a

(Vascular System)

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2.
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4.

(Contents)
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2.
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Systermic circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Coronary circulation
Systemic Microcirculation
Large blood vessels from the heart
Blood vessels in the body
Arterial anastomosis
Clinical correlation

1 :
.

(circulatory system, cardiovascular system)

pump
(oxygenated blood) (heart)
(tissue) distributing system
(large artery) (left ventricle)

aorta

(deoxygenated blood) (right atrium) (collecting system)
superior vena cava (SVC) inferior
vena cava (IVC)

( 1)



white blood cells, antibody

1 ) (artery) ) (vein)
http://academic.kellogg.cc.mi.us/herbrandsonc/bio201_McKinley/

1 :
.

pulmonary circulation
pulmonary artery right
atrium pulmonary vein ( 2)

2 pulmonary circulation
http://webschoolsolutions.com/patts/systems/pul-circ.gif
coronary circulation
Coronary artery aorta semilunar valves coronary
artery right left coronary artery (anastomosis)
Coronary veins coronary sinus
right atrium vena cava (
3)

3 coronary circulation
http://webanatomy.net/anatomy/coronary_circ.jpg
1 :
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Systemic Microcirculation
Microcirculation

1. Arterioles
2. Capillaries
3. Venules
arterioles prearteriole sphincters
contraction ( 4)

4 (microcirculation)
http://connection.lww.com/Products/porth7e/documents/Ch23/jpg/23_023.jpg

1 :
.

(Artery)
aorta (left ventricle) ( 5,
6) head, neck, body wall, body cavity, upper
extremities lower extremities

5 aorta

http://www.rkm.com.au/ANIMATIONS/animation-graphics/circulation-heart.jpg

6 Aorta left ventricle superior vena cava pulmonary trunk

arch of aorta
1 :
.

Aorta 3 ( 6)
1. Ascending aorta
left ventricle costal cartilage 2 5
sternal angle aortic arch ascending aorta 3

systemic circulation right pulmonary artery

ascending aorta 3 aortic sinus
aortic semilunar valves aortic sinus left coronary
right coronary artery
2. Aortic arch
ascending aorta posterior mediastinum pericardium
sternal angle lower half manubrium sterni
trachea body thoracic
4 descending aorta posterior mediastinum
Ligamentum arteriosum ( 6) 1.5 aortic arch
Left subclavian artery dustus arteriosus (
pulmonary circulation systemic circulation ) root left
pulmonary artery left recurrent laryngeal nerve lateral ligamentum arteriosum
aortic arch ligamentum arteriosum aortic arch
branches left vagus nerve left sympathetic trunk
superficial cardiac plexus
Aortic arch 4.5 .. 3 ..
2 .. left subclavian artery
aortic isthmus aortic arch coarctation of the aorta aortic isthmus

aortic arch ( 7)
Brachiocephalic trunk
4-5 aortic arch
manubrium sterni right sternoclavicular joint
right subclavian artery right common carotid artery
Left common carotid artery
aortic arch manubrium sterni left
sternoclavicular joint structure left common carotid artery , left
recurrent laryngeal nerve, thoracic duct
Left subcalvian artery

1 :
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aortic arch left common carotid artery 1

superior mediastinum scalenus anterior rib 1
axillary artery superior mediastinum left subcalvain artery left vagus nerve,
left phrenic nerve, cardiac nerve left vertebral vein internal jugular vein

7 aorta thoracic aorta diaphragm

abdominal aorta
3. Descending aorta ( 7)
2 Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta thoracic aorta posterior
mediastinum arch of aorta thoracic vertebra 12
thoracic aorta
1. Pericardial branches pericardium
2. Brochial arteries 2 1 aorta, posterior
intercostal artery 3 bronchial tube, connective tissue lung visceral pleura
3. Esophageal arteries
4. Mediastinal arteries lymph node posterior mediastinum
5. Posterior intercostals arteries 9 subcostal arteries 1 aorta
6. Superior phrenic artery thoracic aorta diaphragm

1 :
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(Vasculature of Head and Neck)

arch of aorta
(root of neck)
carotid sheath neurovascular compartment ( 8)
carotid sheath internal jugular vein, common carotid artery vagus nerve common
carotid artery external carotid artery internal carotid artery superior border
thyroid cartilage common carotid artery carotid body carotid sinus

8 common carotid artery

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Common carotid artery ( 9)

Common carotid artery

brachiocephalic trunk
sternoclavicular joint arch of aorta superior mediastinum
common carotid artery (cervical part)

(cervical part) (thoracic part) carotid sheath common
carotid artery external carotid artery internal carotid artery
Carotid body
(reddish brown) bifurcation common carotid
artery chemoreceptive cell chemoreceptor (blood pH) carotid body


carotid body
neoplasia carotid body glossopharyngeal carotid
body
Carotid sinus ( 9)

common
carotid artery external internal carotid artery internal carotid
artery tunica media
glossopharyngeal nerve carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex pressoreceptor
mechanism carotid sinus
vasodilatation arterioles glossopharyngeal nerve
vagus nerve sympathetic

9 common carotid artery external internal carotid artery

carotid body carotid sinus

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External Carotid Artery

External carotid artery
(maxilla) common carotid artery
thyroid cartilage carotid sheath
common carotid artery medial internal carotid artery carotid triangle

posterior belly of digastrics muscle parotid neck

mandible maxillary artery superficial temporal artery ( 10)
External carotid artery

8
1. superior thyroid artery
2. ascending pharyngeal artery
3. lingual artery
4. facial artery
5. occipital artery
6. posterior auricular artery
7. maxillary artery (terminal branch)
8. superficial temporal artery (terminal branch

10 external carotid artery

Superior thyroid artery ( 10)
external carotid superior thyroid vein external
laryngeal nerve lateral lobe thyroid gland
5
1. infrahyoid a. infrahyoid
2. superior laryngeal a. internal laryngeal n. thyrohyoid membrane
3. sternocleidomastoid a.
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4. posterior branch
5. anterior branch
Ascending pharyngeal artery ( 10)
external carotid a. pharynx
1. pharyngeal a.
2. inferior tympanic a.

