T.C.

GENELKURMAY BAKANLII ANKARA

ARV BELGELERYLE ERMEN FAALYETLER 1914-1918 CLT II

ARMENIAN ACTIVITIES IN THE ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS 1914-1918 VOLUME II

Genelkurmay ATASE ve Genelkurmay Denetleme Bakanl Yaynlar

ANKARA GENELKURMAY BASIM EV 2005

T.C. GENELKURMAY BAKANLII ANKARA

ARV BELGELERYLE ERMEN FAALYETLER 1914-1918 CLT II

ARMENIAN ACTIVITIES IN THE ARCHIVE DOCUMENTS 1914-1918 VOLUME II

Genelkurmay ATASE ve Genelkurmay Denetleme Bakanl Yaynlar

ANKARA GENELKURMAY BASIM EV 2005

NCELEME KURULU / INSPECTION COMMITTEE

Dr. Hv. Korg. Erdoan KARAKU Prof.Dr. Yusuf HALAOLU Prof.Dr. Hikmet ZDEMR Do.Dr. Yusuf SARINAY Dr..Alb. Ahmet TETK

YAYIN KURULU / PUBLICATION COMMITTEE

Yayna Hazrlayan / Editor Dr. . Alb. Ahmet TETK

ngilizce eviri ve Sayfa Dzeni / English Translation and Page Design Yusuf Serdar DEMRTA Dzelti / Redaction Mahmut Yksel CANBAZ brahim KILI Belge eviri / Document Transcription Meryem AKKO Sema KPER Nuri BAYRAK Mehmet KORKMAZ Melike CEYHAN Akgl ZINAR idem ALAR Aye SEVEN Belge Ayrm / Document Classification Zafer ERZAN Erbil KOPARAN Belge Onarm / Document Restoration Trkan YILMAZ Belge ekim / Document Scanning Mesut GVENBA Erhan KANDEMR Veri Hazrlama / Data Processing Nuray ALIKAN

* simler Soyad alfabetik olarak dzenlenmitir. Names are listed in Surname alphabetical order.

SUNU Genelkurmay Askeri Tarih ve Stratejik Ett ve Denetleme Bakanlnca yrtlen Ariv Belgeleriyle Ermeni Faaliyetleri 19141918 adl belge yayn almasnn ikinci cildi de hazrlanmtr. Tarihin sayfalar okunur, ancak tarih, ayn zamanda konuur. Tarih, belgelerle konuur. Dorudan, eksiksiz ve nesnel bir biimde konuur. Bu konumada, herey olmas gerektii gibi deil, olduu gibi ortaya konur. Bu durumda fazla sze yer olmasa gerek. Gnkur. ATASE ve Dent. Bakanl arivinde bulunan belgelerin yaynnda gzetilen ama da tarihin konumasn salamaktr. Bylece, insanlar bilgilenmeyi ve deerlendirmeyi aracsz gerekletirmi olacaklardr. Ermeni faaliyetlerine ilikin bu yayn da yukarda belirttiimiz ekilde nesnel olarak deerlendirilmelidir. Kitapta yer alan belgeler, zerinde ok znel deerlendirmelerin yapld olaylar; yer, zaman ve kiileriyle nesnel olarak ortaya koymaktadr. Bu ayn zamanda tarihin gerekleri dile getirmesidir. Bu yolla, insanlk d hareketlerin kimler tarafndan neden ve nasl yapld da anlalm olacaktr. Belgelerin dorudan ve hibir yorum yaplmadan yaynlanmas, bilgiyi nesnel olarak sunma amacna yneliktir. Belgelerin bilimsel aratrmaclar tarafndan karlatrmal olarak deerlendirilmesi ise tarihe sadk kalmann bir lt olacaktr.

Erdoan KARAKU Hava Korgeneral ATASE ve Dent.Bakan

PRESENTATION The second volume of the studies pertaining to Armenian Activities in the Archive Documents 1914 - 1918 conducted by the Turkish General Staff Directorate of Military History and Strategic Studies and Directorate of Inspection (TGS ATASE ve Dent.) has been prepared. The pages of history are read; however, in the mean time history speaks. History speaks through documents faultlessly and objectively. The discourse is not constructed as it has to be but it is put forward as it is leaving no grounds for further discussions. The pursued aim of the studying of the documents found in the archives of the TGS Directorate of ATASE ve Dent. is to enable history to voice its discourse; and hence, to prompt the researchers to be informed and thus to realize the assessment without any intermediary agent. This publication pertaining to the Armenian activities should be evaluated objectively as hereby stated. The documents presented in the book reveals the incidents, upon which numerous subjective evaluations made, objectively by giving definite place, time, and personages. This is historys bringing the reality to daylight. In this way, how and why the instigators and the performers practiced these inhumane activities will be perceived clearly. The publication of the documents as they are, without any interpretation, aims at presenting the information objectively. Comparative use of the documents by the academia will be the criterion of faithfulness to history.

Erdoan KARAKU Air Lt. General Chief of ATASE ve Dent.

NDEKLER / CONTENTS

Sunu / Presentation indekiler / Contents ...... III Belgelerdeki Nesnel Gerekler / Objective Truth in the Documents ............. V

Birinci Blm / Part One .. 1 Belgelerin Gnmz Trkesi ve ngilizce Tercmeleri Turkish and English Translations of the Documents

kinci Blm / Part Two .... 295 Belgelerin Tpkbasmlar ve evrim Yazlar Facsimiles of the Documents and Transcriptions

III

BELGELERDEK NESNEL GEREKLER Ariv Belgeleriyle Ermeni Faaliyetleri 1914 1918 isimli belge yaynn ikinci cildinde arlkl olarak, Ermeni rgtlerinin uyguladklar mezalime ilikin belgeler yer almaktadr. Btn Anadolu corafyasnda sregelen isyan ve mezalimlerle masum insanlar katledilmi, terr doruk noktalara ulamtr. Osmanl topraklar ierisinde kargaa ortam yaratlrken, d kaynakl balantlar ve yardmlar da arka planda almaya devam etmitir. Maddi yardmlarn yan sra siyasal destek faaliyetleri de youn propagandalarla srdrlr. Konuya ilikin belgelerde bu faaliyetlerin nasl yrtld grlmektedir. Trk devlet geleneinin ok ayrcalkl ynn gsteren belgeler ise ordunun eitli birimlerinde grevlendirilen Ermeni vatandalarla ilgilidir. Fransada deniz bilimleri renimi grdn ifade eden Osmanl vatanda Hanzadyan ile Bahriye Nazr Cemal Paann imzalad i szlemesi ve sonraki gelimeler ilgi ekicidir. Osmanl Ermeni erlerinden olup, dil bilmeleri sebebiyle tercman olarak grevlendirilenlerin isimleriyle, grev yerlerini gsteren listenin tarihi 24 Temmuz 1917dir. Onlarca Ermeni vatanda asker, ordunun eitli birimlerinde grevlendirilmilerdir. Bu durum, Devletin vatandalarna bak asn gstermesi bakmndan ok nemlidir. nsanlk suu oluturan cinayetlerin tanklarnn anlattklar ise ok dndrcdr. Aslnda, insan eliyle ilenen dehetin boyutlarn ve snrlarn gstermesi bakmndan ibret verici sahnelerle dolu olan bu belgelerin ayrca deerlendirilmesi gerekir. Eserde, belgeler tarihlerine gre sralanmlardr. Olaylarn geliiminin ok ynl izlenmesi ynnden bu yntem kullanlmtr. Belgelere ilikin dizin ise 4 nc ciltte yer alacaktr. Bylece belgelerin ieriinin birarada grlmesi salanm olacaktr.

Ahmet TETK Dr..Alb. Ariv ube Mdr

OBJECTIVE TRUTHS IN THE DOCUMENTS The second volume of the Armenian Activities in the Archive Documents 1914 1918 concentrate on the atrocities practiced by the Armenian committees. During the rebellions and atrocities in the Anatolia plains innocent people were massacred, and the terror reached its peak. While an atmosphere of chaos was being instigated in the Ottoman land, foreign assistance and support were working hand in hand the background. Political support activities were carried out intensively along with the strong financial aid. In the documents related to the issue, the implementation of the activities is clearly seen. The documents revealing one of the most specific traditions of the Turkish State relates to the Armenian citizens who were appointed to various departments of the army. The contract signed between Cemal Pasha, Minister of Navy, and Hanzadian, an Ottoman citizen who claimed that he had a degree in Naval Sciences from France, and its consequences are very striking. The list showing the names of the Ottoman Armenian soldiers that were appointed as translators is dated July 24, 1917. Tens of Armenian citizens were appointed to the various posts in the army. This is extremely an important issue in revealing the States approach to her citizens. On the other hand, the testimonies of the witnesses of the crimes against humanity are very thought provoking. As a matter of fact the documents revealing the degree of the crimes committed by men, which are full of admonition, requires further evaluation. The documents in the series are presented in a chronological order. This method has been adopted to enable the readers to trace the development of the events with a broader perspective. The index of the documents will take place in the fourth volume of the series. Thus, the contents of the documents shall be seen as a whole.

Ahmet TETK Dr. Ins. Col. Director of Archives

VII

BRNC BLM PART ONE

Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanl Numara 108 3 nc Ordudan: Bakomutanla gelen numarasz ifredir. Cevap. 20 Mart 1916 tarihli stihbarat ubesi ... ve Ermeniler tarafndan Erzurumda yaplan mezalim hakknda 10 Mart 1916 tarihinde bilgi arz edilmiti. Dman igaline maruz kalan kylerden kaan halka, dmann ve zellikle Ermeni askerlerinin pek canice ve vahice davrandklarn, gen ocuk ve kzlar kaldrarak bilinmeyen bir tarafa gtrdklerini, mal ve canlarn yamaladklarn, zaman zaman katlettiklerini, rza tecavzn akla, hayale gelmeyecek derecede bulunduunu sylemekte ve eitli kaynaklardan alnan bilgiler de bunu dorulamaktadr. 21 Mart 1916 3 nc Ordu Komutan Vehip

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Ottoman Army Office of the Commander-in-Chief Number 108 Unnumbered code sent from the 3rd Army to the Office of Commander-inChief Rejoinder. dated March 20, 1916 Information Bureau We have previously presented an intelligence report about the atrocities committed by the Armenians [and] in Erzurum on March 10, 1916. The people who ran away from the villages that were subjected to the atrocities committed by the enemy have been claiming that the enemy soldiers and especially the Armenian soldiers have been behaving murderously and brutally, and that they have raptured all the youth, children, and the girls to an unknown place, that they have pillaged the houses and the stocks, that they occasionally 3

have committed massacres, and that they were committing rapes beyond any thought; all these information have been proven to be true by other sources. March 21, 1916 3rd Army Commander Vehip

Bk. s. / See pp. 297-298

Erzurumun Alvar kynde, Ermeni saldrsna urayan anne ve ocuklar. A mother and her children who were subjected to Armenian assaults in Alvar village, Erzurum.

Osmanl Hkmeti ileri Bakanl Emniyet Genel Mdrl Genel :44316 zel :23 ube :2 Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanl Gizli 2 nci ubeden yazlan 23 Ocak 1916 tarihli ve 9835 numaral tezkereye cevaptr. Amerikada oturan Ermeniler tarafndan, Osmanl topraklarnda bulunan Ermenilerin ihtiyac iin gnderilen paralarn ne yolla geldiinin ve kimlerin araclyla Ermenilere datldnn aratrlarak bildirilmesi, gerekli illere ve bu illere bal olmayan sancaklara tebli edilmiti. Bu konuda cevaben gelen yazlarn zetlerini ieren cetvel, Ek olarak yksek makamlarna gnderilmitir. Bundan sonra Ermenilere, ancak hkmet memurlar aracl ile ve yerel yneticilerin gzetimi altnda para datlmas ve bunun dnda datma izin verilmemesi gerektii, illere genelge ile tebli edilmitir. Bu konu hakkndaki emir ve kesin karar Bakomutanlk makamna aittir. 25 Mart 1916 ileri Bakan Talt

---------Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanl 28 Ocak 1917 ileri Bakanlna Cevap

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Yalnz dman devletler uyruklarna ve mlkiye memurlar aracl ile para datlacaktr. Ermenilere gizliden para datlmasna izin veren veya bundan hemen haberi olan memurlarn iddetle cezalandrlmalarn ve sonucun bildirilmesini rica ederim.

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Adana li: Amerikadan gelen paralarn, Hain1 Amerikan Okulu Mdiresi Misvon Vantelli, Kumpanya Hekimi Ermeni Protestan Filib, Adanada Amerikan uyruklu Hekim Hasi tarafndan Ermenilere datlmakta olduu anlalmtr. Halep li: Amerikadan gelen parann, Halep Ermenilere datld anlalmtr. Elaz li: Elazda Alman Messeseleri Mdr Msy Ahman tarafndan Amerikan Konsolosu ve Amerikan Misyoneri Mister Riger araclyla Ermenilerin muhta ve fakirlerine para datld ve bu parann Amerikadan geldiinin yerel haberlerden anlald. Diyarbakr li: Ermenilerin ihtiyac iin Amerikadan para gnderilmedii anlalmtr. Trabzon li: Trabzon Amerikan Okulu Mdr Mister Klarkorde araclyla Ermenilere Amerikadan para geldii ilgili yerden bildirilmitir. Konya li: Posta ve banka araclyla gelen paralarn, Hekim Dad tarafndan Ermenilere verilmekte olduu vilayetin verdii bilgiden anlalmtr. Bursa li: Bursa Amerikan Okulu retmenlerinden Madam Alen adna Amerikadan gelen paralarn, sz konusu bayan tarafndan Ermenilere datld yerinden bildirilmitir. Ankara li: Merzifon Amerikan Kolejinden gelen zel memur tarafndan Ermenilere para verilmekte olduu anlalmtr. Eskiehir: Eskiehir Amerikan Kz Okulu retmeni Kagosyan ve Katolik Delege Vekili Agop tarafndan Ermenilere para verilmekte olduu anlalmtr. Afyonkarahisar: Ermenilere verilmek iin Amerikadan para gelmedii bildirilmitir. Amerikan Konsolosu tarafndan

Adana, Saimbeyli.

Kayseri: Amerikan din yayclar tarafndan hapishanedeki Ermenilere para verildii yerinden bildirilmitir. Zor1: Amerikadan Ermenilere datlmak zere henz ne bir kimsenin ve ne de parann geldii anlald. Mara: Mister Vedli ve Laymin adlarna, stanbuldan Amerikal Pit tarafndan gnderilen paralarn, sz konusu kiiler tarafndan Ermenilere datld anlalmtr. Samsun: Amerikadan para gelerek datlp datlmad anlalamamtr. Nide: Amerikadan, Nide sancana datlmad anlalmtr. zmit: zmit sancandaki Ermenilere para datld anlalamam ise de Amerikadaki Ermenilerin stanbulda Pit tarafndan gnderildii ve buna Beyolunda Singer irketi ubesinde alan Gregor Kasbaryann yol gsterdii ilgili yerden bildirilmitir. Ktahya: Ktahyada Bakkal Agopyana stanbul Tahtakalede Cedidhanda bulunan kardei Ermenak Yagopyan tarafndan para gnderildii ve baka Ermenilere para datldna dair bilgi olmad anlalmtr. para gelmedii ve Ermenilere de

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Suriye, Zor.

Ottoman Government Ministry of Internal Affairs General Directorate of National Police Organization General: 44316 Private: 23 Division: 2 Ottoman Army Headquarters In reply to the message numbered 9835, dated 23 January 1916, written by the 2nd Division. A notification has been sent to the cities and to the sanjacks that are not affiliated to those cities under consideration as regards to the means of sending the money, sent by the Armenians residing in the United States to be spent for the Armenians living in the Ottoman territories, as well as the people who are in charge of distributing the money to the Armenians. The answers pertaining the issue have been summarized in a list, which is here by attached for higher officials attention. A circular has been issued and sent to the cities under consideration as regards to the distribution of the money to the Armenians which hereafter should be carried out only by the government officials and under the supervision of the local authorities, and that no other means of distribution should be allowed. The orders and the final decision on the issue reside in the power of the General Headquarters. 25 March 1916 Minister of Internal Affairs Talt ---------Ottoman Army Headquarters 28 January 1917 To the Ministry of Internal Affairs Reply The local administrative officials will deliver the money only to the nationals of the Enemy States. Please send in the results of the heavy penalties given to the officials who allow the secret distribution of money among the Armenians or the names of those who have been informed about the malpractices on time. -------------8 -----------------------

Adana Province: It is understood that the director of the Hain American School directress Ms. Von Vantelli is distributing the money coming from the United States, together with the company doctor, an Armenian Protestant Philip, along with an American subject Doctor Honey in Adana. Halep Province: It is understood that the American Council in Halep is distributing the money coming from the United States to the Armenians. Elaz Province: The director of the German corporations Monsieur Ahman with the help of the American Consul, and an American missionary, Mr. Rigger, has been distributing money to the needy and poor Armenians, it has been locally claimed that the money was coming from the United States. Diyarbakr Province: It has been understood that no money has been sent from the United States for the Armenians need. Trabzon Province: It has been locally declared that some money was sent by the United States for the Armenians through the mediation of Mr. Claircorde, the principal of the Trabzon American School. Konya Province: It has been understood from the declarations of the city officials that Doctor Dad is distributing the money received through mail and bank accounts to Armenians. Bursa Province: It has been locally declared that the money sent from the United States to Madam Allen, one of the teachers of the Bursa American School, is being distributed to the Armenians by her. Ankara Province: It has been understood that a special official from the Merzifon American School is giving money to Armenians. Eskiehir: It has been understood that money is being distributed to Armenians by Kagossian, one of the teachers of Eskiehir American School for Girls, and by Agop, a deputy Catholic delegate.

Afyonkarahisar: It has been understood that no money has been sent from the United States to be given to the Armenians. Kayseri: It has locally been declared that the American missionaries are distributing money among the Armenians in prison. Zawr: It has been understood that neither money nor any person was sent to the Armenians from the United States. Mara: The money sent by Pit, an American in stanbul, to Mr. Vedley and Laymen, is being distributed among the Armenians by the same persons. Samsun: It could not have been determined whether any money was sent from the United Sates and distributed. Nide: It has been understood that no money was sent to the Nide sanjack from the United States to be distributed among the Armenians. zmit: Although it could not have been determined whether any money has been distributed among the Armenians in the zmit sanjack, it has been locally declared that the Armenians in the United States have sent money to Pit, in stanbul, who was guided by Gregor Kasbarijan, an Armenian who is working at the Singer Corporation in Beyolu, stanbul. Ktahya: It has been understood that grocer Agopyan, in Ktahya, has received some money from his brother Armenak Jagopyan who is working at the Cedidhan, Tahtakale, stanbul; and, other than this, no account of distribution of money is recorded.

Bk. s. / See pp. 299-305

10

1 nci Ordu Komutanl 1 nci ube 2 nci Ksm Numara: 393

Niantanda Ordu Kararghndan 11 Nisan 1916

Bakomutanla 1. Silhl 4 kiiden oluan bir Ermeni etesinin 7 Nisanda Tosyann aykap1 kynden 4 Mslman kadn daa kaldrdklar, takip ve cezalandrlmalar iin idarece tedbirlerin alnd 5 nci Kolordu Asker Alma Heyeti Bakanlndan bildirilmitir. 2. Civar jandarma birliklerinden hzla yararlanlarak ve bir merkezden takip edilerek sz konusu etelerin mutlaka cezalandrlp kklerinin kurutulmas ile sonucun bildirilmesinin sz konusu heyet bakanlna emredildii arz olunur. 1 nci Ordu Komutan

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1st Army Headquarters 1st Division 2nd Section Number: 393

From Army Headquarters at Nianta April 11, 1916

To the General Headquarters 1. The chief of the Recruitment Committee of the 5th Army Corps reports that an Armenian gang of five armed men have abducted 4 Muslim women from aykap village of Tosya and headed towards the mountains on April 7, necessary precautions have been taken by the administrators and pursuit for the gang has been launched for the punishment of the gang members.
1

Kastamonu, Tosya, aykap.

11

2. The chair of the committee has been ordered that the local gendarmerie forces conducted from a single command should take up action at once and punish the gangs mentioned by all means, and that the results of the procedures realized should be reported to the army. 1st Army Commander

Bk. s. / See pp. 307-308

12

Osmanl Hkmeti ileri Bakanl Emniyet Genel Mdrl Bursa Valiliinden alnan 12 Nisan 1916 tarihli ve 154 numaral yaznn suretidir. Gizli 1 Mart 1916 tarihli ve 1473 numaral yazya Ektir. Amerikada kurulmu cemiyetler veya Ermeniler tarafndan toplanp, Osmanl memleketlerinde yardma ihtiyac olan Ermenilere datlmak zere gnderilen para hakknda, imdiye kadar elde edilen bilgi aada arz olunur: Buraya gnderilen para, stanbulda Amerikan Hannda Amerikal Mister William Pitt tarafndan her hafta dzenli olarak Osmanl Bankas aracl ile Bursadaki Amerikan Okullar Mdiresi Alen adna 150 lira gnderildii delilleriyle haber alnm ve bundan nce mdire olan Misis emis zamannda da her hafta 250 lira geldii; bu konuda Ekonomik Maazas Mdr Amerikal Mister Boldwin ile yannda bulunan tezghtar Ermeni Protestan Haykn da hizmet etmekte olduu bu ay iinde Halepte temsilci aracl ile Slzl erab olu Agob Badohana 305 kuru ve ubatta orumda Kalede yaamaya mahkm Kirkor Huncuyana 10 ve yine sz konusu kiiye 5 ve Halep merkezde Rozda kazasnda emator Hanespana 20 ve Vapurcu Kirkora ise 10 lira Misis Alen adna postaneye teslim edilmesiyle anlalmtr. Misis Alen adna yine William Pitt tarafndan, bazen bildikleri ara ve Viz Bank tarafndan ekilmi ekler ile Osmanl Bankasndan alnmak zere para geldii ve Misis Alene gelen paradan, ihtiyac kadar bankadan alp dierleri adna bankada yedek olarak bulundurduu grnm ve sz konusu kiinin Osmanl Bankasnda hesab olup, mevcut parann miktar aratrlarak bulunmutur. stanbulda Amerika Hannda bulunan Mister William Pitte Amerikadan kimden ve hangi irketten para geldii hakknda bilgi almak mmkn olamadndan, bu konuda Mister Pitt ile ilikileri anlalan Viz Banktan stanbulca aratrlmas izninize baldr. Misis Alen, burada her cumartesi gn Muradiyedeki okulda Matmazel Partez aracl ile 10 ve Setbanda Madam Farsi aracl ile 3 il 5 lira datmaktadr. Bu para her ailenin ihtiya derecesine gre, 3 kurutan 10 kurua kadar ve bazen daha fazla verilmekte olduu ve datmda daha fazla parann sahillerden i ksma nakledilen Rum 13

gmenlerine verildii ve Misis Alenin gerekli grdke, stanbulda William Pitte yazaca bir mektupla, istedii kadar para getirtebilecei anlalm ve sonradan hkmet memurlarnn aracl olmadka, bu ekilde datm yaplmamasnn salanmaya alldnn arz ile sayglarm sunarm efendim. -----------------------

Ottoman Government Ministry of Internal Affairs General Directorate of National Police Organization Following is the copy of a document from the Office of the Governor Hdavendigar [Bursa] dated April 12, 1916, numbered 154. Secret Attachment to the document dated March 1, 1916, numbered 1473. Following is the recent information gathered about the money, sent by the Armenians or by the foundations in America, to be distributed among the needy Armenians in the Ottoman lands. It has been understood and verified that Mr. William Pitt, an American at the American Commercial Building, has been sending 150 liras to Ms. Allen, the Directress of the American Schools in Bursa, via Ottoman Bank every week. It has also been found out that the former directress of the school Mrs. Chemisse has been receiving 250 liras every week. These transfers are being undertaken by the director of the Economic shop Mr. Baldwin and by an Armenian Protestant Hayk who works as a shop assistant at the same place. It has been found out that 305 kurush was sent to Ms. Allen by the post to be paid to Sherabs son Agop Badohan from Suluz, along with other payments such as: 10 liras in February to be sent to Kirkor Hunjusian who is sentenced to live at the orum Castle, and another 5 liras to be sent to the same person, 50 liras to be paid to [Chematore] Hanespan who lives in the Rozda district of Haleppo, and 10 liras to be paid to Kirkor the boatman this month. All of these payments were made on behalf of Ms. Allen via delegates. It has been observed that Ms. Allen is receiving money from William Pitt, checks were prepared by Viz Bank to be drawn from the Ottoman Bank, via known means; and upon a careful investigation of the transfers it has 14

been concluded that, Ms. Allen has been sparing some of the money she received in her own account at the Ottoman Bank as reserve. Any information pertaining to the source of the money sent from America could not have been obtained. The relationship between the Viz Bank and Mr. Pitt can only be investigated upon your approval in Istanbul. Ms. Allen distributes 10 liras at the school in Muradiye via Mademoiselle Partse, and three or five liras via Madame Farsi in Setba. The money distributed ranges between 3 to 10 kurus in accordance with peoples need, though sometimes this amount varied. However, it has been found out that the most of the money is being given to the Greeks coming from the coastal regions and settling in the inner regions. It is understood that Ms. Allen is authorized to demand for more money from William Pitt in need. I here by would like to assert that, the distribution of money without the intervention of the government officials shall be interdicted. With my kindest regards.

Bk. s. / See pp. 309-311 15

Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanl 2 nci ube 5 Nisan 1916 Emniyet Genel Mdrlne 1 Mart 1916 tarih 6992 gizli numaral tezkereye cevaptr. 1. Agop Hovagyan hakknda Bkreten aadaki bilgiler geldi. Sz konusu Ohannes Hovagyan, alt ay nce Rusyadan gelerek Bkrete Krinolu sokanda 9 numarada oturan nsaldi ile ok sk grmekte ve ngiliz Eliliine de ok gidip gelmektedir. 9 numaral bir pasaportu olduu gibi, bunda Osmanl Polis Genel Mdrl tarafndan verilmi 2772 numaral ikamet evraknda fndk tccar olduu da yazlmtr. Doum tarihi 1871 ve doum yeri Trabzondur. Bkrete tccarlk yapm, bazen de Amerikan ve ngiliz gazetelerini gnll olarak datmtr. Hovagyan, 30 - 32 yalarnda orta boylu, siyah sal, byklar ngilizlerin biiminde esmer renkli ve kara gzldr. ngilizceyi mkemmel konuur. Bkreten ok sk seyahate gider gelir. Geen ubat ortalarnda Kstenceye1 gitmi ve geri dnmtr. Birka sene nce Londraya seyahat etmi ve ark hallar zerine i grmtr. Londradan Msra gitmi, orada Ermeni Komite Bakan Bogos Nubar Paa ile irtibata gemi ve ondan sonra btn Avrupay dolamtr. Kendisi akll bir adamdr. Franszca, ngilizce, Almanca ve Trkeyi ok iyi konuur. Harbin ilnnda Sofyada iken, daha sonra Sofyadan Bkree gitmitir. 2. Bkrete bir fotorafnn birok Ermeninin resimlerini, gerekli aklamalarla vereceinden sz ederek, bunlarn Bkre ataemiz araclyla tedariki mdrlnzce istendiinden, sz konusu ataemizin bu konuda yapt mracaatta bahsedilen fotoraflarn, bir kopyasnn daha o zaman Bkre Almanya Konsolosluu tarafndan satn alnarak, Berline gnderildii ve orada oaltld, bir kopyasnn da stanbula gnderildii kendisine sylenmitir. Bu fotoraflarn stanbula kim tarafndan gnderildiinin soruturulmakta olduu. 3. Bkrete bulunan baz Rus casus ve propagandaclarn isimleri: a) Re gazetesi muhabiri ve Ermeni Rus propagandasn balatan Libaryet Nazaryan, b) Rusya tarafndan Bkree gnderilen Jan Bazaryan, c) Grnrde sanat, fakat gerekte Osmanl Alman aleyhinde bulunan Mevvik ve Tanakstyun Partisine mensup Ermeni ihtilalci Jermak, d) Bkrete mehur pastac Derbederyan,
1

Romanya, Kstence.

17

e) stanbulda yatrmc ve u anda Bkrete oturan Agopyan, f) Rus imparatorluk saray bandocusu, Bkrete oturan vanof, g) Bkre Konsolosluu eski ktibi Aris Lazar, h) Denik Ajansnn adam ve Rus gizli polisi Vantura.

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---------15 Austos 1916

Genel Karargh 2 nci ubeye Agopyan Ohannes, World gazetesinin muhabiri olduunu sylyor. Sylediine gre kendisi stanbulda domu ve Amerikaya g etmitir. Fizik grnm bilinmemektedir. Agopyan 17 Ocak 1916 tarihinde Atinann Amerikan Konsolosluundan alnm Garel Droperis imzasn tayan ve 146 numaral, Bulgaristan ile Romanyaya gitmek zere verilen ay geerlilii olan bir pasaportu tamaktadr. Kendisi Sofyada Bulgaristan Kral ve Meclis Bakanyla grmek zere kalmsa da, Bulgar Hkmeti tarafndan snr d edildiinden Romanyaya gitmitir. Osmanl topraklarna giriine engel olunmas uygundur.

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Ottoman Army Headquarters 2nd Division April 5, 1916 To the General Directorate of National Police Organization In reply to the secret note dated March 1, 1916, numbered 6992. 1. Following information has been received about Agop Hovaghijan Previously mentioned Ohannes Hovaghijan, has come from Russia six months ago and started visiting Insaldi frequently, who lives in the Krinolu Street number 9, in Bucharest, and he pays frequent visits the British Embassy. Though he has a number 9 passport, it bears the stamp of the Ottoman General Director of National Police Organization on the residential permit, numbered 2772, declaring that he is a hazelnut dealer. He was born in 1871, in Trabzon. He dealt with trade in Bucharest, and sometimes 18

distributed the American and English newspapers voluntarily. Hovaghijan is a man of 30-32 years of age, middle built, dark haired, with a mustache same as that of the English, dark-skinned, and black-eyed man. He is fluent in English. He frequently travels outside Bucharest. In the middle of last February, he went to Constanta and came back. He went to London a couple of years ago and dealt with the carpet trade. From London, he has gone to Egypt and got in touch with the Boghos Nubar Pasha, and later toured the whole Europe. He is personally a clever man. He is fluent in French, English, German and Turkish. Although he was in Sofia when the war was declared, he has gone to Bucharest from Sofia 2. Our directorate has demanded the obtaining of the photographs of the Armenians, which a photographer in Bucharest promised to give with necessary explanations, by our Attach in Bucharest. Upon the application of our attach, it has been claimed that those photographs had been sent to Berlin for reproduction via German Consulate, and that the copies were sent to Istanbul upon receipt. A research has been launched for the determination of the person who had sent those photographs to Istanbul. 3. Names of some of the Russian spies and propagandists in Bucharest: a) Libaryet Nazarijan, reporter of the Rech Newspaper and the initiator of the Armenian-Russian propaganda, b) Jan Bazarijan, who was sent by Russia to Bucharest, c) Germak, seemingly an artist, is fact a provocateur against the Ottomans and Germans, and an Armenian rebel affiliated to Daschnakzoutioun Committee, d) Derbederijan, a famous the maker of pastry in Bucharest, e) Agopijan, a well-to-do investor in stanbul, now lives in Bucharest, f) vanof, a member of the Russian Emperors Band in the palace, now lives in Bucharest g) Aris Lassard, the former secretary of the Bucharest Consulate h) Vantura, he is a Russian secret police and the man of the Deshnik Agency. ----------------------August 15, 1916 To General Headquarters 2
nd

Division

Agopijan Ojannes declares that he is the reporter of the World Newspaper. According to his testimony he was born in stanbul and had 19

immigrated to America. There is no information pertaining to his appearance. He is carrying a passport, numbered 146, issued by the American Consulate in Athens on January 17, 1916, valid only for a term of three months, bearing the signature of Garel Droperis, to travel to Bulgaria and Romania. Although Agopijan Ojannes has stayed in Sofia to talk to Bulgarian King and with the president of the assembly he was deported by the Bulgarian Government and went to Romania. Banning of Agopijans entrance to the Ottoman lands is appropriate.

