Design of horizontal vessel

with horizontal saddle

support
Longitudinal bending moment:
At Saddle support
2 2
1
2
1
4
1
3
q
A R H
L AL
M QA
H
L
1
_
+
1
,
1

1
+
1
]
Longitudinal bending moment:
At the Centre of span
2 2
2
1 2
4
4
4
1
3
c
R H
L QL A
M
H
L
L
1
_
+
1
,
1

1
+
1
]
The Longitudinal bending stress
at saddle
1
1 2
3K QL
r t
t

2 2
1 2
sin
1
cos
2 4
1
4
sin
1
sin cos 2
3
A R H
L AL A
K
H
L
L
1 _
_
_ _
+
1

, ,
1

1


+
+
1

,
1
, ]
The Longitudinal bending stress
at centre of span
2
2 2
3K QL
r t
t

2 2
2
2
1 2
4
4
1
3
R H
L A
K
H
L
L
1
_
+
1
,
1

1
+
1
]
The Tangential transverse shear
stress at any point on both sides of
the stiffener
3
3
2 K Q L A H
rt L H

1
+
]
3
sin
K

Shear stress in Un-stiffened shell

with Saddles away from Head
4
4
2 QK L H A
rt L H

1
+
]
4
sin
sin cos
K

+
Shell stiffened by Head:
Shear stress in the Head
5
5
h
QK
rt

2
5
sin sin cos
sin cos
K

1
+
]
Shell stiffened by Head:
Shear stress in the Shell
5
6
s
QK
rt

2
5
sin sin cos
sin cos
K

1
+
]
Maximum circumferential combined
compressive stress at the horn of the saddle:
( )
7
7 2
3
, 8
2
4 1.56
K Q Q
if L R
t
t b rt

+
( )
7
7 2
12
, 8
4 1.56
K Q Q
if L R
Lt
t b rt

+
7 6
, , 1
A
K K for
R

7 6
1
, , 0.5
4
A
K K for
R

Additional stress in head used as stiffener:
8
8
h
QK
rt

2
8
3 sin
8 sin cos
K


_

+
,
Wear plates- Ring compression in shell over
saddle:
( )
9
9
1.56
QK
t b rt

+
9
1 cos
sin cos
K


+
_

+
,
Design of Cylindrical shell
Thick cylinder subjected to internal
pressure only:
0;
i
p
2 2
2 2 2
1
i i o
r
o i
p r r
r r r

,
2 2
2 2 2
1
i i o
t
o i
p r r
r r r

_
+

,
Thick cylinder subjected to external
pressure only:
0;
o
p
2 2
2 2 2
1
o o i
r
o i
p r r
r r r

,
2 2
2 2 2
1
o o i
t
o i
p r r
r r r

_
+

,
Ultimate collapse of thick-walled cylinder:
Fully plastic state:
( )
( ) ln
ult r yp
a
p a
b

Elastic Plastic behaviour of thick walled
cylinder:
Radial stress in plastic region
2 2
2
ln
2
yp
r yp
r b c
c b

_ _


,
,
Tangential stress in plastic region
t yp r
+
Bending of circular plates of constant thickness
Slope :
( )
3
1 2
2log 1
16 8 2
e
C x C qx px
x
D D x
+ +

Deflection: ( )
2 4 2
1
2 3
log 1 log
64 8 4
e
C x qx px
w x C x C
D D
+ +

Bending of Uniformly loaded Plates of constant thickness:

Clamped Edges:
Radial bending moment: (M1)
Circumferential bending moment: (M2)
( ) ( )
2 2
1
1 3
16
q
M a x 1 + +
]
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 3
16
q
M a x 1 + +
]
Simply Supported edges:
Radial bending moment: (M1)
Circumferential bending moment: (M2)
( ) ( )
2
2 2
1
1 3
16 8
q qa
M a x 1 + + +
]
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
1 1 3
16 8
q qa
M a x 1 + + +
]
Discontinuity stresses in pressure vessel:
Infinitely Long Beam;
1. Single Concentrated Load
2
P
y A x
k

2
x
P
B
k

4
x
P
M C

2
x
P
V D

2. Uniform Load
( )
2
2
a b
q
y D D
k


( )
2
a b
q
A A
k

( )
2
4
a b
q
M B B

( )
4
a b
q
V C C

3. Single Moment or Couple
2
o
x
M
y B
k

3
o
x
M
C
k

2
o
x
M
M D

0
2
x
M
V A

Semi-infinite beam:
Deflection:
Slope:
Moment:
Shear force:
2
2 2
o
x x
M P
y D C
k k



2 2
4 2
o
x x
M P
A D
k k


+
x o x
P
M B M A

+
2
x o x
V PC M B


1.285
rh

( ) cos sin
x
x
A e x x

+
( ) sin
x
x
B e x

( ) cos sin
x
x
C e x x

( ) cos
x
x
D e x

Cylindrical vessel with hemispherical head

discontinuity stresses in cylindrical portion
Longitudinal stress:
2 2
6
2 8
l x
Pr p
B
h h

_
_
t

,
,
Hoop stress: 2 2
Pr 3
4 4
t x x
Pr P
D B
h h h

_
t

,
Cylindrical vessel with hemispherical head
discontinuity stresses in spherical portion
Longitudinal stress:
2 2
6
2 8
l x
Pr p
B
h h

_
_
t

,
,
Hoop stress: 2 2
Pr 3
2 4 4
t x x
Pr P
D B
h h h

_
+ t

,