3. meningeal a.
4. branch to prevertebral m.
Lingual artery ( 10,11)
external carotid artery superior thyroid artery carotid
triangle lingual hypoglossal nerve posterior belly of digastric
muscle hyoglossus 2
1. dorsal lingual a.
2. deep lingual a.

11 lingual artery
Facial artery ( 10, 12)
external carotid artery greater horn hyoid
(upward and forward) posterior belly of digastrics
submandibular triangle posterior part submandibular gland
mandible


1.Inferior labial a.
2.Superior labial a.
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3.Exteral nasal branch

4.Angular a.

1.Ascending palatine a.
2.Tonsillar branch
3.Glandular branch submandibular gland

12 external carotid artery facial artery

Occipital artery ( 12)
external carotid artery
posterior triangle of neck sternocleidomastoid trapezius
suboccipital region of scalp
1.
branch to SCM, digastric, stylohyoid, suboccipital, prevertebral and postvertebral m.
2. branch to mastoid air cell and auricle
3. meningeal branch
Posterior auricular artery ( 12)
external carotid a. posterior belly of digastric muscle

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1.

branch to digastric, stylohyoid and SCM

2. glandular branch to parotid gland
3. branch to scalp
Maxillary artery ( 12,13,15)
external carotid neck
mandible medial neck mandible lateral
pterygoid maxillary 3 lateral pterygoid
1. Mandibular part
2. Pterygoid part
3. Pterygopalatine part
1 maxillary artery
Parts of maxillary artery

Branches

1. Mandibular part

anterior tympanic (tympanic membrane)

deep auricular (external acoustic meatus)
middle meningeal (dura mater and clavaria)
accessory meningeal
inferior alveolar (mandible, )

2. Pterygoid part

deep temporal (Anterior,Posterior branch temporalis m.

pterygoid branches (Pterygoid m.)
Masseteric (masseteric m.)
Buccal (buccinator m.)

3. Pterygopalatine part

posterior superior alveolar ( , maxillary sinus, gingiva

infraorbital (anterior superior alveolar) (
)
descending palatine ( , palatine gland mucous
membrane )
artery of the pterygoid canal ( , pharyngotympanic
tube, tympanic cavity)
Sphenopalatine maxillary a. ,
nasal septum paranasal sinus )

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13 maxillary artery external carotid artery maxillary artery

lateral pterygoid
Middle meningeal artery
maxillary artery foramen spinosum anterior
branch posterior branch ( 15,16) clavaria dura mater
meningeal vein clavaria
temporal region (pterion)
extradural (epidural) hematoma

14 middle meningeal artery auriculotemporal nerve

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Superficial temporal artery ( 12)

external carotid artery auriculotemporal nerve

1.
anterior branch
2. posterior branch
Internal carotid artery ( 15)
common carotid artery carotid sheath internal jugular vein vagus
nerve carotid canal foramen lacerum
cavernous sinus

anterior clinoid
process
internal carotid artery
1. ophthalmic artery
2. anterior cerebral artery
3. middle cerebral artery
4. posterior communicating artery
5. anterior choroidal artery

15 internal carotid artery vertebral artery

Internal carotid artery 4 ( 16)
1. Cervical part
2. Intrapetrosal part
3. Intracavernous part
4. Cerebral (supraclinoid) part
Intracavernous cerebral part carotid siphon

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16 internal carotid artery

Ophthalmic artery ( 17)
internal carotid artery cranial cavity
orbit
optic canal optic nerve ophthalmic artery central retinal artery
neural retina posterior part orbital cavity (edema)
(inflammation process)
ophthalmic artery
1. Lacrimal artery ophthalmic artery lateral sideof optic nerve,
lateral side of orbit lacrimal gland, lateral sides of eyelids
2. Central retinal artery optic nerve retina
3. Long and short posterior ciliary arteries eyeballs
4. Muscular arteries extrinsic muscles of eyeball
5. Supraorbital artery orbit supraorbital nerve
6. Posterior ethmoidal artery posterior ethmoidal foramen
7. Anterior ethmoidal artery anterior ethmoidal foramen
8. Medial palpebral arteries medial parts of upper and lower eyelids
9. Dorsal nasal artery upper surface of nose
10. Supratrochlear nerve supratrochlear nerve

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17 ophthalmic artery
Vertebrobasilar system
Vertebral artery ( 18)
first part subclavian artery transverse foramen transverse process

posterior arch atlas

foramen magnum medulla

pons basilar artery

Vertebral artery
1. Meningeal branches
2. Posterior inferior cerebella artery
3. Posterior spinal artery
4. Anterior spinal artery

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18 vertebral artery foramen transversarium

Basilar artery ( 18, 19)
pons
1. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
2. Labyrinthine artery (Internal auditory artery)
3. Pontine artery
4. Superior cerebellar artery
5. Posterior cerebral artery
The Cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis) ( 19)
mesencephalon diencephalon
internal carotid basilar
circle of Willis
1.
posterior cerebral artery
2. posterior communicating artery
3. internal carotid artery
4. anterior cerebral artery
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5. anterior communicating artery

6. basilar artery

19 circle of Willis

cicle of Willis 2 ( 19)

1. Cortical branches
2. Central branches
1. Cortical branches
cerebral cortex cortical branch pia mater
cortex

1.1. Anterior cerebral artery
1.2. Middle cerebral artery
1.3. Posterior cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery ( 20,21)
internal carotid artery
frontal lobe parietal lobe anterior
communicating artery anterior communicating artery
central branch medial striate artery anterior perforated substance
head of caudate nucleus internal capsule putamen
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Middle cerebral artery ( 20,21)

lateral fissure cerebral hemisphere
cerebral cortex frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe occipital lobe
central branch lateral striate artery (lenticulostriate artery) caudate nucleus, putamen,
globus pallidus internal capsule motor premotor
areas auditory
Posterior cerebral artery ( 20,21)
basilar artery mid brain
temporal lobe occipital lobe central branch choroid plexus third
ventricle lateral ventricle