Bk. s. / See pp. 313-317 20

Bkre Bykelilii Asker Ataelii Say 815 Bkre 24 Haziran 1916 stanbulda Genel Karargh stihbarat ubesi Mdrlne 9 numara bildiriyor. Sanat ve besteci olan Hekim Cerman, Ruslara casusluk yapmakla sulanarak Sofyadan uzaklatrldndan 14 Aralk 1915 tarihinde Bkree gelmitir. Bkrete Trayan sokanda 195 numarada oturmaktadr. Bu da (Hekim Cerman) Rusya Bykelilii adna casusluk etmekte ve daima cebinde Rusya Eliliinden ald rubleler bulunmaktadr. Bkrete Ermenilerden meydana gelen Rus casus komitesi ktibidir. Her zaman Rus Konsolosluu ve Asker Ataesi ile grmektedir. Hemen her gn Ermeni Tanak Cemiyeti yeleri sz konusu kiinin evinde toplanarak, Ermeni menfaatleri dorultusunda kararlar vermektedirler. Aris Lazar Bkrete Hurey sokanda 23 numarada oturmaktadr. Her zaman tilf Devletlerine, Osmanl Devleti hakknda bildiklerini haber vermektedir. Son zamanlarda Rus casuslaryla sk temasta bulunuyor. Son olarak kz kardeini stanbuldan getiren enitesi, Fransaya gnll sfatyla gitmitir. Ermeni htill Komitesinin her toplantsnda hazr bulunmaktadr. Fransa Bykelilii casuslaryla iyi ilikidedir. Osmanl Konsolosunun pasaport vermediinden sz ederek, pasaport karmak iin Osmanl halkndan para almakta ve nfus ktlarnn isimlerini deitirmekte ve bu suretle Osmanl pasaportlaryla ticaret yapmaktadr. Ermeni Tanak Cemiyetine haber verebilmek zere Bkre Osmanl Konsolosluuna ara sra gelmektedir. Agop Kkyan, Ermeni Tanak Cemiyeti ktibidir. Ayn zamanda Ermenilerin oluturduu Rus casus cemiyetinin kuryesidir. Her zaman, Bulgaristandaki merkez hkmetleri ve mttefikleri hakknda gelen bilgileri almak zere Pazarcka gitmektedir. Hekim Cerman ile Rus ve Fransz casuslaryla gayet iyi ilikidedir. Tanak Cemiyetinin en alkan yelerinden biridir. Tanak htill Cemiyetinin icra komitesinin 6 yesinden biridir. Rusyaya giden Ermeni gnlllerinin pasaportlarn da sz konusu ahs dzenlemektedir. Btn Rus ehirleri temsilcilerinin katld Petersburg Ermeni Kongresine dair yaknda bilgi vereceim. 21

Hekim Cerman ve Aris Lazar hakknda bende mevcut bilgi ile yukarda anlatlan bilgiler birbirine uymaktadr. Aris Lazarn Ruslara hizmet ettii Bkre Osmanl Konsolosluunca bilinmektedir. Agop Kkyan hakknda bende bilgi yok idi. Bkre Asker Ataesi Albay

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Embassy of Bucharest Office of the Military Attach Number 815 Bucharest June 24, 1916 General Headquarters Directorate of Intelligence at Istanbul, Number 9 is informing. Doctor Germain is both an artist and a composer. He has come to Bucharest on December 14, 1915 for he has been driven away from Sofia as he was charged for spying for the Russians. He lives at number 195 on Trayan Street in Bucharest. This person (Doctor Germain) is spying for the Russian Embassy; he always carries rubles he received from the Russian Embassy. He is the secretary of the Russian spy committee composed of the Armenians. He always meets with the officers at the Russian Consulate and with the Russian Military Attach. Almost everyday the members of the Armenian Daschnak Committee hold meetings at the mentioned persons house, and take decisions in line with the Armenian interests. Aris Lassard lives on Hurey Street at number 23, in Bucharest. He always informs the Entnte Powers about the Ottoman State. He has recently developed close relations with the Russian spies. Lastly, his sisters husband, who had brought her here from Istanbul, has left for France as a volunteer. He appears at every meeting of the Armenian Revolutionary Committee. He has also good ties with the French spies. Saying that the Ottoman Consulate does not issue passports, he takes money from the Ottoman citizens, and changes the names on the identity booklets to make trade using Ottoman Passports. He occasionally visits the Ottoman 22

Consulate in Bucharest in order to be able to inform the Armenian Daschnak Committee. Agop Kujukijan is the secretary of the Armenian Daschnak Committee. He is also the messenger of the Russian Spy Committee composed of the Armenians. He frequently travels to Pazarck in order to gather the information about the Bulgarian central government and about its allies. He has good relations with the Russian and French spies along with Doctor Germain. He is one of the active members of the Daschnak Committee. He is also one of the six members of the Daschnak Revolutionary Committees administrative board. He also prepares passports for the Armenian volunteers heading for Russia. I will soon give information about the Armenian Conference, realized with the participation of the Russian delegates, held in Petersburg. The information I have gathered about Doctor Germain and Aris Lassard and the information written above are in accordance with each other. Ottoman Consulate in Bucharest is well aware of Aris Lassards service to the Russians. I did not have any information about Agop Kujukijan. Bucharest Military Attach Colonel

Bk. s. / See pp. 319-321

23

Osmanl Hkmeti Dileri Bakanl dar ler Genel Mdrl Konsolosluk leri ve Karma Hukuk Mdrl Konsolosluk leri ubesi Say 85160-1179 Bakomutanla zet : Aris Lazar hakknda. Gizlidir 26 Haziran ve 1 Temmuz 1916 tarihli ve 4764 ve 27301 / 3000 numaral yaznza cevaptr. Bkre Konsolosluunun kuruluundan beri Aris Lazar adnda bir kimsenin konsolos sfatyla sz konusu grevde bulunmad, konsolosluun zgemi kaytlarnn incelenmesinden anlalmtr. Yalnz Aris Lazar isminde bir ahsn 14 Eyll 1910 tarihinde sz konusu Konsolosluk ktipliine tayin edilerek 19 Mart 1915 tarihinde de suiistimallerinden dolay grevinden alnd sz konusu kaytlardan renilmitir. Konsolosluk emrinde alan ktiplerin grevden alnmalar ve tayinleri, konsoloslarn yetkileri dahilinde bulunduundan, sz konusu ahsn durum ve kimlii buraca kaydedilmemitir. Yazd eser hakknda da Bakanlmza imdiye kadar herhangi bir malumat gelmemitir. Aris Lazara dair gerekli soruturmalarn yaplarak, kimlii hakknda bilgi verilmesi ve yazd eserden bir nshasnn gnderilmesi hususu Bkre Eliliine bildirilmitir. Alnacak cevap bildirilecektir. 30 Temmuz 1916 Dileri Bakan Halil

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25

Bkre Bykelilii Asker Ataelii Say 1138 Bkre 31 Temmuz 1916 stanbulda Genel Karargh stihbarat ubesi Mdrlne Numara 9 dan: Nazaryann (Asl Libaryet Nazaryandr. ekerci Kapann karsnda Grand Otelinde 2 numarada oturmaktadr.) kendisi Rusyaldr. Ermeni Tanak htilal Komitesinin en sz geen ve nemli yelerindendir. Avrupa harbinin balangcnda, merkez Tanak brosu tarafndan Trkiyeye ve Orta Avrupa devletlerine kar casusluk tekilt kurmak zere Sofyaya gnderilmiti. Ayn zamanda Tanak Merkez Komitesi tarafndan Balkan Yarmadas Komiteleri 1 nci Bakan sfatn tamaktayd. Sofyaya gelince Sofya Tanak Yrtme Komitesini bir toplantya davet etti ve u kararlar da aldrd: a) Ermeni karlarn savunmak iin Ermenice bir gazete yaynlamak ve Trkiyeye kar propaganda yapmak. b) Trkiyeye ve Orta Avrupa devletlerine kar casusluk tekilt kurmak. Sz konusu Ermeni gazetesi ynetiminin sermayesi iin para, Sofyal Msy Ggas Minasyan tarafndan gazeteye de Hayasdan ismi verildi. Osmanl ordusuyla, Karadeniz kysndaki siperlere dair haber getiren zel kuryeleri vard. Bu bilgileri srasyla Rus ve Fransz Eliliine veriyordu. Bulgaristanda, harbin balamasyla kendini gvencede grmeyerek Romanyaya iltica etti. Burada da idare ettii bir casusluk tekilatn kurdu. Her zaman Fransz ve Rus Elilikleriyle temas halindedir. Burada Tanak Yrtme Komitesinin 1 nci bakandr. Tarafsz devletlere mensup kiiler araclyla Trkiyeden haber almaya alyor. Bugnlerde Fransz Eliliiyle sk temastadr. Pek gvenilir bir kaynaktan aldm habere gre; Ermeni ihtillci ba Antranikin komutasnda ve Kafkas cephesinde savaan Ermeni gnlllerinin birou izinle Tiflise geldiler. Ermeni gnllleri arasnda ok sayda l ve yaral vardr. yi beslenmemiler ve pek basit bir ekilde donatlmlardr. Buradaki Ermeni komitelerinin Kafkasyadan aldklar mektuplarda, mmkn mertebe her trl fedakrl yaparak, ticar ortaklk

26

kurulmasn ve birikmi paralarnn Emiyazin1 Ermeni Katogigosluuna ulatrlmasn rica etmilerdir. Bkreten devaml Ermeni gnllleri gidiyor. nceki gn (Rapor tarihi 29 Temmuz 1916dr) dokuz Ermeni gnlls gitmitir. Bkre Asker Ataesi Albay ---------Ottoman Government Ministry of Foreign Affairs General Directorate of Administrative Affairs Directorate of Consulate Affairs and Joint Jurisprudence Department of Consulate Affairs Number 85160-1179 To: Office of the Commander-in-Chief Summary : About Aris Lassard. Secret In reply to your note dated June 26, and July 1, 1916, numbered 4764 and 27301 / 3000. Through a close inspection of the consulates biographical registries, it has been understood that no person in the name of Aris Lassard has been appointed as a consul ever since the establishment of the Bucharest Consulate. However, the same registries also revealed that a person named Aris Lassard had been appointed as a clerk at the aforementioned Consulate on September 14, 1910, and that he had been dismissed from the post for his malversation on March 19, 1915. As the appointments and the dismissals of the clerks working at the consulates resides in the power of the consuls his position and identity have not been registered here. Our ministry has not yet received any information about the work he has written. The execution of necessary investigations about Aris Lassard and sending of a
1

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Ermenistan, Emiyazin.

27

copy of the work he had written has been requested from the Bucharest Embassy. Reply to be received will be forwarded. July 30, 1916 Minister of Foreign Affairs Halil

---------Bucharest Embassy Office of the Military Attach Number 1138

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Bucharest July 31, 1916 To: General Headquarters Directorate of Intelligence in stanbul. From Number 9: Nazarijan (originally Libariet Nazarijan, and lives in number 11, at the Grand Hotel, across confectioner Kashpa) himself is a Russian. He is one of the most influential and important members of the Armenian Daschnak Revolutionary Committee. He was sent to Sofia to set up a reconnaissance organization to work against Turkey and central European nations by the Daschnak committee at the beginning of the war in Europe. At the same time, he was given the title of the First President of the Balkan Peninsula Committees by the Tashnak Executive Committee. Upon his arrival to Sofia he called the Tashnak Executive Committee to a meeting and took the following resolutions as well: a) To publish a newspaper in Armenian in order to defend the interests of the Armenians and to lead propagandas against Turkey, b) To set up reconnaissance organizations to work against Turkey and the central European nations. A Sofian, Monsieur Guegas Minasijan, gave the money for the administration of the aforementioned Armenian newspaper and the name given to the newspaper was Haijasdan. They had special couriers bringing new about the Ottoman Army and the trenches on the Blavk Sea coast. They were giving this information to the Russian and French Embassies respectively. 28

Seeing that he was in danger in Bulgaria, as the war begun, he took refuge in Romania. He set up a reconnaissance organization, which he himself run, here as well. He is always in touch with the French and Russian Embassies. He is the first president of the Daschnak Executive Committee. He is trying to collect information about Turkey via the citizens of the neutral states. He is n close contact with the French Embassy nowadays. According to the information I received from a highly reliable source; most of the Armenian volunteers fighting on the Caucasus front under the leadership of rebel leader Antranik have come to Tbilisi with permission. There are lots of dead and wounded people among the Armenian volunteers. They have not been well nourished, and they are poorly equipped. In the letters received from the Caucasus, the Armenian committees here were requested to set up commercial partnerships, by displaying extreme devotion, and to send the money they have invested to the Achmijatzen Armenian Catheghikos. Armenian volunteers are continuously leaving Bucharest. 9 Armenian volunteers have left the day before yesterday (report is dated July 29, 1916). Bucharest Attach Colonel

Bk. s. / See pp. 323-327

29

Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanl 2 nci ube 20 Mart 1916 stanbul Alman Asker Temsilcisine 12 Ocak 1917 [11-12 Ocak 1916 (olmaldr)] tarih ve 253 numaral deerlendirmelerinizin bulunduu Sofyadaki casusluk mevkisinin istihbarat haberine cevaptr. Aslen zmirli ve Osmanl tebaasndan olup, Fransada denizcilik renimi gren ve 1914 yl Nisan aynda Cemal Paa tarafndan deniz kuvvetlerine alndktan sonra 1 Eyll 1915 tarihinde deniz kuvvetlerinden atlan ve elindeki belgesiyle Bulgaristana gitmi olan Hanzadyann 15 yl nce kardei Dikran, dier ad Diran ile Parise giderek, orada Diran marangozluk, kendisi de denizcilik bilimleri renimi grmtr. Seferberlikten nce Manisaya babalarnn yanna gelerek 3-4 gn kaldktan sonra Dirann Parise gittii, Hanzadyann da Osmanl donanmasna katlmak maksadyla stanbula geldii, ayrca halen Antepde askerlik hizmetini yapmakta olan Menyas isminde bir kardelerinin daha olduu ve haklarnda bir bilgi olmad anlalmtr.

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Bahriye Nezaretine 24 Haziran 1915 Bahriye Nezaretinde, mfetti sfatyla hizmette bulunduu, Manisadan kendisine gnderilmi olan mektuptan anlalan Yzba Zadk Hanzadyann kimlii ve vazifesi hakknda gerekli ayrntl bilginin bildirilmesi rica olunur.

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31

Bahriye Nezareti 2 nci Daire ube Genel: 35820 zel: 289 Bakomutanla zet Zadk Hanzadyan hakknda Gizli Bakomutanlk 2 nci ubeden yazlm 25 Haziran 1915 tarih ve 2584 numaral tezkereye cevaptr. ki sene sreyle, aylk 30 Osmanl Liras maa ve yzba rtbesiyle szlemeli olarak 25 Nisan 1914 tarihli padiah kararnamesiyle donanmaya alnm ve hl ilenmemi eya anbar memur muavinlii ve anbarlar mfettilii grevinde bulunan Zadk Hanzadyan Efendi ile yaplan szlemenin bir adet onayl sureti arz ve takdim edilmitir. 27 Haziran 1915 Bahriye Nazr Vekili adna 2 nci Daire Bakan

---------Bahriye Nezareti 2 nci Daire 3 nc ube

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Bir taraftan Bahriye Nazr Cemal Paa ile dier taraftan Fransada Deniz Bilimleri Okulunu bitirmi olan zmirli ve Osmanl tebaasndan Zadk Hanzadyan Efendi arasnda aadaki artlar kararlatrlmtr. Madde 1. Hanzadyan Efendi, iki yl sre ile Bahriye Nezaretinde almay kabul eder. Madde 2. Birinci yzba rtbesinde olacaktr. Madde 3. Aylk pul ve senet gibi bilinen masraflardan baka indirim yaplmamak artyla 30 lira maa alacaktr. Madde 4. Deniz subaylarnn sahip olduklar btn haklardan faydalanaca gibi denizcilik kanunlarna da tabi olacaktr Madde 5. Bahriye Dairesinin gerekli grd her ubede hizmet etmei kabul eder.

32

Madde 6. stanbuldan dar sevk edilirse birinci snf gemi kirasndan baka gnlk yarm lira alacaktr. Madde 7. Hizmet esnasnda ve vazifesi banda iken vefat ederse kanun varislerine bir buuk senelik maana karlk para verilecektir. Fakat bir kaza neticesinde hizmet edemeyecek derecede sakat kalrsa, kendisine bir senelik maana karlk para verilecektir. Madde 8. Maa ie balad gnden itibaren balayacaktr. Madde 9. Fransadaki ilerini bitirmesi iin kendisine gidi ve dn yol paras olarak bir defaya mahsus olmak zere 50 Osmanl Liras verilecektir. Madde 10. Senede bir ay izin hakk olacaksa da bu mddeti geirirse gnl kesilecektir. Eer ie hastalk ve dier geerli sebeplerden dolay gelemezse gnl kesilmeyecektir. Madde 11. zninden fazla olarak, kanuna uygun fakat sebepsiz, bir aylk ayrlmadan sonra bu szleme feshedilecektir. Madde 12. Bu szleme devam ettii mddete gerek bar zamannda, gerekse sava zamannda hizmet edecektir. Madde 13. Szlemeyi yapan her iki taraf da bu szlemeyi yenilemeyi isterlerse, szlemenin bitiminden iki ay evvel birbirlerine haber vermeye mecburdurlar. Madde 14. Ne bu szleme devam ettii mddete ve ne de sonrasnda, gerek gazetelerde, gerekse ilgisiz kimselere Donanma hakknda bilgi vermeyeceine, namusu zerine yemin eder, aksi taktirde byle bir davranta bulunduu ortaya karsa bu szleme feshedilecektir. Madde 15. Sava veya tatbikat zaman yahut bir vazife ile bir yere gnderildii zaman rtbesine uygun bir yer tahsis edilecektir. Bu szleme iki nsha olarak stanbulda hazrlanmtr. 30 Nisan 1914 Bahriye Nazr Ahmet Cemal Asl gibidir. / 27 Haziran 1915

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4 Temmuz 1915 Bahriye Nezaretine 27 Haziran 1915 tarih ve 35820/289 numaral tezkereye cevaptr. ki senelik anlama ile Bahriyede mfetti olarak grevlendirilen Zadk Hanzadyan Efendiye verilen grevlerin olaanst nem tamas ve u srada Ermenilerin Osmanl Hkmetine kar fiilen gsterdikleri kin ve dmanlk da sabit olduundan, sz konusu kiinin grevlendirilmesinde bu noktaya dikkat edilerek gzetim altnda bulundurulmas rica olunur.

---------Osmanl Hkmeti ileri Bakanl Emniyet Genel Mdrl Genel: zel: 1660

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Genel Karargh stihbarat 2 nci ube Mdrlne zet: Zadk Hanzadyan hakknda 27 Haziran 1916 tarih ve 27762 numaral tezkerenin cevabdr. Zadk Hanzadyann yarglanmasna dair gnderilen gazete tercmeleri arz edilmitir. 27 Temmuz 1916 Emniyet Genel Mdr ---------Bulgar basnndan tercme edilmitir. -------------30 Haziran 1916

Sofyada yaynlanan Utro gazetesinin 28 Haziran 1916 tarihli nshasndan : Rus casusu Hanzadyann yarglanmas : Varnann1 Ruslar tarafndan bombardman edildii srada tilf Devletlerine casusluk etmekle sulanan Ermeni Hanzadyann yarglanmasna dn sabahtan itibaren Rusuk2 Asker Mahkemesinde balanmtr. Hanzadyan, deniz kylarnn savunmasyla ilgili olarak filo komutanlndan hibir zaman bilgi istememi olduunu ifade etmitir.
1 2

Bulgaristan, Varna. Bulgaristan, Ruscuk.

34

Hanzadyann eitli dnemlerde 3 pasaporta sahip olduu mahkemede akla kavumutur. Hanzadyan, denizcilik renimi yaptna dair bir diploma gsterememitir. Sulanan Hanzadyan, Fransz hayran olduunu sylemi ve bunun iin tilf Devletlerine kar harp ortaya knca ordumuzda grev yapamayacan bildirmitir. Donanma bulunmutur. komutan olan ahit Albay aadaki aklamada

Hanzadyan, General Y. ile bana Trkiyenin mahvna anakkalenin dmesine Almanlarn sebep olduunu ve Bulgarlarn Almanlara tbi olarak tilf Devletlerine kar hareket ettikleri takdirde, topraklarmza Fransz askerlerinin karlacan syledi. Hanzadyan, bu aklamalarda bulunduunu inkr etmedi. Komutan Albay, Hanzadyann subay olmamakla beraber pheli ve iki yzl bir adam olduunu sonu olarak ifade etti. ahitlerden Albay Kapol Masarob gizlice, Mhendis Lazarof da aleni olarak sorgulanmtr. Lazarof, Hanzadyann cidd olmadn ve denizcilii bilmediini syledi. Bilirkiilerden Todorof, sana ait evraka atlan imzalardan birinin sahte olduunu aklad. Dier bilirkiilerden Temen, 7 yl srecek renimin 3 ylda bitirilmesinin mmkn olmadn, matematik bilgisi olmayan Hanzadyann 3 ylda deniz mhendisi olmasnn mmkn olmadn syledi. Mencaylof ve Kara vanofun okunan ifadelerinden, sann dzenli bir renimi olmad, hatta okuduu bilimlerin retim yelerini tanmad ortaya kmtr. Sank, Romanya Asker Ataesi ile grmediini, akn ve rkek bir halde titreyerek Fransz Bykeliliine bilgi aktarmakta olduunu beyan etmitir. ahitler, sann yalanlarn ortaya koydular. Sann, Fransa ve Romanya Bykelileri ile iliki iinde bulunduu ortaya kmtr. ---------Bulgar basnndan tercme edilmitir. -------------1 Temmuz 1916

Sofyada yaynlanan Utro gazetesinin 29 Haziran 1916 tarihli nshasndan : Rusuk Asker Mahkemesinde yarglanan Zadk Hanzadyan, Fransann giriimi ile Trkiyede byk bir grevde bulunmutur. Hanzadyan, grevi sadece Trkiyede casusluk etmek zere kabul etmitir. Bu amala Trkiyede grevli olduu da, Fransann Sofya Asker Ataesine verdii bilgilerden anlalmaktadr. Hanzadyan, Bulgar Asker Ataesi olmak zere Bulgaristann stanbul Elisine mracaat etmitir. Sonradan Varnada yerleerek, casusluk yapmak amacyla Bulgaristann savunmasyla ilgili hususlar ile ana hatlar zerinde hareket eden katarlarn seyir ve hareketlerine dair bilgi toplamaya 35

balamtr. Hanzadyan, Varnada bulunduu srada Fransaya bilgi vermeye devam etmitir. Hanzadyann avukat, mvekkilinin stanbulda bir ay ticaret yaptn, ufak tefek eylerle megul olduunu, bu arada Trkiyenin savunmasyla ilgili haber toplama arzusunda bulunduunu beyan ederek, beraatna karar verilmesini istemitir. Rusuk Asker Mahkemesi, casusluktan dolay Hanzadyann beraatna ve 300 Frank ele geirdii iin de ay zindan hapsine mahkum edilmesine karar verilmitir.

---------Casusluun nlenmesi Dairesi Numara: A 2303

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Sofya, 5 Ocak 1917

Beyolunda Alman Asker Temsilcisine Trk tebaasndan ve eski Fransz ve Trk Deniz Subay Ermeni Zadk Hanzadyan, Rusukdaki asker mahkeme tarafndan casusluk suuyla yarglanp delillerin yoksunluundan beraatna karar verildikten sonra, Lofada Bulgar memurlar tarafndan hapsedilmitir. Hanzadyan, Manisada (zmirde) 1886 ylnda domu ve kendisini Deniz Kdemli Yzbas, Deniz lme Mhendisi olarak tantmaktadr. zerinde bulunan ve ksmen arptlm ve ksmen uydurma olduu anlalan evraka ve soruturma srasnda yapt aklamalara gre Hanzadyan Suveti Mesrop zmirdeki renim sresini bitirdikten sonra 1906 1916 yllarnda Paris ve Brestde1 bulunmu ve orada mekanik, seyr-i sefain gibi derslere devam etmitir. 1911 ylnda ksa bir sre lkede bulunmu, Fransz Deniz Kuvvetleri hakknda konumalar yaptktan sonra, Parise dnm ve orada Fransz Deniz Kuvvetlerinin deniz lm hizmetinde alm ve Fransz Hkmeti tarafndan incelemelerde bulunmak zere Lbnana gnderilmitir. Dndkten sonra Anadoludaki Ermeni illeri hakknda konumalar yapmtr. 1914te Bkre yoluyla stanbula dnm ve 20 Nisan 1914te Deniz lm ve Torpil leri Mdr olarak Trk Deniz Kuvvetlerine girmitir. 1915 ylnda, denenmek zere Bulgar Deniz Kuvvetlerine tayin edildi, fakat ksa bir sre sonra azledildi. Hanzadyann sk sk deien bir mesaisi vardr. Fransann Delfas, Prens Bonapart, General Damad, Amiral Dolmuta ve Amiral Marvel gibi
1

Fransa, Brest.

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byk siyasetileri ile olan ilikileri ve haberlemeleri, Fransz olmak konusundaki faaliyeti Trk deniz subaylar toplantlarnda Fransz taraftarln oluturmak konusundaki abalar, Trk Devleti tarafndan aleyhine kovuturma yaplmasn gerektirmi, fakat dostlarnn -Albay Hakk Bey adnda bir ahsn- nfuzu sayesinde sonusuz kalmtr. Buradaki Fransz ve Romen Asker Ataeleri ve Fransz Elisi ile olan ahs ve yazl ilikileri, nereden ve nasl edindii hakknda yeterli derecede bilgi vermedii ykl miktardaki para dolaysyla, Bulgar grevliler de Hanzadyann Fransa lehinde casusluk yaptndan phelenerek, onu tutuklattrm ve vatana ihaneti dolaysyla aleyhinde kann kovuturma yaptrmlardr. Ancak daha nce de sylendii gibi beraatna karar verilmitir. Yukardaki dnyoruz. bilgilerin Trk grevlilerine yardmc olacan

Hanzadyan hakknda orada ne gibi bir fikir mevcut olduu ve ifadelerinin geree uygun olup olmad hakknda gnderilecek ksa bir bilgi iin teekkr edeceimi arz ederim. adna stemen Beyolu 12 Ocak 1917 stanbul Almanya Bykelilii Asker Delegesi Numara:253 Geri gnderilmesi ricasyla Genel Karargh 2 nci ube Bilgi edinilmesi iin arz edilir ve son cmle hakknda grlerin bildirilmesi rica olunur. adna Svari Yzbas -----------------------

37

Ottoman Army Headquarters 2nd Division To: German Military Representative, stanbul March 20, 1916

In reply to your evaluations, included in the intelligence report of the Sophia reconnaissance point, dated January 12, 1917 [(sic), January 11-12, 1916)]. Hanzadijan, who is originally from zmir and an Ottoman subject, had received training in navigation in France. He was taken to the naval forces by Cemal Pasha in the April of 1914, and was dismissed from the navy on July 2, 1915. He later went to Bulgaria with the papers he had. Fifteen years ago he went to Paris with his brother Dikran, otherwise known as Diran. Diran received his training in carpentry, and he himself received education naval sciences. It has been reported that they have visited their father, in Manisa, on the eve of the mobilization; having stayed there for 3-4 days Diran went to Paris and Hanzadijan came to stanbul with the aim of joining the Ottoman Navy. Moreover, it was understood that they have another brother, Menijas, in Antep, performing his military service; and that there no information about them other than those stated.

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June 24, 1915 To Ministry of Navy We hereby kindly request minute information about the identity and the responsibilities of Lieutenant Zadik Hanzadijan, who is said to be serving as an inspector at the Ministry of Navy, as understood from a letter sent to him from Manisa. -----------------------

38

Ministry of Navy 2nd Department Division General: 35820 Private: 2889 To: Headquarters About Zadik Hanzadijan In reply to the note written by the 2nd Division of the Chief-of-Staff dated June 25, 1915, and numbered 2584. Zadik Hanzadijan Effendi was commissioned as a captain in the navy with a monthly salary of 30 Ottoman Liras, for two years by a royal decree dated April 25, 1914. He is currently working as an assistant officer and as an inspector at the raw materials depot. Attached is the authorized copy of the contract. For your further considerations. June 27, 1915 On behalf of the Deputy Minister of Navy Chief of 2nd Department

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Ministry of Navy 2nd Department 3rd Division The following stipulations have been agreed and ratified between the Minister of Navy Cemal Pasha, and Zadik Hanzadian Effendi, an Ottoman citizen from Izmir, who has completed his education at the French Naval Sciences School. Article 1. Hanzadian Effendi consents to work at the Ministry of Navy for two years. Article 2. He will have the rank of First Captain. Article 3. He will receive 30 liras of salary, and no other deductions will be made other than revenue and security stamps. Article 4. He will benefit from all the rights of the naval officers, and will be subjected to the marine law. Article 5. He hereby consents to work at every division he is appointed by the Naval Office. 39

Article 6. Should he appointed to any other place other than Istanbul, he will not only receive the First Class Cabin rent but also half a lira daily. Article 7. Should he die while performing his duty, his legal inheritors will be given the sum equivalent to his one-and-a-half years of salary. However, should he become physically disabled, and will not be able to perform his duty, as a result of an accident he will receive the sum equivalent to a years salary. Article 8. He will have the right to receive his salary as of the day he begins work. Article 9. He will be given 50 Ottoman Liras, only for once, for his travel expenses to and from France, where he will complete his personal affairs. Article 10. Although he will have the right of a months leave yearly, in the cases of breach of leave his daily allowance will be deduced from his monthly salary. However, should the breach result from an illness or from any force majeures his salary shall not be deduced. Article 11. Should he not return to his post for a month, other than his yearly leave, may it be in accordance with the law, but without any reason, this agreement shall be annulled. Article 12. He shall serve in times of peace and war alike, so long as this agreement remains in power. Article 13. Should both sides want to renew this contract, the sides shall inform each other two months in advance of the end of this contract. Article 14. He hereby takes an oath on his honor and declares that; he shall never give any information, in relation to Navy, to the newspapers nor to any other third person as long as this contract remains in power or even after the invalidating of this contract. If such a case is proved this contract shall be annulled. Article 15. He shall be appointed to a post in accordance with the rank he bears, in times of war, or military drills, or even when he is sent on a mission. This contract has been prepared as two copies in Istanbul. April 30, 1914 Minister of Navy Cemal

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July 4, 1915 To Ministry of Navy In reply to note dated June 27, 1915, numbered 35820/289 We kindly request the supervision of Zadik Hanzadijan Effendi, who is appointed as an inspector in the Navy with a two-year contract. As his contractual obligations are vitally important, and as the de facto hostility of the Armenians towards the Ottoman Government has been verified by numerous events, it has become necessary to bear these in mind before assigning him.

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Ottoman Government Ministry Internal Affairs General Directorate of National Police Organization General: Private: Special 1660 To: General Headquarters Directorate of Intelligence 2nd Division Summary: About Zadik Hanzadijan In reply to the note dated June 27, 1916, numbered 27762. Attached are the translations of the newspapers sent in relation to the trial of Zadik Hanzadijan. July 27, 1916 General Director of National Police Organization ---------Translated from the Bulgarian media -------------June 30, 1916

From the Utro newspaper dated June 28, 1916, published in Sofia: Trial of the Russian spy Hanzadijan: The trial of Hanzadijan, Armenian, who is charged with spying for the Entente Powers while Varna was being bombed by the Russians, has started yesterday morning at the Ruse Military Court. Hanzadijan testified that he has never asked for information on the defense of the coastline from the fleet command. It has been clarified at the court that Hanzadijan had three passports on various dates. Hanzadijan could not document a diploma in proof of his training in navigation. 41

Accused Hanzadijan said that he notified us declaring that being a French sympathizer he would not serve in our army when the war broke out against the Entente Powers. -----------------------

Commander of the fleet, the Captain being an eyewitness, declared the following: Hanzadijan, together with General Y., has told me that the Germans were responsible for the collapse of anakkale and the defeat of Turkey; and that if the Bulgarians would side with the Germans and started fighting against the Entente Powers, the French troops would land on our soil. Hanzadijan did not deny that he has made these explanations. Consequently, Captain K. said that; although Hanzadijan is an officer, he is a suspicious and a hypocrite person. Of the other eyewitnesses Captain Kapol Masarob has been interrogated secretly, and the engineer Lazarov has been interrogated publicly. Lazarov has claimed that Hanzadijan was not serious and he did not know navigation. One of the consultative authorities, Todorov, declared that one of the signatures on the documents of the suspect was forged. One of the other consultative authorities, ensign, asserted that it was impossible to complete an education of 7 years in a three years time; and that Hanzadijan, who did not have knowledge on mathematics, could not have become a naval engineer in 3 years. By the reading of the testimonies of Mengialov and Kara Ivanov it was understood that the suspect had not received a proper education and did not know the professors of the branch he was educated. The suspect has declared, in a bewildered and a timid way that he did not talk to the Romanian Military Attach but that he had been giving reports to French Embassy. The witnesses have put forth the lies of the suspect. It has been clarified that the suspect was in contact with the French and Romanian embassies.

---------Translated from the Bulgarian media

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---------July 1, 1916

From the Utro newspaper dated June 29, 1916, published in Sofia: Zadik Hanzadijan who is being tried at the Ruse Military Court, had served at an important position in Turkey with the intervention of the French. Hanzadijan has accepted the task just to perform his task only in Turkey. The reports he has given in line with his mission to the French Military Attach in Sofia stand in proof of his duty in Turkey. 42

Hanzadijan has applied to the Bulgarian Ambassador in stanbul to become a Bulgarian Military Attach. Later, settling in Varna, he started collecting information, and spying on the Bulgarian main defense lines, on the convoys movements and actions. Hanzadijan continued to convey information to France while he was in Varna.

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Hanzadijans lawyer, claiming that his client had indulged in trade in stanbul for a month, that he dealt with small enterprises, and that in the mean time he had the desire to collect information on the Turkeys defense, has demanded the acquittal of his client. Ruse Military Court decided for the acquittal of Hanzadijan from the charge of espionage, and for his imprisonment in a dungeon for three months, as he had stolen 300 Franks.

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Ottoman Army Headquarters 2nd Division July 2, 1916 To: General Directorate of National Police Organization Attached is the copy, to be returned, of the Utro newspaper where the trial of Zadik Hanzadijan took place, dated June 28, 29,1916, published in Sofia.

---------Department of Counter Espionage Number: A 2303

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Sofia, January 5, 1917

To: German Military Representative in Beyolu Turkish citizen, Armenian, Zadik Hanzadijan, the former French and Turkish Naval Officer, after having been tried for the charge of espionage at the Ruse Military Court, has been acquitted due to lack of evidence, was taken to prison in Love, by the Bulgarian officials.

