Rifeni (0910732083) Pragmatics Dr. Ike Revita, M. Hum and Drs. Josefino, M.

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Definitions and Scopes of Pragmatics One of the simplest functions of language is to establish communication. Without language we would not be able to communication with others. There is speech situation which makes miscommunication. We could call the speech situations as the scope of science of pragmatics in language studies. Because, if does not pay attention to the speech situations, it will not be able to assess a language in pragmatics. There is some kind of context that we need to know. First, the linguistic context, or cotext, which is a bunch of other words or phrases used in the same sentence. Co-text has a strong influence in the interpretation of the meaning of words that we speak. And second, the physical context. (Yule, 1985:99) The context is a knowledge behind the equally owned and that the speakers and that helps listener interpret the meaning of speech. In addition to context, other aspects of speech situations is the setting and time, illocusion, speech acts, product of a verbal act, the speaker/listener, a function of speech. Semantics and pragmatics are the study of meaning, but of course there are fundamental differences between the two. Leech claims pragmatics and semantics is the scope of which are complementary in the of meaning (complementerism), although he himself realized that there is such a tendency is often referred to as pragmatism and semanticism. Pragmatics is the study of utterance meaning, while semantics is the study of sentence meaning and word meaning. (Patrick Griffiths, An Introduction to Classic pragmatics and Semantics, 2006) Pragmatics is the study of meaning in relation to the speech situations. (Leech, 1983:8) From above, I can conclude that the meaning of the word does not just depend on the structure of sentences, but also depends on the speakers that deliver words. When we hear a conversation, then the intended meaning of speakers do not always like what we hear. What is meant by speaker is examined in pragmatics. Refferences Levinson, C. Stephen. (1983), Pragmatics, New York: Cambridge University Press. Leech, Geoffrey. (1993). Prinsip-Prinsip Pragmatik (Terj). Jakarta: IU Press. Cahyono, bambang Yudi. (1995). Kristal-kristal Ilmu Bahasa. Surabaya: Airlangga University Press.