20
lateral medial surface
http://psyweb.com/Brain/Bimages/blood2.gif

21 internal carotid artery vertebral artery

http://www.merck.com/media/mmpe/figures/MMPE_16NEU_211_01_eps.gif
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2. Central branches ( 22)

cortical branches, anterior posterior
communicating arteries midbrain, diencephalon, basal ganglia internal capsule
4
2.1 anteromedial group
2.2 anterolateral group
2.3 posteromedial group
2.4 posterolateral group
striate arteries lateral striate artery
middle cerebral artery corpus striatum internal capsule

22 central group
Choroidal arteries (2 3)
central branches
1. anterior choroidal artery
internal carotid artery optic tract
choroid plexus inferior horn lateral ventricle
hippocampal formation, globus pallidus posterior limb internal capsule
2. posterior choroidal artery
posterior cerebral artery choroid plexus third
ventricle lateral ventricle thalamus, pineal gland
midbrain

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23 anterior choroidal artery

http://www.radnet.ucla.edu/sections/DINR/Part%2013/Images/13-52.jpg
(spinal artery)
vertebral artery radicular artery ( 27)

24 spinal cord
http://anatomy.yonsei.ac.kr/neuro/Cord2K1.files/slide0073_image042.jpg

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1. vertebral artery ( 25, 26)

- Anterior spinal arteries
medulla anterior median fissure
sulcal artery
radicular artery 2/3 anterior horn, lateral horn, posterior horn,
anterior funiculus lateral funiculus
- Posterior spinal arteries spinal cord
posterior radicular arteries dorsal nerve
spinal cord 1/3 posterior horn posterior funiculus

25 spinal cord
http://www.anaesthesiauk.com/images/spinal-cord

26 anterior posterior spinal artery spinal cord

http://www.anaesthesiauk.com/images/spinal-cord
2. Radicular arteries (Artery of Adamkiewicz) ( 26)
segmental vessels ascending cervical, deep cervical, intercostal. Lumbar
sacral arteries intervertebral foramen anterior posterior
radicular arteries thoracic, lumbar, sacral coccygeal spinal segments

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Cerebral embolism
- cerebral ischemia
- cerebral infraction
- transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Vascular strokes


Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
- cerebral thrombosis
- cerebral hemorrhage
- cerebral embolism
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
1. ( Cerebral thrombosis)
, ,
,


2. (Cerebral embolism) ( embolus)

, ,
3. (Cerebral hemorrhage)

(congenitalaneurysm),
(arteriovenous
malformation/AVM)
,

Berry aneurysm ( 27)
(small outpouching)
berry aneurysm circle of Willis cerebral artery circle of
Willisat (rupture and bleed)

27 berry aneurysm
http://connection.lww.com/Products/porth7e/documents/Ch52/jpg/52_017.jpg
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(upper limbs)
Subclavian artery ( 28, 29)
upper limbs

subclavian artery brachiocephalic trunk

sternoclavicular upward laterally trachea scalenus
anterior subclavian artery arch of aorta common carotid artery
scalenus anterior

1 upper limbs outer border

1 axillary artery

28 upper limbs
http://preventdisease.com/home/muscleatlas/109.jpg
subclavian artery 3
1. 1 subclavian artery medial boder scalenus
anterior medial lateral
common carotid artery, ansa subclavia, vagus nerve, internal jugular vein, vertebral vein
subclavian artery 1
1.1. Vertebral artery upper surface subclavian artery
scalenus anterior longug colli

foramen transversarium cervical

vertebra 6 1 foramen transversarium cervical vertebra 1 vertebral artery

lateral mass medial dura mater foramen magnum

basilar artery vertebral artery spinal artery spinal cord
1.2. Thyrocervical trunk
upper surface subclavian artery
medial border scalenus anterior 3

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1.2.1. Inferior thyroid artery medial boder scalenus

anterior cricoids cartilage thyroid
vagus nerve common carotid artery vertebral vessels
sympathetic trunk posterior boder thyroid gland
recurrent laryngeal nerve
1.2.2. Superficial cervical artery phrenic nerve brachial plexus posterior
cervical triangle of neck trapizius
1.2.3. Suprascapular artery phrenic nerve brachial plexus
subclavian artery scapular
sternocleidomastoid
1.3. Internal thoracic artery lower surface subclavian artery
costal cartilage (intercostals muscle) internal
thoracic artery superior epigastric artery musculophrenic artery
2. 2 subclavian artery scalenus anterior
dome cervical pleura
2.1 costocervical trunk pleura neck
2
- superior (highest) intercostals artery posterior intercostals artery
intercostals space 1-2
- deep cervical artery
3. 3 subclavian artery lateral boder
scalenus anterior outer boder 1 3
dorsal scapular artery levator scapulae
rhomboid

29 Subclavian artery 3 scalenus anterior

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30 upper limbs

31 subclavian, axillary brachial arteries

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Axillary artery ( 31,32)

1 subclavian artery
teres major (arm) brachial artery
pectoralis minor axillary artery 3

32 axillary artery 3 pectoralis minor

1 axillary artery
1 pectoralis minor axillary
sheath axillary v. brachial plexus
Superior thoracic a. intercostal space 1-2 serratus anterior
2 axillary artery
pectoralis minor lateral cord, medial cord posterior cord brachial plexus

Thoracoacromial a.
Lateral thoracic a.
Thoracoacromial a.
pectoralis minor costocoracoid membrane
clavipectoral fascia 4
1.acromial branch
2.deltoid branch
3.pectoral branch
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4.clavicular branch
Lateral thoracic a.
pectoralis minor pectoral axillary lymph node
s mammillary gland
3 axillary artery

pectoralis minor teres major 3

1. subscapular artery
2. anterior circumflex humeral artery
3. posterior circuflex humeral artery
Subscapular artery ( 33)
subscapularis
Thoracodorsal artery latissimus dorsi
Circumflex scapular artery scapular
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
coracobrachialis biceps brachii
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
quadrangular space deltoid triceps brachii