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Hanzadijan was born in Manisa (zmir) in 1886, and introduces himself as a Naval Senior Officer, and Naval Survey Engineer. Under the light of the documents, which are found out to be partly distorted and partly fabricated, and his testimony during the trials, Hanzadijan, a Suveti Mesrop having completed his education in zmir went to Brest, Paris, and attended mechanical, naval traffic courses between 1906-1916. He has been in the country for short term in 1911, and having given conferences on the French Navy he returned to Paris where he worked at the Naval Survey Department of the French Navy; and was later sent to Lebanon for inspections by the French Government. After his return he lectured on the Armenian cities in Anatolia. He returned stanbul via Bucharest in 1914, and was appointed as the Director of Naval Survey and Torpedo Affairs in the Turkish Navy, on April 20, 1914. He was appointed to Bulgarian Navy for a period of trial in 1915, but was dismissed soon. Hanzadijan has an extremely varying working hours. His relations and connections with the great French politicians like Delface, Prince Bonaparte, General Damad, Admiral Dolamuta, and Admiral Marvel; his activities on becoming a French, and his efforts in trying to create French sympathizers in the meetings of the Turkish Navy officers, at last necessitated the initiating of a legal investigation; however, due to his friends influences someone called Colonel Hakk Bey they did not reach a conclusion. Due to his personal relations and correspondences with the French, Romanian Military Attachs, as well as with the French Ambassador here; and the great amount of money he had, of which he has never supplied adequate information on his having it, the Bulgarian officials had Hanzadijan arrested for his suspected espionage on behalf of France, and charged him legally with treason; however, he was acquitted of the charge as previously mentioned. We believe that the aforementioned information will be of utmost help for the Turkish officials. I would be grateful for the transmitting of brief information pertaining to Hanzadijan and their appropriateness to reality. On behalf 1 Lt Beyolu, January 12, 1917 stanbul German Embassy Military Representative Number: 253

Please return the document General Headquarters 2nd Division 44

We kindly present this document for your further considerations, and request the sharing of the ideas pertaining to last sentence. On behalf Cavalry Captain ---------Ottoman Army Headquarters 2nd Division -------------January 23, 1917 To: General Directorate of National Police Organization Directorate of Police Attached is the copy of the report sent by the Department of Prevention of Espionage in Sofia to the Office of the Military Representative in German Embassy, stanbul. I hereby request the sending of the information pertaining to the origins of Zadik Hanzadijan, of his family, and whether they have any relations with us. Copy of the report is to be attached -----------------------

Ottoman Government Ministry of Internal Affairs General Directorate of National Police Organization Summary: About Hanzadijan, who was previously employed by the Ministry of Navy. General Headquarters, Directorate of Intelligence Division In reply to the note dated February 4, 1917, numbered 35907: Under the light of the correspondences made with the General Directorate of Police and Ministry of Navy about Hanzadijan who was brought from France by Minister of Navy Cemal Pasha and employed at the Ministry of Navy it was concluded that he was from zmir and of Ottoman origin. He received naval sciences education in France, and was appointed to the Navy as an honorary 1st Class Lieutenant with a 30 Ottoman Liras salary by a two-year contract signed on April 30, 1914; and was dismissed totally from the navy on July 17, 1915. As he was invited to draw maps on the Bulgarian seaports, he asked for a document, and the shipyards gave him another document, on September 1, 1915, stating that he might do whatever the service he wants as he dismissed. As a result of the investigations of the General Directorate of Police, Hanzadijan was permitted to return to Bulgaria upon a document 45

given by the Department of Intelligence on September 5, 1915. Aforementioned is the all information that the General Directorate of National Police Organization has on Hanzadijan. As he is originally from zmir, a further investigation should be carried out in Aydn, the results will be forwarded as they come. February 10, 1917 General Director of National Police Organization -----------------------

stanbul General Directorate of Police Division of Politics To: General Headquarters Directorate of Intelligence Secret In reply to the note dated February 4, 1917, numbered 35907. Zadik Hanzadijan who has been employed as the quartermaster depot official with a rank of Lieutenant at the raw material depots of the Ministry of Navy, is originally from zmir, and went to France years ago. He had graduated from the Naval School, in Paris, as a naval engineer some 8, 9 years ago, and was employed at the shipyards of Marseilles and other places. His employment in the Ministry of Navy as a superintendent of the torpedoes purchased during the visits of the Ministry of Navy, Cemal Pasha, to France seemed appropriate; hence, he was brought to stanbul in 1914 and was employed in the Navy until the June of 1915 when it was dismissed upon the orders of the General Headquarters, and he was allowed to leave the country. During his stay in stanbul he stayed at a house across a streetcar station in ili, and frequently visited the French Union Club. He gained popularity by giving talks to the Armenians and on the application of the reforms in the places where he frequented. In Paris, he joined Boghos Nubars party, and was elected a member of the committee to be sent to slahiye, Anatolia. Colonel Hakk Bey, who is said to be his protector in the report, is in fact Uzun Hakk Bey who served as aide-de-camp to Hseyin Rami Pasha. Attached is Hanzadijans photograph, in his French Naval Officer uniform, taken upon his arrival to stanbul from Marseilles, that was published in the Servet-i Fnun and quoted by the Jamanak newspaper. It is understood that there are no family members in stanbul. February 15, 1917 General Director of Police -----------------------

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Ottoman Army Ministry of Internal Affairs General Directorate of National Police Organization 5th Division General: 4 Summary: In relation to the reply of the Office of Aydn Governor about Hanzadijan General Headquarters Directorate of Intelligence Secret. In reply to the note dated February 4, 1917, numbered 35907. Hanzadijan, is an Ottoman subject from zmir. He has received an education on naval sciences in France, and was employed by Cemal Pasha in the Navy in the April of 1914, and upon termination of his contract on September 1, 1915, he went to Bulgaria. He is the son of 70 years-old Agop Veledi Asador Hanzadijan, living in the Older Armenian Bulcek district, who was formerly indulged in teaching, and quit for old age problems, and is now dealing with cloth weaving together with his wife and spinster daughter. 15 years ago he went to Paris with his brother Dikran. Dikran was educated in carpentry, and he himself was educated in naval sciences. On the eve of the mobilization they have come to Manisa to visit their father for 3-4 days, and later Dikran went to Paris; and Hanzadijan went to stanbul to join Ottoman Navy. They have another male relative -other than their father, mother and sister- a forty-years-old Drunken Menijas who used to earn his living as a tailor in Karyaka, zmir, and who is now completing his military service in Antep, his parents are still living in zmir. The Office of the Governor of Aydn informs that Hanzadijan is now living in Deneven, Bulgaria, relying on a letter he has written to his father on the occasion of celebrating the New Year. Attached is the aforementioned letter. March 5, 1917 General Director of National Police Organization

Bk. s. / See pp. 329-349

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1 nci Ordu Komutanl 1 nci ube 2 nci Ksm Numara: 2588

Niantanda Ordu Kararghndan 11 Eyll 1916

Bakomutanla zet: 5 nci Kolordu Asker Alma Heyeti blgesinde yakalanan Ermeni firarileri hakknda. Yozgata bal Sorgun nahiyesinin Dili ky civarnda, takip mfrezeleriyle asker firarileri arasnda meydana gelen atmada, deitirilmi mavzerlerle silhl bir er, Akdamadeni1 blgesinde de Ermeni firarilerinden 5 erkek ile bir kadn l olarak ve bir kadn da canl olarak yakalanmtr. Bu ayn on drdnc gn, Akdamadeninin Kesri2 ve Demirci kylerinden 4 kiinin kylerine giderlerken Ermeni firarileri tarafndan katledildikleri ve bunlarn takibine iddetle devam edilmekte olunduu 5 nci Kolordu Asker Alma Heyet Bakanlnca bildirilmesi zerine arz olunur. 1 nci Ordu Komutan ---------1st Army Command 1st Division 2nd Department Number: 2588 --------------

From Army Headquarters at Nianta September 11, 1916

To: Office of the Commander-in-Chief Summary: About the Armenian deserters caught in the responsibility area of the 5th Army Corps Recruitment Committee. In the clashes that took place between the tracker teams and the deserters in the vicinity of Dili Village of the Sorgun district of Yozgat a soldier with a modified Mauser rifle, and in Akdamadeni region 5 Armenian deserters and a woman have been captured dead, and a woman alive. The Directorate of the 5th Army Corps Recruitment Committee informs that on the fourteenth day of this month 4 people from the Kesri and Demirci villages of

1 2

Yozgat, Akdamadeni. Yozgat, ayralan, Kaletepe

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Akdamadeni have been massacred by the Armenian deserters; and that the tracking of the murderers is still continuing with all its urgency. 1st Army Commander

Bk. s. / See pp. 351-352

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Trkler Hakknda Dalkavukluk Son zamanlarda Amerikallar birdenbire Trklere kar dikkat ekici bir ekilde nezaket gstermee balamlardr. Amerikann stanbul Elisi lks, kendi vatandalarnn menfaatlerinden ok, Trk dostlarnn iyiliini istediklerini, kendi heyet, okul ve dier kurumlaryla, yardm etmekten baka bir arzularnn olmadn birtakm ssl kelimelerle anlatmtr. ngiltere veya Amerikadan byle insaniyet ve sevgi dolu szlerle ssl kelimeler geldike herhalde bu durumdan phe edilir. Fikren birbiriyle uyuan bu iki devlet, madd olarak ok byk menfaatlerini, grenlerin anlayamayaca bir manev rt ile nasl kapatmak gerektiini ok iyi bilirler. Amerikallarn okul ve hastaneleriyle, Trkiyeye baz iyilikler yaptklar inkr edilemezse de, acaba bu Amerikan heyetinin faaliyetleri faydadan daha ok zarar vermemi midir? nce unu aka syleyelim: Amerikan din yayclar mezheplerinin itikatlar gereince ngilizlerle benzer olduklarndan, daima ngiliz menfaatine de almaktadrlar. Fakat bunlar kendi menfaatleri iin kusursuz bir ekilde alan, bir ruhan memur, bir retmen ya da bir hekimin arkasnda, servetini bo yere harcamayan ve kendi dinlerini tasdik etmekle birlikte, altn seslerini bekleyen maliyecilerdir. zellikle, Amerikan din yayclarnn Trkiyedeki faaliyetleri, pek az kimse tarafndan anlalabilmi birtakm siyas maksatlar da gtmektedir. Amerikan Heyetinin semi olduu yer Ermenistandr. Geri Amerikann stanbulda da iyi ve retici messeseleri bulunmaktaysa da bunlar, temeli Ermenistanda bulunan bir binann atsn tekil etmektedir. Ne kadar tuhaf grlrse grlsn, senelerden beri devam eden Ermeni karklklar orada bulunan Amerikan papaz ve retmenlerinin tesirleriyle alkaldr. Ancak bununla karkl dorudan doruya Amerikallarn karttrm olduunu demek istediimiz anlalmasn. Geri bu da olmutur. te daima ayaklanma halinde bulunan Ermenilerin ou Amerikan uyruundan olduklarndan, her zaman Amerikan din yayclar ve stanbuldaki Amerikan Elilii tarafndan himaye olunurlard. Meselenin zeti de yledir: Amerikan okullarnda akl almaz bir surette Amerikan serbestisi ile zihinleri doldurulmu olan Ermeni genleri, Trk Devleti aleyhindeki gizli tekiltlara katlmaktadrlar. Devlete takip edilen bu genler, Amerikaya firar edip Amerika Birleik Devletlerinin himayesine snarak Amerikan memurlarnn da yardmyla, kanunca belirlenmi olan zamandan daha nce Amerikaya tbi olmulardr. Amerikan pasaportuna sahip olduklar halde, tekrar Ermenistana dnerek, memleketlerinin himayesine snp aka Trk Devleti aleyhinde kargaalklar karmaya almaktadrlar. Hkmet nihayet sabr tkenip de, bunlara kar hain elini uzatt zaman, ngiliz Amerikan tekeli altnda btn gelimi lkelerde, Trklerin Hristiyan Ermenilere kar yaptklar mezalimden dolay bir feryattr balard. ou defa Amerikan sava gemileri, Trklerin Amerikan uyruklulara uygun grdkleri bu hcumdan dolay zr dilemelerini istemek iin Anadolu 51

kylarnda grnrlerdi ve Trklere buna karlk srekli tazminat deme sz verdirirlerdi. Zaten Trkler de byle paralara borlu kalmaa almlard. Ermeni meselesi Amerikan basnnda ve siyasetinde daim bir rol oynadndan, artk Amerikan din yayclarnn, Ermeni ileriyle uramalarnn nlenmesi ile buna bir son verilmesi hakknda tekrar Kongrede taleplerde bulunulmusa da tabi olarak nem verilmemitir. Fakat bu sonu gelmez Ermeni meselesi Amerikan vatandalk ynergesinin deitirilmesine sebep olmutur. Bunun zerine Amerikan uyruklularn kendi vatanlarna dndkten iki sene sonra vatandalk haklarn kaybedecekleri hakknda bir karar alnmtr. Bylelikle de bu bozgunculardan kurtulmak mit edilmitir. Tabi bu meselede ngiltere daima gizliden gizliye, Ermenilere kar yaplan bir olay karsnda onlara taraftar olarak meydana kmtr. Ksacas bunu tevik eden kuvvet, daima geride gizli olarak kalmtr. Onun maksad, Ermeni karklklarnn yaralarn Trkiye cesedi zerinde ak bulundurarak bu vesile ile Trkiyeyi zayf drmekti. Bu meselede, Fransa ve Rusyann pek hevesli yardmlarn grmtr. Amerikan din yayclar bu maksada ulamak iin iyi bir vasta tekil edip, bunlardan hibirisi birlik iinde, salam ve kuvvetli bir Trkiyeyi arzu etmediinden, bu Amerikan din yayclarnn ileri srlmesiyle btn dnyaya kar Hristiyanln, dinsizlere ve Trklere kar korunmakta olduunu gstererek gz boyuyorlard. Bu arada doal ayrcalklar kovalamak hususuyla, tazminat talebi iddialar iyi bir vesile tekil ediyordu. Amerikann imdiki nezaketi de nemli bir ayrcalk elde etmek iindir. imdi, Trkiyenin paraya ihtiyac olduu ve savatan sonra paraszlktan kurtulamayaca meselesi sz konusu olmaktadr. Amerika, Trklerin dmanlarndan ve mttefiklerinden kum gibi para kazanmtr. Bu kazanlm parayla imdi Trkiyeden byk ayrcalklar alarak demir yollar yapm ve Anadoluda maden ocaklar satn alnmas uygun deil midir? Eli Morgontav kurnaz bir ticaret ehli olarak, bu hususta byk menfaatler temin etmi ve az bir para ile banka ayrcal elde etmitir. Kendisinden sonra yerine gelen lks de ayn ayrcal almaya gayret ediyor. te bu bizim hepimize ve zellikle Badat demir yolu hattnn gelecei iin gzmz amaa yeterli sebep tekil eder. 2 nci ube 31569 Bakana ileri Bakanna Dileri Bakanna birer suret yazlmtr / 8 Ekim 1916

bir sureti Bakana sunulmutur. 15 Ekim 1916 d 3 nc Ksm ---------52 --------------

Courting the Turks Recently, the Americans have suddenly started showing an alarming tactfulness towards the Turks. American Ambassador, lks [Elkeus (?)] in Istanbul in his elaborate speech has asserted that they had no intentions other than helping the Turks with their own delegations, schools and with other institutions, and that they were full with the desire for serving the Turks more than their own citizens for the welfare of their Turkish friends. Hearing such words of compassion and love in an elaborate manner from the Americans and from the English one cannot help feeling anything but suspicion. Those two states, sharing the same ideologies, do really know how to cover up their gigantic economic interests with a spiritual veil so that no observer can even perceive. Although America has been of great help to Turkey with its schools and hospitals, which cannot be denied, we must ask whether the American delegations activities had caused some damage or not. Lets make one point clear. American missionaries, in line with their own beliefs that coincide with that of the English, always serve the interests of the English. But, behind those spiritual officers, teachers, and doctors there are financial experts who work for their own interests and do not invest even a dime for no profit, and who are eager to hear the resounding sound of gold in promoting their religion. On the other hand, the activities of the American missionaries in Turkey have certain political aims that have only been envisaged by very few people. The place the American delegation has chosen is Armenia. Although there are decent and well-established American teaching institutions in Istanbul, they form the rough structure of a building whose foundation is laid in Armenia. No matter how strange it may seem, the Armenian civic turmoil that has been continuing for years is the consequence of the teachings of American priests and teachers. However, this should not lead to a misunderstanding, I do not mean to say that the Americans have solely instigated the turmoil. In fact, this also had happened. As the most of the rebellious Armenians are American subjects, they have always been protected by the American missionaries, and by the American Embassy in Istanbul as well. For short, the Armenian youth that is brought up with an American idea of freedom of education beyond consideration are joining the secret organizations against the Ottoman State. Those young people who have been kept under surveillance by the State, have taken refuge in America, under the protection of the United States of America and with the help of the American officials they have received their right to become American citizens much earlier than what the law urged. In consequence, 53

whenever the government has become satiated with extended her unforgiving hand over them, they would voices in all the civilized countries under American and and claim that the Turks were committing atrocities upon Armenians.

the activities and start raising their English mandates the Christians and

Most of the time the American warships would frequently appear on the Anatolian coasts and would demand an excuse for the American citizens and thus force the Turkish people to promise to pay some amount of indemnification. Nevertheless, the Turks have already been accustomed to pay the required amounts. As the Armenian issue started playing a continuous role in the American media and politics, the attempts to end the missionaries tasks on the Armenians were rejected by the American congress. Furthermore, this unceasing Armenian issue has caused the changing of American citizenship regulations. A law, declaring that the American citizens would lose their rights pertaining to citizenship two years after their turning back to their native countries, was passed. Hence, it was hoped that the citizenship problems would come to an end. However, England has always, in secret, sided with the Armenians, although seeming in opposition, when such decisions were taken. For short, the inciting factor has always remained behind the doors. Her [Englands] genuine aim was to weaken Turkey by simply putting the blame of the atrocities committed by the Armenians on the Turks. She has received considerable amount of fervent help on this issue from France and Russia. American missionaries have also helped them achieving their goal. Neither of those [nations] wanted a unified, well established, and a strong Turkey. By the implementation of the American missionaries, they were trying to show the entire world that, they were in fact defending Christianity against the heathens and the Turks. Meanwhile, pursuing natural prerogatives and claims for indemnities were forming the bases of their argument. Americas present tactfulness is being displayed for the gaining of important prerogatives. It is now evident that Turkey needs money, and that she will not be able to free herself from the pangs of poverty after the war. America has earned great amount of money from the allies and enemies of the Turks. Is it not wise to engage in constructing railways, and buying mines in Turkey with prerogatives and the money America has gained? Ambassador Morgenthau, being a cunning tradesman, has obtained great privileges, and even managed to obtain prerogatives, for little sum of money, to establish a bank. Elkeus (?) who replaced him is trying to obtain the same prerogatives. This is enough an

54

impulse for all of us to keep our eyes on the independence of our nation, and on the future of the Baghdad railroad. 2nd Division 31569

To Ministry of Defense To Ministry of Internal Affairs To Ministry of Foreign Affairs

a copy is sent to each October 8, 1916

A copy is presented to the Minister of Defense October 15, 1916 d 3rd Division

Bk. s. / See pp. 353-358

55

Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanl 3 nc Ordudan Bakomutanla gelen ifredir : Bafra blgesinde, Rum ve Ermenilerin oluturduu bir ete ile takip mfrezemiz arasnda iki gn sren atma sonucunda, haydutlardan yirmi dokuzu l ve yedisi sa olarak ele geirilmek suretiyle, ete tamamen etkisiz hale getirilmitir. eitli cinste 13 tfek, 1 bomba ve 210 fiek elde edilmitir. etenin bomba kullanmasna ramen bir hafif yaralmz vardr. Bafra taraflarnda dolaan ete Reisi Kara Yorgi, 6 arkadayla teslim olmu, dier ete reislerinden bazlarnn da teslim olmalar beklenmektedir. Bafra blgesinin eteden temizlenmesinden sonra, aramba1 taraflarnda da takibatn hzlandrlaca arz olunur. 12 Mart 1917 3 nc Ordu Komutan Tugeneral Vehip ----------------------Ottoman Army Command Headquarters Code sent from the 3rd Army to General Headquarters A gang composed of the Armenians and the Greeks have been destroyed completely by our tracking battalion in a clash that took place two days ago in the Bafra region; 29 of the gang members were killed and seven were captured alive. Thirteen guns of different origin, a bomb, and 210 cartridges have been seized. Despite the gangs using of bombs we only have a slightly wounded personnel. The gang leader Black Yorgi, who used to dwell around Bafra, has surrendered with his six friends; and the surrendering of the leaders of the other gangs is expected. We here by would like to declare that, after the cleansing of the Bafra region, legal procedures will be accelerated in the aramba region. May 12, 1917 Commander of the 3rd Army Brigadier General Vehib

Bk. s. / See pp. 359-360

Samsun, aramba.

57

stanbul Halep Valiliine Gemite Rusyadan Van, Bitlis, Mu civarna gelerek haydutluk yapan ve Merutiyetin ilnndan sonra da Mu Tanakstyun Kulbnde ve Ermeni Okul Mdrlnde 4 5 sene hizmet eden, birka dil bilen, orta boylu, tknazca, kara gzl ve kara kal, yakkl, ran pasaportunu tayan 35 yanda, Urfada nakliye mteahhidi ktipliinde alan Karz, dier ad Yusuf Hrun ismindeki ahsn, seferberliin ilnndan sonra Mu merkezine bal Aka nahiyesi Mdr Sleyman Efendi ile 9 jandarma ve milis erlerini Hns kynde katlederek cesetlerini yakt, takiplerine karlan Jandarma stemeni Ahmet Efendi ile jandarmay ldrp birok eri yaraladnn haber verilmesiyle, sz konusu kiinin getirilerek sorgulamaya alnd Urfa Mutasarrflndan bildiriliyor. Bu olaylar ve sz konusu kiinin durum ve hviyeti hakknda bilgilerinizin aka bildirilmesi. 14 Haziran 1917 Bakan Talat ----------------------Istanbul To the Office of the Governor Aleppo It has been stated from Urfa Governors office that Karz, aged 35, otherwise known as Yusuf Hrun, a black-eyed handsome man of middle built with black eye-brows, a polyglot, carrying an Iranian passport, who came from Russia has joined the gangs around Van, Bitlis, and Mu; after the declaration of the constitutional monarchy has served at the Mu Tashnaksutyun Club, and at the Directorate of the Armenian School in Mu for four or five years, and recently is working as a clerk for one of the shipping contractors in Urfa, is being accused for murdering and burning the corpses of Suleiman Effendi, Director of the Aka District of Mu, of the nine militias in the Hns village, and of the murdering of Gendarme First Lieutenant Ahmet Effendi along with his three gendarmes and wounding many soldiers in pursuit of him, has been arrested for further interrogation. Further information on the events, position and the identity of this person is needed. June 14, 1917 Minister Talat

Bk. s. / See pp. 361-362

59

1 nci Ordu Komutanl 1 nci ube 2 nci Ksm Numara 1029

Niantanda Ordu Kararghndan 10 Temmuz 1917

Harbiye Nezaretine zet: attaki eteler hakknda. 26 Haziran 1917 tarih ve 911 numaral yazya Ektir: Boazlyana1 bal olup 55 km dousunda ve Akdamadeninin 25 km gneyinde bulunan at2 civarndaki ormanlk ve kayalklarda gizlenen ve geimlerini evre kylerden salayan 60 kadar silhl Ermeni ve Rum firar eteleriyle, Boazlyann 45 km dousunda bulunan Ikl ve Sezir arasndaki Tenos mfrezeleri arasnda meydana gelen atmada, mfrezelerden bir yaralya karlk, eteden kiinin ldrld ve etelere ait 800 fiein alnd; Kzlcaovaya3 bir saat uzaklkta bulunan Afaralan, dier ad erialan4 kyne sz konusu eteler hcum etmilerse de, atta oturan mltecilerin atmada eteleri geri ekilmee mecbur ettikleri; fakat o civardaki yolculara sz konusu etelerin her zaman saldrarak para ve eyalarn gasp ettikleri; bu etelerin silhl olarak dolamalarndan dolay Kayseri Takip Taburu Komutanlnn yapm olduu mracaat zerine, yeterli miktarda cephane ile 30 piyade askeri gnderilerek, takibatn hzlandrlmas gerektiinin Kayseri Takip Taburu Komutanlna yazld, 5 nci Kolordu Asker Alma Heyeti Bakanlnn verdii bilgilere gre arz edilir. 1 nci Ordu Komutanl

----------

-----

----------

1 2

Yozgat, Boazlyan. Sivas, Gemerek, atky. 3 Yozgat, Akdamadeni, Kzlcaova. 4 Yozgat, Akdamadeni, erialan

61

1st Army Command 1st Division 2nd Branch Number 1029

From Nianta Army Headquarters July 10, 1917 Ministry of Defense

Summary: About the gangs in at In attachment to the message dated June 26, 1917 and numbered 911: The Armenian and Greek deserter gang of sixty men who took shelter in the castle, in the forest and over the rocks near at which is affiliated to Boazlyan and located at 55 km. east of Boazlyan and 25 km. in the south of Akdamadeni has been obtaining their provisions from the neighboring villages. After the clashes that took place at distance of 40 km. east of Boazlyan between the mentioned gang and the Tenos Detachment, which was responsible from the area between Ikl and Seriz, three of the gang members were killed, one our soldiers is wounded, and some 800 cartridges belonging to the gangs have been seized. Although the mentioned gangs attacked the Afaralan village, formerly known as erialan, that is at an hours distance to Kzlcaova, the immigrants living in at have forced them to withdraw after a decisive clash. On the other hand, it has been told that these gangs were continuously attacking on the wayfarers, seizing their money and belongings by sheer force. Upon Kayseri Tracking Battalion Commands request thirty infantry soldiers with sufficient amount of ammunition have been sent to intercept these gangs carrying weapons in the region. The 5th Army Corps Draft Office Directorate declares that the Kayseri Tracking Battalion Command has been informed for the acceleration of the legal procedures. 1st Army Command

Bk. s. / See pp. 363-364

62

Osmanl Hkmeti ileri Bakanl Emniyet Genel Mdrl zel Kalem 2 nci ube Genel: 1382 zel: 91 Gizlidir Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanlna zmit Amele Taburundaki Ermenilerin ekya etelerine yataklklar devam ettiinden, bunlarn baka bir yere nakledilmesine dair 21 Mays 1917 tarih ve 1273 numaral tezkereye Ektir. Ermeni etesinin dolatklar alan olan orman iinden, kylerine giderlerken kaybolan ve arattrlmakta olduklar daha nce bildirilen, Serindere1 kynden Hac Billn kz Hatice ve Aksn2 kynden Sleymann kz Glfedar isimlerindeki iki kadnla, Servetiye3 kynden 13 yandaki Ahmet olu Caferin cesetlerinin yar rm bir halde Efraziye ve efkiye kylerinin alt tarafndaki dere iinde bulunduu ve yaplan keif neticesinde bunlarn enselerinden kesilmek ve yaralayc aletlerle paralanmak suretiyle ete tarafndan katledildikleri; kadnlarn elbiselerinin baka bir yerde bulunmasndan, soyularak rzlarna geildii de kesin olarak anlaldndan, sz konusu eteyi koruyan ve yataklk eden zmit Amele Taburlarndaki Ermenilerin baka yere nakillerinin gerektii, zmit Mutasarrflndan en son gelen yazda bildirilmesine ve daha nce alnan bilgilere gre gerekenin sratle yaplmas ve sonucun bildirilmesine allmas hususunda tezkere yazld efendim. 28 Mays 1917 ileri Bakan Mehmet Talat -----------------------

1 2 3

Kocaeli, Bahecik, Serindere. Kocaeli, Bahecik, Aksn. Kocaeli, Bahecik, Servetiye.

63

Ottoman Government Ministry of Internal Affairs General Directorate of National Police Organization Private Secretarys Office Second Division General: 1382 Private: 91 Secret Ottoman Army Command Headquarters On the issue of the harboring of the gangs by the Armenians in the Izmit Workers Battalion, and their transfers to other places. In attachment to the note dated May 21, 1917, and numbered 1273. The corpses of two women Hac Bills daughter Hatice from Serindere village, and Suleimans daughter Glfedar from Aksn village and of a thirteen-year-old boy, Ahmets son Cafer from efkiye village, who were lost on their way to their villages and were being searched for ever since their disappearance in the forests near their villages, where an Armenian gang was prevailing. They have been discovered in the creek below Efraziye and efkiye villages, and after a close inspection of the corpses it has been observed that the victims were massacred by cutting their necks and by tearing them into pieces by means of piercing instruments. Finding of the womens clothing in a different place it is concluded that they have first been raped and then massacred. Thus, under the light of the information received from the Office of the Governor of Izmit, it became evident that the transfer of the Armenians, who harbored the members of the mentioned gang in the Izmit Workers Battalion, to other places is necessary. A note has been issued for the acceleration of the legal procedures and dispatching of the final results of the issue. May 28, 1917 Minister of Internal Affairs Mehmet Talat

Bk. s. / See pp. 365-366

64

Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanl 2 nci ube 28 Haziran 1917 (Tezkere) zlk leri Mdrlne Osmanl Ermeni erlerinden olup, dil bilmeleri dolaysyla tercman olarak grevlendirilenlerin isimleriyle, grev yerlerini gsteren bir listenin gnderilmesini nemle rica ederim. ---------Savunma Bakanl zlk leri Mdrl Yabanc leri ubesi 1743 Genel Karargh 2 nci ubeye 02 Temmuz 1917 tarihli ve 43155 numaral muhtraya cevaptr. Osmanl Ermeni erlerinden olup, dil bilmeleri sebebiyle tercman olarak grevlendirilenlerin isimleriyle, grev yerlerini gsteren listenin ekli olarak gnderildii bildirilerek bu muhtra verildi. 24 Temmuz 1917 Ermenilere ait hususlarn sabit bir talimata balanmas gerekir. -------------Sret Kayt Numaras 12 54 85 smi ve Babasnn smi Kasap oullarndan Yeleros olu Kigork Agop olu Kirkor Mikil olu Artin Grev Yerleri 6 nc Ordu emrinde 4 nc Orduda ehir imarnda grevli Huzcar Efendiye 4 nc Orduda Paa Makineli Tfek Blnde -----------------------

65

91 92 94 95 96 99 110 136 165 166 167 169 170 173 174 175 177

Karabet olu Kirkor Kigork olu Kenegam Yervant olu Karakayan Artin olu Agop Bogos olu Kirkor Aragil olu Vebrober Antranik Aravir Dikran olu Vahan Nian olu Karabet Abraham olu Leon Kirkor Dikran olu Yervant Hayk Bogos olu Artur Mumcuyan Nesrak olu Agop Vien olu Oseb ermikyan Vien olu Alir ermikyan Vien olu Andon ermikyan Mercan Zenob olu Agop

4 nc Ordu emrinde 4 nc Ordu emrinde 6 nc Kolordu emrinde 5 nci Levazm ubesi emrinde 5 nci Tayyare Bl Komutan Yzba Budkele emrinde 6 nc Ordudaki Doktor tanke Beyin emrinde Top Fabrikasnda Fen Mdrlnde idtsler Efendiye Tuna Osmanl Lojistik Destek Mfettilii emrine Kprl Mfrezesi tercmanlna 4 nc Orduda Paa Makineli Tfek Blnde 18 nci Ar Topu Alaynda stemen Schmid Efendiye 604 Numaral Makineli Tfek Bl tercmanlna Iraka gidecek 36 Numaral Avusturya Obs Bataryasna 4 nc Orduda Paa Makineli Tfek Blnde 4 nc Orduda Paa Makineli Tfek Blnde 4 nc Orduda Paa Makineli Tfek Blnde Bavyera Bataryas tercmanlnda bulunmak zere 5 nci Karargh ubesine 4 nc Orduda Makineli Tfek Blne 503 Numaral Otomobil Kolu iin Lojistik Destek Mfettilii emrine

178 180

Onink Devletyan olu Nubar Hayk olu Ohetersakyan

66

188

Dikran olu Bedros Ttncyan Artin olu Andon Oseb Gmyan olu Henri Artin Bakdesaryan olu Seriraber

4 nc Orduya gidecek 300 Numaral Alman Tayyare Mfrezesinde 7 nci Batarya tercmanlna zmir Maden Mdr Yzba Senevezant Efendi emrinde Tuna Lojistik Destek Mfettiliinde grevli bataryalarn tercmanl iin M. ........ Tarsusta 516 Numaral Otomobil Bl tercmanlna Ar Osmanl Bataryasna Kprl Mfrezesi tercmanlna Depo birliklerinde Yzba Forivich Efendi emrinde Osmanl Donanmas Komutanl emrinde telefon ilerinde grevlendirilmek zere 6 nc Kolordu emrine Albay Hevik Beyin subaylarna dahil olacak Temen Osrabdal Efendiye Lojistik Destek Genel Mfettilii emrine Tuna menzillerinde grevlendirilmek zere 16 nc ve 17 nci stihkm Taburlarna Depo Mfettiliinde Binba Tavman Beyin emrinde 3 nc Levzm ubesine 4 nc Ordu iin hazrlanan Paa 352 Numaral Lamc Mfrezesine

190 194 198

201 206 207 215 219

Kirkor olu Antranik Mikil olu Remi Aciyan Leon olu Vahram Herant emator olu Aram Mardiksiyan Masruf olu Aram Bedros Kurubalkyan Agop olu Onink Kigork olu Leon Ermenak Karabet Hamamciyan olu Bedros Markar olu Simak Mezub Bedros olu Oseb Aanyan Vien olu Kirkor Said Hekimyan Agop olu Ohannes Simonyan

224 229

233

239 241 255 259

67

262 263

Avadis olu Karabet Artin olu Kirkor

Kayd silinmitir 5 Numaral 15 cm. lik Ar Obs Bataryas tercmanlna 5 nci Karargh ubesi emrine 60 Numaral Alman Bataryas tercmanlna (11 Eyll 1916) Robert nakliyatnda grevlendirilmek zere 5 nci Levzm ubesi emrine 8 Numaral 15 cm. lik Seri Obs Bataryas tercmanl iin 5 nci Karargh ubesine 513 Numaral Otomobil Kolu tercmanlna 512 Numaral Otomobil Kolu tercmanlna 4 nc Kolordu Ar Topu Komutan Yerav Beyin emrine Doktor Bayer Efendinin emrine verilmitir. Esir Karargh tercmanlnda grevlendirilmek zere Lojistik Destek Genel Mfettiliine brilde Shhiye Okuluna gitmek zere Shhiye Depo Taburuna 21 Austos 1917 denek ilmhaberi verilmitir 4 nc Orduda grevlendirilmi stemen Taar Efendinin tercmanlna tayin edilmitir. 5 nci Levzm ubesince zmire kadar deme ilmhaberinin verilecei bildirilmitir. 17 nci Kolorduda zmirde Blge Komutan Binba Fonholli Beye denek ilmhaberi Lojistik Destek Genel Mfettiliine gnderilmitir 20 Ocak 1917

264 267

Ohannes Arslangel Artin olu Liparidi

269

Ohannes olu Esbegan Jirayer Bogos olu stepan Hanliyan emator olu Bogos Edvar olu Alkarme Karan olu Agop Arekilyan Avadis olu Emanuel Sedes Bogos olu Raul Canbaz

285 286 288 292 295

302

311

Karabet olu Simakyan Suarak Agop olu Kerupe izmeciyan mirze Onink olu mirze Jozef Aniy olu Bogos Azrunyan

312

313 317

68

321

Mgrd olu Karabet ikib

Reslaynda1 Lojistik Destek Genel Mfettilii 3 Numaral Avusturya Otomobil Kolu stemeni Gabriik Efendiye Amanos Esir Garnizonuna tercman tayin edilmitir 22 Austos 1916 5 Numaral zel imendifer naat Bl tercmanlna 15 Kasm 1916 Toros Demir yolu Hattnda grevli 10 Numaral Osmanl imendifer naat Bl emrine 5 Temmuz 1917 Lojistik Destek Genel Mfettilii emrine verilmitir 23 Austos 1916 2 Numaral Avusturya Otomobil Koluna tayin edildii Lojistik Destek Mfettiliinin 20 Austos 1917 tarihli muhtrasndan anlalmtr. Kastamonu Esir Garnizonu tercmanlna tayin edildii Lojistik Destek Mfettiliinin muhtrasndan anlalmtr. 505 Numaral Otomobil Koluna verilmitir. Lojistik Destek Genel Mfettilii emrinde esir garnizonunda grevlendirilmektedir. 16 Austos 1917 5 Numaral zel imendifer naat Bl tercmanlna 15 Kasm 1916 Uak Okulu Mhendisi Temen Berkhavez Efendinin tercmanlna 6 Austos 1917

340

Karakin olu Nubar

343

Nazarat olu Bedros Yervant Lehib olu Simon

346

348

Hayim olu Leon

349

Serkis olu Hayk

350

Ohannes olu Yervant

351 358

Artin olu Agop Agop olu Pozant

360

Bedros olu Karlev

363

Ohannes olu Vahram Poskiyan

Urfa, Ceylanpnar.

