] R. Krishnan, Switched Reluctance Motor Drives,
CRC Press LLC, 2001.
[6] T.J.E. Miller, Switched Reluctance Motors and
Their Control, Magna Physics, Oxford, 1992.
[7] Bao-Huy Nguyen, Cao-Minh Ta, Finite
Element Analysis, Modeling and Torque
Distribution Control for Switched Reluctance
Motors with High Non-linear Inductance
Characteristics, IEEE International Electric
Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC
2011), Niagara Falls, 15 18 May 2011, pp.
703-708.
[8] V.L.Do, Minh Cao Ta, Modeling, Simulation
and Control of Reluctance Motor Drives for
High Speed Operation, 2009 IEEE Conversion
Congress Exposition ECCE 2009, San Jose,
California, USA, Sept. 2009.

Nguyn Bo Huy tt nghip
trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
nm 2010, chuyn ngnh iu
khin T ng ha. T thng
07/2010 n nay, anh l k s
nghin cu ti Trung tm Nghin
cu ng dng v Sng to Cng
ngh (CTI). Lnh vc nghin cu
ca anh bao gm thit k, m hnh
ha, m phng v iu khin cc b bin i in t
cng sut v truyn ng in; phn tch trng in
t trong thit b in, in t bng phng php phn
t hu hn; h thng nng lng v truyn ng cho
t in v nng lng ti to. Anh l ng tc gi ca
mt bi bo ti hi ngh quc t IEEE-IEMDC2011,
hai bi bo ti hi ngh ton quc VCCA2011 cng
mt s bi ng trn tp ch T ng ha Ngy nay.


T Cao Minh tt nghip i hc
ti Tip Khc nm 1986, bo v
lun n Tin s ti Canada nm
1997, v c 6 nm lm vic trong
mi trng i hc v cng nghip
Nht Bn (1998 - 2004); l tc gi
ca 12 sng ch ti Nht Bn, M
v 30 bi bo trn cc tp ch, tp
san hi ngh quc t. Hin nay
PGS. Minh cng tc ti B mn T ng ha, H
Bch khoa HN v gi vai tr Gim c Trung tm
Nghin cu ng dng v Sng to Cng ngh ca
trng. Hng nghin cu ca PGS. Minh tp trung
vo iu khin cc h truyn ng in, in t cng
sut, cc ng dng cho t in v nng lng mi.
PGS. Minh hin l Ch tch Chi hi IEEE Vit Nam,
v c trng NTUST i Loan mi thnh ging
nm 2010.
343

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