33 scapular region
Brachial artery ( 31,32,37)
Axillary artery teres major brachial artery

humerus tricep brachii brachialis cubital fossa

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bicipital aponeurosis neck radius

radial artery
ulna artery

34 brachial artery teres major cubital fossa

radial ulna arteries
Profunda brachii artery (Deep brachial artery or Deep artery of arm) ( 34)
brachial
teres major radial nerve medial head long
head tricep brachii radial groove
anterior posterior descending branch
Nutrient artery
nutrient canal humerus
Superior ulnar collateral artery
ulnar nerve medial epicondyle
(anastomose) posterior ulnar recurrent artery ulnar artery
inferior collateral artery brachial artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery
medial epicondyle
Radial artery ( 35)
cubital fossa neck radius biceps tendon
radial artery cubital fossa styloid process
radius radial artery brachioradialis

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radius lateral collateral ligament APL EPB

floor anatomical snuffbox deep palmar arterial arch ulnar artery

35 brachial artery cubital fossa radial ulnar artery

radial artery ( 35)
1. Muscular branches
2. Radial recurrent artery brachioradialis brachialis
anastomos radial collateral artery profunda brachii artery
3. Superficial palmar branch (superficial palmar arch)
4. Palmar carpal branch (palmar carpal arch)
5. Dorsal carpal branch (dorsal carpal arch)
Ulnar artery ( 35)
pronator teres median nerve ulnar head radial
head flexor digitorum superficialis
ulnar artery
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1. Anterior ulnar reccurent artery

2. Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
3. Common interosseous artery
. Anterior interosseous artery
. Posterior interosseous artery
6. Muscular branch of ulnar artery
7. Pulmar carpal branch of the ulnar artery

. palmar carpal arch

8.Dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery

. dorsal carpal arch

9.Superficial branch of the ulnar artery

. superficial palmar arch

10.Deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery

. deep palmar arch

Ulnar artery flexor retinaculum
pisiform hook hamate Guyons canal ulanr artery

1. superficial palmar arch (main termination)

..common palmar digital arteries

..proper palmar digital arteries

2. deep palmar arch
radial artery ( 36, 37)
Superficial palmar branch thenar long flexor tendon
superficial arterial arch radial artery APL EPB
anatomical snuffbox

dorsal interosseous m.
1 princeps pollicis radial indicis

adductor pollicis
deep branch ulnar a. deep palmar arch metacarpal a. 3 deep palmar arch
common palmar digital a. superficial palmar arterial arch
ulnar artery ( 38,39,40)
ulnar n. flexor retinaculum pisiform
deep palmar branch superficial arterial palmar arch
1. Superficial palmar arch
ulnar artery Common palmar digital artery 3 arch
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2. Deep palmar arch

radial artery palmar metacarpal artery 3 arch

36 dorsum of hand princeps pollicis artery radial

artery

37 palmar of hand superficial palmar arch (ulnar artery) deep

palmar arch (radial artery)

Descending aorta ( 38)
arch of aorta

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1. Thoracic aorta
2. Abdominal aorta

38 descending aorta thoracic aorta

abdominal aorta
Thoracic aorta ( 38)

arch of aorta inferior boder thoracic vertebra 4 inferior
border thoracic vertebra 12
aortis hiatus
thoracic vertebra

thoracic aorta ( 38,39)

1. Bronchial artery trachea, bronchi, lung tissue lymph nodes
2. Pericardial artery pericardium
3. Posterior intercostal artery intercostal space
4. Superior phrenic artery diaphargm
5. Esophageal artery esophagus
6. Mediastinal artery
7. Subcostal artery

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39 thoracic aorta

40 internal thoracic inferior epigastric artery

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( 40)
1. Anterior intercostal artery (internal thoracic a.) 6
2. Anterior intercostal artery 7-9 musculophrenic artery
3. Posterior intercostal artery (thoracic aorta)
- 2 superior intercostal a. costocervical trunk
- Posterior intercostal a. 9
- Subcostal artery 1
- spinal cord, vertebrae, black muscle skin
mammary gland ( 41)

1. Medial mammary branches perforating branches internal thoracic artery
2. Lateral thoracic artery
3. Thoracoacromial artery
4. Posterior intercostals artery thoracic aorta intercostals space 2-4

41 mammary gland
( 41)

1. external iliac artery
1. Inferior epigastric artery
2. Deep circumflex iliac artery
2. internal thoracic artery
1. Superior epigastric artery
2. Musculophrenic artery
3. posterior intercostal artery
1. Posterior intercostals artery intercostals space 10 11
2. Subcostal artery
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abdominal aorta ( 42)

posterior abdominal wall aortic hiatus diaphragm intervertebral disc
T12 - L1 thoracic vertebra 12 Lumbar vertebra 4 13
abdominal aorta commom iliac arteries
umbilicus 2 - 3 iliac crest
common iliac arteries (inferolaterally)
medial border psoas pelvic brim

internal iliac external

iliac arteries internal iliac artery
external iliac arteries iliopsoas

1. Inferior epigastric artery
2. Deep circumflex iliac artery
abdominal aorta
celiac plexus ganglion, body pancreas, splenic vein, left renal vein, horizontal part
duodenum small intestine
Abdominal aorta body thoracic vertebra 12
body lumbar vertebra 4 abdominal aorta azygos vein,cistern chili, thoracic
duct, right crus of diaphragm right celiac ganglion left crus of diaphragm
left celiac ganglion

42 abdominal aorta
abdominal aorta 4 ( 42,43,44,45)
1. unpaired visceral branch
- celiac trunk T12
- superior mesenteric artery L1
- inferior mesenteric artery L3
2. paired visceral branch
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- middle suprarenal artery L1