69

368

Kirkor olu Deprih Markaryan

Merkez Kumandanlnda tutuklu ngiliz esirlerinin tercmanl iin Lojistik Destek Genel Mfettilii emrine 4 nc Orduda grevlendirilmek zere sevki iin Merkez Komutanlna 6 Ekim 1916 4 nc Ordu emrinde tercmanlkla grevlendirilmek zere sevki iin merkezde 4 nc Orduya gnderilmek zere Merkez Komutanlna 25 Eyll 1916 4 nc Orduya gnderilmek zere Merkez Komutanlna 4 nc Orduya gnderilmek zere Merkez Komutanlna 25 Eyll 1916 4 nc Orduya gnderilmek zere Merkez Komutanlna 6 nc Ordu emrine gnderilmek zere merkeze 25 Eyll 1916 6 nc Ordu emrine gnderilmek zere merkeze 25 Eyll 1916 Gmsuyu Hastanesi Shhiye Heyetince drt ay hava deiimine 22 Kasm 1916 4 nc Ordu tercmanlnda grevlendirilmek zere merkeze Tercmanlklarda grevlendirilmesine lzum olmadndan Ordu Dairesine iade edilmitir. 31 Aralk 1916 Genel Karargh Kurmay Bakanl emrine 27 Mart 1917 Tuna Lojistik Destek Mfettiliinde grevlendirilmek zere Lojistik Destek Mfettilii emrine

369

Kigork olu Vahan

385

Dikran olu Serkez

390

Avakim olu Vahram

391 392

Agop olu Kirkor Mihil olu Yordan

393 397 398 405

Kirkor olu Ertaki Kofas olu Kalost Murad olu Karakin Vien olu Ohannes

406 413

Agop olu Nian Karnik olu Vahram

415 420

Karabet olu Misak Bedros olu Hematyak

70

425

Avadis olu Maksived

4 nc Orduda 105 Numaral Telsiz Telgraf Bl iin Lojistik Destek Genel Mfettiliine verilmitir Depo birliklerinde eitim-retim grmek zere Bakanln emri ile Ordu Dairesi emrine Depo birliklerinde eitim-retim grmek zere Bakanln emri ile Ordu Dairesi emrine Depo birliklerinde eitim-retim grmek zere Bakanln emri ile Ordu Dairesi emrine Bunkalli Bey emrinde grevlendirilmek zere Sahra Shhiye Genel Mfettilii emrine 7 Ocak 1917 Depo birliklerinde eitim grmek zere Ordu Dairesi emrine 17 Ocak 1917 Depo birliklerinde eitim grmek zere Ordu Dairesi emrine 17 Ocak 1917 Depo birliklerinde eitim grmek zere Ordu Dairesi emrine 17 Ocak 1917 Kstence ve Romanya asker idarelerinde grevlendirilmek zere Lojistik Destek Mfettilii emrine Ordu Dairesinin 22 Ocak 1917 tarih ve 512 numaral ilmyla gelmitir. Osmanl-Rumeli Kpr Mfrezesine gtrlmek zere merkeze gnderilmitir Osmanl-Rumeli Kpr Mfrezesine gtrlmek zere merkeze gnderilmitir

450

Aram olu Ohannes Vahe Nazret olu Serkez Arak

467

475

Haro olu Agop Oin

477

Kirkor olu Kigork

479

Aya olu Mehran Vahram Avakim olu Serkez

480

486

Onnik Ohannes Berviyan olu Serviyan Kigork olu Bogos

490

492

Artin olu Agop Yervant

500

Nian olu Karabet

501

Kartik olu Vahram

71

502

Leon olu Vahram Herant Karnik olu Agop Karabet

Osmanl-Rumeli Kpr Mfrezesine gtrlmek zere merkeze gnderilmitir Suriyeye gidecek sahra top ve sahra obs eitim heyeti nezdine verilmek zere 5 nci Karargh ubesine Suriyeye gidecek sahra top ve sahra obs eitim heyeti nezdine verilmek zere 5 nci Karargh ubesine brilde kurulan Shhiye Okuluna 20 Nisan 1917 Toros Demir yolu Hattnda grevli 10 Numaral imendifer naat Blne

508

511

Hac Karabet olu Serkis

512 522

Zakar olu Jirayer Naum olu Simon

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----------

Ottoman Army Headquarters 2nd Division June 28, 1917 To: Office of Personnel Affairs I hereby request the list of the Ottoman-Armenian soldiers who are appointed as translators, for their language abilities, along with their positions. (Message)

---------Ministry of Defense Office of Personnel Affairs Foreign Affairs Branch 1743

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----------

To: General Headquarters 2nd Division In reply to the note dated July 2, 1917, numbered 43155

72

Attached is the list of the Ottoman-Armenian soldiers who are appointed as translators, for their language abilities, along with their positions. July 24, 1917 The issues pertaining the Armenians ought to be restricted through strict instructions

----------

----Copy

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Registration Number 12 54

Name and his Fathers Name Yeleros son Kigork, from the Kasapoullar family Agops son Kirkor

Position In the 6th Army Assigned to Huzcar Effendi, who is for city development, in the 4th Army responsible Pasha in the 4th Army Machine Gun Company In the 4th Army In the 4th Army In the 6th Army Corps In the 5th Quartermaster Division Assigned to Captain Budkele in the 5th Flight Company Assigned to Dr. Stange Bey in the 6th Army Assigned to chindsler Effendi at the cannon factory Directorate of Technology Assigned to Danube Ottoman Logistic Support Inspectors Office

85 91 92 94 95 96 99 110

Mikils son Artin Karabets son Kirkor Kigorks son Kenegam Pervents son Karakashijan Artins son Agop Bogoss son Kirkor Aragils son Vebrober Antranik Arshavir

136

Dikrans son Vahan

73

165 166 167

Teans son Karabet Abrahams son Leon Kirkor Dikrans son Pervant Hayk Bogoss son Artur Mumcuyan Nesraks son Agop Viens son Oseb ermikyan Viens son Alir ermikyan Viens son Andon ermikyan Mercan Zonubs son Agop Onink Devletyans son Nubar Hayks son Ohetersekyan Dikrans son Bedros Ttncyan Artins son Andun Oseb Gumushijans son Henry Artin Bakdesaryans son Seriraber Kirkors son Antranik

Assigned as translator to the Kprl Detachment Pasha in the 4th Army Machine Gun Company Assigned to First Lieutenant Schmitt Effendi at the 18th heavy artillery Regiment Translator at the 604th Machine Gun Company Assigned to 36th Austrian Howitzer battery destined for Iraq Pasha in the 4th Army Machine Gun Company Pasha in the 4th Army Machine Gun Company Pasha in the 4th Army Machine Gun Company Assigned as translator to Bavyera Battery in the 5th Headquarters. Assigned to the 4th Army Machine Gun Company Assigned to Logistic Support Inspectors Office for the 503rd Automobile Column In the 300th German Flight Company to join the 4th Army Assigned as a translator to the 7th Battery Assigned to Captian Senevzant Effendi, Director of zmir Minerals Assigned as translator to Danube Logistic Support Inspectors Office M. Assigned as translator to 516th Automobile Company in Tarsus 74

169 170 173 174 175 177

178 180

188 190 194

198

201

206 207 215 219 224 229

Mikils son Remi Aciyan Leons son Vahram Herant emators son Aram Mardiksijan Masrufs son Aram Bedrus Kurubalikijan Agops son Onink Kigorks son Leon Ermenak Karabet Hamamciyans son Bedros Markars son Simak Mezub Bedross son Oseb Aanyan Viens son Kirkor Said Hekimyan Agop s son Ohannes Simonyan Avadiss son Karabet Artins son Kirkor

Assigned to Heavy Ottoman Artillery Assigned as translator to the Kprl Detachment Assigned to Captain Forivich Effendi at the Warehouse Units Assigned as telephone operator to Ottoman Naval Forces Assigned to 6th Army Corps Assigned to Lieutenant Osrabdal Effendi who is to join Colonel Hevik Beys officers Assigned to Danube Logistic Support General Inspectors Office M. Assigned to 16th and 17 Military Engineering Battalion Assigned to Major Tavman Bey at the Warehouse Inspectors Assigned to the 3rd Quartermaster Division Assigned to 352nd Tunneling Detachment under Pasha who is preparing for the 4th Army His record is erased Assigned to 5th Headquarters Division as translator for the 5th 15 cm Heavy Howitzer Battery Assigned as translator to the 60th German Battery (September 11, 1916) Assigned to 5th Quartermaster Division for transportation of Robert Assigned to 5th Headquarters Division as translator for the 8th 15 cm Serial Howitzer Battery

233

239 241 255 259

262 263

264

Ohannes Arslangel

267

Artins son Liparidi

269

Ohanness son Esbegan Jirayer

75

285 286 288

Bogoss son stepan Hanliyan ematurs son Bogos Edvars son Alkarme

Assigned as translator to 513th Automobile Column Assigned as translator to 512th Automobile Column Assigned to Yerav Bey, Heavy Artillery Commander in the 4th Army Assigned to Dr. Bayer Effendi Assigned to the Logistic Support General Inspectors Office to be appointed as translator at the POW Headquarters. Assigned to Medical Warehouse Battalion to be sent to Medical School found in Ibril (August 21, 1917). He is given certificate of allocation. Assigned as translator to First Lieutenant Taar in the 4th Army We have been informed that certificate of allocation up to Izmir will be given by the 5th Quartermaster Division Assigned to Major Fonholli Bey, regional commander in zmir, affiliated to 17th Army Corps. His certificate of allocation has been sent to Logistic Support General Inspectors Office (January 20, 1917) Assigned to First Lieutenant Gabrisik Effendi at the 3rd Austrian Automobile Column in Logistic Support General Inspectors Office in Reslayn. Assigned as translator to Amanos Prisoner Garrison (August 9, 1916) Assigned as translator to 5th Special Railroad Construction 76

292 295

Karans son Agop Arekilyan Avadiss son Emanuel Sedes

302

Bogoss son Raul Canbaz

311 312

Karabets son Simakyan Suarak Agops son Kerupe izmeciyan

313

mirze Oninks son mirze Jozef Aniys son Bogos Azrunijan

317

321

Mgrds son Karabet ikib

340

Karakins son Nubar

343

Nazara s son Bedros

Pervant 346 Lehibs son Simon

Company (November 15, 1916) Assigned as translator to 10th Ottoman Railroad Construction Company in charge of Taurus Railroad (July 5, 1917) Assigned to Logistic Support General Inspectors Office (August 23, 1916) It has been understood, from the message of the Logistic Support Inspector, dated August 20, 1917, that he was appointed to 2nd Austrian Automobile Column It has been understood, from the message of the Logistic Support Inspector, that he was appointed as translator to Kastamonu POW garrison. He is given to the 505th Automobile Column He is working at the POW garrison for the Logistic Support General Inspectors Office (August 29, 1916) Assigned as translator to 5th Special Railroad Construction Company (November 15, 1916) Assigned as translator to Engineer Lieutenant Berkhavez Effendi at the Flight School (August 6, 1917) Assigned as translator to Logistic Support General Inspectors Office for the English prisoners who are kept at the Central Headquarters. Assigned to Central Headquarters to be sent to 4th Army (October 8, 1916)

348

Hayims son Leon

349

Serkiss son Hayik

350

Ohanness son Pervant

351 357

Artins son Agop Agops son Pozant

360

Bedross son Karlev

363

Ohanness son Vahram Poskiyan

368

Kirkors son Depri Markaryan

369

Kigorks son Vahan

77

385

Dikrans son Serkez

Assigned to the Central Headquarters to be sent to the 4th Army as a translator Assigned to the Central Headquarters to be sent to the 4th Army (September 25, 1916) Assigned to the Central Headquarters to be sent to the 4th Army Assigned to the Central Headquarters to be sent to the 4th Army (September 25, 1916) Assigned to the Central Headquarters to be sent to the 4th Army Assigned to the Central Headquarters to be sent to the 6th Army (September 25, 1916) Assigned to the Central Headquarters to be sent to the 6th Army (September 25, 1916) He was sent for leave for four months by the Health Committee of Gmsuyu Military Hospital (November 22, 1916) Assigned to the Central Headquarters to be sent to the 4th Army as a translator As there were no need for translators he was sent back to Army Office (December 31, 1916) Assigned to the General Headquarters Chief of Staff (March 27, 1917) Assigned to Danube Logistic Support Inspectors Office

390

Avakims son Vahram

391

Agops son Kirkor

392

Mihils son Peverdan

393

Kirkors son Ertaki

397

Kofass son Kalost

398

Murads son Karakin

405

Viens son Ohannes

406

Agops son Tean

413

Karniks son Vahram

415

Karabets son Misak

420

Bedross son Hematyak

78

425

Avadiss son Maksiveme

Assigned to Logistic Support General Inspectors Office to be sent to the 105th Radiotelegraphy Company at the 4th Army Assigned to the Army Office to be trained and educated in the Warehouse Units upon the orders of the Ministry Assigned to the Army Office to be trained and educated in the Warehouse Units upon the orders of the Ministry Assigned to the Army Office to be trained and educated in the Warehouse Units upon the orders of the Ministry Assigned to MASH General Inspectors Office to works with Bunkalli Bey (January 7, 1917) Assigned to the Army Office to be trained in the Warehouse Units (January 17, 1917) Assigned to the Army Office to be trained in the Warehouse Units (January 17, 1917) Assigned to the Army Office to be trained in the Warehouse Units (January 17, 1917) Assigned to Logistic Support Inspectors Office to work at the Military Administrations of Kstence and Romania Arrived upon the orders of the Army Office dated January 22, 1917 numbered 512 Sent to Central Command Office to be assigned to OttomanRumelian Bridge Detachment Sent to Central Command Office to be assigned to OttomanRumelian Bridge Detachment 79

450

Arams son Ohannes Vahe

467

Nazrets son Serkez Arak

475

Haros son Agop Oen

477

Kirkors son Kigork

479

Ayas son Mehran Vahram Avakims son Serkez

480

486

Onnik Ohannes Perviyans son Servilyan Kigorks son Bogos

490

492

Artins son Agop Pervant Neats son Karabet

500

501

Kartiks son Vahram

502

Leons son Vahram Herant Karniks son Agop Karabet

Sent to Central Command Office to be assigned to OttomanRumelian Bridge Detachment Assigned to the 5th Headquarters Division, to take up duty in the field artillery and field cannon training committee to be sent to Syria. Assigned to the 5th Headquarters Division, to take up duty in the field artillery and field cannon training committee to be sent to Syria. Assigned to Medical School found in Ibril (April 20, 1917) Assigned to 10th Railroad Construction Company in charge of Taurus Railroad

508

511

Hac Karabets son Serkis

512 522

Zakars son Jirayer Neums son Simon

Bk. s. / See pp. 367-381

80

Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanl Kafkas Ordular Grubundan Bakomutanla gelen 883 numaral ifredir. Erzincandan kaarak Tunceli yoluyla gelen Mslmanlar, Ruslarn Erzincandaki btn Mslmanlar toplayp Ermeni komitelerine teslim ederek, bu komiteler araclyla ldrttklerini, rza gemenin ve her trl hakaretin apak bir ekilde yaplmakta olduunu ve Mslman mallarnn tamamen yama edildiini ifade etmektedirler. Ruslarn isteiyle olduuna phe olmayan Erzincandaki bu mezalimin nne geilmesi konusunda gerekli yerlere siyas teebbste bulunulmas grlerinize baldr. Kafkas Ordular Grubu Komutan Ahmet zzet

9-10 Mays 1917

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Ottoman Army Command Headquarters Code, numbered 883, sent by the Caucasus Armies Group to the General Headquarters. The Muslims who fled from Erzincan via Tunceli highway are reporting that the Russians are gathering the Muslims in Erzincan and turning them in to the hands of the Armenian committees, and having them killed by the committees. They also claim that rape and all kinds of insults are being committed openly, and that all Muslim possessions are being pillaged. The atrocities taking place in Erzincan, presented hereby are no doubt enticed by the Russians. The stopping of the atrocities being committed in Erzincan via necessary political platforms remains in your further considerations. Caucasus Armies Group Commander Ahmet Izzet

May 9-10, 1917

Bk. s. / See pp. 383-384

81

3 nc Ordu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube 3 nc Ksm Numara 939 Bakomutanla

3 nc Ordu Karargh 4 Ekim 1917

2 Eyll 1917de 36 nc Kafkas Tmenine iltica eden 156 nc Alay 12 nci Blk Komutan Temen Nikolann, Ruslar ve zellikle Ermenilerin Mslmanlara yaptklar ktlkler ve alaklklar hakkndaki dikkate deer ifadesi aada arz olunur: Temen Nikolann bu konuda ayrca Rusa olarak ifadesi de Ekte sunulmutur. Sarkam Harekt srasnda Rusyadaki Mslmanlar arasnda grlen karklklardan dolay Elizabetpol1, Bak, Ahska2 ve daha pek ok yerde Mslmanlar, Kazaklar tarafndan katledilmilerdir. imdi Rus ordusunda Ermeniler, kendilerinden nefret edilen kiiler durumundadrlar. Bunlar sava srasnda genellikle geriye kap, kylerde istirahat ederler ve yalandan hasta olurlar. Kendi kendilerini vururlar, fakat yama frsatn karmazlar. Dman geri ekildiinde, ilerleyip ellerine geen tfek, bomba vesaireyi toplayp saklarlar. Gerek Trk, gerekse Rus cenazelerini soyarlar. Savan balangcnda, Horasanda3 39 ncu Tmene bal bir alaya ait olan ve Ermeniler tarafndan topraa gmlen alt makineli tfek, aratrma neticesinde meydana karlp, sulular asker mahkemeye verilmek zere geri gnderildi. Ermeniler, Trke bildikleri iin Erzurumda kendilerini Kafkas Mslman olarak tantarak, bitmek bilmez tecavzlere kar daima korunmaya muhta olan zavall Trklerden kzlarla evleniyorlar, daha sonra da basit bahaneler ve kavgalarla zavalllar bouyorlar. Gerek ehir, gerekse kylerde halktan, zellikle Mslmanlardan aldklar mallarn parasn vermezler, cra yerlerde ve kylerde her zaman namusa tecavz ederler. Hatta asayiin saland zamanlarda bile Erzurumun kenar mahallerinde birka defa bu gibi sarkntlklarda bulunmular, fakat yakay ele verenler cezalandrlmlardr. Bunlarn kylerdeki tavr ve hareketleri insanla smaz. Geen k; Erzurumda odun pahal olduu iin, Ermeniler Mslman kyllerin evlerini ykarak, aa ve kirilerini ehre gtrp satyorlard. Bu kirileri yalnz
1 2 3

Azerbaycan, Gence Grcistan, Ahska. Erzurum, Horasan.

83

sakinleri g eden evlerden skmyorlard. Ermeniler, bir kye gidiyor, herhangi bir eve girerek, evin sahibine, bu oday bana ver diyor, ya da ev halkn tamamen darya atp, bir-iki gn oturduktan sonra damn skerek, yine ayn evin kans ile ehre gtrp satyorlard. Mslmanlarn gzel kzlarn ve gelinlerini, sen nce Ermeniydin diye yakalayp gtryorlar. Eer, kz veya kadn Ermeni deilim diyecek olursa dvp, tehdit ediyorlar. ayet bunlardan bazlar idarecilere ikyet etme frsatn bulabilirlerse, idareciler bunlar Ermenilerin ellerinden alarak ailelerine teslim ediyor. Ermenilerin kylerde ne gibi mezalim yaptklarn aktarabilmek iin, Erzurumun iinde meydana getirdikleri ktlk ve yz kzartc olaylardan bazlarn anlatmak yeterlidir. Geen yln Hazirannda [1916] Mslman elbiseleri giyinmi birka kii, bir iki tfek ve bir mitralyz ile Karskaps civarndaki ykseke bir evin zerine karak, buradan Erzurum Mstahkem Mevki Komutannn oturduu yere ate etmee baladlar. Tabi yakalandlar. Bunlar kendilerinin Mslman olduklarn, din ve devlet urunda her trl fedakrl yapacaklarn, btn Mslmanlarn isyan ederek Ruslar perian edeceklerini, maksatlarnn temini iin gereinden fazla asker ve silhlar olduunu, bir kahraman edasyla sylediler. Ruslar, bunlarn bu hareket ve ifadelerinden dehete dtler. O srada Erzurumda bulunan Yekastritagoravski Polk hemen Mslman evlerini aratmaya balad. Ermeniler de gya silhlar meydana karmak ve aranacak yerleri gstermek bahanesiyle rasgelen evlere girdiler, btn ehri yama ettiler. Para, gerdanlk, kemer, bilezik, hal, kuma ne buldularsa gtrdler. Birok kadna tecavz ettiler. Arama neticesinde kalemtra ve ekmek bandan baka bir ey bulunamad. Aramalar tamamlannca Mslmanlar toplanarak komutann yanna gittiler. Talandan, tecavzlerden ikayet ettiler. Komutan Ermenilerin gasbettikleri mallardan bir ksmn geri alarak sahiplerine iade ettirdi. Trklerin istei zerine komutann kararghna ate edenlerle Trkler yzletirildi. Haydutlardan birinin, zamannda Erzurumda kuyumculuk yapan bir Ermeni olduu anlald. Erzincan ve Trabzonlu iki Mslman da dier iki kiinin Ermeni olduunu ispat etti. Bunun zerine Rus idarecileri, Erzurumda bulunan btn Ermenilerle civarda bulunan Trkiye Ermenilerinden birounu geri taraflara srd. Silh kullanan sz konusu ahslara ne yapldn iyi bilmiyorum. Erzurum civarndaki kylerde Rus birlikleri bulunuyor. Ermeniler, Kn kynde1 geceleyin bir Rus nbetisini ldrdler. Cenazeyi para para ederek sabahleyin uval iine koyup, bir Mslman hamala verdiler. Bu uval, Mslman ve memleketin ileri gelenlerinden biri olan belediye reisinin evinin nne brakmasn tembih ettiler. Hamala yolda rasgelen iki Rus askeri, uvalda ne olduunu sorarlar. Hamal, iinde ne olduunu bilmediini, gtrp belediye reisinin evinin nne brakacan syler. Askerler uval amasn, iinde kendilerine yarayacak eyler varsa satn almak istediklerini
1

Bayburt, Arslandede.

84

Erzincanda, Ermenilerin katlettii anne ve kz (12 ubat 1918) A mother and her daughter massacred by the Armenians in Erzincan. (February 12, 1918)

sylerler. Fakat hamal kendisine ait olmad iin buna raz olmaz. Askerler, sen bize satmak istemiyorsun, gtrp Mslmanlara satacaksn diye uval indirip aarlar. Hamal tutukland. Fakat yaplan soruturma neticesinde katillerin Ermeni olduu anlald ve asker mahkemeye verilmek zere geri gnderildiler. Ruslarn, Erzurumda gsterdikleri muhalefet ve dikkate ramen igalin balangcnda son derece nemli yama ve katliam yapld. Namusuna tecavz edilmedik ancak bir-iki yz kz kald desem abartm olmam. u olay asla unutamam: Erzurumun gneyinde bir mahallede bir eve giren Ermeniler, gen bir anneyi diree, babay da dier bir diree balayp, bunlarn bir yanda olan ocuklarn da sofa ortasna aktklar kaza geiriyorlar. ocuun cenazesini ben bizzat grdm. Annesi delirmi, Erzurumda babo geziyordu. Bu durumundan dolay kadn evine almak istemeyen kocasn, idareciler eve almaya mecbur ettiler. Bizim Alayla Hasankaleye1 gideceimiz srada, kasabann dousunda yol zerinde rastladm, insanlk iin silinmez leke olan, utan verici bir manzaray istemeyerek syleyeceim. Cinsel organna kocaman bir kazk aklm olarak yerde yatar vaziyette bulduumuz, gzel ve gen bir Trk kadnn cenazesini, gzlerden uzak olacak ekilde yolun uzana gtrp braktk. Ermenilerin bu hareketleri, Mslman Trklere kar duyduklar kinden ok, yaratllarndan kaynaklanmaktadr. Rus ordusundaki yolsuzluklarn tamamn Ermeniler yapmlardr. Meydana gelen kavga, hrszlk, ldrme, fuhu gibi olaylarn failleri mutlaka Ermenilerdir. Ruslar da bu dncededir. Herhangi bir Rusa, hatta Kazaka, Trk ile Ermeni mukayese ettirilse, Trk daha lml, meden ve saygdeer bulur. Ermenilerin bu hallerinden bkm olan Kazaklar, ayet bir Ermeniye tenha bir yerde rastlar ve yakalanmayacaklarn da akllar keserse hemen ldrrler. Rus ordusunda Ermeniler hakknda, istisnasz u ekilde lanet okunduunu duyarsnz: Ermeniler Cehenneme . Bu konuda elde edilecek bilgilerin, srasyla grlerinize sunulaca arz olunur. 3 nc Ordu Kumandan emriyle Lojistik Destek Hizmet Mfettii Albay Muhittin

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Erzurum, Pasinler

85

3rd Army Command Headquarters Staff Office 1st Division 3rd Branch Number 939 To: General Headquarters

3rd Army Headquarters October 4, 1917

Following is the testimony of Lieutenant Nikola, commander of the 12th Company of the 156th Regiment, who has taken refuge in the 36th Caucasus Division on September 2, 1917. Especially the parts about the Russians and Armenians vile atrocities directed to the Muslims are worthy of mentioning. Lieutenant Nikolas testimony in Russian is also attached. During the Sarkam Campaign, Cossacks taking the tumultuous events between the Muslims in Russia for granted have massacred a lot of Muslims in Elizabetpol, Bak, Ahska, and else where. Now the Armenians in the Russian Army are abhorred. They generally run away from the fronts and stay in the villages pretending to be ill during the war. They shot themselves, but they never miss the opportunity of pillaging. When the enemy withdraws they gather the guns and ammunitions and hide them away. They loot both the Turkish and Russian corpses. In the beginning of the war, six machine guns that were hidden away by the Armenians affiliated to the 39th Division, in Horasan, were unearthed after the investigations; the felons were caught and were sent to Martial Court. Since the Armenians could speak Turkish, by introducing themselves as Caucasian Muslims they were marrying the poor Turkish girls who are desperately in need of protection from the never-ending attempts of rape. Then, by making up simple pretexts they are divorcing them. They never pay for the goods they take either in the town or in the villages, especially for the goods they take from the Muslims, and they always rape people living in the remote areas, and in the villages. Even at the times when the public order was established, they have attempted rapes at the outskirts of Erzurum; however, those who were captured have been punished. Their behaviors and actions in the villages cannot be considered humane at all. Last winter, because the wood was expensive, the Armenians were pulling down the Muslim houses and were selling their timber and beams in the town. They were not taking the beams from the deserted houses only. When the Armenians went to a village they would enter a house and claim a room for a night or two, or they would throw the household out, stay there for coupe of days; and as they leave they would pull down the roof, load it on the oxcart of the house, take it to the town and 86

sell it there. They were taking away the beautiful Muslim girls by saying that they were previously Armenians. If they were to resist, the Armenians would beat them to death, or threaten them. If those women could find a way to complain about the events to the administrators, they are returned to their families by rescuing them from the hands of the Armenians. In order to be able to narrate the atrocities committed by the Armenians in the villages better, it will be enough to mention some of the disgraceful events in Erzurum. Last year, in June [1916], couple of people in disguise of Muslim climbed the roof of a house with two guns and a machinegun, and opened fire on the house where the Commander of Erzurum Fortified Rank dwelled. Of course they wee caught. They claimed in a despising manner that they were Muslims, that they were ready to make sacrifices to do anything for the government, that all the Muslims were ready to rebel against the Russians, and that they had more than enough soldiers and arms to achieve their goals. Upon hearing these Russians fell into despair. Yekastritagoravski Polk who was in Erzurum then started a search on the Muslims houses. Armenians under the pretext of showing where the weapons were hid entered the houses and pillaged the whole town. They took away everything they could find like money, necklaces, belts, bracelets, carpets, and fabrics. They raped a lot of women. Nothing except pencil sharpeners and bread knives were found during the searches. When the searches were over Muslims gathered and visited the commander. They complained about the pillaging and the rapes. Commander by taking some of the stolen articles from the Armenians returned them to their owners. Upon the request of the Turks the ones who opened fire on the commanders headquarters were brought before the Turks. It was understood that one of the bandits happened to be an Armenian jeweler in Erzurum previously. Two Muslims from Erzincan and Trabzon proved that the other two were also Armenians. Upon this, the Russian administrators sent all the Armenians in Erzurum and some of the Turkish Armenians away into the rear regions. I am not sure about what happened to those who opened fire on the headquarters. There are Russian Army Units in the villages neighboring Erzurum. Armenians killed a Russian guard in Kn village. They tore his body limb by limb, put in a sack, and gave it to a Muslim porter. They told him to leave the sack in front of the mayors house, who was one of the leading men of the town and the Muslim community. Two Russian soldiers whom he met on the way asked him what was in the sack. He told them he was ordered to take the sack to mayors house and leave it there. The soldiers told him to open the sack and if there were something they could purchase they would buy it. The porter saying that the sack was not his, refused their wish. But the soldiers saying that he was taking the sack to the Muslims to sell, opened the sack. Porter was arrested. Upon an interrogation it was understood that the murderers were Armenians, and they were sent to Martial Court. 87

Despite the Russians utmost opposition and attention there have been extremely important pillaging and massacring in Erzurum. I would not be exaggerating if I said there are only one or two hundred girls left untouched. I can never forget this incident. Armenians who entered into a house in southern Erzurum, having tied a young mother to a beam of the house, and the father to another beam impaled their child of only a-year-old. I saw the childs corpse myself. His mother went mad, and she was wandering in Erzurum alone. Her husband who did not want to take her in the house was forced by the administrators to take her in. I will not tell on a scene, which I believe is an inerasable shame for the mankind, we have met on the eastern part of the town with our regiment on our way to Hasankale. We found a body of a young and beautiful Turkish woman, lying on the road, who was impaled from her genitals at the site, and carried her off the way to somewhere out of side. Those atrocities do stem not from Armenians hatred towards the Turks, but rather from their very nature. The Armenians committed all the impropriety in the Russian Army. The instigators of the fights, pillaging, murders, and prostitutions are the Armenians. Russians are in the same belief. If one asks for a comparison between a Turk and an Armenian to any Russian or even to a Cossack, they will find the Turk more moderate, more civilized and respectful. Cossacks, who had enough of these Armenians actions, would kill them without any hesitation at all if they find it plausible and meet them in lonely places. You can always hear a curse in the Russian Army on the Armenians. Armenians to Hell Further information to be received, will be presented to your considerations. Upon the orders of the 3rd Army Logistic Support Services Inspector Colonel Muhiddin

Bk. s. / See pp. 385-390

88

3 nc Ordu Komutanl Kurmayl 1 nci ube 3 nc Ksm Numara 1156

3 nc Ordu Karargh 20 Kasm 1917

[zet] 4/8 Ekim 1917 tarih ve 939 numaral yaznn ekidir. Bakomutanla Ruslar ve Ermeniler tarafndan Mslmanlara ve esirlere yaplmakta olan muameleler hakknda, eitli tarihlerde 3 nc Orduya snan askerlerimizle, Rus mlteci ve esirlerinin ifadeleri Ekte sunulmutur. 3 nc Ordu Komutan emriyle Lojistik Destek Hizmet Mfettii Albay Muhittin

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Ermenilerin Mslmanlar aleyhinde tadklar dncelere dair, Rus ordusundan iltica eden Anton Nedelski ile Valenti Novakn aklamalar: Ermenilerin ana dncesi udur: Trkiye topraklarndan igal edilen yerleri kendilerine ayrarak, bu yerlere Ermenileri yerletirmek istiyorlar. Gerek bu maksatlarn hayata geirmek ve gerek Grcler gibi kendilerine dman olan milletlere kar koymak maksadyla bamsz Ermeni taburlar kuruyorlar. Erzurumda yle bir olay meydana geldi. Birka Ermeni, Rus yneticilere giderek, ehir halknn eitli cins silhlar saklam olduklarn haber verdiler. Gya yerini gstermek bahanesiyle, silhlar arama ile grevlendirilen adamlarla birlikte giderek birok kymetli eyay yamaladlar. Tabi ihbar edilen silhlar bulunamad. Bunun zerine arama ile grevlendirilen amir: Ey Ermeniler! Bu sefer artk yaptklarnzn cevabn kendiniz verirsiniz nk sizin yaptklarnzn cevabn vere vere Rus postu artk hrpaland dedi. Erzurumun ticareti tamamen Ermenilerin elinde olduu gibi, Mslmanlara saldrmak iin de, en ufak bir kvlcmn meydana kmasn beklemektedirler.

89

Ben Novak, Oltu yolu zerinde yle bir olaya tank oldum: Arabadan srayp inen bir Ermeni Rus askeri, yolda rastlad ihtiyar Mslmanlar alabildiine dvd. Bildiimiz baka bir ey yoktur. Rus ordusundan iltica eden Anton Nedelski Valenti Novak

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25 Mart 1917 tarihinde Syatovi Karast kasabasnda Ermeniler, 3 Rus kadnn kestiler ve kk ocuklarn kuyuya attlar. Tiflis stasyonunda bir Ermeninin, trenin altna att bir Rus ocuun ba, raylar zerinde koptu. 1 Mays 1917 tarihinde Erivanda gece nbet tutan 3 askerden birini ldrdler, birinin kolunu, bir dierinin de cinsel organn kestiler. 3 Maysta mevziye gelirken u olaya ahit oldum: Rus kdemsiz avuu olan Ermeni, yolda giden Krdn zerini aramak zere emir verdii Rus milletine mensup asker, emrini yerine getirmeyince, dier askeriyle Krtlerden 3 kama, 2 revolver ve 155 ruble para ald. Bunu haber alan bizim Rus subay, Ermenileri tutuklatt ve 13 gn hapis cezasna mahkum ettirdi. Erzincanda arda yle bir olay meydana geldi: Geen senenin 25 Temmuzunda (1916), bir Mslmann dkknna girerek veresiye alvarlk basma ve kuma isteyen drt Ermeni bunlar vermekten ekinen Mslman balayp, azn tkadktan sonra istedikleri basmay ve be top kuma alp gittiler ve dkkn stne kilitlediler. Vasili Korneyevi Makugoef

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Ben hastaneye yatmadan evvel 8 nci Kafkas Alaynda iken, Ermeniler hakknda unu iittim: Bitlisin igali srasnda Ermeni gnllleri, Bitliste birok yerli Trk kesmiler. Bu olay 1916 yl Hazirannda olmutur. Baka bir ey iitmedim. 19 ncu Trkistan Avc Alayndan Nefer Veeslaf Belyayef

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24 nc Svari Alay 2 nci Blnden Ruslara esir den, daha sonra firar eden, Zilenin Alan kynden, Koanoullarndan Osman olu Ahmetin Ermeni mezlimine dair ifadesi: Karaurgandan1 Mamahatuna2 gelirken bir gece Erzurumda kaldk. Erzurumlu bir Mslman, Ermeniler hakknda bana unlar syledi: Ermeniler, Erzuruma geldikleri zaman pek ok Mslman kestiler, aza alnamayacak ktlklerde bulundular. Kaplar krarak, duvarlar delerek evlere girdiler, oluk ocuu bile kestiler. Bereket versin ki, Ruslar ok gemeden Ermenileri durdurdular ve ele geenlerini cezalandrdlar. Rus igali altna giren yerlerde, halknn byk bir ksm g etmi olan birka Mslman ky bir araya gelerek, Ermeni tecavzlerine kar toplu bulunmak istiyorlar. Rus Hkmeti de, bunlarn korunmas iin her kye iki Kazakla bir avu brakyor.

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1 Ocak 1914 tarihinde Nahcivanda yle bir hadise oldu: Bir eve girerek oturanlarn katlettikten sonra paralarn alan 5 Ermeniyi Rus askerleri yakalayp astlar. 25 Mart 1914te yine kurulan byle bir Ermeni etesi Tatarlarn bulunduu yere gidip soygunculua balad. Onlar da Ruslar yakalayp ar hizmetlerde almaya mahkum ederek Sibiryaya srdler. Ermenilerin says toplam 45ti. 13 Temmuz 1915te de yle bir olay meydana geldi. Ermeniler, Peyatigorsuk ehri dnda, satmak zere ehre yiyecek gtren Ruslar ldrdler ve yiyeceklerini gaz dkp yaktlar. Sonunda Rus askerleri Ermenileri evre ormanlarda yakalayp katlettiler. 156 nc Alaya mensup Stavropol ilinin Syatukrastovski kazasna bal Teodorromanofka kynden Vasil Kozneyevi Makugonef

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Kars, Sarkam, Karaurgan. Erzincan, Tercan.

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alrken orbann etli ksmlarn kendi askerlerine, sulu ksmlarn bizim esirlere veriyorlard. Bizi burulmu telgraf telleri ile dvyorlard. 96 nc Alay 1 nci Tabur Komutan Yzba Kzm Bey bacann be yerinden yaral olarak Sarkama getirilmiti. Kzm Bey, Ruslarn bize yaptklar muameleden ok ac duymu ve bu muameleleri hkmetimize bildirelim demiti. Ruslar, subaylarmza bizim Rus askerlerine baktmz kadar bakmyorlar. Sarkamta subaylarmz yemeklerin ktlnden ikyet ettikleri iin, yalnz subaylarn yemekleri, o da bir dereceye kadar dzeltilmiti. Biz askerler de bizzat ikyet ettik. Bize Almanlara gidiniz! Onlar size daha iyisini versinler cevabn verdiler. lk esir olduumuz zaman bizi Prnakapana1 gtrmlerdi. Rus askerleri; subaylarmz da dahil, herkesin parasn, subaylarn eyalarn da aldlar. 96 nc Alay 7 nci Blk stemeni Osman Efendinin izmesini bile ayandan karttlar. Ermeniler ssz yerlerde ellerine den Mslmanlar ldryorlar. Ermeniler, Tirebolu yaknnda bulunan Elevey kynde, asker telefon hattn kesmiler ve Ruslara da Trkler tarafndan kesildiini sylemiler. Ancak Hamsikyde2 bulunan 5 nci Rus Kolordusu Komutan, bunun Mslmanlar tarafndan yapldna inanmam, telefon hattnn gzetim altnda bulundurulmasn emretmi. Sonunda telefon telinin Ermeniler tarafndan kesildii grlm ve sulular yakalanmtr. Bu szlerimin hepsinin doru olduuna yemin ederim. akir avu ---------Rusyadan kam: smim Otto Fener. Gradonsda bulunan 141 nci Piyade Alayna mensubum. 27 Ocak 1914te Dou Prusyada yaralanarak Ruslar tarafndan esir edildim. Ruslar beni Oboniskte bir hastaneye gtrdler. Burada alt hafta kaldktan sonra, salk durumumun elverili olmasndan dolay Sibiryada Turkosfuya gnderdiler. Zarur masraflarmza karlk gnlk 10 kapik veriyorlard. Alktan ve souktan ok etkileniyorduk. Bu husustaki ikayetlerimize, bamzdaki muhafzlar; Alman domuzlar her eye katlanmal! diyerek, karlk veriyorlard. Ruslarn bize reva grdkleri bu muameleler, bize ok ac veriyor ve sabrmz tketiyordu. Arkadalarmdan birou kamay tasarlyordu. Toplam 200 kii bir barakadaydk.
1 2

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Erzurum, Akale, Prnakapan Trabzon, Maka, Hamsiky.

