ACUTE GLOMERULAR NEPHRITIS

GUIDE MRS. VIJAYA SURESH, M.SC(N) LECTURER C.S.I.JACON

Nephros kidney -itis inflammation of Glomus small round ball or knot Glomerulonephritis inflammation of the glomeruli

DEFINITION
Acute glomrulonphrites Is caractrised by a relatively abrupt onset of variable dgres of haematuria, oedema, hypertension, oliguria along with diminished glomerular filtration rate (GFR), Salt and fluid rtention and circulatory congestion.

ETIOLOGY
POSTINFECTIOUS Streptococci, staphylococci, Treponema palladium, salmonella typhi, leptospirosis Plasmodium malaria, toxoplasma, filarial Hepatitis B and C, cytomegalovirus, provirus, Ebstein Barr virus Associated with severe infections OTHERS Memberanoproliferative glomerulonephritis IgA nephropathy Hereditary nephropathy Acute interstitial nephritis

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Streptococcal infection Antigen antibody complex Trapped in the glomerular loop & inflammatory reactions occurs Proliferation and swelling of endothelium

Change in glomerular capillary

Dimished glomerular filtration rate Sodium & water retension Expanded plasma and interstitial fluid volume Circulatory congestion Oedema damage of glomerular filtration membrane

Progressive renal failure

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
INITIAL SIGNS Puffiness of face Peri orbital oedema Anorexia Passage of dark coloured urine OEDEMA Is more prominent in the face in the morning but spreads during the day to involve the extremities and abdomen.

URINE Is cloudy, smoky brown, reduced volume. The child is pale, irritable, and lethargic and appears unwell but seldom expresses specific complaints. Older children may complain of: Headache Abdominal discomfort Dysuria

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
URINALYSIS during acute phase characteristically shows Haematuria Proteinuria Increased specific gravity Microscopic examination of the sediment shows many red blood cells, leucocytes, epithelial cells, and granular and red blood cell casts. CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY SEROLOGIC TESTS

COMPLICATION
The major complications that may develop during the acute phase of glomerulonephritis are: hypertensive encephalopathy acute cardiac decompensating acute renal failure (ARF)

Hospitalization Fluid balance Hypertension Nutrition Antibiotic

THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMANT

NURSING DIAGNOSIS

ANY QUERIES ?

THANK YOU
MS.NANCY.J.I