- renal artery L1
- gonadal artery
. testicular artery
. ovarian artery
3. paired parietal branch
- inferior phrenic artery
- lumbar artery 4
4. unpaired parietal branch
- median sacral artery

43 celiac trunk

44 superior mesenteric artery

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45 inferior mesenteric artery

Internal iliac artery ( 46)
pelvic cavity

intervertebral disc L5 - S1 4 ureter
sacroiliac joint internal iliac vein lumbosacral trunk

posteromedial lesser pelvis medial external iliac vein obturator nerve internal iliac
artery greater sciatic foramen
1. Anterior division (trunk)
2. Posterior division (trunk)
Internal iliac artery pelvis pelvis (pelvic
viscera), musculoskeletal part of pelvis gluteal, medial thigh
perineum

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46
anterior division internal iliac artery
1. Umbilical artery
2. Obturator artery
3. Inferior vescical artery
4. Middle rectal artery
5. Internal pudendal artery
6. Middle rectal artery
7. Inferior gluteal artery
anterior division internal iliac artery
1. Umbilical artery
2. Obturator artery
3. Uterine artery
4. Vaginal artey
5. Middle rectal artery
6. Internal pudendal artery
7. Middle rectal artery
8. Inferior gluteal artery

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Umbilical artery
superior vesicle artery
(placenta)
fibrous cord medial umbilical ligament (medial umbilical fold)
Obturator artery
umbilical artery obturator nerve obturator vein
obturator canal
1. Muscular branch
2. Nutrient branch ilium
3. Pubic branch anstomose with inferior epigasrtric artery
Inferior vesicle artery
fundus urinary bladder seminal vesicle, prostate gland
urinary bladder artery of ductus deferens prostatic artery
Vaginal artery
inferior vesicle artery vagina, urinary bladder, pelvic part of urethra
Uterine artery
internal iliac

root of
broad ligament fornix ureter
1. superior branch body fundus of uterus
2. Vaginal branch cervix vagina
3. Ovarian branch ovary
Middle rectal artery
1. prostate gland seminal vesicle
2. vagina
Internal pudendal artery
piriformis sacral plexus piriformis
coccygeus greater sciatic foramen ischial spine sacrospinous ligament

lesser sciatic foramen ischioanal fossa (pudendal canal) pubic symphysis

1. Deep artery of penis
2. dorsal artery of the penis Clitoris
Inferior gluteal artery
S2 & S3 greater sciatic foramen
piriformis piriformis buttock

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posterior division internal internal artery ( 46)

1. Superior gluteal artery
2. Iliolumbar artery
3. Lateral sacral artery (superior inferior)
Superior gluteal artery
lumbosacral trunk ventral ramus S1
greater sciatic foramen piriformis
Iliolumbar artery
iliac fossa

sacroiliac joint psoas

major obturator nerve lumbosacral trunk
1. Iliac branch iliacus muscle, ilium
2. Lumbar branch psoas major quadratus lumborum
Lateral sacral artery
sacral ventral rami spinal artery
Superior rectal artery
inferior mesenteric a. common iliac a. sigmoid mesocolon
pelvis minor L3 2 rectum internal anal sphincter Anastomoses middle
rectal a., inferior rectal a.
Ovarian artery
abdominal aorta renal a. inferior mesenteric a.
parietal peritoneum ureter pelvis minor external iliac a.
suspensory ligament of ovary ovary uterine tube

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(lower limbs)

47 lower limb femoral artery

Femoral artery ( 47, 48)
external iliac artery inguinal ligament
femoral vein femoral triangle Femoral artery deep fascia great
saphenous vein superficial fascia Femoral artery psoas, major pectinius adductor
longus
1. superficial branch
2.deep branch

1 :
.

45

48 femoral artery
Superficial branches of the femoral artery ( 47,48,49)
1. Superficial circumflex iliac a.
2. Superficial epigastric a.
3. Superficial external pudendal a.
4. Deep external pudendal a.
Deep branches of the femoral artery ( 47,48,49)
Profunda femoris artery
- lateral circumflex femoral artery
.ascending branch
.transverse branch
.descending branch
- Medial circumflex femoral artery
1 :
.

46

.ascending branch
.transverse branch
- Perforating a.
.first perforating a.
.second perforating a.
.third perforating a.
.fourth perforating a.
- Descending genicular a.
.superficial branch
.deep branch
Profunda femoris artery ( 47,48,49)
femoral
inguinal ligament 4 cm
Medial circumflex humeral a. head neck femur iliopsoas
pectinius
Lateral circumflex humeral a. satorius rectus femoris
head femur

49 femoral artery

1 :
.

47

Cardiac angiography and Renal angiography

femoral artery femoral triangle

Popliteal artery ( 50)
femoral artery adductor hiatus popliteal fossa

popliteus anterior posterior tibial a. 5
articular capsule ligament knee joint genicular anastomosis

Genicular anastomosis
knee joint
1. Lateral superior genicular artery
2. Lateral inferior genicular artery
3. Medial superior genicular artery
4. Medial inferior genicular artery
5. Middle genicular artery
6. Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery
7. Descending genicular artery
8. Anterior tibial recurrent artery
9. Posterior tibial recurrent artery

50 popliteal artery popliteal fossa

1 :
.

48

(anterior compartment of leg) ( 50)

Anterior tibial artery
popliteus
interosseous membrane interosseous membrane deep
peroneal nerve tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus superior
extensor reticulum extensor reticulum
extensor digitorum longus

dorsalis pedis artery
(lateral compartment of leg) ( 50, 51)
perforating branch anterior tibial artery
perforating branch fibular artery
(posterior compartment of leg) ( 50, 51)
posterior tibial artery popliteal
artery popliteus fibrous arch soleus
soleus fibular artery
tibial tibialis posterior muscle

medial malleolus flexor retinaculum medial plantar artery
lateral plantar artery
Peroneal artery posterior tibial artery
interosseous membrane fibula
flexor hallucis longus perforating interosseous membrane

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
intermittent claudication

1 :
.