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Barakamzn yannda, esir subaylarn ikameti iin ayrlm bir bina vard. Bizimle beraber bulunan Avusturyal esirler de kama fikrine katlyorlard. 20 Nisan 1915te ilk defa kamaya teebbs ettik ve ka ynmz Romanya hududu idi. ki Alman subay, iki Avusturyal subay aday bir baavu ve bir de ben olmak zere toplam alt kii idik. Hudutta bulunan Onkoten kasabasna geldik. Burada bir nehirden gemek gerekiyordu. Aramzda, ilk defa subaylarn gemesi kararlatrld. Onlar getiler, tam biz gemek zereyken, dman devriyeleri zerimize ate ettiler. Durmaya mecbur olduk. Sonunda yakalandk ve ok kt muamele grdk. Muhafzlar, ou defa krbala zerimize yryerek bizi dvyorlard. Hapishaneden hapishaneye gnderildik. Nihayet Rusya ihtilali, herkesin olduu gibi bizim de imdadmza yetiti. Bizim iin de kurtulma vakti gelmiti. lk frsattan faydalanmaya hazrdk. ansmz bu hususta bize yardmc oldu ve kamz kolaylatracak frsatlar ortaya kt. htilal srasnda, Volga nehri zerinde bulunan Asizhan ehrinde idik. Geim darlmz gren Rus idarecileri bize byk bir iyilik yapt ve kasabada amelelik yaparak para kazanmamza izin verdiler. Bu frsat karmadk. nce kasabada oturan felketzede hemehrilerimizle tantk. Ruslar, Dou Prusyay istillar srasnda, oradan birok gen kz beraberlerinde Rusyaya getirmilerdi. Birbirimize yaptmz yardmlardan dolay, duygulanyorduk. Ruslar bu kasabada bulunan Alman ve Rus esirlerinden 80 kiiyi, ben de dahil olmak zere almak iin Tiflise gnderdiler. Buradan kamak iin tekrar frsat aramaya baladm. Aslnda Almanyal olan bir Rustan pasosu ile elbiselerini satn aldm ve bir Rus askeri olduumu iddia ederek trene bindim. Sarkama geldim. Sarkam stasyonunda, ilk defa Ermenilerin Trklere gaddarca yaptklar hareketlere ahit oldum. stasyon civarnda, 10 kadar Trk askeri odun tamakta idiler. Bir gn nce yamur yadndan, nakliyat yeterince seri bir ekilde yaplamyordu. Trk askerlerini gzeten bir Ermeni, bu duruma kzarak Trklere svp saymaya balad ve elindeki sopay Trklerden birine vurarak, aresiz Trk topraa serdi. Sarkamtan sonra Karaurgana geldim. Bu kasaba Sarkamtan 30 km uzaklktadr. Karaurganda gn kaldm. Burada Ermenilerin Trklere kar srdrdkleri gaddarca hareketlere ahit oldum. Misafir olduum evin sahibi Trkt. Ermenilerin, haftada en az iki defa evlerini aradklarn, ellerine geen kymetli eyalar aldklar gibi, hi yoktan bahanelerle kendilerini dvdklerini anlattlar. Karaurgandan itibaren demir yolu hattndan istifade ederek, Erzuruma geldim. Burada da bir hafta kaldm. ehir, harabe halinde idi. Camilerin tamam hamam ve ambara dntrlmt. Gece saat 8den sonra Trklerin dar kmalar kesinlikle yasaklanmt. Bir akam, Ermeninin bir Trk kzna satatklarn grdm. Kzn feryad zerine, Ermenilerden biri, zerinde tad bakla kz hemen ldrd. Koarak, civarda bulunan polislerden birine durumu bildirdim. Polis geldi, ldrlen kzn Trk olduunu anladktan sonra kmseyerek omuzlarn kaldrd ve Zarar yok, Trk kzym, Trkler tamamen mahvolmallar! diye karlk verdi. Erzurumdan Mamahatuna gitmek zere 93

hareket ettim. Yolda ta krmakla uraan Trk esirlerine rastladm. Benden ttn ve ekmek istediler. Mamahatunda bir Trk dkknna gittim ve birka kutu konserve satn aldm. Maazaya ayn zamanda bir de Ermeni subay geldi. 12 adet konserve ald ve dkkn sahibine konservenin fiyatn sordu. Fiyatnn 27 ruble olduunu renince, kfretmeye balad ve ald eylerin parasn vermeden gitti. Dkkn sahibi, bu tr olaylarn sk sk meydana geldiini ve Ermenilerin satn aldklar mallarn paralarn demediklerini syledi. Birka gn sonra, otomobille rensuna hareket ettim. ofr, birka gn evvel Krtlerin cephede bulunan bir Ermeni taburuna taarruz ettiklerini, Ermenileri balangta mevzilerinden uzaklatrsalar da Ruslar tarafndan gnderilen yardmc kuvvetlerin kar taarruzu zerine geri ekilmeye mecbur olduklarn anlatt. Civarda bulunan bir Trk kynn, kaamayan kadn, ihtiyar ve ocuklar, Ermeniler tarafndan tamamen katledilmi ve kydeki kymetli eyalar Ruslar tarafndan yama edilmiti. rensunda 153 nc Alaya kaydoldum ve birka gn sonra ileri karakolda grevlendirildim. Ancak ilk frsattan istifade ederek Trklerin tarafna katm. Beni iyi bir srette kabul ettiklerinden dolay Trk subay ve askerlerine tekrar teekkr etmeyi byk bir bor bilirim. Otto Fener ---------3rd Army Headquarters Staff Office 1st Division 3rd Division Number 1156 --------------

3rd Army Headquarters November 20, 1917

(Summary) Attachment of the letter dated October 4/8, 1917 numbered 939 To the General Headquarters Attached are the testimonies, pertaining to the atrocities committed to the Muslims and the prisoners, of the Russian immigrants, prisoners, and of our soldiers who took refuge in the 3rd Army on various dates. Upon the orders of the 3rd Army Commander Range Inspector Colonel Muhiddin -------------94 ----------

Explanations of Anton Nedelski and Valenti Novak -who fled from Russian Army- on the Armenians ideas about the Muslims: Main idea of the Armenians is: they want to separate the occupied lands in Turkey for themselves, and place Armenians in those territories. In order to realize their aims they are establishing independent Armenian battalions to fight against the nations like Georgians. An event occurred in Erzurum. Several Armenians have told the Russian administrators about the types of the weapons which the townsmen have hidden. They have plundered lots of valuable goods in the houses, entering in with the pretext of searching for weapons, and/or showing the hidden places. Of course, the guns that were denounced have never been found. Upon this, an administrator who was in charge of the searches said: You, the Armenians, will have to answer yourselves about your doings, because answering all your doings on your behalf the Russian skin has worn out. As all the trade in Erzurum is in the hands of the Armenians, they are in pursuit of a single spark to attack on the Muslims. I, Novak, have witnessed an incident on the way to Oltu. A RussianArmenian soldier, jumping out of the truck, has beaten all the senior Muslims he met on the way to death. We know nothing else. Russian Refugees Anton Nedelski Valeni Novak

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On March 25, 1917 Armenians have slaughtered 3 Russian women and threw their small children into a well in Suyotavi Karast. In Tbilisi train station an Armenian threw a Russian child on the tracks and a train chopped his head off. On May 1, 1917 they have slaughtered one of the soldiers at guards in Erivan; they have cut an arm of another, and the genitals of yet another. I have witnessed an incident on my way to the trenches on May 3. An Armenian sergeant in the Russian Army ordered a soldier to search the three Kurds whom they met on the way; upon the soldiers refusal of his order together with other three soldiers he took 3 daggers, 2 revolvers, and 155 rubles. Upon hearing this, our Russian officer has ordered the arresting of the Armenians and imprisoned them for 13 days. 95

Another incident occurred in Erzincans shopping district: On July 25 last year (1916), four Armenians entered into a Muslims shop to buy some cloth on credit, on shopkeepers hesitation they have tied him up, closed his mouth, and taking the printed cloth and five rolls of fabric they locked him in and went away. Vasili Kormayevich Makugochev -----------------------

Prior to my hospitalization, when I was in the 8th Caucasus Regiment, I heard these about the Armenians: during the occupation of Bitlis, Armenian volunteers have slaughtered many native Turks in Bitlis. This incident has happened in June of 1916. I heard nothing else. From 19th Turkistan Fighting Regiment Soldier Vecheslav Beliayev

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Following is testimony of Osmans son Ahmet, from Koanoullar family in Ziles Alan village, who was captured when he was serving at the 2nd Division of the 24th Cavalry Regiment and who fled from the Russian prison. When we were coming from Karaurgan to Mamahatun we stopped in Erzurum for the night. A Muslim in Erzurum told me these about the Armenians: Armenians, when they arrived at Erzurum they have slaughtered a lot of Muslims, and performed despicable evil deeds, They have broken in the houses either through the door or the walls and slaughtered everybody including the children. Thanks God that the Russians have stopped them before long and punished the ones whom they have captured. Several Muslim villages, although most of their people have migrated, decided to unite and resist the Armenian atrocities in the Russian occupied regions. In order to protect them Russian government is placing two Cossacks and a sergeant in every village. -----------------------

96

An incident occurred in Nahchevan on January 1, 1914. Russian soldiers caught five Armenians and hanged them, for they have slaughtered the people of a house and took their money. Again on March 25, 1914 an Armenian gang was captured for plundering the fields and was sent to Siberia to work under heavy conditions. There were 45 Armenians. Another incident occurred on July 13, 1915. Armenians have killed the Russians who were taking food to sell in Peyatigorsk, and burned the food with kerosene. And later the Russians have captured and massacred them in the forests nearby. Vasil Kozneyevic Makuganev From Teodorromanovka Village, Syatukrastovski, Stavropol Province affiliated to 156th Regiment -----------------------

While working they were they were giving the meaty part of the soup to their own soldiers, diluted part to our prisoners. They were beating us with twisted telegraph wires. Captain Kzm Bey, commander of the 1st Battalion of the 96th Regiment, was brought to Sarkam with five wounds on his leg. Feeling distressed upon the Russians treatment he said we should inform our government on the issue. Russians are not taking good care of our officers as we take care of theirs. Upon our officers complaining about the food they were served in Sarkam, only the food served to the officers was reformed, hardly if any at all. We, the soldiers, complained as well. They said: Go to the Germans! They can give you better food! When we were first captured they had taken us to Prnakapan. Russian soldiers; have taken everybodys money, including our officers, and our officers belongings. They have even taken off Osman Effendis boots, first lieutenant of the 7th Company, 96th Regiment. Armenians are killing the Muslims whom they capture in lonely places.

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Armenians have cut the military telephone lines in the Elevey village near Tirebolu and claimed to Russians that the Turks were guilty of it. Nevertheless, the Commander of the 5th Russian Army Corps who was in Hamsiky, not believing this, ordered the surveillance of the lines. At the end it was observed that the Armenians were cutting down the lines, and the criminals were captured. I, hereby, swear that all my words are true. Sergeant akir ---------My escape from Russia My name is Otto Fensher. I am from the 141st Infantry Regiment in Gradons. I was taken prisoner after having been wounded in Eastern Prussia in January 27, 1914. Russians have taken me to a hospital in Obonisk. Six weeks later, having recovered, they have sent me Turkosfu in Siberia. They were paying 10 kapiks for our daily expenditures. We were affected by hunger and cold. When we voiced our complaints, the guards used to retort us by saying German swines should endure everything! These attitudes were giving us more and more pain, and we were losing our patience. Most of my friends were planning to escape. There were 2000 of us in a shed. There was a building for the prisoner officers near our shed. The Austrian prisoners among us were also agreeing our plans of escape. Our first attempt was on April 24, 1915 we headed towards Romania. There were six of us; two German officers, two Austrians, a sergeant major to be promoted an officer, and myself. We arrived in Onkoten on the border. We had to cross a river. We decided the crossing of the officers first. They have crossed the river, and just as we were about to cross the enemy patrols opened fire on us. We had to stop. At last we were caught and punished severely. Most of the time the guards were beating us with whips. We were sent from one prison to another. At last, the revolution in Russia came to our aid like everybodys. Our time for escape had come. We were ready to make use of the first opportunity. Our luck had turned and we had many opportunities to ease our escape. We were in Asizhan on Volga River. Russian administrators made a big favor by allowing us to work in the town and make some money for our expenditures, as we were extremely poor. We did not miss the opportunity. First we met with our fellow countrymen, victims of disaster. Russians had taken a lot of young girls from Eastern Prussia during the occupation and brought them to Russia. We were moved by the help we did for each other. Russians sent 80 of the German and Russian prisoners to work in Tbilisi. I sought for an opportunity to escape. In fact, I had bought the pass and clothes of a Russian who was of a German origin, and claiming to be a Russian soldier I got on a train and came to Sarkam. I witnessed the atrocities committed to Turks by the Armenians for the first time in the Sarkam train station. About 10 Turkish soldiers 98 --------------

were carrying wood. Because of the rain, that rained a day ago, the transporting of wood was not fast enough. An Armenian supervising the Turkish soldiers started to curse the Turks and knocked down a helpless Turk with his club. I came to Karaurgan from Sarkam. This town is 30 km. away from Sarkam. I stayed in Karaurgan for three days. Here, I witnessed the cruel atrocities the Armenians committed to Turks. My host was a Turk. They have told me that the Armenians came to search their house twice a week, took their valuable goods, and beat them for no apparent reason at all. I came to Erzurum from Karaurgan via railroad. I stayed there for a week. Town was in ruins. All of the mosques and the public baths were changed into barns and stables. It was definitely forbidden to Turks to be out in the town after eight oclock in the evening. One night, I witnessed three Armenians annoying a Turkish girl. Upon her cry for help, one of the Armenians taking out his knife stabbed her to death. I ran to a police nearby and told him about the incident. He came to the spot, and upon seeing that she was a Turk, shrugging his shoulders he said: Never mind! She was a Turk, all the Turks should be obliterated. I set on the road to Mamahatun from Erzurum. On the way I met Turkish prisoners breaking rocks. They asked for bread and tobacco. I went to a Turkish store in Mamahatun and bought several boxes of canned food. An Armenian officer came in the shop at that moment, bought 12 boxes of canned food and asked for the price. On learning that they cost 27 rubles, he started cursing and left without paying. Shopkeeper told me about the frequency of these incidents where the Armenians never paid for the goods they took. Couple of days later I set out for Irensun with an automobile. The driver told me about an incident that took place two days ago when the Kurds attacked on an Armenian battalion on the front. Although they pushed them back, the Russians sending of troops to help the Armenians, and the Kurds had to draw back. The Armenians massacred all the women, senior people; children who could not run away in a village nearby; moreover, the Russians plundered the valuable goods in the village. I have enrolled the 153rd Regiment in rensun, and a couple of days later I was assigned to a station at the front. Taking the first opportunity for granted, I fled to the Turkish side. I would like to extend my gratitude once again to the Turkish officers and soldiers for their kind attitudes. Otto Fenscher

Bk. s. / See pp. 391-405

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Erzincanda katledilen ocuklar, kadnlar ve erkekler. The massacred children, women, and men in Erzincan.

Harp Belgeleri Dosyas Numara

Mezraadan1 3 Ocak 1918 3 ubat 1918 Suret

36 nc Kafkas Tmeni Komutanlna 1. 2 ubat 1918 gecesi Erzincandan kamay baaran 40 askerden 7si Mezraaya ve geri kalanlar Fratn gneyindeki kylere snmlardr. fadeleri aada arz olunur: a. Ermeniler, sekiz gnden beri evlerden dar kmay ve bir kyden dier bir kye gitmeyi iddetle yasakladlar. Geceleri ve gndzleri erkekleri toplayarak bilinmeyen bir yere sevk ediyorlar ve bunlar bir daha geri dnmyorlar (Takilise civarnda bulunan harabelerde ldrldkleri, yaral olarak kamay baaranlarn ifadelerinden anlalmtr). Kadn ve ocuklar gz nnde ldryorlar, kilise meydannda ve yaknnda gruplar halinde topluyorlar. Ksaca sekiz gnden beri en ad cinayet ve rezaletler Mslmanlara iddetle uygulanyor. b. Ermenilerin kuvveti: Erzincan ve civarnda Ermenilerin btn kuvvetlerinin mevcudu 3.500den fazla deildir. (500 svari, bu saynn iindedir.) c. Ermenilerin cephanelikleri: Cephanelikler ile 3 da (cebel) topu kilise meydanndadr. Cephaneliin yerini, yani bulunduu binay bilmiyorum. d. Ermenilerin erzaklar: Kalede, nceden Ruslardan kalma erzak vard. imdi kilise meydanna ekiyorlar. Kilise meydannda drt byk ambarda depolanan erzaklar olduu gibi, her evde gayet bol eitli erzak vardr. Ekmeklerini evlerde ve kendi bulunduklar yerlerdeki frnlarda piiriyorlar. Baka hibir tarafta frn almyor (Kilise meydannda depolanan erzak arasnda 2.000 teneke gazya ile byk miktarda eker olduu kesindir). e. Ermenilerin ehir iindeki tertip, hareket ve yerleimleri: Erzincanda 100 kadar Ermeni ailesi vardr. Bunlar Ermeni mahallesinde oturuyorlar. Kilise meydannda daima 200 kadar toplu asker bulunuyor. Mslman mahallelerinde devriye geziyorlar. Her evde (....) bulunmaktadr. 2. Kendi incelemelerim ve grdklerim aada arz olunur: a. Kprler: Kzlyazda Ruslarn yaptklar kpr salamdr. Yalnz piyade ve svarinin geiine uygundur. Bu kprnn 7,5 km dousunda Frat zerinde Apd2 ky civarnda ve Ruslar tarafndan yaplan kpr ar topunun geiine uygun olarak yaplmsa da kpr yaklak 10 gn nce
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Erzincan, Kemah, Alpky, Mezraa. Erzincan, Kemah, Alpky.

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Ermeniler tarafndan yaklmtr (13 metrelik iki gz yanmtr). Bu kprnn 6,5 km dousunda ve ordumuz tarafndan daha nce ina edilmi olan, Berzengn ayr ile Gleta arasndaki kprnn kuzey ve gney taraflarndan birer gz tahrip edilmitir. Bu kpr de snfn (topu, piyade ve svari) geiine uygundur. Bu kprden baka Frat zerinde harp srasnda kpr ina edilmemitir (Acem kprsnden douya doru). b. Kemah Boaz ile ardakl arasndaki kylerin asker isknna yeterlilikleri: Ad Krtbrastik
1

Yeterlilii 2.000

Durumu Ksmen tahrip edilmitir. Ermenilerden Pekerili Kalos komutasnda 15 svari asker vardr. Tahrip olunmam, yerli Ermenilerden 4 piyade askeri vardr. Ksmen tahrip olunmu, bugn 4 Ermeni evi bulunuyor. Ksmen tahrip edilmi, bugn 2 Ermeni ailesi oturuyor. Ksmen tahrip edilmi, oturulmuyor. Ksmen tahrip edilmi, oturulmuyor. Tahrip edilmi, oturulmuyor. Tahrip edilmi, oturulmuyor. Tahrip edilmi, oturulmuyor. Tahrip edilmemi, 80 haneli.

Ekrek2 Selke3 oha4 Silbisi5 Hah

6

100 100 100 50 200

Aa ve Yukar 200 elibli Sibyata7 Gyne

8 9

100 300 2.500

Lardos

c. Hastalklar: Erzincan ve civarnda bulac hastalk yoktur. d. Bu kylerden iae temin edilemez. 3. Toplanacak kuvvet: Bulunduum kyden ve civardan 50 asker toplattrdm. Arz olunan durumdan dolay sratle artrlmas mmkn deildir.
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Erzincan,; Merkez. Erzincan, Merkez. 3 Erzincan, Yeilay. 4 Erzincan, Cevizli. 5 Erzincan, Merkez. 6 Erzincan, Baheli. 7 Erzincan, atalarmut, Elmaky. 8 Erzincan, atalarmut, Gyne. 9 Erzincan, atalarmut, Tandrl

102

4. Kzlyaz ve bunun 5 km dousundaki Berih kynde, 15 kiilik kuvvete ihtiya vardr. Bunlar faaliyetimizi artrmaya hizmet etmekle beraber, geri kanatlarmz ve kyleri de korurlar. 5. Sol kanatla irtibat kurulamad. Sa kanatla da gndzleri, Krtlerle gz irtibat vardr. 6. Ermenilerin fikri: Ordunun ileri hareketinde ehir halkn mahvetmek; tasarladklar bir ynden (Sipikr1 uygun) kamak; bu hale maruz kalmadan nce airet tarafndan kapatlan Sansa Boazn amak; Tercandan gelen takviye birliklerini ieri almak (Takviye birliklerinin varl, gvenilir kesin ifadesiyle). 7. Krtlerle Ermenilerin likileri: Airetler, Frat nehrinin gneyindeki kyleri ve halkn korumakla beraber, sekiz gnden beri Sansada2 Ermenilerle iddetli ve cidd biimde savayorlar (gvenmeye deer gryorum). Gzeler ky, Komrami ve civar kylerde toplanm, silhsz 300 kadar airet mevcuttur. (Henz harbe katlmam Dersim airetlerinin duygu ve dnceleri hakknda edindiim bilgiler arza yeterli deildir). 8. Buradan sivil elbise salanmas mmkn deil, hlihazrda askerler kendi kyafetleriyledir. 9. imdi drt hayvan gnderildi. 50 tfek ve 5.000 cephanenin acele olarak gnderilmesinin salanmas iin emir buyurulmasn arz ederim efendim. Aslna uygundur. Milis Komutan smail Hakk -------------From Mezraa January 3, 1918 February 3, 1918 Copy To the 36 Caucasus Division Command 1. The following are the testimonies of the 40 soldiers who have managed to escape from Erzincan in the night of February 2/3, 1918 to the
1 2

---------War Documents File Number

th

Gmhane, Kelkit, Gzyurdu. Erzincan, zml, Tanyeri.

103

villages in the southern sector of the Euphrates River (7 of whom took shelter in the Mezraa): a. Armenians have strictly forbidden the leaving of the houses and traveling from one village to another for the last eight days. They are gathering men day and night and sending them to an unknown place never to come back (this has become evident from the testimonies of the wounded people who ran away from among the dead in the ruins around Takilise). Although they are killing women and children openly, they are gathering them in groups in the church square. In brief, the most vulgar murders and outrageous acts are being committed upon the Muslims. b. Armenian forces: The Armenians have not more than 3.500 men in and around Erzincan (500 cavalrymen are included in the total). c. Armenian ammunition depots: The ammunition and three howitzers are in the church square. I do not know where the ammunition depot, I mean the building used as the ammunition depot, is. d. Armenians supplies: There were some provisions in the fort, left previously by the Russians. They were bringing them to the church square nowadays. They have four large depots in the church square full of provisions; moreover, every house has large quantities of provisions of various kinds. They are making their own bread in their own houses and in the kilns in their own places. There are no other kilns working in the town (it is highly possible that there are 2.000 cans of kerosene and large quantities of sugar among the provisions kept in the depots in the church square). e. The disposition, activities, and the positions of the Armenians in the city: There are some 100 Armenian families living in Erzincan. They are living in the Armenian district of the city. There is a group of 200 soldiers in the church square always. They are patrolling the Muslim districts. There are () in every house. 2. I here by present my own investigations and experiences: a. Bridges: The bridge the Russians constructed in Kzlyaz is still strong. It is only suitable for the passage of the infantry and the cavalry. Although there is another bridge, suitable for the passage of the heavy artillery, constructed by the Russians, 7.5 km. in the east of the mentioned bridge, on the Euphrates near Alpd village, the bridge was set afire by the Armenians 10 days ago (two parts of 13 m. were burned completely). The bridge that was constructed by our army at a 6.5 km. distance from this bridge between Berzengn ayr and Gleta has been partly damaged on the northern and southern parts. This bridge is also suitable for the passage of three classes (artillery, infantry, and cavalry). Other than these three bridges no other bridge was constructed on the Euprates during the war (eastwards from the Acem Bridge). b. The appropriateness of the villages between Kemah Strait and ardakl for settlement: 104

Name Krtbrastik Ekrek Selke oha Silbisi Hah

Capacity 2.000 100 100 100 50 200

Condition Partly destroyed. There 15 cavalrymen under the command of Kalos from Pekeri. Not destroyed. There are 4 local Armenian soldiers. Partly destroyed, there are 4 Armenian houses today. Partly destroyed, there are 2 Armenian families living there. Partly destroyed, uninhabited. Partly destroyed, uninhabited. Destroyed, uninhabited. Destroyed, uninhabited. Destroyed, uninhabited. Not destroyed, there are 80 houses.

Aa ve Yukar 200 elibli Sibyata Gyne Lardos 100 300 2.500

c. Diseases: There are no epidemics in or around Erzincan. d. No provisions may be obtained from those villages. 3. The Number of forces to be gathered: I have gathered 50 men from the village where I am and from its environs. This number cannot be increased in a short period due to the circumstances I have presented above. 4. A force of 15 men is needed in Kzlyaz and in the Berih village located at a distance of 5 km. in the east. They may help us in increasing our activities; and protect our rear flanks as well as the villages. 5. No connection could have been established with the left flank. There is visual-contact with the Kurds during the day. 6. Armenians ideas: Should the army advance they are to annihilate the townspeople and to run away through a passage they have planned (Sipikr is appropriate), and prior to this they are aiming at opening the Sansa Strait that was closed by a clan, and to take the reinforcements coming from Tercan into the city (the existence of the reinforcements has been expressed in a decisive manner). 7. The relations between the Kurds and the Armenians: While the clans are protecting the villages and the villagers in the southern sector of the Euphrates they are also fighting severely and decisively with the 105

Armenians in Sansa (I found them reliable). There are some 300 unarmed clans gathered in Gzeler village, Komrami, and their environs. (I do not have adequate and reliable information on the ideas and the feelings of the Dersim clans who have not joined the war yet.) 8. It is impossible to provide civilian clothes here; today the soldiers are in their uniforms. 9. Four livestocks have been sent now. I here by request the issuing of orders for the sending of 50 rifles and 5.000 ammunitions urgently, sir. In unison with the original. Militia Commander smail Hakk

Bk. s. / See pp. 407-412

106

k: Savunma Bakanl 3572 20 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna 18 Ocak 1918 tarih ve 369 numaral ifreye Ektir. Bakomutan Vekili tarafndan Brest-Litowskta zzet Paaya yazlan telgrafn sureti aada arz olunur. 19 Ocak 1918 Genel Karargh 1 nci ube Mdr Yarbay Feldman Suret Brest-Litowskta zzet Paaya Aadaki konuyu gndeme getirmenizi rica ederim. 1. Ermeniler, Rus cephesi gerisinde Mslman halka kar devaml zulmediyorlar ve yanl iler yapyorlar. 2. Tiflis civarndaki kuvvetli Ermeni ve Grc birliklerinin, bir btn halinde tekil edilmekte olduu hakknda, belgelere dayal bilgiler mevcuttur. Bununla beraber Ruslarla bar yapldktan sonra Ermeni ve Grclerin Rus mevzilerini igal ederek her taraftan bize kar dmanca hareketlerde bulunacaklarna artk phe yoktur. Oysa atekes artlar, belirli ara izgisi ile bizi ve halkmz korumaktan, bu yeni tekiltn bir harp gc haline gelmeden nce taarruz edilerek datmasn engelliyor. Ermeni ve Grclerin u ete hareketlerine bir son vermek ve atekese katlm olan devletlere kar, dmanca fikirler besleyen bu gibi oluumlarn atekes srasnda tekil edilmemesine almak, dnceme gre Rus hkmetinin grevidir. Bu konudaki grlerini almak zere meseleyi Rus temsilcilerine ulatrmanz ve eer kendi askerleriyle bu ktlkleri ve bu yeni tekilt nleyecek durumda deillerse, cephemizde geni lde serbeste hareket etme izni istemek zorunda bulunduumuzu ilave etmenizi rica ederim. zellikle iki taraf da olduklar yerde kalmaya mecbur iken Ruslarn kendi birliklerini geri ekmeleriyle, cephe gerisinde bize kar yeni bir dman gc 107 ifre zm

tekil edilmesi atekes artlarnn ruhuna uymaz. sonucundan acele olarak bilgi vermenizi rica ederim. Mustafa Nadir

Teebbslerinizin

Bakomutan Vekili Enver

---------From: Ministry of Defense Decoding 3572 20

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To: 3rd Army Command In attachment to the code dated January 18, 1918 and numbered 369. Attached is the copy of the telegram to zzet Pasha in Brest-Litowsk by His Excellencies Vice Commander-in-Chief. January 19, 1918 General Headquarters Director of the 1st Division Lt.Col. Feldman Copy To: zzet Pasha in Brest-Litowsk I request your bringing the following issue to agenda. 1. Armenians are continuously are doing wrong in performing despicable atrocities towards the Muslims in the rear echelons of the Russian front. 2. There are documents proving that the strong Armenian and Georgian units around Tbilisi are being gathered together as a whole. Moreover, after the signing of the peace treaty with the Russians, there is no doubt that the Armenians and the Georgians will engage in hostile activities against us from all sides by occupying the Russian positions. However, on one side while the terms of the ceasefire agreement only secures the 108

welfare of our people, it keeps us away from launching a pre-emptive attack on those forces before they emerge as an organized fighting power. I believe, the preventing of the emergence of such organizations breeding hostility, and terminating the activities of the Armenian and Georgian gangs during the ceasefire resides only in the power of the Russian government in front of the states that have participated the ceasefire. Therefore, I request your conveying our desire, that we have no other choice but to ask for permission to act freely on a larger area if the Russians are not capable of putting an end to those atrocities and organizations with their own military power, to Russian delegates. At a time when both sides are to maintain their positions as stated in the ceasefire agreement, and while they are withdrawing their own forces, leaving a hostile force behind the front lines is totally against the spirit of the terms of ceasefire. I urge you to inform me on the results of your accomplishments. Mustafa Nadir Deputy Commander-in-Chief Enver

Bk. s. / See pp. 413-416

109

13 ubat 1918de Erzincanda Hac Mtak Efendinin evinde katledilen ocuklar ve aile bireyleri. The massacred children and the family members of Hac Mtak Effendi. Erzincan, February 13, 1918.

3 nc Ordu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube 1 nci Ksm Numara ifre 532 Bakomutanla kinci Ordu Komutanlna

Ordu Kararghndan 21 Ocak 1918

1. Bir hafta nce Kemah cephesinden Erzincana gnderilen ve geri dnen kiinin ifadelerinin zeti aada arz olunur: 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu, 4 nc Trkistan Tmen Kararghlar 13 Ocak 1918 tarihinde Erzincandan Erzuruma hareket etmilerdir. Erzincanda ara muhafz olarak bulunan ve henz nakledilmeyen yalnz 150 Rus askeri kalmtr. Erzincanda asker ve babozuk kyafetli, gen, ihtiyar 1.000 kadar Ermeni gnlls grlmtr. Bunlar Tanak reislerinden Marat tarafndan idare edilmektedir. Erzincanda Ermeniler arasnda Grc yoktur. Ermenilerin dzenli bir tekilata sahip olup olmadklar anlalamamtr. Erzincanda, kilise meydannda 3 da topu grlmtr. Ermeniler tarafndan Mslmanlara kar gizlice yrtlen katliamlar ve yamalarn yan sra, rza tecavzler de yaplmaktadr. Ermeniler, yaknda Amerikadan 20.000 Ermeni gnllsyle beraber, Ermeni Hkmeti adna baslm ok miktarda nakit parann Erzincana geleceini herkese duyurmaktadrlar. Ruslar tarafndan nceden hastane olarak kullanlan Ermenilere ait byk bir bina, tahliye esnasnda Ruslar tarafndan yaklmtr. Ruslar Erzurumda nakletmekte imiler. bulunan birliklerini peyderpey Kafkasyaya

2. Yaklak bir hafta nce, bir Ermeni etesince Ardasann1 3 km gneybatsndaki Mslman Foska2 kynn baslarak evlerin yakld, mallarn yamaland ve Mslman kadnlara tecavz edildii; Erzincann 18 km gneydousundaki Zekgen kynn ve orada yaayanlarn da ayn akbete uradklar renilmitir. 3. Birinci ve ikinci maddelerde anlatlan mezalimi bildirerek, Rus Kafkas Ordusu Komutan General Odeshelitze ve Rus Kafkas Ordular
1 2

Gmhane, Torul. Gmhane, Torul.

111

Bakomutan General Perjevalskiye bunun nlenmesi ve bu mezalimi yapanlarn cezalandrlmasn yazdm arz ederim. ifre Edildi 22 Ocak (mza)

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3rd Army Command Staff Office

From Army Headquarters January 21, 1918

1st Division 1st Section Number Code 532 To: The Office of Commander-in-Chief The 2nd Army Command 1. The following are the summaries of the testimonies of the three people who were sent to Erzincan from Kemah a week ago: The Headquarters of the 1st Caucasian Corps 4th Turkestan Division have departed to Erzurum from Erzincan on January 13, 1918. There are only 150 Russian soldiers who could not have been transported yet; they are guarding the vehicles. Some 1.000 soldiers, young and elderly Armenian volunteers in irregular uniforms have been observed in Erzincan. They are under the command of Marat, one of the Daschnak leaders. There are no Georgians among the Armenians in Erzincan. Whether the Armenians have an orderly organization or not could not have been determined. Three howitzers have been observed in the church square in Erzincan. Other than the massacres, and pillaging and plundering committed by the Armenians the rapes are still being committed to the Muslim population. Armenians are publicly declaring that some 20.000 Armenian volunteers will be coming shortly from America to Erzincan along with a large amount of money printed in the name of the Armenian Government. The Russians set the large building that was formerly used as a hospital by them to fire during their withdrawal. We have been informed that the Russians are gradually withdrawing their units from Erzurum to Caucasus region. 112

2. It has also been heard that an Armenian gang had raided the Muslim Foska village, situated at a distance of three kilometers in the southeast of Ardasa, set the houses afire, plundered the houses, and raped the Muslim women; the people of the Zekgen village, 18 kilometers in the southeast of Erzincan, have met the same end. 3. I hereby would like to declare that I have informed the Commander of the Russian Caucasus Army General Odichelidze, and the Commanderin-Chief of the Russian Caucasus Armies General Perjevaliski on the atrocities listed above, asking for the punishment of the guilty and prevention of such incidents. Coded January 22 (Signed)

Bk. s. / See pp. 417-419

113

ifre zm Refahiye 564/100 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna 1. eitli tarihlerdeki muharebelerde esir den eitli birliklere mensup erle iki babozuk 20 Ocak 1918 gn Mezekler deresi istikametiyle, Hnzoruda1 bulunan 36 nc Tmen ileri karakollarna snmlardr. Bunlar, 18 Ocak 1918 gn Erzincandan kmlar ve da yolu ile bu tarafa geebilmilerdir. 2. Sz konusu kiilerin 36 nc Tmen tarafndan yaplan sorgulamalarnda alnan ifadelerinin Erzincanla ilgili ksmlar, haber toplayclarmzn 21 Ocak 1928 tarih ve 56 numara ile arz edilen ifadelerini dorulamaktadr. 3. Erzincanda Ermenilerin Mslman halka kar yaptklar mezalim hakknda bu kiilerin ahit olduklar ve bildikleri olaylar aadadr: a. Ermeniler, aslen Zazalar2 halkndan olup Erzincanda oturan Kara Mehmetin olu ile drt arkadan gecenin birinde -tarihi bilemiyorlarhaha deirmeninde paralamlardr. b. Erzincann Karakilise kynden olup Erzincanda oturan Dursun Aa, izin alarak, srlarnn altna sermek zere bir gbre deposundan arabasyla gbre alrken, be kk apl Rus piyade tfei ortaya km ve oradan geen Rus devriyeleri tarafndan ad geen kii tfek almakla sulanm ve tutuklanmtr. c. Erzincanda Demirciler civarnda Ermeniler, Krt Mehmet Aa adnda bir babozua saldrmlardr. Ayn yerde oturmakta olan ismini bilmedikleri bir Mslman kadn da zorla alp gtrmlerdir. d. Hangi mahallede oturduunu bilmedikleri Belediye Ktibi Mehmet Efendiyi esir alarak, Erzincandan alp bilinmeyen bir yere gtrmlerdir. Mehmet Efendinin annesini, eini ve drt yandaki ocuunu paralamlardr. 10 gn nce, 10 kadar Krtn bulunduu Cencige3 kyne gelen Ermeni gnllleri, ky basmlar ve burada akama kadar arpmlardr. Bu arpmada Ermenilerden dokuzu lmtr. 5. Ermeniler, elde edeceklerine inandklar bamszlklar iin, bu sralar Dersim Krtlerine her hususta yardm etmektedirler. Krtler tarafndan kendilerine yaplan saldrlar da Krtlere ml etmeyerek, Trklere yklemektedirler.
1 2 3

Erzincan, Kemah, Doanbeyli, Akbudak Erzincan, atalarmut, Balta. Erzincan, alayan.

