IMPORTANT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS(UNIT- 3)

(Q) EXPLAIN ABOUT NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS? ANS: TIMBER EXTACTION IS NORMALLY DONE BY THE FOREST DEPARTMENT IN INDIA FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES LIKE CONSTRUCTION,PAPER PULP,INDUSTRIAL USE, ETC. NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS ARE ALSO KNOWN AS NONWOOD PRODUCTS LIKE THE FOLLOWING: 1. MEDICINAL PLANTS: TULSI,ASWAGANDHA,AMLA,HALDIETC ARE USED FOR THEIR HEALING POWER IN AYURVEDIC MEDICINES. 2. EDIBLE PRODUCTS & SPICES: NUTS,HONEY,FRUITS,DRY FRUITS & SPICES COME UNDER THIS CATEGORY. FRUITS,HONEY AND MUSHROOMS ARE GREAT SOURCES OF NUTRITION & BOOST THE IMMUNE SYSTEM. 3. OILS: FATTY OILS LIKE OLIVE,SAL,GROUNDNUT,NEEM OIL ETC ARE USED FOR COOKING,HAIR OIL,MASSAGE OIL ETC. CITRONELLA OIL IS ALSO USED FOR MAKING PERFUMES, SOAPS, DETERGENTS, ETC. 4. FIBERS: FIBERS OBTAINED FROM STEMS OF JUTE ARE USED TO MAKE TEXTILES AND ALSO TO MAKE FURNITURE IN CONSTRUCTION. 5. GUMS & RESINS: USED IN PAINTS,TYRES,TUBES,WATERPROOFING,FOODS LIKE CHOCOLATES,ICECREAM,KETCHUP, ETC. 6. TANS & DYES: USED IN COLOURING CHEESE ,BUTTER AND IN PAN MASALA INDUSTRY. 7. BAMBOO: USED IN MAKING PLYWOOD, FURNITURE, PAPER 2 BASKETS. 8. ANIMAL PRODUCTS: BEESWAX IS USED IN COSMETICS & VENOMS ARE USED TO KILL BACTERIA IN HOUSES. (Q) EXPLAIN ABOUT EX-SITU CONSERVATION IN BIODIVERSITY? ANS: CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY OUTSIDE NATURAL ECOSYSTEM IN ZOOS,BOTANNICAL GARDENS,MUSEUMS,AQUARIUMS ETC IS KNOWN AS EX-SITU CONSERVATION.

* ITS MAIN OBJECTIVE IS TO CONSERVE ENDANGERED SPECIES. * MANY PROGRAMMES ARE DESIGNED TO MULTIPLY THESE ENDANGERED SPECIES. * PLANTS ARE EASILY MAINTAINED THAN ANIMALS IN EX-SITU CONSERVATION BECAUSE ANIMALS CANNOT STAY IN CAGES. * EX-SITU CONSERVATION IS DONE IN : 1. SEED BANKS: SEEDS ARE COLLECTED AND STORED IN THESE BANKS AT LOW TEMPERATURES. THEY CANNOT BE STORED FOR LONG DURATION BECAUSE THEY MIGHT SHRINK. 2. BOTANNICAL GARDENS: THEY CONSERVE RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANTS. 3. IN THIS STEMS OR ROOTS OF PLANTS ARE STORED AT FREEZING TEMPERATURE.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION & CONTROL(UNIT 4)

POLLUTION: THE WAYS BY WHICH ENVIRONMENT IS POLLUTED DUE TO HUMAN ACTIVITIES IS KNOWN AS POLLUTION.THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF POLLUTION. LIKE AIR,WATER, SOIL, MARINE, NOISE AND RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION. POLLUTANT: THE HARMFUL SUBSTANCE WHICH CAUSES POLLUTION IS KNOWN AS POLLUTANT. CO2,SULPHURDIOXIDE, RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS, PESTICIDES, SEWAGE ETC ARE SOME OF THE POLLUTANTS. THEY ARE CLASSIFIED AS: SOLID: POLLUTANTS FROM ROADS,CONSTRUCTION SITES AND OTHER AREAS OF LANDMASS. NUTRIENTS: SEWAGE, DETERGENTS & INDUSTRIAL WASTE COME UNDER THIS CATEGORY. METALS: INDUSTRIAL WASTE CONTAINS COPPER,LEAD,ALUMINIUM WHICH ARE WASHED OFF AND RELEASED IN RIVERS AND LAKES. BACTERIA: DRAINAGES & SEPTIC TANKS ARE HOMES FOR BACTERIA.