49

51
1 :
.

50

Dorsal artery of foot (dorsalis pedis a.) ( 52)

anterior tibial
medial malleolus lateral malleolus
inferior extensor retinaculum EHL EDL
deep plantar a. plantar arch first dorsal metatarsal a.
Lateral tarsal a. EDB
Deep plantar a. interosseous space
First dorsal metatarsal
Arcuate a. base metatarsal 4 dorsal
metatarsal 2 3 4

dorsal digital a. 2

52
1 :
.

51

sole of foot ( 52)

1. Medial plantar a. 1
2. Lateral plantar a. medial plantar a. abductor hallucis FDB
deep branch medial plantar a. deep plantar arch
base metatarsal
5 deep plantar a. (dorsalis pedis a.)

53

1 :
.

52

(Venous System)


(superficial part)
(deep part) superficial part superficial fascia deep part
deep artery inferior
vena cava (IVC) superior vene cava (SVC) 60-70% total blood volume

(valves)
muscular pump

1. Superficial veins of the upper limbs ( 54, 55)
Superficial veins upper limbs cephalic vein basilic vein subcutaneous
connective tissue dorsal venous network perforating vein superficial vein
deep vein
Cephalic vein
dorsal venous network anterolateral
elbow joint cephalic vein median cubital vein
basilica vein cephalic vein deltoid pectoralis
major

deltopectoral groove cephalic vein

clavipectoral triangle costocoracoid membrane clavipectoral fascia
axillary vein
Basilic vein
medial end dorsal venous network medial

brachial fascia

brachial artery median cutaneous nerve of forearm

venae comitantes deep vein axillary vein
Median antibrachial vein (median vein of forearm)
base of dorsum of thumb

cephalic vein basilic vein median antibrachial vein median
basilic vein basilic vein median cephalic vein cephalic vein

1 :
.

53

54 superficial veins upper limb

55 superficial vein upper limbs median cubital vein

1 :
.

54

2.

2 venae commitante ( 56)

artery

56 venae comitantes
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/c/cb/300px-Gray575.png
3. superficial vein ( 57, 58)
The external jugular veins (scalp) (facial)
superficial neck
external jugular veins
sternocleidomastoid platysma
left right subclavian
veins clavicles

57
1 :
.

55

58
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray557.png/250px-Gray557.png
External jugular veins ( 57, 58, 59)
superficial temporal maxillary veins retromandibular vein retromandibular
vein
1. anterior division
2. posterior division
posterior division posterior auricular vein external jugular vein
external jugular vein
sternocleidomastoid
mastoid process angle of mandible
clavicle external jugular vein platysma
sternocleidomastoid deep fascia
sternocleidomastoid clavicle 5
subclavian vein external jugular vein subclavian vein 2
anterior division retromandibular vein facial vein

1 :
.

56

59 superficial
http://www.veins1.com/images/650_8.11a.gif
external jugular vein tributary tributary

1. posterior auricular vein
2. posterior division of retromandibular vein
3. posterior external jugular vein
4. transverse cervical vein
5. suprascapular vein
6. anterior jugular vein

1 :
.

57

4. deep vein ( 60)

internal jugular veins
dural venous sinus internal
jugular veins

60
dura (Dural venous sinus) ( 60)
meningeal periosteal dura
mater endothelium venous sinus

internal jugular vein

Dural venous sinuses 2
1. (paired dural venous sinuses)
2. (unpaired dural venous sinuses)
2 dural venous sinus
(paired dural venous sinuses)
(unpaired dural venous sinuses)
Transverse sinus
Superior sagittal sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Superior petrosal sinus
Occipital sinus
Inferior petrosal sinus
Straight sinus
Cavernous sinus
Intervavernous sinus
Sphenoparietal sinus
Basilar sinus

1 :
.

58

Dural venous sinus ( 61)

4.1.1. Superior sagittal sinus ( 61) midline falx cerebri
crista galli internal occipital protuberance sinus (groove)
clavaria 60 % superior sagittal sinus
right transverse sinus left transverse sinus right left
transverse sinus occipital bone transverse sinus
jugular foramen

superior sagittal sinus confluens sinus superior sagittal
sinus superior cerebral vein cerebrospinal
fluid(CFS) subarachnoid space arachnoid villi venous lacunae
Superior sagittal sinus veins emissary veins parietal foramina

61 superior sagittal sinus coronal section

4.1.2. Inferior sagittal sinus superior sagittal sinus
falx cerebri great vein of Galen straight sinus (rectus sinus)
inferior sagittal sinus cortical veins medial aspect cerebral hemispheres
4.1.3. Straight sinus inferior sagittal sinus great vein of Galen
4.1.4. Transverse sinus confluens sinuses
tentorium cerebella groove occipital bones tentorium cerebelli
sigmoid sinus
4.1.5. Sigmoid sinuses S-shaped posterior cranial fossa
posterior part mastoid part temporal bones superior surface jugular
tubercles occipital bone sigmoid sinuses superior bulbs jugular veins jugular vein
inferior petrosal sinuses internal jugular vein

dural venous
sinuses sigmoid sinuses internal jugular vein inferior petrosal sinuses
internal jugular veins
1 :
.

59

4.1.6. Occipital sinuses dural venous sinuses

foramen magnum internal vertebral plexus confluens
sinuses
4.1.7. Cavernous sinuses ( 62) 2 cm 1 cm
sella turcica body sphenoid superior orbital fissure apex
petrous part temporal bone posterior intercavernous sinus superior
inferior petrosal sinuses cavernous sinus superior inferior ophthalmic veins,
superficial middle cerebral vein
cavernous sinus occulomotor nerve,
trochlear nerve, ophthalmic maxillary division trigeminal nerve, internal
carotid artery sympathetic plexus abducen nerve
4.1.8. Superior petrosal sinuses cavernous sinuses
transverse sinus sigmoid sinuses tentorium cerebella
petrous part temporal
4.1.9. Inferior petrosal sinuses cavernous sinuses internal
jugular veins
Basilar plexus ( 63)
clivus inferior petrosal sinus
internal vertebral venous plexus
Emissary veins
intracranial venous sinuses vein

62 dural venus sinus dura mater

1 :
.