115

6. Sz konusu kiilerin Kolordu Kararghna gelilerinden sonra alnacak ifadelerinden, kayda deer olan maddeler ayrca arz edilecektir. 7. bu ifre Birinci ubeden 62 numara ile yazlmtr. 22 Ocak 1918 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Vekili Rt 1 nci ube 23 Ocak 1918 Paa Hazretleri gelinceye kadar toplanalm. Bugn Rus Komutanna yazarz.

Raporun tarihi 25-26 Ocak 1918 Mlteci askerlerden birisi, Polathane1 ile Yeros burnu2 arasnda Ermeniler tarafndan soyulmutur. 20 gn nce Ermeniler, avulunun3 7,5 km gneyindeki Krkl4 ky ile haritada ismi olmayan ve Grelenin dousunda Filtirolu (?) ile Geli arasnda bulunan Aralkos5 adndaki ky basm ve yamalamlardr. 10 gn nce iki Rus askeri Yeros burnunun 5 km gneyindeki Yenikyn Muhtar Salihi ehit etmilerdir.

---------Decipher Refahiye 564/100 To: 3rd Army Command

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1. Three orderly soldiers and two irregulars of different units, who had fallen captive during the battles that took place on various dates, have taken refuge in the forward stations of the 36th Division positioned in Hanzori via

1 2

Trabzon, Akaabat. Trabzon, Fener burnu. 3 Giresun, Grele, avulu. 4 Giresun, Grele, Krkl. 5 Giresun, Grele, Aralkoz.

116

Mezekler Creek. They left Erzincan on January 18, 1918 and took the mountain paths to cross over this side. 2. Their testimonies, taken by the 36th Division, on Erzincan confirm our messengers depositions recorded on January 21, 1918, with number 56. 3. The atrocities committed to Muslims by the Armenians in Erzincan those soldiers have witnessed are as follows: a. One night Kara Mehmets son, who originally happens to be a member of the Zazalar, and his four friends were taken to poppy mill and pulled to pieces there (they cannot remember the date). b. Dursun Agha, originally from Karakilise Ky, who happens to be living in Erzincan, takes permission to take manure to lay under his cattle from a manure depot, while he was taking manure he comes across a couple of small caliber Russian infantry rifles, and upon being seen by the Russian patrols he was condemned for stealing the rifles and was imprisoned. c. Armenians have attacked Kurd Mehmet Agha, an irregular, around Demirciler, Erzincan. They have also abducted a Muslim woman, whose name is not known, by force. d. Although they have taken Mehmet Effendi captive, the former clerk of the municipality, and took him from Erzincan to an unknown place and they have slaughtered his mother, his wife, and four-year-old child. 10 days ago, Armenian volunteers have attacked Cencige village where some 10 Kurds were living, the clashes lasted all day long. Nine of the Armenians were killed during the clashes. 5. Armenians, in order to find support for the independence they longed for, are helping by all means to the Kurds in Dersim, and they even blame the Turks for the atrocities committed by the Kurds to the Armenians. 6. Other information to be obtained from the interrogations of the above mentioned soldiers at the Corps Headquarters will later be presented. 7. This code is written by the 1st Division, under number 62 January 22, 1918 1st Caucasus Corps Deputy Commander Rt

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1st Division January 23, 1918 Lets meet before His Excellencies the Pasha comes. We shall write to the Russian commander today. Date of the Report: January 25-26, 1918 One of the refugee soldiers was robbed by the Armenians between Polathane and Yeros Cape. 20 days ago the Armenians have attacked and pillaged a Aralkos village, not seen in the maps, between Filtirolu (?) and Geli in the east of Grele, and the Krkl village which is located at a distance of 7.5 kilometers to the south of avulu. 10 days ago two Russian soldiers have martyred Salih, the mukhtar of Yeniky which is located 5 km to the south of Yeros Cape.

Bk. s. / See pp. 421-424

118

3 nc Ordu Komutanlna 1. Esaretten firar eden bir er ile aileleri ve Ordu kazasnda gmen olarak bulunan iki ocuk, 37 nci Kafkas Tmeni 109 ncu Alay cephesine 21 Ocak 1918de iltica etmilerdir. Dmann durumuna dair bu kiiden alnan bilgilerin zeti aada arz edilmitir: a) Ruslar, alt yedi ay nce Kalenma deresinin dousundaki Karaabdala kadar devam eden bir hatt salamlatrmlar ve bu hatt sra tel rg ile korumaya almlardr. Grelede 2 piyade taburu ile 6 da (cebel) topu varm. Son bir ay iinde Greleye 10 posta vapuru gelmi, asker, erzak ve malzeme alp geri dnmtr. b) Grclerle Ermeniler arasnda geici bir anlama vardr. Grcler, tekilatlarn kurmaya almaktadrlar. Silh ok para ediyormu. Bir Osmanl mavzeri 2.000 Manata, bir fiek 5 Manata kadar satlyormu. Osmanllar eski snrlar muhafaza ile yetinirlerse, Grclerin hibir teebbste bulunmayacaklar, hududu gemek isterlerse o zaman her neye mal olursa olsun kendilerini savunacaklar sylentileri dolamaktadr. c) Ruslarn boalttklar blgelerde emniyet ve asayi tamamen bozulmutur. Snan erlerden birisi Polathane ile Yeros burnu arasnda Ermeniler tarafndan soyulmutur. Ermeniler, 20 gn boyunca avulunun 7.5 km gneyindeki Krkl ky ile haritada ismi olmayan ve Grelenin dousunda Filtirolu (?) ile Geli arasnda Aralkos adyla anlan bir ky basmlar ve yamalamlardr. On gn nce iki Rus askeri Yeros burnunun 5 km gneyindeki Yenikyn Muhtar Salihi ehit etmilerdir. Bu srada muhtarn yeeninin karlk vermesi zerine Rus askerleri atlar brakarak kamlardr. Bu atlar, Grele Direni Komutan akr avu almtr. Ertesi gn Ermeni olduklar anlalan 40 kiilik bir Rus mfrezesi tekrar Greleye gelerek Grele Trk direniileriyle arpmlar ve arpma sonunda Trk Direni Reisi akr avu kolundan yaralanrken, Ruslardan drt er yaralanm, bir er de lmtr. Bu Rus kuvvetinin Greleye dnnde, izinsiz olarak kyllerle arptklarndan dolay Rus Komutan eteyi azarlam ve o gn Greleye gelen iki buharl gemiye bindirerek Trabzona gndermitir. 2. Esaretten kaarak 20 Ocak 1918 de 37 nci Tmen 11 nci Alay Cephesine snan erimizin ifadelerinin zeti ise aada arz olunmutur. a) Zigana zerinden aarken, Ardasann yaklp yama edildiini duymular ve ok sayda tfek ve bomba sesleri iitmilerdir. b) Ermeni ve Grcler Trabzondan Batuma gnderilmekteymiler. c) Yaklak bir hafta nce Ruslar, Trabzonda i dzeni salamak iin Trk, Rum ve Acemlerden oluacak bir jandarma tekiline balamlardr.

119

d) Sevkyat iin son zamanlarda Trabzona be tabur gelmeye balamtr. 3. Bu telgraf 25 Ocak 1918 tarih ve 245 numara ile 1 nci ubeden yazlmtr. Gelii 25-26 Ocak 1918 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan evki

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To: 3rd Army Command 1. A soldier who escaped from captivity, and two children, whose families are immigrants in Ordu province, have taken shelter in the 109th Regiment of the 37th Caucasian Division on January 21, 1918. The summary of the information obtained from them pertaining to the enemys positions is as follows. a) Russians have fortified the line extending up to Karaabdal on the east of Kalemena Creek and reinforced the line with three rows of fence some six or seven months ago. It is said that there are two battalions and six howitzers in Grele. It has also been said that 10 cargo ships anchored in Grele and picked up soldiers, provisions, and equipment during the last month. b) There is a temporary agreement between the Armenians and the Georgians. Georgians are trying to restructure their organizations. It is said that weapons worth high value. An Ottoman Mauser rifle cost 2.000 Manat, and a cartridge cost 5 Manats. It has been declared that the Georgians will not take any action against us as long as the Ottomans keep to their former borders; otherwise, they were determined to defend themselves no matter what it would cost. c) Complete order has been established in the region evacuated by the Russians. One of the refugee soldiers was robbed by the Armenians somewhere between Polathane and Yeros Cape. They have been pillaging and plundering the Krkl village, 7.5 kilometers to the south of avulu, and the Aralkos village, not seen on the maps, which is located between Filtirolu (?) and Geli for the last 20 days. Ten days ago, two Russian soldiers have martyred Salih, the mukhtar of Yeniky which is situated five kilometers to the south of Yeros Cape. Upon mukhtar nephews retaliating them Russian soldiers ran away leaving their horses in the back. The Grele Resistance Forces Commander, akr avu, took the horses. Next day, a 120

Russian detachment of 40, which later was understood to be composed of Armenians, came back to Grele and fought with the Grele Turkish forces, and the end of the firing the Leader of the Turkish Resistance, akr avu, was wounded on the arm and four Russian soldier were wounded and lost a soldier. Upon this gangs return to Grele the Russian commander reprimanded them for engaging in a gunfight with the villagers and sent them to Trabzon with the two steamboats that came to Grele same day. 2. Following is the summary of the testimonies of our three soldiers who have taken refuge in the 11th Regiment, at the front, affiliated to the 37th Division, on January 20, 1918. a) While they were crossing over Zigana they have heard that Ardasa was pillaged and set to fire and they have also heard rifle and bomb shots over a distance. b) Armenians and Georgians were being sent to Batum via Trabzon. c) Russians started to organize a gendarmerie force composed of Turks, Romaic people, and Caucasians to set order and peace in Trabzon a week ago. d) Recently, four-five battalions arriving Trabzon for transportation. 3. This telegram numbered 245 was written on January 25, 1918, by the 1st Division. Received on January 25-26, 1918 Commander of the 2nd Caucasian Corps evki

Bk. s. / See pp. 425-429

121

Erzincanda Harbiye Klasyla Geit yolu zerinde katledilen ocuklar. Children massacred on the road between Harbiye Barracks and Geit, Erzincan.

ifre zm 803 aceledir

Gelii: Saat 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna

Refahiye 30 Ocak 1918 31 Ocak 1918 01:45

36 nc Tmen Komutanlndan Erzincan ve evresindeki durum hakknda 30/01/1918 saat 23.30da aldm raporu aynen sunuyorum. Bu rapora ve bugn Kemaha gelen sekiz kylnn ifadelerine gre, Ermenilerin Erzincanda serbeste, diledikleri gibi faaliyete getikleri kanaati olumutur. Atekes anlamasn bozmu olmamak iin, izin almadan asker gndermek suretiyle yardm edilmesini uygun bulmadm. Yalnz bu iki kylye, iki silh ve bir miktar cephane verdirdim. Uygun grld takdirde, kyl kyafetine girmi iki zel grevlinin sevk edilmesi iin gerekli iznin verilmesi arz olunur. 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Kzm Karabekir

Suret 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutanlna Erzincanda rdkendi ky Muhtar smail olu Feyzi ile Gzeler1 ky Muhtar Mustafa olu Halil Efendi, atl olarak Kemaha geldiler. Bunlarn verdikleri ifadeler aadadr: Daha nce elde edilen bilgileri doruladktan sonra unlar sylediler: Erzincanda iki gnden beri Ermeniler Mslmanlar katlediyorlar. Kaplarn kramadklar evlere bomba atyorlar. Evleri gaz ya dkerek yakyorlar. Yeni Camiye bugn yedi tane bomba atlm. Erzincanda bulunan Ermenilerin saysnn 500den fazla olmad tahmin ediliyor. Mamahatunda toplanm 2.000 kadar Ermeni ile Erzurum-Erzincan arasn kesen Krtler arasnda iddetli atmalar oluyor. Mamahatun ynnden top sesleri iitiliyor. Ermenilerin, Erzincanda bulunan toptan baka Harbiye Klasnda da iki toplar bulunuyormu. Cebice Boaznda, Kelek Kynde 500 ve Plmrde2 700 Krt varm. Krt Muhsin Aann olu 80 kii ile Sipikr Cephesinde bulunmaktadr. Erzincanda yalnz gze grnm erkekler kalabilmitir.
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Erzincan, Gzeler. Tunceli, Plmr.

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Kadn ve ocuklarn durumu belli deildir. Kamak isteyen Ermeni ete reisi Marat ve yandalarnn, yalnz Kemah Boaz ve ardakl yoluyla kaabileceklerini, dier yollarn ise tamamen sarl olduunu sylyorlar. Kemah-Erzincan yolundan snf geebilir. Ancak kprlerin korunmas arttr. gn nce Ermeniler, Ruslar tarafndan Prastik1 karsnda yaplm olan kpry yakmlardr. Acele bir miktar kuvvet gelemezse, btn kyleri ve kprleri yakma ihtimalleri ok yksektir. Bize 60 kadar asker veya 100 kadar silh ve yeteri kadar asker verirseniz, Erzincann batsnda bir saatlik mesafeden itibaren btn kyleri kurtarm olacaksnz. Btn ocuklar, kadnlar ordudan yardm bekliyorlar. Eer yardm gelmezse hepimizi paralayacaklar, diyorlar ve bu yardm drt gzle bekliyorlar. Ben bunlara 60 kadar silh ve yeteri kadar cephane vermek taraftarym. Daha sonra bu silhlar toplayacam. Toplayamazsam btn sorumluluu ben stleneceim. Emirlerinizi bekliyorum. 31 Ocak 1918 Saat: 02:30 36 nc Kafkas Tmeni Komutan Vekili Yarbay Recep ---------Deciphered 803 Urgent -------------Refahiye 30 January 1918 Received: 31 January 1918 At : 01:45 To: 3rd Army Headquarters I here by present the report, as it is, I have received from the 36th Division Headquarters, on 30/01/1918, at 23:30, pertaining to the situation in Erzincan and its environs. Under the light of this report and the testimonies of the eight villagers who came to Kemah today it has been concluded that the Armenians in Erzincan have been acting freely, and that they have been indulged in various activities. In order not to break the cease-fire, I did not find it convenient to send troops without permission. However, I have ordered of giving two guns and some ammunition to those villagers. Should you find it appropriate, I would like to send two or three irregulars disguised as villagers to the area prior to your approvals. Commander of the 1st Caucasus Army Corps Kzm Karabekir
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Erzincan, Kemah, Alpky, Esimli.

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Copy To: 1 Caucasus Army Corps Headquarters The mukhtar of rdekendi village, smail s son Feyzi, and the mukhtar of Gzeler village, Halil Efendis son, has just arrived in Kemah, Erzincan, on horseback. Their testimonies are as follows: Aside from corroborating the previous information, the Armenians have been murdering the Muslims in Erzincan. They are bombing and setting the houses afire, of which they cannot get in, with kerosene. Seven bombs have been thrown in the Yenicami today. It is estimated that there are no more than 500 Armenians in Erzincan. There is severe fighting between the 2.000 Armenians who gathered in Mamahatun, and the Kurds who blockaded the road between Erzincan and Erzurum. Gunfire can be heard from the Mamahatun Front. It has been claimed that the Armenians have two more guns in Harbiye Barracks aside from the three in Erzincan. It has been claimed that there are 500 Kurds in Kelek village, and 700 Kurds in Plmr, in the Cebeci Pass. The son of Kurd Muhsin Agha is situated at the Sepikr Front with 80 men. Only the captivated men have stayed in Erzincan. The states of women and children are not known. They are also claiming that Marat Pasha and his followers are trying to run away via Kemah strait and ardakl road, for all directions have been blockaded thoroughly. Three units can pass from Kemah-Erzincan road. However, the bridges must be protected. Armenians have set the bridge, constructed by the Russians across Prastik, afire three days ago. There is a very high probability of their burning down the villages and the bridges unless some armed forces arrive soon. Should you give us 60 soldiers, or 100 weapons and sufficient number of soldiers, we will be able to defend all of the bridges in the west that are at an hours distance to Erzincan. All of the women and children are expecting help from the army. Otherwise, they claim, we will all be torn apart. And they want help whole-heartedly. I would like to give 60 weapons and a sufficient amount of ammunition to their use. I will later collect those weapons. If I cannot collect them, I am willing to take all the responsibility. I am waiting for your orders. 31 January 1918 At: 02:30 Deputy Commander of the 36th Caucasus Division Lt. Colonel Recep
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Bk. s. / See pp. 431-434

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3 nc Ordu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube 1 nci Ksm Bakomutanla ifre 7

Ordu Karargh 2 ubat 1918

Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakomutan General Perjavalski ile Rus Kafkas Ordusu Komutan General Odeshelitzeye yazdm Ermeni mezalimine dair renmi olduum olaylar ieren, mektuplarn bir suretini aynen bilgi iin arz ediyorum. 2 ubat 1918 Harekt 777 3 nc Ordu Komutan Korgeneral Vehip Mehmet Kapatld 2-3 ubat 1918

---------Genel Karargh 319

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---------11-12 ubat 1918

3 nc Ordu Komutan Vehip Paaya General Odeshelitzeye tarafnzdan yaplacak teblilere ek olarak, unu da tebli ediniz. Gvencenize ramen Ermenilerin Mslmanlara kar devam edegelmekte olan alaklklarna son vermek zere, ordumla ilerliyorum. Enver Cevap Bakomutanla General Odeshelitzeye yazdm telsiz telgrafn suretini tarih ve numara ile arz etmitim. Cevap olarak aldm telsiz telgraf suretinin tercmesi aynen aada arz edilmitir. 127

Kafkas Cephesi Osmanl Ordular Komutan Korgeneral Vehip Mehmet Paaya 31 Ocak 1918 tarih ve 15195 numaral telgrafa Ektir. Albay Morelin Erzincan olaylarna dair yapt aratrmalara dayanarak verdii son rapora gre, size gelen bilgilerin abartl olduunu aada arz etmekten eref duyarm. rnein, Erzincandan 650 Mslmann gtrlmesi ve Vahit Beyin konanda 1500 kiinin, ayn ekilde bir kla ile eve kadn ve oluk ocuun doldurulup yaklmasyla, 1000 kadar evin yaklmas kesinlikle geree uymamaktadr. Bu olaylar Erzincanda olmamtr. 15-16 Ocak olaylar kabul edilemez. Fakat Albay Morelin ahsnza sunduu kayplardan fazla bir ey yoktur. Bundan baka Zekgen ky yaklmtr. Buna dair rapor aldm. Gayet tarafsz grm bu ii aratrarak tekrar arz ederim ki, benim iin znt verici olan Erzincan olaynn balcasn Krtlerin ve ounlukla da Trklerin asker ve nakliyata saldrlar tekil etmekte ve buna karlk gerekli tedbirler alnmaktadr. Krtlerin hayduta saldrlarnn ne derecelere ulatn aadaki olay pek gzel ispat eder: Ocak ay banda, tarafmdan Erzincana albay rtbesinde bir asker mhendis gnderildi. Yolda giderken Fratn sol kysndan geen Krtler, sz konusu kiiyi rlplak soyduktan sonra salvermiler. Yukardaki arz ettiklerim 12 ubat 1918 tarih ve 1020 numaral telgraf ile alnaca bildirilen olaanst tedbirlerin bir ihtiya ve bunun iin temel sebepler olmadn ahsnza arz etmeme hak vermektedir. Her ne sebeple olursa olsun savan balangcndan beri her iki tarafn oka dkt kan durdurmak, samimi arzusuyla btn dncelerimin; ruhen ypranm olan milletlerimizi, yakn gelecekte her iki taraf iin erefli bir bara ulatracak olan iyi ilikilerin kurulmasna ynelik olduuna inanlmasn rica ederim. Bundan dolay ordularmz arasnda kabul edilmi atekesin bozulmasn arzu etmediimden, ahsnzdan iyi ilikilerin korunmas adna 12 ubat 1918 tarih ve 1020 numaral telgrafn ieriinin uygulamaya konulmamas ve ayet bu konuda olaanst bir durum meydana geliyorsa, bu gibi tedbirlerin hangi ynde ve nerede alnmasnn kanlmaz bir gereklilik olduunun bildirilmesine izin verilmesini rica ederim. Osmanl Mslmanlarnn hayat, namus ve mallarnn korunmas hususunu dikkate alarak, ahsnzn yasal isteklerine belki itiraza deer bulmam. Ayrca namus ve vicdan unutarak kendi halinde yaayan Osmanl Mslmanlarna saldrgan ellerini kaldrmaa cesaret edenleri gerek tek bana olsun, gerekse dierleri olsun bakalarna ibret olmak zere cezalandrrm. Bununla beraber askerime kar hayduta saldrlarn nlenmesi bakmndan Krtler zerinde kuvvetli bir etkide bulunmanz arz ve istirham ederim. Eminim ki, bu artlar altnda yakn bir gelecekte en sk komuluk ilikilerini kurmakta baarl olacaz. En derin sayglarmn kabul 128

ve bununla beraber igal edilmi topraklarda bulunan Osmanl halkna kar en parlak iyilikseverlik duygularyla dolu bulunduuma inanlmasn arz ve istirham eylerim. Numara / 15202 1 ubat 1918 Odeshelitze

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---------15 ubat 1918

Rus Kafkas Ordu Komutan General Lyotnan Odeshelitzeye 1 ubat 1918 tarihli ve 15202 numaral telgrafnz aldm. Rus komuta heyetlerinin kurtuluu adna, Ruslar ile Osmanllar arasnda sarslmaz bir dostluun devamndaki ykselen arzuya yeni bir delil olan yazlarnzdan dolay pek derin teekkrlerimi ve minnetlerimi ahsnza tekrar arz ve gndermeme izin vermenizi rica ederim. Erzincanda Ermeni haydutlar tarafndan yaplm ve yrtlm olan mezalimin grntsn ve boyutunu grdkten sonra 13 ubat 1918 tarih ve 1021 numaral telgrafta arz ettiim maddelere uygun olmayan ksmlar aynen ahsnza yazmayacama inanmanz dilerim. Yine sz konusu telgrafta bahsettiim gibi bu hareketin Rus ordusuna ve hkmetine kar husumetin ortaya kmas ve dmanlk boyutunda anlalmamasn, Rus ordu birlikleri ve askerleriyle kesinlikle arplmayarak, rastlanlmas halinde son derece dosta ve bar davran iinde olunmas hakknda, emrim altndaki komutanlara kesin ekilde emir verdiimi arz ederim. Ermenilerin gerek Fem1 ve gerekse Mamahatun taraflarnda ve bu yerler ile Erzincan arasndaki ksmlarda baz Krt kylerini tahrip ettiklerini, halkn hapsederek yok ettiklerini haber vermi olmalarndan dolay heyecanlanarak, ara hatta tecavz ile ambarlara ve birliklerinden ayrlm erlere de saldrlarda bulunduklarna ihtimal verdiim Krtlerden, bu gibi edepsizliklere cesaret edenler hakknda da en iddetli cezay uygulayacam ve bunu imdiden ilgililere emretmi olduumu ahsnza arz eyler ve en derin sayglarmn kabuln rica ederim. mer Ltfi

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Bingl, Yedisu, Kabayel.

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17 ubat 1918 Numara 1500 Rus Kafkas Ordusu Komutan General Lyotnan Odeshelitzeye 1 ubat 1918 tarih ve 15202 numaral telgrafnza cevap olarak aadaki aklamalar bilgilerinize ulatrmaktan eref duyarm. Erzincanda bizzat kendi grdklerim ve incelemelerim sonucu elde ettiim gerei, size arz etmeyi, gsterdiiniz iyi niyetinizden dolay grev olarak kabul ediyorum. 15 16 Ocak (1918) olaylarnda Ermeniler tarafndan katledildikten sonra, etraftaki evlerden, dkkanlardan, bahelerden ve ahrlardan toplattrlarak yarn gmleceklerden fotoraflar alnm olanlarn says 312 dir. Bunlarn 20si kadn, 71i on drt yana kadar eitli yatan ocuklar, 19u apak sakall ihtiyarlar, 202si de bu yalarn dnda kalan erkeklerdir. ldrldkten sonra kuyulara atlanlardan, ryenlerin tarafmzdan karlmasna imkn kalmadndan, kuyularn toprak ile kapatlmas suretiyle hastalklara yol amas nlenmi olanlarn says, bu toplama katlmamtr. Rahatsz olduundan dolay Erzincanda kalm olan Yzba Vekili Kazmirin ifadesine gre, yalnz Erzincanda katledilenlerin says 800den az deildir. Gerekten, Erzincandan 650 Mslmann Ermeniler tarafndan Sarkamta amelelik yapacaklar sylenerek sevk edildiklerini, bunlarn hayatta olup olmadklarnn bilinmediini, yine Yzba Vekili Kazmirin ifadesiyle dorulanmaktadr. Erzincann kylerinde yaplmakta olan aratrmann sonucunu da ayrca arz edeceim. Yalnz bizzat grdklerime dayanarak yazdm aadaki konuyu imdilik sylemekle yetiniyorum. ardakl Boazndan Erzincana kadar olan btn kyler, istisnasz tahrip edilmi ve bunlarn iinde salam tek bir kulbe bile kalmamtr. O kylerde kalan Mslmanlarn yerinde, genel ve mutlak bir boluk vardr. ehir dndaki klalarn tmyle yaklm olduunu ve yalnz kasabadaki klalarn yangndan kurtulduunu grdm. Erzincanda yaklm, yklm evlerin saysnn, en aa tahmin ile 1.000den fazla olduunu grdm. Bunlarn da haritas karlmakta ve ilem sona erdiinde, katledilenlerin fotoraflaryla beraber size de gnderilmesi dnlmektedir. nceden Vahit Beyin kona ile hkmet dairesinin yakldndan sz etmitim. Bu sylediklerimi dzeltiyorum. Hkmet kona ile Vahit Beyin evi yaklmamtr. Yalnz nceki bilgilerde hata vardr. Bu i olmam deildir. Yaklan ev Hseyin Beyin evidir. Yaklan daire de askeri daire ile hkmet dairesi arasndaki Zeki Paann dairesidir. Albay Morelin insan almalar Ermenilerin hunharlnn nnde ne yazk ki, sonusuz kalmtr. Yalnz Erzincan hakknda arz ettiim u grnt, 12 ubat 1918 tarih ve 1020 numaral telgrafm ile arz ettiim 130

Ermeniler tarafndan kuyulara atlm ve vcutlarnn eitli yerleri balta ile paralanm ehitler. (10 ubat 1918) Martyrs, axe butchered and thrown in the wells by the Armenians. (February 10, 1918)

tedbirleri almakta, ne derece hakl ve mecbur olduumu, sizin gibi yce tabiatl bir komutann onaylayacaklarna dair bir phem yoktur. Yce duygularnz ve samimi arzularnz byk bir sayg ile karlyorum. Benim de hibir sebep ve anlam olmayan snrsz kan aktmaya son vererek, gerekten ypranm ve ezilmi milletlerin aclarn sratle azaltacak, her iki taraf iin erefli bir barn mutlak a olduuma sizin de inanmanz isterim. Yaplan ileri harektn, yalnz sahipsiz ve korumasz kalarak lmee mahkum olmu halkmzn her ne ad altnda olursa olsun rz, mal ve cann kurtarmak suretiyle insanla ve medeniyete hizmet etmek amacndan baka bir maksad olmadna da inanlmasn rica ederim. Kald ki atekes ara hattnn dousunda ve zellikle sahil ksmlarnda, Ermenilerin Mslmanlara kar her an ilemekten geri kalmadklar mezalime karlk olarak Mslmanlarn tekilatlanmalar sonucu, kargaann bsbtn artmaya balamasyla, lkenin harap olmaya doru gitmekte olduunu ve bunun zerine bu yerlerdeki Hristiyan halkn, her gn tecavz ve taarruza kar korunmalar, Mslmanlar korumadaki mecburiyete denk bir mecburiyettir. O blgedeki Hristiyanlar temsil eden heyetlerin gelerek yardm istemeleri, bu mecburiyetin nemini artrmtr. Bunun zerine Rus ordular ile temas edinceye kadar ilerleyerek, Rus ordusunun ekilmesiyle bo kalan blgede asayiin temini ve dzenin salanmasna dair emir verilmitir. Her trl yanl anlamaya meydan vermemek iin Osmanl birliklerinin karlaacaklar Rus birliklerine kesinlikle dmanca bir tavr almalar her ekilde yasaklanm, bunun zerine bu temas salanncaya kadar Osmanl halknn oturduu (harp sonucu ile nceden Rus ordusunun igali altna girmi olan) blge iinde bildirilen ekilde hareket edileceine arz ve sz veririm. Bu mnasebetle size saygyla arz etmeyi bir grev bilirim ki, ordularmn ileri harektnda hedefleri Rus birlikleri deildir. Rus birlikleriyle olacak ilk temas ile bu ileri harekttan takip edilen asayiin tesisi durumu temin edilmi oluyor. Derin sayglarmn kabuln rica ederim General hazretleri. Telsiz telgrafla yazlmtr.

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Kafkas Cephesi Osmanl Ordular Komutanl Say General Hazretleri!

Ordu Karargh

Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakomutan General Perjavalskiye Rus ara hatt gerisindeki arazide bulunan Rus asker birliklerinin geri ekilmi bulunmas, arz edilen blgedeki halkmzn Ermenilerin mezalimine terk edilmesine ve buralarda asayiin tamamen bozulmasna sebep oldu. eitli tarihlerde Ermenilerin cinayetleri ve alaka hareketleri hakkndaki arzma unu da eklemek isterim. Asayisizlik gnbegn artmakta ve elde edebildiim bilgilere gre, Erzincan, Ardasa, Gmhane, Vakfkebir, Polathane blgesi birer katliam sahnesi olmaktadr. Kurmay Albay Morel tarafndan Erzincan asker komutanna ve Refahiye Mtareke Kurulunun Rus yelerine gnderilen, Yzba apliken imzasyla Refahiyeden telefonla bize verilen telgrafn ieriinden, 15 16 Ocak (1918) gecesi Erzincanda pek elim olaylarn cereyan ettiini, byk bir hzn ve matemle rendim. Arz edilen mektupta, silh sakland zannedilen bir evin aranmas srasnda, gya bir Mslman tarafndan bir askerin yaralanm olmasnn olaya sebep olduu ve Erzincandaki askerlerin sinirlerinin bozularak, Mslmanlardan (bana gre susuz) 100 geen nfusun katl edildii, bir evin yakld itiraf edilmektedir. Bugn Erzincanda Rus birliklerinin bulunmamasna, 25 yldan beri Erzurum, Van ve zellikle Bitlis illeri dahilinde ihtilalci hareketlerinden dolay, Devletin huzur ve rahatn bozarak, defalarca karlkl saldrlara sebep olan ve gyabnda Osmanl mahkemeleri tarafndan idama mahkum edilen eski Ermeni ete reislerinden Sivasl Marat isimli bozguncunun yanna toplad etesiyle idareyi ellerine alm olmasna, Albay Morelin bu ekilden baka bir durumu emretmeye ve yasaklamaya gc bulunmadna gre, bu son olayn da 24 Aralk 1917, 22 Ocak 1918, 29 Ocak 1918, 2 ubat 1918 tarih ve 1322, 632, 188, 816 numaral yazlarmda ayrntl olarak bildirdiim olaylarn sonuncusu olup, Ermenilerin tertiplenen bir plan iinde birbirini sahiplenerek, takip ettiine ve edeceine de phe olmayan, evlerin yaklmas, nfusun katli, mallarn yamalanmas ve rza geme gibi cinayetlerle Osmanl Mslmanlarnn yok edilmesini tasarladklar, Rus komuta heyetinin susuz olduunun tam olarak ortaya kmasn btn kalbimle itiraf etmekle beraber, ne yazk ki elde olmayan sebeplerden dolay, bu anarinin imdi nne gemeye gcnn yetmediini, bu olaylarn artmas ve devam etmi olmas, salam ve ak olarak gstermektedir. Albay Morelin Yzba aplikene gnderdii telgrafn bir blmnde aynen yle yazmaktadr: Erzurum-Erzincan yolu zerinde Krtlerin askere, nakliyata, ambarlara devaml taarruzlarndan dolay, yol tarafnda bulunan ve Krt ekyalarna yataklk eden kyleri tahrip ederek, cezalandrma tedbirleri almaya mecburum. Harp ve askerliin gerektirdii tedbirlere kar bararak ikayet etmek akla gelen meselelerden deilse de, kylerin yaklmas durumunun askerliin gerekleri ile uzlamay kabul eder bir taraf yoktur. Bu 132

kylerin, nceki yazmda arz ettiim ve akladm gibi, Ermeniler tarafndan yaplm ve sebeplerinin bu ekilde gsterilmesi icap etmi olan olaylardan ibaret olduu kanaatini beslediimden, Ruslarla Osmanllar arasnda sonsuz ve sarslmaz bir samimiyete doru ortak admlar atlrken, Ermeniler tarafndan ilenen bu gibi cinayetlerin ve tahriplerin, yanl anlama ile Ruslarn zerine atlaca aikardr. Bu sebeple yerel halkta oluacak gvensizlik ve mitsizliin genelleecei ve yaylaca da aktr. Bununla, tesisine allan uyumun zayflatlmas doal olup, bunun aka yalanlanmasnn gerekli olduuna inandmdan dolay beni hakl ve mazur grmelerini sizden rica ederim. Kelkitteki, Karma Mtareke Kurulunun Osmanl ve Rus yelerinden aldm bir telgrafta da, kolordu ve tmen komutanlarnn 4 ubat 1918de saat 15:00da Kelkiti terk ederek hareket ettikleri, komutanlarn Ermeniler tarafndan mazlum Mslman halka yaplmakta olan zulmden dolay son derecede strapl olduklar bildirilmektedir. Bugn Kelkitte tek bir Rus askeri kalmadndan, kurul yelerinin Kelkit ve civarndaki halkn hayatn, Kelkit iinde ve civarnda bulunan eya ve erzak maazalarn ekyaya kar korumak zere yeterli sayda Osmanl birliklerinin gnderilmesi, Karma Mtareke Kurulu yelerinin ortak olarak dzenleyip imzaladktan sonra gnderdikleri mazbata ile istenmektedir. Bu mazbatann ne gibi bir mecburiyetle yazld apaktr. Gerek Albay Morelin Yzba aplikene gnderilen telgraf ve gerek Kelkit Karma Mtareke Kurulunun bahsettiim, suretleri Ekte gnderilmi yazsyla Rus askerlerinin tahliye ettikleri yerlerdeki durumun acil tedbirler ile dzeltilmesinin insaniyet ve medeniyet adna art olduu anlalmtr. Rus komuta heyetinin btn iyi niyetine ve samimi arzusuna ramen, zulme uramakta olan Osmanl halknn mal, can ve namuslarnn korunmas, Rus birlikleri tarafndan boaltlan blgelerde asayiin temini iin, komutam altnda bulunan iki ordudan baz birlikleri ileri srmek zorunda olduumu size arz ederim. Bu harekt Rus ordusuna kar dmanlk gsterme anlam tamamaktadr. Rus ordusu birlikleriyle kesinlikle atmaya girilmemesini ve her nerede Rus askerlerine rastlanrsa, dostlukla muamele yaplmasn kesin bir dille komutanlara emrettiimi de eklemek isterim. Bu sebeple, Erzincan atekes anlamasnn, Rus birliklerinin ekilmi olmasndan dolay geerliliini kaybeden ara hatta ait maddelerden baka, btn maddelerinin nceden olduu gibi geerli olacan ve bu harektn, zarur olarak, meden bir duygu ve insanlk adna yapldn, baka bir anlamnn olmadn, asker dili ve asker kalemiyle aklar, iyi niyet ve samimiyetimden tamamen emin olmalarn ve sayglarmn kabuln rica ederim, General Hazretleri. Kafkas Cephesi Osmanl Ordular Komutan Korgeneral Vehip Mehmet -------------133 ----------

Bakomutanla Ermeni etelerinin son olarak Erzuruma doru ekilirken Mslman halka yaptklar mezalim aaya karlmtr. 1. Tazegl1 ky halkndan 30 kadar kadn, ocuk ve erkek katledilmi, 25 kadar erkek de bilinmeyen bir yere gtrlm ve kyn bir ksm da yaklmtr. 2. Tilkitepesinin 2 km gneyindeki, Cinis2 kynde 600 ksr erkek ve kadndan 13 hari olmak zere, geri kalanlar yaklmak, snglenmek, hamile kadnlarn karnlar yarlarak karlan ocuklar, kucaklarna verilmek suretiyle en aalk bir ekilde katledilmek suretiyle ehit edilmilerdir. 3. Evreni3 ky btnyle yaklmtr. 4. Alaca4 kyn tmyle yakmlar; bu ky halkndan ocuk ve kadn olmak zere 365 bireyi pek feci bir ekilde katletmilerdir. Birok erkei, bir eve doldurarak diri diri yakmlardr. Bu cinayetlerin ve ktlklerin kurban olan 200 kadar cenaze henz ortadadr. Bu llerin arasndan 15 kadn yaral olarak bulunmutur. Fotoraflar ekilmek zere emir verilmitir. Sz konusu kyden, Ermenilerin zalim ellerinden kurtulmu birka ocuk ile civar kylere kamay baarm 15 erkekten baka kimse kalmamtr. Ilcadan kap gelen bir Mslmann ifadesine gre Ermeniler, 15 gn nce bu kyde de katliam yapmlardr. 3 Mart 1918

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---------21 ubat 1918

General Lyotnan Odeshelitzeye Aadaki telgrafn Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakomutan General Liyedinskiye arz edilmesini rica eder, sayglarm sunarm.

