BIASING

Diodes,Transistors,Fets Practical Perspective. Prof K.Appa rao

BIASING DIODES,TRANSISTORS,FETS HOW practical perspective

Semiconductor Diodes. Specs of diodes, Determine ckt, apparatus for forward bias. Reverse bias ckt and apparatus
FUN WITH DIODES

BIASING

ZENER DIODES, design supply,estimate ripple TUNNEL DIODES FUN WITH ZENERS TRANSISTORS ..Biasing methods FUN WITH TRANSISTORS FETS ..How to bias,..difficulties.

DIODES

FORWARD BIAS
Specs: Vf @ If

REVERSE BIAS
Specs Ir @ Vr

Vb

If

Vb

Apparatus: DC Power supply Ammeter , Voltmeter, Diode, Resistor ,Bread board, Wires

Apparatus: DC Power supply Ammeter , Voltmeter, Diode, Resistor ,Bread board, Wires

An Engineer specifies thus

Dual/Single Dc Regulated Power supply 0-30v / 1 A ..1 No. Moving coil DC milli ammeter 10 ma FSD.. 1 No. 3 digit Digital Multi-meter LCD type ..1No. Diode type 1N 4148. 1 No. Carbon Film resistor 2.7 k w 5 % 1 No.. Bread board.1 No Single strand 1/20 insulated PVC wires

How to determine R ? If = 10 ma
Vb volts
10 20 30

R ohms
820 1800 2700

Pd dissipation
100 mw 200 mw 300 mw

W& tolerance &5%

&5% &5%

Reverse Bias Characteristic.

A widely used circuit, Is it OK ? what does uA V read ? V read by analog ua meter, by DMM THINK. !!!

Correct Methods.

Solution 1.
Ir 0-30v

1 uF

To CRO 1 M ohm

I r= Vosc/1 M, say 15 mv/1M =15 nA !!

Correct methods..

Solution 2

DMM 0-30v 1 M ohm

I r= Vdmm/1 M, say 15 mv/1M =15 nA !!

FUN WITH DIODES

Enjoy QUIZ

PROBLEM 1.
1k
I

10 V

Ge

Si

I = (a) 10 ma (b) 9.7 ma ( c ) 9.3 ma

PROBLEM No 2
1k
I

10 V

Ge

Si

I= (a) 9.3 ma (b) 0 ma ( C ) 9.7ma

PROBLEM No 3

- 10 V 1K -5V

I = (a) 15 ma (b) 5 ma ( c ) 0 ma

PROBLEM No 4
1K Vo + 10 V -5V

Vo = (a) 0.7 v (b) 5 v ( c ) - 4.3 V

PROBLEM No 5
1K
Vo Ge

LED
20 V Si

(a) 0.3V (b) -0.7 V ( c ) 1.8 V

PROBLEM No 6
1K
Vo Ge

LED
20 V Si Vo = ?

FUN WITH LEDS & RECTIFIERS

Enjoy QUIZ

Use LEDs ,Glow on conduction

D2

D2
D1

D1

R1 V1

R1 V1

D3

D3

D4 D4

D1 and D3 conduct

D4 and D2 conduct

Some interesting Applications

USING DIODES

Radio without power

Antenna
D1

Ear phone

L1

C1

C2

Battery Charger
12v D1 R1

230v

TR1

12v

Lamp life protector

S initially open closed afterwards LAMP/ Soldering ir on

230v

Current direction indicators

D1 glows D1
Current direction

D2 glows D2
Current direction

Clip wave around zero

INPUT

OUTPUT

ZENER DIODES

Analysis, Design

Zener diode

Forward bias, acts like diode

I = (Vb-O.7)/R I
R

Reverse Bias, acts Like Zener

R = (Vb-Vz)/Iz
R

Vz

Iz
Vb

Vb

Vz

Design of Zener diode supplies

Rs=2k Vo = ?

12v Vmin

Vz = 5v

1k

(Vmin x Rl)/(Rl+Rs) = Vz, ,

Vmin = (5(1+2)/1 = 15v

FUN WITH ZENERS

Enjoy QUIZ

PROBLEM 1
1k Vo = ?

20v

5v

Vo= (a) 0 (b) 5v (c) 0.7v

PROBLEM No 2
1k Vo = ?

10v

5v

Ge Vo= (a) 5v (b) 0 (c) 0.3v

PROBLEM No 3
1k Vo = ?

20v

5v

Si

Vo= (a) 0.7v (b) 5 ( c ) 0v

PROBLEM No 4
1k Vo = ? 5v

20v

Vo= (a) 5.6v (b) 5v ( c ) 20v

Si

PROBLEM No 5

Clip Waves around zero

1k Vo =? 20v p-p sine wave 5v

PROBLEM No 6
R1 Vo= ? 5v 20v p-p sine input 5v

BIASING Transistors
NPN transisor PNP Transistor

C Ib

Ic

Ib B

Ic
Realtions : Ie = Ib + Ic, Ic = Ib, = ai/1-ai

Ie
T1

T2

Ie

BE jn forward biase Rulesd, BC jn reverse biased

Biasing (Beta dependant)

Fixed Bias with Emitter stabilised feed back Vc Rb Rc Rb Vc Rc Rb Vc Rc Rb Feed back Bias with Emitter stabilised feed back Vc Rc

T1 Ic = Ib FIXED BIAS

T2 Ie = (+1)Ic Voltage Feed Back FIXED BIAS

T3 Re

T4 Re

Voltage Divider Bias

Vcc R1 Rc

Vb = (Vccx R2)/(R1 + R2) Ve = Vb - Vbe Ie = Ic = Ve/Re

T1

R2

Re

Keep current thru R1 > 10 times Ib Stability S = (1+B) ( 1+Rb/Re)/(1+B+ Rb/Re)

FUN WITH TRANSISORS

Enjoy QUIZ

PROBLEM No 1
10v 100k
Ib = (10-0.7)/100 93 uA Ib Ic = 20x93 = 1860 1.86 mA Vc= 10-1.86 = 8.14 v OK

1k

hfe = 20

PROBLEM No 2

Ib = ? Ic = ? Ie = ?

Ib

Hfe= Hfe 100 100

PROBLEM No 3
10v 1k

Ic = ?
Vc = ?
1k

PROBLEM No 4
+20v 2k 1k

-10v

T2

Ve = ? 5k

PROBLEM No 5
10v 1k 1k 1k 1 = 2 = 100 T2 T1

Vc1= ? Vc2 = ?

PROBLEM No 6
10 v 10k 1k Vc = ? T1 Ve = ? 2k 1k