60

63 carvernous sinus

64 basilar venous plexus

Pterygoid venous plexus ( 60, 65)
infratemporal fossa lateral
pterygoid muscle temporalis muscle
maxillary pterygoid venous plexus maxillary vein
superficial vein
cavernous sinus cavernous sinus
CN III, CN IV, CN VI, V1, V2 internal carotid artery

cavernous sinus
Pterygoid venous plexus
1. Deep facial vein pterygoid facial vein
2. Inferior ophthalmic vein
3. Emissary vein cavernous sinus
4. Maxillary vein pterygoid plexus

1 :
.

61

65 pterygoid venous plexus carvernous sinus

(Spinal vein) ( 66, 67)
Spinal vein spinal artery 2
1. Anterior longitudinal venous trunk anteromedian veins anterolateral veins
2. Posterior longitudinal venous trunk posteromedian veins posterolateral
veins

spinal cord venous vasocorona

radicular veins internal vertebral venous plexus (epidural
venous plexus)

66 spinal cord
http://www.instantanatomy.net/diagrams/HN114a.jpg
1 :
.

62

67 internal vertebral venous plexus anterior posterior group

(Veins of the brain)

dural venous sinus
Superficial cerebral veins ( 68)
cortex subcortical white matter
anastomosis pia mater
dural sinuses superior sagittal sinus, cavernous sinus, petrosal sinus transverse sinus
Superficial cerebral veins 3
1. Superior cerebral veins superior sagittal sinus
2. Inferior cerebral veins transverse sinus
3. Superficial middle cerebral veins (Sylvian vein) cavernous sinus

68 superficial vein
1 :
.

63

Deep cerebral veins ( 69, 70)

3
1. Internal cerebral veins
2. Basal veins (Rosenthal)
3. Great cerebral vein (Galen)
1. Internal cerebral veins
midline tela choroidea roof third ventricle (velum
interpositum) interventricular foramen thalamus quidrigeminal cistern
internal cerebral veins great cerebral vein
internal cerebral vein
1. Thalamostriate vein
2. Choroidal vein
3. Septal vein
4. Epithalamic vein
5. Lateral ventricular vein
foramen of Monro terminal (thalamostriate) cerebral vein
venous angle internal cerebral vein
2. Basal veins (Rosenthal)
medial part anterior temporal lobe
1. Anterior cerebral vein
2. Deep middle cerebral vein
3. Inferior striate vein
3. Great cerebral vein (Galen)

1. Internal cerebral vein

2. Occipital vein
3. Basal vein

1 :
.

64

69 internal cerebral vein tributaries

70 Midsagittal view tributaries internal cerebral vein great cerebral vein of

Galen rectus sinus

internal jugular veins
emissary veins
Basilar plexus occipital plexus internal vertebral plexus foramen magnum

dural venous sinuses vertebral venous system

vertebral plexus dural venous sinuses blood clot pelvic vein

dural venous sinuses

1 :
.

65

emissary vein dural venous sinuses
superior sagittal sinuses parietal emissary veins thrombophlebitis
dural venous sinuses
Facial vein cavernous sinus ophthalmic vein
thrombophlebitis facial
vein dural venous sinuses thrombophlebitis carvernous sinus
intercavernous sinuses
Internal jugular vein ( 71)


jugular foramen sigmoid sinus
carotid sheath subclavian root of neck brachiocephalic vein
internal jugular vein superior
inferior bulbs inferior bulb (valve) 1

71 internal jugular vein, superior bulb, inferior bulb

http://www.veins1.com/images/650_8.11a.gif
internal jugular vein tributary tributary

1. inferior petrosal sinus jugular foramen internal
jugular vein superior bulb
2. occipital vein
3. facial vein anterior facial vein submandibular
anterior division retromandibular vein
4. lingual vein
1 :
.

66

5. pharyngeal vein pharyngeal venous plexus

6. superior thyroid vein thyroid
7. middle thyroid vein thyroid

72 superficial vein deep vein

Internal jugular vein subclavian vein

brachiocephalic vein
brachiocephalic vein superior vena cava(SVC)
right atrium
( 72, 73)
Brachiocephalic veins ( 72, 73)

internal jugular vein

subclvvian vein mediall end clavicle
Right brachiocephalic vein ( 72)
2.5 left brachiocephalic vein
superior vena cava costal cartilage 1
1. Right vertebral vein
2. Right internal troracic vein
3. Right posterior intercoatal vein 1
Left brachiocephalic vein ( 72)
6 medial end clavicle
manubrium sterni right brachiocephalic vein
superior vena cava left subclavian artery, left common carotid artery, brachiocephalic arterty,
vagus nerve phrenic nerve aortic arch Left brachiocephalic vein
1. Left vertebral vein
2. Left internal thoracic vein
1 :
.

67

3. Inferior thyroid vein

4. Left superior intercostals vein
5. Left posterior intercostals vein intercostals space 1
6. Pericardial vein
7. Thymic vein
Superior vene cava ( 72, 73, 74)
brachiocephalic veins
costal cartilage 1 right atrium costal cartilage 3

7.5

Superior vena cava diaphragm

right atrium
Superior vena cava superior mediastinum anterolateral trachea
posterolateral ascending aorta right phrenic nerve superior vena cava
mediastinum pleura

73

1 :
.

68

74 superior vena cava

5. Superficial vein of the lower limbs ( 75)
subcutaneous connective tissue
superficial veins deep fascia deep veins deep veins
deep arteries superficial veins deep veins valves lumen valves
deep veins superficial veins
Superficial veins lower limbs 2
1. great saphenous vein
2. small saphenous vein
tributaries superficial veins

5.1 Great saphenous vein

medial dorsal vein (great toe) medial end
dorsal venous arch great saphenous vein medial malleolus

medial epicondyle femur small saphenous

vein great saphenous vein femoral vein fascia lata(cribiform fascia)
saphenous opening

1 :
.