1 2

Erzurum, Akale, Kandilli, Tazegl. Erzurum, Akale, Kandilli, Ortabahe 3 Erzurum, Ilca, Atlkonak. 4 Erzurum, Ilca, Alaca.

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Erzurumun Alaca ky sakini 250 Trk eitli binalara doldurulmu ve benzin dklerek yaklmlardr. Sabah 06.00 da fotoraf ekildiinde, ehitler cenaze tarlas gibi grntlenmitir. The settlers of of the Alaca village, Erzurum. 250 Turks were gathered in various houses and set afire with kerosene. A view of field of martyrs as seen at the time of photographing, 06:00.

Suret General Hazretleri Rus Kafkas Ordusu Komutan General Lyotnan Odeshelitzenin 2 ubat 1918 tarih ve 15206, 1639 ve 1639 numaral telgraflarn aldm arz etmekten eref duyarm. Ermenilerin iledikleri katliamlar hakknda duyduklarmdan, ancak kaynamn gvenilirliine inandklarm devaml olarak arz ettim. Erzincanda bizzat grdklerim, Odeshelitzeye telsizle bildirdiim 17 ubat 1918 ve 1500 numaral telgrafta bulunmaktadr. General Odeshelitzenin benim anlattm olaylardan sizi bilgilendirdiini zannediyorum. Bu konuda ayrca bilgi verilmesini lzumsuz gryorum. Bar haline dnlmedii ve bunun zerine Rus askeri igali altna girmi olan Osmanl topraklarnn akbetinin belli olmad bir zamanda, elimizdeki resm belgelerden anlald zere, Osmanl Ermenilerinden birlik tekili ile hizmet iin ilerilere sevk edilerek emir altna alnmak, intizamdan tamamyla mahrum olan bu Ermenilerin iledikleri facialar, fiilen nleyememek ve zellikle igal edilen blgelerdeki Osmanl Mslmanlarnn korunmas ve kurtarlmas, o blgedeki babo asayiin ve dzenin salanmas maksadyla yaplan ve Rus birlikleriyle atmay gerektirmeyen ileri hareketimizin, o civardaki Mslman halkn durumunu ktletireceini dorudan aklamakla, Ermenilerin somut olarak tespit edilen bu hunharlklarn meru gstermek hususlarn her iki hkmetin elde etmeye alt bar gayeleriyle uygun grmediimi size bildirmeyi gerekli gryorum. Bunun zerine, hl Ermeni zulm altnda bulunan yerlerdeki Osmanl Mslmanlarna kar, bundan sonra tatbik edecekleri yok etme siyasetinin kaynan, bu kanaatten alacaklarn da dndm sylemeden geemeyeceim. eitli tarihlerde imdiye kadar uzun uzadya anlattm deerlendirmelerden anlalaca zere, senelik bir harp sresinde, uygar dnyann ibret almasn gerektiren meden, doru, insan bir tarz ve erefle bizimle harp etmi olan Rus ordusuna kar saygyla kark olan takdirlerimizi korurken teferruat kabilinden, olaylarn bu takdir ve kanaati ortadan kaldrmayacan bir kere daha ifade etmeye deer grrz. Ancak Rus ordusunun ekilmesiyle, Ermenilerin merhametsiz kllarnn insafna ve zulmlerine terk edilen Mslmanlarn da gz gre gre yok olmasna seyirci kalmann elden gelmediini ifade ediyor, ben ve ordum, bar yaplmad halde de Rus ordusunu dost sayyoruz. Bu ordunun bulunmad yerde len ve ezilen Osmanl vatandalarnn kurtarlmasn da bir grev olarak telakki ediyorum. Son sz olarak bilmenizi isterim ki, gerek ama ve dncelerimin tarafnzdan kt yorumlanmasyla, meydana gelecek beklenmedik bir durumun, tarih ve insanlk karsnda sorumlusu ve muhatab ben deilim. Bu soru ve azap, elim olaylarn ba gstermesine ve devamna engel olunamayan ve olunamayaca anlalan tarafa aittir. 135

Kafkas Cephesi Genel Rus Komutanl grevinde bulunmanz frsat bilerek, anlaynz sayesinde kamuoyu vicdannda artan bar ve huzur arzularnn olumsuz sonularla kutsalln kaybetmeyecei midini tayarak, sayglarmn kabuln arz ederim.

---------3rd Army Headquarters Staff Office 1st Division 1st Section To the Headquarters

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---------Army Headquarters February 2, 1918

I here by present my letters to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Caucasus Armies, General Perjavalisky, and to the Commander of the Russian Caucasus Army, General Odishelitze, for further information. February 2, 1918 Campaign 777 Commander of the 3rd Army Brigadier General Vehip Mehmet

---------General Headquarters 319

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---------February 11 12, 1918

To: Vehip Pasha, Commander of the 3rd Army Please forward the following information in attachment to your notification. In order to put an end to the atrocities still being committed on the Muslims by the Armenians, despite your guarantee, I am moving with my army. Enver

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Rejoinder To the Headquarters I had previously presented the copy of the telegram, which I have sent to General Odichelidze with date and number. The following is the translation of the telegram I have received in reply. Vehip Mehmet Pasha, Commander of the Ottoman Armies on the Caucasus Front In attachment to the telegram dated January 31, 1918, and numbered 15195 Relying on the latest report pertaining to Colonel Morels investigations about the events in Erzincan, I have the honor of informing you that the information you have is exaggerated as follows. For example, taking of 650 Muslims away from Erzincan, burning of 1.500 people at Vahit Beys mansion, likewise burning of the women and children who were gathered in barracks and in three houses, and the setting up of some 1.000 houses do not reflect the truth. These events have not taken place in Erzincan. However, the events that took place on January 15-16 (1918) are beyond any objection. But there are no losses other than those mentioned in Colonel Morels report, in which he takes a special pride. Other than those, Zengi village has been set afire. I have received a report on this. In the most neutral point of view possible, I would to claim that the initiators of the incidents in Erzincan, which has deeply affected me, are the Kurds, mainly the Turks, who have been launching attacks on the soldiers and the military transportation, severe measures are being taken for the punishment of the accomplices. The following incident serves as a definite proof for how wild the Kurds got. I have sent a military engineer, a colonel, to Erzincan at the beginning of January (1918). On his way, the Kurds happened to be passing from the eastern banks of the Euphrates have stripped this engineer naked and set him free. I have the privilege of asking you not to put the extraordinary measures to be applied, which you have presented in a telegram message dated February 13, 1918, and numbered 1020, in practice as they have been proved to be unnecessary under the light of the above-mentioned events. I hereby request your believing in me for my sincere belief for the betterment of our mutual relations to be realized by an honorable peace between our nations, which have been spiritually damaged since the beginning of the war for whatever the reasons there might have been, in the near future. Thus, as I do not favor the breaking of the truce signed between 137

our armies, in the name of protecting the mutual relations, I would like to ask for not putting the measures listed in the content of the telegram message dated February 12, 1918, and numbered 1020 in to practice; and should there be any extraordinary circumstances requiring the application of the measures please inform me about the causes, the measures to be taken, the necessities, and about the regions where they will be applied. I might not even object to your legal measures pertaining to the protection of the lives, virtues, and professions of the Ottoman Muslims; furthermore, I hereby declare that I will personally punish any attempt of assault beyond shame and conscience, may it be individual or group, to be made towards the Ottoman Muslims who are living in quietude to form an example. Taking this opportunity for granted, I would like to ask for your effective commendation of the armed bandit Kurds for stopping their attacks on my soldiers. I believe that, under these circumstances, we will be able to establish close ties in the near future. With the hope of acceptance of my deepest respects, and forwarding of my best wishes and genuine feelings to the Ottoman peoples living in the occupied lands. Number: 15202 February 1, 1918 Odichelidze

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---------February 15, 1918

To: Lieutenant General Odishelitz, Commander of the Russian Caucasus Army I have the honor of receiving your telegram dated February 1, 1918, and numbered 15202. Please allow me to present my gratitude once more for your support for the establishment and continuation of everlasting and distinguished sincerity between the Russians and the Ottomans for the welfare of the Russian command. Having witnessed the consequences of the atrocities committed by the Armenian gangs in Erzincan, I would like to assert that I will never attempt to perform any practices out side the scope of the articles stated in my telegram dated February 13, 1918, and numbered 1021. Consequently, the information I have stated in the above-mentioned telegram should not be considered as an enmity towards the Russian forces; moreover, I would like to declare once more that I have already issued orders not to engage in any clashes with the Russian forces when encountered, but to treat them in the most hospitable manner. Furthermore, as far as I am concerned, the Kurds have heard that the Armenians have 138

demolished the Kurdish villages in the regions of Fem, Mamahatun, and in the regions towards Erzincan, and that the Armenians have killed all the people in those villages having imprisoned them; upon this information Kurds with upsurging of emotions have crossed the intermediate zone and launched attacks on the depots; however, I shall severely punish the Kurds who dared to indulge in those kinds disgraceful events. With the hope of acceptance of my kindest regards. mer Ltfi

---------Number 1500

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---------February 17, 1918

Lieutenant General Odichelidze, Commander of the Russian Caucasus Army I have the honor of forwarding the following information in reply to your telegram dated February 1, 1918, numbered 15202. I feel obliged to narrate the reality, which I have witnessed and perceived at the end of my inspections in Erzincan, in the presence of your good will. The number of the victims of the massacres committed by the Armenians during January 15-16 (1918) has reached to 312; all of whom were gathered from the houses, shops, farms, and from the stables in the region, and were photographed and are prepared for burial. 20 of these were women, 71 children of various ages under 14, 19 senior citizens with long white beards, 202 were men that were out of the mentioned age ranges given. The number of the massacred, who were thrown and putrefied in the wells, and whom we were unable to reach have been buried in the wells in order to prevent epidemics, has not been included in these figures. According to the testimony of the Deputy Captain Kazmir, who had to stay in Erzincan due to his illness, the number of the massacred only in Erzincan was more than 800, and again his assertion that the unknown fates of the 650 Muslims who were taken away from Erzincan to work in Sarkam proves the information we have gathered on the issue. I will write about the investigations being carried out in the villages of Erzincan in my next letter. However, I will be contended to write the following, which I have witnessed, for the time being. All of the villages, from ardakl Strait to Erzincan, have been utterly destroyed and not a single hut was left unharmed. There is an absolute vacuum in the place of the Muslims who used to reside in those villages. I have witnessed that all the military barracks outside the city had been demolished, but only the ones in the neighboring towns had survived the flames. 139

I have observed that the number of the burned, and demolished houses is more than 1.000, with a minimal guess. We are planning to send you the photographs of the massacred along with the maps that are being drawn. I have previously noted that the courthouse and the Vahiy Beys house had been set afire. I am now correcting what I have said. The courthouse and Vahit Beys house had not been set afire. There is a mistake in the previous information. That does not mean that they did not happen. The house that was set afire was Huseyin Beys house. The government building that was set afire was Zeki Pashas office, which was standing between the military office and the administrative building. Unfortunately, Colonel Morels humane attempts have proved to be vain before the bloodthirsty atrocities committed by the Armenians. Pertaining the panorama which I have described in relation to Erzincan, I have no doubt that any commander who possesses your eminent characteristics will approve the measures I had to take which I have previously mentioned in my telegram dated February 12, 1918, and numbered 1020. I yield before your august and sincere feelings with gratitude. I would like to assure you that I am also deeply in love with the idea of an honorable peace that would put an end to this meaningless bloodshed, and subdue the turmoil that prevails over the nations living in misery. Moreover, I assure you that, this forward operation is only intended to secure the honor, riches, and the lives of our citizens, who were left to die without any protection; and thus to serve the humanity and civilization. Furthermore, the Muslims living in the eastern side of the intermediate ceasefire line, and especially in the coastal regions have resorted to arms as a result of the endless atrocities committed by the Armenians over the Muslims, hence another dimension has been added to the ever increasing anarchy; consequently, as the country is moving into devastation, the securing of the lives of our Christian citizens against the attacks has become a priority equal to that of Muslims. The importance of this priority has increased as a result of visitations of the representatives of the Christian community living in the region to ask for help. Thus, orders to move forward as far as the Russian lines, and to secure peace and order in the regions evacuated by the Russian Forces have been issued. I here by would like to declare that, the Ottoman forces are strictly warned by all means for not engaging in any kind of hostility against the Russian forces, but to act in accordance with the procedures mentioned previously in the regions that came under the control of the Russian Forces as a result of war. Taking this opportunity for granted, I would like to assert once more that the aim of these campaigns of my armies is not the Russian units. The first encounter with the Russian forces will enhance the establishment of peace and order. With the hope of your highness accepting my deepest regards, Sir. Wireless telegram message. -------------140 ----------

Ottoman Army Caucasus Front Command Headquarters Number

Army Headquarters

To: General Perzavalisky Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Caucasus Armies Dear General! The withdrawal of the Russian armed forces from the field behind the Russian ranks has jeopardized the public order and left our people face to face with the Armenian atrocities in the mentioned region. In addition to the massacres and vileness committed by the Armenians on various dates I would like to add a further point. Under the light of the information I have gathered public disorder is increasing day by day; and Ardasa, Gmhane, Vakfkebir, Polathane region have become scenes of massacres. I have learned in great grief and despair from Captain Chaplikens telegram, which was sent by Colonel Morel to Erzincans Military Commander and to the Russian members of the Refahiye Armistice Commission, the content of which was read to us on a telephone from Refahiye, that a despicable event took place in the night of January 15-16, 1918, in Erzincan. In the mentioned letter, it has been confessed that, during a search carried in a house, where, it is allegedly claimed that, weapons were stored, more than 100 Muslims (whom, I believe, were innocent) were massacred and a house was set afire by the frustrated soldiers upon an alleged wounding of a soldier by a Muslim during the search. Today, in spite of the existence of the Russian troops in Erzurum, the gangs, which had incited rebellious actions in Erzurum, Van, and especially in Bitlis to disturb the peace and security of the state for over 25 years and which have always caused war, are still practicing their despicable atrocities. Marat of Sivas, one of the former Armenian gang leaders, who was sentenced to death by default by the Ottoman Courts, started to control the region together with his accomplices. Colonel Morel does not have the power to do anything other than this. This is the final event of sequence of events I have previously written on various dates letters dated December 24, 1917, January 22, 1918, January 29, 1918, February 2, 1918; and numbered 1322, 632, 188, 816 consecutively. Armenians, in accordance with a devised plan are wide spreading their atrocities setting the houses aflame, pillaging and plundering, raping, and massacring in order to obliterate the Ottoman Muslims, which seem to be following each other and without doubt will never cease. I here by would like to admit whole-heartedly that, the Russian command headquarters will be proven to be innocent by all means; however, I am afraid that because of the extenuating circumstances they do 141

not have the power to stop the anarchy in the region which is strongly proven by the prevalence of the events still continuing. In Colonel Morels telegram to Captain Chapliken it is stated that: I have to take severe measures by setting the villages aflame that are harboring the Kurdish gangs who continually attack upon the soldiers, transportation, provisions on the Erzurum Erzincan highway. It is not rational to rail and rebel against the written rules of war and military profession at all. Moreover, setting up of the villages aflame does not match with the standards of the military profession. I believe that there was no other choice, as I have mentioned in my previous letter, other than presenting the burning down of the villages by the Armenians in such a manner. I am sure that all these atrocities and vileness committed by the Armenians will be imputed upon the Russians just because of misunderstandings at a time when a genuine and an invulnerable friendship is about to be established between the Russians and the Ottomans. Hence, it is very obvious that the insecurity and hopelessness that will dawn upon the people will eventually spread over the region. Thus, it seems very plausible that they will jeopardize the peace and security that are being tried to be established in the region; therefore, I hope you will find my belief in the urgent necessity of declaring those actions to be false pertinent. In a telegram I have received from the Russian and Ottoman members of the Joint Border Commission it is clearly stated that the Army Corps Commanders as well as Division Commanders had left Kelkit on February 4, 1918, at 15:00; and that they were deeply moved by the atrocities committed by the Armenians to the innocent Muslim people. Today there is not a single Russian soldier in Kelkit. In a official report signed and submitted unanimously by the members of the Joint Border Commission we have been asked to send adequate number of Ottoman Army Units in order to protect the lives of the people in and around Kelkit as well as the stores of goods and provisions in the same area from the gangs. The circumstances under which this report is written is extremely evident. Under the light of Colonel Morels telegram to Captain Chapliken as well as the attached writ of the Joint Border Commission, which I have mentioned earlier, both for humanitarian reasons and for the welfare of the civilization, application of urgent measures and reforms in the regions evacuated by the Russian troops have become inevitable. The atrocities are still being committed, despite the Russian Command Headquarters good will and sincerity. I, here by would like to express that I am obliged to send some of my troops from the two armies under my command to the regions evacuate by the Russian Troops in order to protect the Ottoman peoples riches, lives, and honors. I would like to add further that this mission will not be carried out to incite enmity towards the Russian troops; and that I have given strict orders to the commanders so as to be in friendly terms to any Russian soldier where ever they were met. For this reason all of the articles of the Erzincan Armistice, except for the articles pertaining to buffer zones evacuated by the Russians. I would like to assert, in words and pen of an 142

officer, once more that this movement was inevitable under the prevailing circumstances, and that it has no intention other than the humanitarian and civilian needs. I would like to assure you with my deepest sincerity and good will. With the hope of acceptance of my deepest regards. The Commander of the Ottoman Armies On the Caucasus Front Major General Vehip Mehmet

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To: Headquarters The latest atrocities committed by the Armenian gangs, during their withdrawal to Erzurum, upon the Muslim people are registered and presented below. 1. Some 30 women, children, and men have been massacred in the Tazegl village; and some 25 men have been taken away to an unknown destination from the same village. 2. In Hinis village, which is not located on the maps, situated two kilometers in the south of Kantepe, excluding some 600 men and 13 women, some people have been burned, bayoneted, and feticides have been committed by tearing of the wombs of the pregnant women in the most vulgar manner. 3. They have burned down the Evreni village thoroughly. 4. They have burned down the Alaca village completely; and massacred 365 helpless and innocent people of the village in the most despicable manner. They have burned many men alive by putting them in a house. Some 200 bodies of those victims are not even buried yet. Among the victims of those atrocities, massacres 15 women were found wounded. Orders have been issued for the taking of pictures. The only survivors are a few children and 15 men who have managed to run away and taken refuge in the neighboring villages. According to the testimony of a Muslim who ran away from Ilca, Armenians have carried out those massacres in the mentioned village 15 days ago. March 3, 1918

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February 21, 1918 To: Lieutenant General Odichelidze I here by request, with my deepest gratitude, the submission of the following telegrams to General Liyedinsky, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Caucasus Armies. Copy Dear General, I have the honor of declaring that I have received Lieutenant General Odichelidzes telegrams dated February 2, 1918 numbered 15206, 1639. Article 1. I have continuously narrated the atrocities committed by the Armenians about which I have been informed by the sources whom I have confidence in. The atrocities I have witnessed in Erzincan takes place in my telegram to Odichelidze dated February 17, 1918 numbered 1500. I believe that General Odichelidze has already informed you about the events I have narrated. I believe any repetition of the issue will prove to be unnecessary. We are living at a time when peace could not have been established and the future of the Ottoman lands under the occupation of the Russian troops is uncertain. As it will be understood from the official documents we have, a unit to be composed of Ottoman Armenians will be send to the front lines for service under command. Since the murderings committed by the Armenian gangs lacking control could not have been stopped; in order to protect, free the Ottoman Muslims as well as to bring order, peace and security into the region a further operation has started. This operation does not necessitate clashes with the Russians. By declaring that the situation of the Muslims in the region will get even worse, if the bloodthirsty atrocities that were concretely proven to be true are overlooked; therefore, I would like to assert the fact that these cannot be found in accordance with the peace efforts that are being tried to be established by the two governments. Moreover, I cannot keep myself from asserting my conviction that they will take this opportunity for granted and will base their policies for the atrocities they will perform upon the Muslims on this belief. Under the light of the evaluations I have made on various dates at length, we believe it is worthy of mentioning once more that these events will never mar our appreciation, blended with respect, towards the Russian Army with whom we have engaged in war against each other in a manner in which 144

all the countries of the civilized world should take as an example both in terms of honesty and humaneness. However, I would like the express that I just cannot watch the blatant massacring of the Muslims under the Armenian swords upon the withdrawal of the Russian armies; hence, although the peace treaty has not been signed yet my army and myself deem the Russian Army as a friend. Furthermore, I feel myself responsible for freeing of the Ottoman citizens who have been trying to endure the atrocities in the lands which were not under the control of this army. Consequently, I cannot be held responsible, in the face of history and humanity, for any unexpected consequences that may arise from misinterpretation of my genuine aim and belief by your side. The whole responsibility of those questions and despicable atrocities relies on the side who was unable to stop the continuation of the events, and who was proven to be incapable of stooping them in the future. By taking your being the General Commander of the Russian Caucasus Armies for granted, and your being perceptive about the increasing public desire in establishing peace and security in the region, the sacredness of which, I believe, will not be threatened by the negative outcomes, I would like to present my deepest gratitude.

Bk. s. / See pp. 435-458

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3 nc Ordu Komutanlna Ermeni etelerinin Erzincan ve civarnda yaptklar mezalime ve 20 nci asrn medenlii ile badamayan kan dkclklerine, Akaleden Erzuruma kaarken daha fecilerini ekleyerek, Ekbertosun mezlimini bile aratmlardr. Merdivenkyde1 45, Akalede 17, Tilkitepesinin 2 km gneyinde, haritada ismi yazl olmayan Cinis kynde 600 ksr nfustan, 13 hari olmak zere, geri kalannn yaklmak, snglenmek ve hamile kadnlarn karnlar yarlarak ocuklar kucaklarna verilmek suretiyle ehit edildiklerini arz ederim. 2 ubat 1918 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Albay Kzm Karabekir

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To: 3rd Army Command The Armenian gangs have added more and more on to their bloodthirsty atrocities they have committed in and around Erzincan, which does not match with the twentieth centurys concept of civilization, as they were running away from Akale to Erzurum; they have even exceeded the atrocities committed by Ekbertos. They have massacred 45 people in Merdiven village, and 17 in Akale; they have committed massacres in the Cinis village that is not located on the map, 2 km in the south of Tekli hill, having some 600 residents, they have martyred them all, save for thirteen, by burning, bayoneting, and slitting the wombs of the pregnant women and placing the fetuses in their arms. I remain February 2, 1918 1st Caucasus Army Corps Commander Colonel Kzm Karabekir Bk. s. / See pp. 459-460

Erzurum, Akale, Kandilli, Merdivenky.

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Bayburtta katliamdan kaamayan Trkler... Turks who could not escape from the massacres in Bayburt

3 nc Ordu Komutanl 1 nci ube Say Resm Yaz 1509 Bakomutanla 8 ubat 1918 harekt 891 9 ubat 1918 harekt 921

Ordu Karargh 2 ubat 1918

numaral ifre ile bildirilenlere Ektir:

Ermenilerin Bayburtta iledikleri cinayetler hakknda, Bayburta ilk nce giren 13 nc Kafkas Alay Komutan tarafndan verilen raporun rnei, bilgi edinilmek zere Ekte arz olunmutur. 3 nc Ordu Komutan Korgeneral Vehip Mehmet -------------Suret Bayburt 21 ubat 1918 1. Dn saat 16:30da, Bayburta varlmtr. Bugn yaplan aratrmalar ve halk arasnda yaplan soruturmalar sonucunda, Ermenilerin Bayburtta Mslmanlara reva grdkleri ve bizzat ahit olduum vaheti ve iledikleri cinayetleri aada arz ediyorum. 2. Ermeniler Bayburtu terk ettikleri gn, kasabann en gzel konak ve maazalarndan 400 kadarn yakmlardr. 3. Ermeniler 15 ubat 1918de, un datlaca bahanesiyle fakir kasaba halkndan bir ksm kadn, erkek ve ocuklar daha nce hapishane olan byk bir binaya sokarak zalimce yakmlar ve ayn zamanda sokaklarda rastladklar ocuk, kadn, kz ve erkekleri de sngyle, kurunla ehit ederek her trl alakl yapmlardr. 4. Ermeniler bu mazlum halk yakarken, bunlardan ykselen imdat feryatlarn bir ark gibi dinlemiler, bununla da yetinmeyerek, ocaklardan bomba atmak, kaplardan tfekle ate etmek suretiyle hainliklerini ve cinayetlerini sergilemilerdir. Yaklanlarn iinde pek ok kz ocuu da vardr. nsanln ve medeniyetin, imdiye kadar ahit olmad ve tarihin 149 ----------

yazmad bir ekilde yaklan, katledilen ve trl ikencelerle imha edilen Mslmanlarn says 250yi gemektedir. 5. Bunlardan baka kasabada 30 kadar kadn, erkek ve ocuk kalm, ilk tedavileri alay doktorlar tarafndan yaplmtr. 6. Tfek, top mermisi ve bomba ile dolu bulunan Binba Han da Ermenilerin cani ellerinden kurtulamam ve yaklmtr. Ermenilerin kaarken atee verdikleri baz yerler de, halk tarafndan sndrlmeye allmtr. Bazlar hl yanmakta ve top mermileri patlamaktadr. 7. Ermenilerin, kaarken iki makineli tfek ile iki ad da (cebel) topunu da beraberlerinde gtrdkleri sylenmektedir. Arz olunur. 13 nc Kafkas Alay Komutan Yarbay Ahmet Rza Aslna uygundur. ---------2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube zel :645 Genel :2600 Kelkit 23 ubat 1918 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna Ermenilerin Bayburtta yaptklar mezalim hakknda, Bayburtta bulunan 13 nc Alay Komutanlndan gelen mektup sureti Ekte sunulmutur. Bu konuda, eitli olaylarn ve facialarn fotoraflarnn ekilmesi ve tutanaklar dzenlenmesi, halktan vahi cinayetlere ahit olanlarn ifadelerine bavurularak, raporlar dzenlenmesi suretiyle belgeler elde edilmesine allmas gerektiinin Tmene emredilmi olduu arz olunur. 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Tugeneral evki -------------150 -----------------------

3rd Army Command 1st Division Army Headquarters February 2, 1918 To the Office of the Commander-in-Chief February 8, 1918 campaign 891 February 9, 1918 campaign 921 in attachment to the coded messages listed here

Attached is the copy of the report submitted by the Commander of the 13th Caucasus Regiment, who first entered Bayburt, about the massacres committed by the Armenians in Bayburt. 3rd Army Commander Brigadier General Vehip Mehmet

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Copy Bayburt February 21, 1918 1. We have arrived in Bayburt at 4:30 P.M. yesterday. The results of the investigations and interrogations carried out in the town among the townspeople, the atrocities and murders deemed worthy of being committed upon the Muslims by the Armenians the brutal examples of which I have witnessed are presented below. 2. Armenians have set some 400 of the most beautiful mansions and shops of the town afire the day they evacuated Bayburt. 3. Armenians, under the pretext of distributing flour, on February 15, 1918, have gathered some of the poor women, men and children in a large building, which was formerly have been used as a prison, and burned them alive tyrannically; they have also martyred the women, men, and children whom they met on the streets by gunfire, bayonets and performed despicable and most vicious deeds. 151

4. The Armenians listened the cries of the victims as if they were listening to music, and even opened gunfire from the wells and threw bombs through the loopholes as set those silent and innocent people afire; and thus displayed their treacheries and murderous intentions. There are lots of girls among the burned people. The number of the Muslims who have been burned, tortured, and massacred beyond imagination, as history of mankind and of civilization had never had recorded or witnessed, exceeds 250. 5. Apart from the people mentioned above only some 30 women, men and children have remained alive. The doctors of the regiment gave their first medical treatments. 6. Major Zti who had lots of infantry and artillery ammunitions and bombs could not even have escaped from the Armenian murderers and was burned alive. People have been trying to extinguish some of the places, which the Armenians had set afire as they were running away. Some of them are still burning, and explosion of the artillery ammunitions can be heard. 7. It has been claimed that the Armenians have taken two machine guns and a mountain gun along. I remain. Commander of the 13th Caucasus Regiment Lieutenant Colonel Ahmet Rza It is in unison with the original.

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2nd Caucasus Army Corps Command Staff Office 1st Division Private : 645 General : 2600 Kelkit February 23, 1918 To the 3rd Army Command Attached is the letter from 13th Regiment Command in Bayburt pertaining to the atrocities committed by the Armenians in Bayburt. We here by declare that the orders for photographing of the atrocities and various events, arrangement of minutes, recording of the testimonies of the surviving witnesses, and thus for collecting of information have been issued in the Division. Commander of the 2nd Caucasus Army Corps Brigadier General evki

Bk. s. / See pp. 461-466

153

2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube zel: 375 Alucradan1 2 ubat 1918 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna Kiiye zeldir 13 Ocak 1918 tarih ve 89 numaral ifre ile dman tarafna sevk edildii bildirilen Yzba brahim, 28 ve 29 Ocak 1918 tarihlerinde Vakfkebirin 3-4 km gneydousundaki Dzlk2 kynden rapor yazmtr. Bunlardan birisi, 27-28 Temmuz 1917 tarihinde casuslukla dman tarafna sevk edilen, 5 nci Kafkas Tmeni 13 nc Alay 4 nc Tabur Yedek Subay Vekili evket Efendinin, Ruslara teslim olduuna dairdir. Bu mektup ulatnda ileme konacaktr. Dier iki mektubun ierii zetle aada arz olunmutur: 1. Polathanenin dousunda denize dklen Kale deresinin dousunda Ruslar, Trk direniilerine kar ara sra top ve makineli tfek ile ate etmektedirler. Yeros burnunun gneybatsnda denize dklen skefye deresinin denize dkld yere ve halka, 27 Ocak 1918de bir Rus torpidosu 40 mermi atmtr. Derenin daha batsndaki ksmlara makineli tfek atei atktan sonra Trabzona geri dnmtr. 2. Akaabat kazasnda ve kazaya bal yerlerdeki Rumlar da, tamamen Trabzona ekilmilerdir. Trabzonda hastalk yaygndr. Trabzon ve civarndaki Mslmanlar pek ok tehlikeyle kar karyadrlar. Kazaya bal yerlerdeki Rumlarn Trabzonda toplanmalarna karlk, kasabadaki Mslmanlar da da kylerine kamaktadrlar. 3. 28 Ocak 1918 gn Grc, Ermeni ve Rumlardan oluan 2.000 kiilik bir ete Polathaneyi igal etmiler, evrede adrlar kurmular ve buradaki Mslmanlar vahice katletmilerdir. Mslman kadnlarn balarn kesmiler, yzlerini paralamlar ve erkeklerle kadnlarn paralanan cesetlerini ve eitli uzuvlarn, ok alaka ve utan verici bir ekilde tehir etmilerdir.
1 2

Giresun, Alucra. Trabzon, Vakfkebir, Dzlk.