69

lumen great saphenous vein valves 10 12

valves veins venous valves cusps endothelial cell cup- like
valvular sinuses (unidirectional)
Great saphenous tributaries perforating branches small saphenous vein
Tributaries great saphenous vein deep veins
1. medial

2. small saphenous vein
3. Superficial circumflex iliac vein
4. Superficial epigastric vein
5. Superficial external pudendal vein
5.2 Small saphenous vein
lateral dorsal vein of the little toe dorsal
venous arch small saphenous vein lateral malleolus
lateral border
calcaneuos tendon deep fascia head gastrocnemius
popliteal vein popliteal fossa
Small saphenous vein 6 12 lateral side

5.3 Perforating veins
superficial vein deep fascia deep vein
deep vein lower limbs musculovenous pump

75 superficial veins lower limbs

1 :
.

70

6. Deep vein of the lower limb

deep venae comitantes deep veins

Varicose veins ( 76,77)

valves
posteromedial
lower limb eczema ulcers

76
http://indianhealthguru.files.wordpress.com/2007/03/varicose.jpg

77 varicose vein posteromedial

http://www.dornier.com/americas/english_gb/patient/veins/varicose_veins/images/VaricoseVein.jpg
lower limb venous thrombosis (blood cloting)
thrombosis pulmonary artery pulmonary
thrombosis

1 :
.

71

7.

lower limbs femoral veins external iliac veins
internal iliac veins external internal iliac veins common iliac veins
common iliac veins IVC right
atrium ( 78)

78 inferior vena cava tributary

http://www.veins1.com/images/164_2.101.gif
azygos
azygos vertebral column

(variation)
tributaries
Azygos vein ( 79, 80)
ascending lumbar vein, right subcostal vein
inferior vena cava renal vein aortic hiatus
posterior mediastinum vertebral column thoracic vertebra 4
root of right lung superior vena cava SVC pericardium
1 :
.

72

: esophagus, diaphragm, right lung, root of lung
: thoracic vertebra 4 12, right posterior intercostals artery

: thoracic duct, descending aorta
: right lung, greater splanchnic nerve

79 azygos

80 hemiazygos accessory hemiazygos vein

1 :
.

73

Azygos vein
1. Accessory hemiazygos vein
2. Hemiazygos vein
3. Right bronchial vein
4. Right ascending lumbar vein
5. Right posterior intercostals vein intercostals space 4-11
6. Right posterior intercostals vein right posterior intercostals veins intercostals
space 2-3
7. Right subcostal vein
8. Esophageal vein
9. Pericardial vein
10. Mediastinal vein
Hemiazygos vein ( 81, 82)
left subclavian vein, ascending lumbar vein,
left renal vein hemiazygoa vein thorax vertebral column thoracic aorta
thoracic vertebra 9 aorta, esophagus thoracic duct
azygos vein
Hemiazygos vein
1. Left posterior intercostals vein intercostals space 9 11
2. Lower esophageal vein
Accessory Hemiazygos vein ( 81, 82)
hemiazygos vein left superior intercostals vein
1. Left posterior intercostals veins intercostals space 4 8
2. Left bronchial vein

thoracic vertebra 8 aorta, thoracic

duct esophagus
azygos accessory hemiazygos vein
left superior intercostals vein hemiazygos vein

1 :
.

74

81 azygos vein, hemiazygos vein accessory hemiazygos vein

82 azygos vein, hemiazygos vein accessory hemiazygos vein

1 :
.

75

portal system
portal system
hepatic portal system
(abdomen) hypothalamohypophysial system pituitary gland
Hepatic portal system ( 83, 84, 85)

portal system
portal vein portal vein splenic vein superior mesenteric vein inferior
mesenteric vein splenic vein left gastric
vein portal vein
Portal vein proper hepatic artery common bile duct
portal triad portal vein venous capillary bed
sinusoid sinusoid hepatocytes detoxify

central vein
hepatic vein IVC
(9 0) (cirrhosis)
portal portal portal hypertension
vena cava
venous system
1.
Paraumbilical veins superficial inferior epigastric veins
2. Superior rectal veins inferior middle rectal veins
3. Colic twigs lumbar segmental renal venous branch
4. Esophageal vein of abdomen esophageal vein of azygos vein

83 hepatic portal system

1 :
.

76

84 hepatic portal system

http://webanatomy.net/anatomy/hepatic_portal_system.jpg

85 carput medusa
Hypothalamohypophyseal portal system ( 86)
hypothalamus pituitary gland
pituitary gland
1. Superior hypophysial artery
2. Inferior hypophysial artery
1 :
.

77

internal carotid artery par tuberalis,

median eminence infundibulum

fenestrated capillaries primary

capillary plexus portal vein hypophysial portal veins
par tuberalis second fenestrated sinusoidal capillary network (secondary capillary plexus)
pituitary gland cavernous sinus

86 hypothalamohypophyseal portal system

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2. Victor P. Eroschenko. di Fiores Atlas of Histology with functional correlations
3. Keith L. Moore and T.V.N. Persaud. 2003. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. 7
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ed. Saunders.
4. Sadler T.W. 2000. Langmans Medical Embryology. 8 th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
5. Tortora G.J. and Grabowski S.R., 2000. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. 9th ed.
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7. Grant's atlas of anatomy / Anne M.R. Agur. Philadelphia, Pa. : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, c1999.
QS17 A284g 1999.
8. Burkitt H.G., Young B., and Heath J.W. 1996. Wheathers Functional Histology. A Text
9. and Color Atlas. 3th ed. Churchill Livingstone.
10. Clinical anatomy for medical students / Richard S. Snell. Boston : Little, Brown, c1995. QS4 S671c
1995.
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1994.
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1992.
1 :
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