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4. 28-29 Ocak 1918 gecesi, Polathanenin 16 km gneydousundaki Orus ky, Ermeni ve Rum etelerinden oluan bir kuvvet tarafndan baslm ve burada yaayan btn halk katledilmitir. 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Tugeneral evki

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2nd Caucasian Corps Command Office of the Chief of Staff 1st Division Private: 375 From Alucra February 2, 1918 Personal To: 3rd Army Command Captain brahim Effendi, who was sent to the enemy lines upon the code numbered 89, and dated January 13, 1918, has written three reports from the Dzlk village, located 3-4 kilometers towards the southeast of Vakfkebir on January 28 and 29, 1918. One of these pertains to Candidate Reserve Officer, of the 4th Battalion of the 13th Regiment of the 5th Caucasian Division, evket Effendis, who was sent to the enemy lines for reconnaissance on May 27-28, 1917, surrendering to the Russians. This letter will be put into effect upon its arrival. The contents of the other two letters are briefly presented below: 1. Russians are occasionally firing at the Turkish resistance forces with their guns and machine guns on the eastern banks of the Kale Creek that flows into the sea on the eastern sector of Polathane. A Russian torpedo boat had fired 40 shots over the people on the mouth of the skefiye Creek where it joined the sea on the southwestern sector of the Yeros Cape on January 27, 1918, and opened machinegun fire on the further western banks of the creek, and later retreated to Trabzon. 2. The Romaic people living in Akaabat province and in the villages in its environs have completely withdrew to Trabzon as well. The Muslim population in Trabzon and in its environs is in great danger. As the Romaic

156

people flock in Trabzon, the Muslim population of the town is taking refuge in the mountain villages. 3. A gang of 2.000 consisting of Georgians, Armenians and of Romaic people have occupied Polathane on January 28, 1918, set up their tents, and brutally massacred the Muslim people living there. They have decapitated Muslim women, tore their faces apart and exhibited their torn bodies and various organs to men in a vicious and shameful manner. 4. Orus village, located 16 kilometers in the southeastern sector of Polathane, was attacked by a force composed of Armenian and Romaic people at the night of January 28-29, 1918, and massacre all the people living there. Commander of the 2nd Caucasian Corps Brigadier General evki

Bk. s. / See pp. 467-469

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Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanl ube 3 ubat 1918 D lkelere Bildiri -Mill YaynlaKafkas Cephesindeki Rus Ordular Bakomutanl ile atekes ilanndan sonra iki tarafn Brest-Litowskda yaplan bar grmeleri devam ederken atekes maddelerine tamamen uyulmas art koulmu olduu halde, Rus-Kafkas ordular birliklerinin cephemizin ilerisinden ve belirlenen ara hattn boaltarak kararghlaryla beraber, peyderpey geri ekilmee baladklar grlmtr. Bu birliklerin kara ve deniz yolu ile Rusya ilerine nakledilmekte bulunduu salam deliller ve gzlemler ile ortaya kmtr. Rus dzenli ordularnn, bu ekilde igal ettikleri yerleri boaltmaya balamalarndan yaralanarak, gerek yerli Ermeni halk ve gerek Rus ordusunda iken birliklerini silhl olarak terk eden ve sz konusu yerlerde kalan Ermeni askerlerin, dier Osmanl halkna ve zellikle Mslmanlara tecavzle, mezlim yapmaya baladklar aada ayrntl olarak yazlmtr. Gerek esirken firar ederek birliklerimize snan erlerimiz tarafndan, gerek yerli halktan olup Ermenilerin eziyet ve zulmnden kurtularak tarafmza gemeyi baaran halkmz tarafndan ve gerekse bulunduklar yerlerden kamay baaranlardan, hl Ermenilerin fec ve korkun cinayetlerine hedef olan kyller adna, ihtiyar heyetleri tarafndan gnderilen imdat heyetleri araclyla alnan bilgilerden tam ve kesin olarak anlalmtr. Durumun tad nem dolaysyla konu birok kez, hemen Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakomutanlna bildirilerek, bu zulme izin verilmemesi ve tecavzlerin nlenmesi istenmitir. Buna cevap olarak, sz konusu komutanlktan alnan telgraf ve yazlarda, bahsedilen zulmn derhal ortadan kaldrlmas iin etkili tedbirler alnaca bildirilmi olmasna ramen, Mslmanlara reva grlen eziyet ve zulm, aksine gittike yaylmakta ve bunun da Rus Ordusu Komutanlnca verilen sz yerine getirecek muktedir Rus kuvvetlerinin, katliam blgelerinden tamamen ekilmi olmasndan ileri geldii anlalmaktadr. Yalnz bize komu blgelerde meydana gelen ve Rus Ordusu Komutanlna da bildirilen zc olaylarn en nemlilerinden bir kan zetliyoruz: lk nce Ermeniler, Erzincanda Belediye Ktibi olan Mehmet Efendiyi alarak gtrmler, annesi ile eini ve drt ocuunu paralamlardr. Glbahar olu Veysinin eini zorla almak isteyen Ermeniler, Veysiyi ldrmlerdir. 12 Ocakta (1918) Kelersen kyn basan Ermeniler, 15 Mslmann kollarn balayarak kuruna dizmilerdir.

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7 Ocakta (1918) Rus asker elbisesi giymi olan Ermeniler, Karadeniz sahilindeki Fol1 kasabasndan says 50yi akn kadn ve erkei Trabzon tarafna srmlerdir. Daha sonra bunlardan bir ksmnn cesetleri Fol deresinde grlmtr. arlpazarnn2 gneyindeki Kzlaa kynde, Mslmanlarn elleri, kollar balanm ve snglenmi olduu halde cesetleri grlmtr. Ermeniler Grele3 ve Erikli kylerine komu kylerdeki Mslmanlar ldrm ve bu srada kadnlara alenen tecavz etmilerdir. Bir aydan beri ok kalabalk Ermeni eteleri arlpazar, Akkilise, Eynesil4 kylerinin Mslmanlarn katlederek mal ve eyalarn yamalamlardr. 50 kiilik bir Ermeni etesi, Ardasay basarak, kasabay yamalam ve ary yakm, Rus ordusunca Trabzon, Sarpu, Sadak5, Kse6, Ardas, Gmhane, kisu, Bayburt, Tercan ve Erzurumda halka braklan ok miktardaki erzak bu ete tarafndan zorla alnmtr. Erzincann dar ile olan ulamn kesen Ermeniler, halk, evlerinin iinde yakmaya baladktan sonra, bir ksmn da kilise meydannda toplayarak yakmlardr. Erzincandaki Yeni Cami ve hkmet dairesini bombalayarak ykmlardr. evredeki iki kyn camilerini de yakmlardr. Erzincan yaknlarndaki ky halkndan 500 kiiyi balayarak Erzincana gtrmler ve orada kuruna dizmilerdir. Tunceli halkndan Mir Hseyin Aa ile 800 Mslman, Ermenilerin ellerinden kurtularak Osmanl ordusuna snmlardr. zet olarak aktarlanlar, zulm ve felaketlerin yalnz bize ulaan olaylarn bir ksmdr. Bize yakn olmayan ve imdat lklar henz Osmanl ordusuna kadar ulaamayan aresiz ve masum halkn, kadn ve ocuklarnn ackl durumlar henz tarafmzdan bilinmemektedir. Kararghn Erzurumun 28 km batsndaki bir kyde kuran bir komutanmzn, bu kyde tank olduu Ermeni zulmne dair verdii raporlardan zet bilgiler sunulmutur. Ermeniler bu kyde ele geirdikleri 278 Mslman evlerine kapatarak hepsini ldrmlerdir. Ayrca 42 Mslman, evlerinde ar yaral olarak bulunmutur. ldrlenler arasnda, tecavz edildikten sonra ldrlerek cierleri duvarlara aslm gen kzlar, karnlar deilmi hamile kadnlar, beyinleri aktlm ve vcutlarna benzin dklerek yaklm ocuklar ve erkekler bulunmaktadr.

1 2 3

Trabzon, Vakfkebir. Trabzon, Beikdz. Giresun, Grele. 4 Giresun, Eynesil. 5 Gmhane, Kelkit, Sadak. 6 Gmhane, Kse.

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17 Mart 1918 Basn-Yayn Mdrlne Ermeni zulmne ait 3 nc Ordu Komutanlndan gelen telgraflarn zetidir: Kime: Bir suretinin Mill Yaynla darya Bir suretinin yerel gazetelere Bir suretinin Dileri Bakanl zel Kalemine verilmesini rica ederim. 1. Ermeniler Hoan ve Kalktaki Mslmanlardan 50 kadarn Gmgmde1 ehit etmilerdir. Yol yaptrmak bahanesiyle Magalsordan gtrdkleri says bilinmeyen Mslmanlar geri dnmemilerdir. Ermeniler, Erzurumun kuzeyindeki Erkinis2 kynden kaarken 60 kadar Mslman ehit etmilerdir. Erzurumda Karskaps yaknnda korkun ekilde ldrlm 250 kadar Mslman cenazesi bulunmutur. Hasankale ve civarndaki kylerde de korkun katliamlar olduu, Ermenilerin erkek, kadn ve ocuklar kurun, balta ve hanerle ldrdkleri, bir ksmn beraberlerinde gtrdkleri, kasabay igal eden svarilerimiz tarafndan grlmtr. Ermeniler, Hasankaleyi tamamen yakmlar ve oturulacak bir yer brakmamlardr. Ermeni etelerinin arkasndan Bayburta giren emniyet mfrezelerimiz canice bir manzara ile kar karya kalmlardr. etelerden korkarak bir aydan beri evlerinde kapanp kalan ihtiyar, erkek, kadn ve ocuklar ksmen evleriyle beraber yaklm, sokakta yakalananlar snglenmitir. Bu iki gn iinde sokaklardan ve yanan evlerden 200den fazla ceset toplanp gmlmtr. 2. Geenlerde konaklamak iin Rizeye giren bir Grc mfrezesi, Ermenilerin burada yaptklar zulmden geriye kalanlara bizzat ahit olmulardr. Gerek bu vahetten duyduklar nefret ve gerekse Mslman halkn lklarndan etkilenmiler ve kasabada konaklamaktan vazgeerek, halkn yardm isteklerine ramen kasabadan ayrlmlardr.

1 2

Mu, Varto. Artvin, Yusufeli, Demirkent.

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Mill Yaynla Darya Kafkas Cephesinde, Rus birliklerinin ekildii blgelerde ortaya kan Ermeni etelerinin, Mslman halka reva grdkleri straplarn gn getike pek kanl bir ekilde yaylmakta olduu, aadaki belgelerden anlalmaktadr: 1. En son olarak Rus Kafkas Ordu Komutan General Odeshelitze, telsiz telgrafla nc Ordu Komutanmza aynen u bilgileri verdi: Aadaki zc olaylar size byk bir zntyle bildirmeyi grev olarak kabul ettim. Gya Mslmanlarn ihtill karaca hakknda, baz bozguncularn sylenti karmalar zerine, 15-16 Ocak 1918de Erzincanda bulunan asker birlikler tarafndan Mslmanlarn evlerinde arama yaplmasna kalklm ve bu esnada tabanca ateiyle bir erin yaralanmas sonucu, ehrin eitli noktalarnda aramalara direnen Mslmanlara kar silh kullanmaya sebebiyet verilmi, sonuta iki taraftan ok sayda len ve yaralanan olmu ise de saylar henz belli olmamtr. Subaylarn mdahalesiyle kan aktmaya son verilmi ve atmann genilemesine engel olunmutur. nayak olanlarn ve Mslmanlar hakknda bozguncu haber yayanlarn haklarnda kesin tedbirler alndn arz ederim. 2. Generalin bu telgrafndan nce, ngiliz veya Fransz olduu tahmin edilen ve bu ay iinde Ermeni tekiltn idare iin Erzincana geldii gvenilir kaynaklardan haber alnan Kurmay Albay Morel, Erzincan Mevki Komutan imzasyla gnderdii mektubunda ise, Krtlerin Erzincan-Erzurum yolu zerinde Rus asker kafilelerine ve yaknda Erzincana saldracaklarna dair haber aldndan ve Erzincanda bir evden atlan bir tabanca kurunuyla, bu ahslarn yaralanmasndan dolay, garnizon askerleriyle halk arasnda 15/16 Ocak 1918de meydana gelen atmada, 100den fazla Mslmann ldrldn, ate edilen evin yakldn, Erzurum-Erzincan yolunun iki tarafnda Krtlere yataklk eden Mslman kylerin tahribi iin emir verdiini aklamtr. Ayn olaya dair bu iki komutann raporu arasnda, olayn ortaya k hakkndaki yorumlarda elikiler grlmektedir. Ayn bilgileri vermek zere Erzincandan atekes hattmza kanl elbiseleriyle yaral, yank ve plak vcutlaryla snan halkmzn ifadelerine baklnca, Albay Morel hakknda alnan bilgilerin doruluuna kuku kalmyor. Albay Morelin Rus ordusundaki kargaadan yararlanarak, terkedilmi yerlerde Ermeni tekiltna hz vermek, bunlarn bu blgede bulunan Mslman nfusunu krmak hususundaki emellerini uygulamal bir ekilde kolaylatrmak zere Erzincana gelmi olduuna karar vermemek mmkn deildir. Albayn kendi ifadesinde, bir erin yaralanmasyla btn ehri, erkekleri, kadnlar evlerinde ve elleri bal olarak meydanlarda yakp, kuruna dizdirmee izin vermesi, sonra bu uygulamalar yeterli grmeyip, daha gerilerdeki slm kylerini tahrip ettirmek iin emir vermesi, tarihin en byk mezalim sayfasna 162

Erzincanda su kuyusuna atlarak ehit edilen ve daha sonra kuyudan kartlan 54 yandaki Mahmut Aa. Mahmut Agha, aged 54, who was martyred in a well by the Armenians in Erzincan.

kaydedilecek vahi olaylardandr. General Odeshelitzenin olayn ortaya k sebebi ve oluumundaki kaytlar Albay Moreli tamamyla mahkm edecek bir resm belgeyi iermektedir. Fransz veya ngiliz Albay Morelin, garnizon askeri demek istedii askerlerin, dorudan doruya Ermenilere bal ve ete reisi ekya Maratn komutasnda olumu, Rus asker elbiselerini, silh ve tehizatn kuanm bir alay kuvvetinde, Ermeni askerleri olduuna dair Osmanl Ordu Komutanlnda eitli belgeler mevcuttur. Kelkitte Rus temsilcilerinin hayatn koruyacak seviyede, elde ve civarda bir Rus birlii yoktur. Erzincan Garnizon Komutan Albay Morelin garnizon birliklerinden sz etmesi ve Erzincann alt saat kuzeyindeki Kelkite bir asker kuvvet sevk etmesiyle, Erzincan-Erzurum yolundaki kylerin tahribine emir vermesi de dikkate deer bulunmutur. Bu olayn meydana gelmesinden 23 gn sonra, Kelkitte temsilcilerin hayatn korumak iin sevk ettiimiz mfrezenin dnnden sonra bildirilmesi, Albay Morelin tamamyla sahte Rus kisvesi altnda gizlenmi, Ermeni ete reisinden baka bir ey olmadn ispatlamtr. 3. Erzincandaki bu mezlimden kaarak snan drt kiinin zet ifadeleri yledir: Ermeni ete reisi Marat gezdirdii devriyelerle, btn Mslmanlarn kilise meydannda toplanmalarn emretti. Bunun sebebini anlamak iin toplu olarak mracaat eden muhtarlar, ete reisi Marat tarafndan tutuklanarak idam edildiler. Dier taraftan Ermeni devriyeleri de halk evlerinden kararak, grup halinde telgrafhaneye ve oradan da kasabadaki Vahit Beyin konana gtrdler. Geceleyin Ermeni eteleri kona atee verdiler. Yangndan kaanlar, pencerelerden kendilerini atanlar, kona saran Ermenilerin ateleriyle ve sngleriyle ldrldler. Ayn zamanda Ermeniler ehir iindeki Kale Klasna ve byk konaa doldurduklar 1000e yakn kadn ve ocuu yaktlar. Bundan baka, birok evi de atee verdiler. Bir gn sonra snan Erzincanl Hulsi Efendi evlerine kapatlarak yaklan kadnlarn lklarna kendisinin tank olduunu sylemitir. Bayburttaki Ermeni ete reisi Arak, yakn kylerdeki halkn Bayburtta toplanmalarn emretmise de, Erzincan olayndan haberi olan halk emre uymayp, kadn ve ocuklaryla karl dalara kamlardr.

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163

Office of the Commander-in-Chief of the Ottoman Army Division February 3, 1918 Declaration to Foreign Countries -via National PressUpon the declaration of the ceasefire agreement reached with the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armies on the Caucasian Front, and while the Brest-Litowsk peace talks were underway, it has been reported, without any hesitation and with definite proofs, that the Russian-Caucasian armies are evacuating their position across out front and withdrawing from the determined intermediate line along with their headquarters gradually, and that these units are being transported to Russia via boats and vehicles. It has been understood from the testimonies given of our soldiers who ran away from captivity in the enemy zones, of the local people who saved their lives running away from the Armenian oppressions and atrocities, of our citizens who fled their homes, of the members of the village councils who were sent to inform us about the outrageous murders being committed in the villages without any question that the Armenians, who left the Russian army with their weapons as well as the local Armenians, taking the withdrawal of the Russian regular troops from the occupied lands for granted, have indulged in committing atrocities and massacres on the Ottoman subjects and especially on the Muslim population as reported in detail below. In relation to the importance of the issue the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Caucasian Armies was informed frequently for not allowing such atrocities, and preventing of the molestations. Although the letters and the telegrams received guaranteed the taking of necessary measures against the mentioned atrocities, the oppression and the atrocities directed against the Muslims is spreading continuously. It has been understood that there is no sufficient force in the regions evacuated by the Russian units to meet the words given by the Russian Army Command. We here by are summarizing some of the sad important events, about which the Russian Army Command was informed, that have taken place in our neighboring regions. First of all, the Armenians have abducted Mehmet Effendi, the clerk of the Erzincan municipality, and slaughtered his mother, wife, and four children. Armenians who wanted to take Glbahars son Veysis wife by force killed him. Armenians, who attacked the Kelersen village on January 12, 1918, sent 15 Muslims to firing squad as their arms tied. Armenians dressed in Russian military clothing have pushed more than 50 women and men from Fol (Vakfkebir / Trabzon) township to 164

Trabzon on January 7, 1918. Some of their corpses were later seen in the Fol Creek. In the Kzlaa village, to the south of arlpazar, corpses of the Muslims, hands and arms tied, were found bayoneted. Armenians have killed the Muslims in the villages neighboring Grele and Erikli villages, and meanwhile they have raped women publicly. Crowded Armenian gangs have been massacring the Muslim population in the arlpazar, Akkilise, Eynesil villages and plundering and pillaging their properties and belongings. An Armenian gang of 50 men have raided Ardasa, pillaged the town and set the shopping district afire. They have taken all the provisions left by the Russian army to the people of Trabzon, Sarpu, Sadak, Kse, Ardas, Gmhane, kisu, Bayburt, Tercan and Erzurum by force. Armenians, who blockaded Erzincans connection with the outside, started to burn people in their own houses, and gathered some in the church square and burned them there. They demolished the Yeni Mosque and the government building in Erzincan by bombs. They also brought 500 people from the villages around Erzincan and set them against the firing squad. Mir Hseyin Agha from Dersim and 800 Muslims managed to escape from the hands of the Armenians and took refuge in the Ottoman army. The briefly narrated events are only few of the incidents reached us. We do not have any information about the outcome of the desperate and innocent people, and the tragic condition of the women and children, living in our neighboring regions, whose cries for help could not yet reached the Ottoman army. One of our commanders, who had set up his headquarters in a village at a distance of 28 km. in the west of Erzurum, witnessing Armenian atrocities in the village reported the following briefly. Armenians have killed 278 Muslim in their homes. On the other hand, 42 Muslims have been discovered heavily wounded. Among the massacred there were teenager girls whose lungs were hung upon the walls after being raped, pregnant women whose wombs have been butchered, children and men whose brains were drained and whose bodies have been burned with kerosene.

165

March 17, 1918 To: Directorate of Press Following is the summary of the telegram received from the 3rd Army Command: I here by request its distribution to: A copy abroad via National Press A copy for the local newspapers A copy to the Private Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1. Armenians martyred some 50 of the Muslims living in Hoan and Kalk in Gmgm. The Muslims, number is mot known, who were taken from Magalsor for so-called road construction did not return. Armenians, while running away from the Erkinis village in the north of Erzurum have martyred some 60 Muslims. Some (250) corpses of the outrageously massacred Muslims were found near the Karskaps, in Erzurum Our cavalry troops who have captured the town have witnessed that men, women, and children of Hasankale and of the villages surrounding have been massacred by bullets, axes, and daggers; and yet some were taken away by them. Armenians have completely demolished Hasankale and did not leave any shelter. Our security detachments that have entered Bayburt after the Armenian gangs have come across a despicable scene. The senior people, men, women, and the children who have taken shelter in their homes, with the fear of the Armenians for longer than a month, have been burned in their homes partially, those who were caught in the streets were bayoneted. In the last two days, more than 200 corpses have been collected and buried from the streets and burnt houses. 2. A Georgian detachment that entered Rize for encamping couple of days ago has witnessed the remnants of the Armenian atrocities. Upon hearing the Muslims cries for help, and no being able to stand the aversions they have witnessed, could not stay in the town; and they left the town despite the peoples begging for help. Abroad via National Press At the Caucasus Front: The following documents clearly reveal that the atrocities committed on the Muslim population by the Armenian gangs, 166

emerged in the regions evacuated by the Russian units, are increasingly wide spreading in their most outrageous and bloodiest forms. 1. The Russian Caucasian Army Commander, General Odichelidze, has given the following information to our 3rd Army Commander via wireless telegram message. I feel obliged to narrate the following sad events to you. Upon the rumors spread by certain defeatists claiming that the Muslims were preparing for a rebellion, army units in Erzincan attempted to launch a thorough search on January 15-16, 1918 in the Muslim houses in various sections of the town, however, as a result of wounding of a soldier by a revolver fire, fire power was used against the Muslims who resisted the searches and in the clashes both sides lost lives, and have numerous casualties, the numbers of which is not known. Upon the intervention of the officers the clashes and the bloodshed had ceased, and spreading of the clashes was prevented. I here by would like to declare that definite measures are taken against the instigators, and for those who spread defeatist rumors about the Muslims. 2. Before the Generals telegram given above, it has been reported by reliable sources that Staff Colonel Morel, presumably English or French, came to Erzincan for conducting the Armenian organization this month. In a report he signed as the Erzincan Area Commander says that that he had received information on Kurds planning attacks on the Russian military convoys o Erzincan Erzurum road, and that soon they would attack Erzincan; and upon wounding of these people with a pistol shot clashes broke out between the garrison soldiers and the civilians on January 15-16, 1918. He moreover claims that more than 100 Muslims were killed and the houses from which the fire opened were burned down. Furthermore, he declared that he had ordered the destruction of the villages, on the either side of the Erzincan-Erzurum road, that were harboring the Kurds. There are differences between the reports of these two commanders pertaining to the breakout of the incident. Taking the testimonies of our people who came to our cease-fire line wounded in their bloody clothes, burned and naked bodies from Erzincan to provide more information, it became clear that the information obtained about Colonel Morel was without doubt true. Moreover, it is evident from the fact that Colonel Morels accelerating the foundation of the Armenian organization, by taking the anarchic situation in the Russian army for granted, and easing their desires for de facto breaking down the Muslim population in the evacuated regions serve as proofs for the motive behind his coming to Erzincan. Colonels orders, upon wounding of a soldier, his allowing the burning down of all the houses in the city, burning men and women in the church square; and, furthermore, not being satisfied with these practices his giving of orders to demolish the other Muslim villages in the distant rear regions are epitomes of most vulgar barbarism to be recorded in the historys greatest atrocity page. The records of General Odichelidze pertaining to the outbreak of the incidents are all official documents enough to sentence Colonel Morel. 167

There are various documents in the Ottoman Army proving that the garrison soldiers whom Colonel Morel, who is either French or English, attributes is composed of the Armenian soldiers, equivalent to the force of a regiment, who were dressed in Russian military uniforms, bearing Russian arms and gears, under the command of the gang leader Marat, who is known to be directly affiliated to the Armenians. There are no sufficient Russian units in Kelkit to protect the Russian delegates in or around Kelkit. Colonel Morels, Erzincan Garrison Commander, talking of garrison soldiers, and his giving of orders for sending a military force to Kelkit, located at a distance of six hours to the north of Erzincan, as well as his giving of orders for the destruction of the villages along the Erzincan-Erzurum road are found to be worthy of attention. The report the detachment we had sent to Kelkit, 23 days after the incident, for the protection of the delegates, proved that Colonel Morel was nothing but an Armenian gang leader disguised in a Russian uniform. 3. The testimonies of the four people, who have taken refuge in our side running away from the atrocities, are summarized below. The Armenian gang leader Marat ordered his patrols to bring all the Muslims to the church square. The mukhtars who wanted to know the reasons for his orders were arrested and executed upon the orders of Marat. Meanwhile, the Armenian patrols brought all the Muslims first to the telegraph office, than to Vahit Beys mansion in the town. Armenian gangs set the mansion afire at night. Those who tried to escape from the fire, jumped out of the windows, were either killed by Armenian arms fire or bayoneted. Likewise, the Armenians burned some 1.000 women and children in the Kale barracks, and in the three big mansions. Other than this, they set many houses afire. Hulsi Effendi who had taken refuge a day later said that he had witnessed the screaming of the women and children burned alive. Although the gang leader in Bayburt, Arshak the Armenian, ordered the bringing of the people of the neighboring villages, the people who were well informed about the incidents in Erzincan not consenting the orders ran away into the snow covered mountains with their wives and children.

Bk. s. / See pp. 471-491

168

ifre zm Numara 241 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna

2 nci Ordu 3 ubat 1918

1. Bu hafta Ordu cephesinde harbe dair bir olay meydana gelmemitir. 2. 27 Ocak 1918 de Erzincandan, Dou Dersime kaan evket Efendi tarafndan; Erzincandaki dmann tamamen Sarkam ynnde ekildii bildirilmektedir. Erzincandaki Ruslar tarafndan hazrlanan bir miktar erzak, silh ve cephaneden baka ar (?) top, drt da topu, yedi makineli tfek ve 3.000 Ermeni mevcuttur. ehirde srekli devriye gezen Ermeniler, her gn birka Mslman ehir dna kararak ldryorlarm. nceden gnderilen istihbaratlarmzdan alnan bilgilere gre de Ermeniler, Erzincan civarndaki Mslman kylerinde bulunan Ermeni kuvvetlerini ehir civarna topluyorlarm. Balaban deresi gneyinde Rus ve Ermeni kalmamtr. Yalnz Morpayrah (?) ile civarnda ve haritada ismi yazl olmayan iki yerde toplam 210 erden ibaret bir Ermeni mfrezesi bulunmaktaym. Ocak ay ortasnda Kelera1 kyne baskn yapan Ermeniler 15 Mslman kuruna dizmilerdir. 3. 2 nci Kolordu blgesinde hava ak, 4 nc Kolordu blgesinde karl, sisli ve son zamanlarda ak gitmitir. (stihbarat: 241) 2 nci Ordu Komutan Nihat

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Decipher Number 241 To: 3rd Army Command

2nd Army February 3, 1918

1. There are no incidents to be reported pertaining to the war on the Army front this week. 2. evket Effendi, who ran away to Eastern Dersim from Erzincan on January 27, 1918, reports that the enemy forces in Erzincan are retreating thoroughly in the direction of Sarkam. There are some amount of
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Erzurum, Tekman, Yalnca.

169

provisions, weapons and ammunition, and three heavy (?) artillery guns, four howitzers, seven machineguns, and 3.000 Armenians in Erzincan. It has been reported that the Armenian patrols in the town are killing several Muslims by taking them out the town everyday. According to the information provided by our spies, who were sent earlier, Armenians were gathering the Armenian forces in the Muslim villages around the city. There are no Russians or Armenians in the southern sector of the Balaban Creek. However, it is said that there is an Armenian detachment of 210 men in Morpayrah (?) and in two neighboring settlements, whose names are not seen on the maps. The Armenians who attacked the Kelera village in midJanuary sent 15 Muslims to the firing squad. 3. The weather condition in the 2nd Corpss region is clear, and in the 4 Corps area it has been snowing, foggy, and recently it is clear. (Intelligence: 241).
th

2nd Army Commander Nihat

Bk. s. / See pp. 493-494

170

3 nc Ordu Komutanlna 1. ki gn nce Erzincandan ayrld sylenilen Onba Bozok, 3 ubat 1918 gn saat 19:00da 36 nc Tmen Kararghna gelmi ve ulhasa1Gzeler imam ve muhtar tarafndan gnderilen ak mektubu getirmitir. Rus mezaliminden bahseden bu mektup karargha geldiinde arz edilecektir. 2. Erzincann kuzeyine gnderilen zel kuvvetimizdeki subay, Erzincanda 3.500 Ermeninin bulunduunu 36 nc Tmen Komutanna 3 ubat 1918 tarihinde haber vermitir. Haberin, ayrntl bilgi verilmi olmasndan dolay, atl zel haberciyle Refahiyeye gnderilmekte olduu anlalmtr. imdiye kadar alnan haberler elikili ve tedirgin edici olduundan, sizce uygun grld taktirde, yapld ihbar edilen mezalimi aratrmak amacyla, buradaki Rus atekes kurulu yelerinden biriyle Kurmay Yzba Talat Beyi Erzincana gndermek ve Talat Beyin Erzincanda grecei Ermeni ekya reislerine, igalleri altndaki blgelerde bulunan Mslmanlara iyi davrandklar ve Osmanl Devletine snmak istedikleri taktirde, affedilip kendilerine sahip klacan sylemesini uygun gryorum. Siz de uygun grdnz taktirde, gerekli emir ve iznin verilmesini, arz ve rica ederim. 4 ubat 1918 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Kzm Karabekir

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To: 3rd Army Command 1. Corporal Bozok, who is said to have left Erzincan two days ago, has arrived at the 36th Division Headquarters on February 3, 1918 at 9 P.M. and has brought the secret letter sent by the imam and the mukhtar of the ulhasa Gzeler village for your attention. This letter containing information about the atrocities committed by the Russians will be presented to the headquarters upon its arrival. 2. An officer who was sent to the north of Erzincan had reported the presence of 3.500 Armenians to the 36th Division Command on February 3, 1918. It has been understood that a mounted messenger is taking the report to Refahiye as it holds detailed information. As the information gathered so
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Erzincan, alayan, Soukoluk.

171

far is controversial and worrying, I would like to send Staff Officer Talat Bey together with one of the members of the Russian Cease-Fire Commission here, upon your approval, in order to investigate the atrocities that are allegedly being claimed to have been committed. I believe Talat Beys telling the Armenian leaders that they will be forgiven and protected by the Ottoman Government, if they treat the Muslims in the regions under their control better and if they would like to take refuge in the Ottoman State will be favorable. Should you approve, I here by request the giving of necessary orders and permission. February 4, 1918 1st Caucasus Army Corps Commander Kazm Karabekir

Bk. s. / See pp. 495-496

172

3 nc Ordu Komutanlna

Erzincan ve civarnda Mslmanlarn, Ermeniler tarafndan katliam devam ediyor. Erzincan ovasnn hafif Ermeni birliklerinden temizlenmesi ve ehrin ele geirilerek oradaki Mslman halkn kurtarlmas konusunda, Dersimlilerle kesin bir harekt yaplmasn mmkn ve uygun gryorum. Daha nce arz ettiim ekilde, byle bir harekt iin atekes sresince nizamiye birliklerinin ayrlmasna imkn olmad takdirde, bu emri yalnz Dersimliler ile gerekletirmek de mmkndr. Ordunun henz ileri hareket edememesi yznden, Erzurumdan gelen nemli Ermeni kollar Dersimlilerle mmkn olduu kadar arparak, blgeye hakim olmaya alyorlar. Bununla beraber byle bir durumda baarszlk ihtimaline kar, halkn tekrar Ermenilerin eline dp mahvolmamalar iin Erzincann kurtarlmasndan sonra, oradaki halk kendi topraklarmza nakledilerek kurtarlabilir. Harekt iin 4 nc Kolordu Dou ve Bat Dersim milislerinden kyafet deitirerek, gerektii kadar asker ve subay ayrlabilir. Bu konudaki grlerinizin bildirilmesini rica ederim. Harekt 92 4 ubat 1918 2 nci Ordu Komutan Nihat -----------------------

To: 3rd Army Command The massacring of the Muslims by the Armenians in and around Erzincan is still continuing. I find it possible and feasible to conduct a definitive attack together with the people of Dersim in order to push the light Armenian units prevailing in the Erzincan plains back, and to take the town for the welfare of the Muslim population living there. As I have mentioned earlier should there be no possibility for the maneuvering of the regular forces during the cease-fire, it is possible to realize the task only with the Dersim forces. As the army cannot move forward yet, the Armenian groups coming from the direction of Erzurum are fighting with the Dersim forces to take the control of the region over. Furthermore, against any possibility of failure, to keep the towns people free from the any future Armenian atrocities, we may relocate the people in the lands under our control. It is 173

possible to raise sufficient amount of soldiers and officers from the Eastern and Western Dersim militia forces of the 4th Corps. Looking forward to hearing your opinions on the issue. Operations: 92 February 4, 1918 2nd Army Commander Nihat

Bk. s. / See pp. 497-498

174

Harp Belgeleri Dosyas Numara ifre zm Numara: 268/2 Suret

1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Karargh 6 ubat 1918 Gelii 7 ubat 1918 Saat 01:35

3 nc Ordu Komutanlna 6 ubat 1918, saat 20:30da, 36 nc Tmen Komutanlna gelen ve sz konusu komutanlktan saat 23:30 da, Seyit Ali Aann olu Emir Hseyin ve arkadalar tarafndan imzalanm, telefonla bildirilen bir mektuba gre, Krtlerle Ermeniler arasnda 3 ubat 1918de Peteri1 civarndaki Vahit Bey Han yaknnda meydana gelen atmada, Krtlerin Ermenilerden iki mitralyz, drt at ele geirdikleri ve bunlar Dou Dersim Komutan Hasan Beye teslim ettikleri; Erzincanda erkek ve ocuk ne kadar insan varsa katledildii ve ehirde kimsenin kalmad; kylerdeki halkn topa tutulduu, u bir iki gn iinde kuvvet gelmezse kimsenin kalmayacann ifade edildii arz olunur. 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan adna Kurmay Bakan Vekili Avni

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Erzincan, zml, Bayrba.

175

Harp Belgeleri Dosyas Numara Giresun 6 ubat 1918 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna Numara 37 5 ubat 1918 tarih ve 376 numaral emre verilen cevap yazsdr: 1. Kelkit istikametinde hareket edenlerden, buraya gelen Todor olu Penayot ve Haralambo olu Penayotla Trabzonda kalan arkadalar stanyos olu Kirbakonun, Alucraya gelilerinde Kolordu Karargh Komutan Sleyman Efendi tarafndan 36 saat tutuklanarak kt muamele grdklerini, 21 Ocak 1918de ileri hatt geerek ayn gnn akam Kelkite geldiklerinde, frnc ve ambar bekilerinden baka kimseyi grmediklerini, Kelkitte kalan askerlerin genel saysnn 200-300 civarnda olduunu, yollar zerinde hibir hareket bulunmadn syleyerek, 5 ubat 1918 tarih ve 35 numaral rnei nceden verilen ifreli bilgileri anlattlar. Harektn balangcnda Ruslarn 18 nci ve 23 nc Alaylarnn Kelkite girdiini, 8 nci ve 16 nc Alaylarn geride yedekte bulunduunu ve sz konusu alaylarn bal olduu 2 nci Kolordu mevcudunun 64.000 asker ve 4.500 atl Kazaklardan meydana geldiini, her alayda sekiz topun mevcut olduunu ve Boleviklerin ayaklanmasnda alaylarda bulunan 18 mitralyzn 24e ykseltileceini iitmilerdir. Ayaklanma yznden, igal edilen blgelerde kargaann hkm srdn grmler. Askerlerde itaatin kaybolduunu, dzenin tamamen bozulmu olduunu, subay ve askerler arasnda kyafet ve yetki olarak bir fark kalmadn, hibir subayn rtbe iareti tamadn, askerlerin silhlarn, hayvanlarn sattklarn hatta top bile satldn iittiklerini, Boleviklerin tede beride havaya tfek, top at yaptklarn, her eyin rndan ktn ve getikleri igal altndaki yerlerde, Rus askerlerinin hi kalmadn, yalnz Ermenilerin bir ksmnn gnde 200 300 asker kadar, Erzincan istikametine doru gittiklerini, Trabzona gelen Rus birliklerinden Ermenilerin ayrlarak geri gnderilmekte olduklarn ifade etmilerdir. Kelkitte bulunduklar zamanda, igal edilen blgelere Osmanl istihbaratsnn (ki kendileridir) getiini, bunlarn Gmhane ve Ardasada yakalanmalar iin haber verildiini iitmilerdir. Ermenilerin Mslmanlara mezalimi pek oktur. Artvinli bir Ermeni komitecisinin azndan Trkleri yok etmek niyetinde bulunduklarn duymulardr. Gmhane civarnda Teke kynde iki Mslman ile bir Rumun, Tandrlda 20 il 25 Mslman arabalarnda kestiklerini, Daltabanda1
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Gmhane, Merkez.

176

braklan birka martini tfein Mslmanlar tarafndan alnmas zerine, burada bulunan Ermeni ve Grcler tarafndan Daltaban yaknnda Ranha muhtarna ikence edilerek yznn ve bann yaralandn, Ermenilerin, muhtarn kzn zorla aldklarn daha sonra kzn rzna getiini grmlerdir. Ertesi gn, 15 kadar Ermeni, muhtarn kzn tekrar alarak tecavz etmilerdir. Ermenilerin tek emeli Mslmanlar yok etmektir. Mslmanlardan rzna geilmemi kadn-kz kalmam gibidir. Bolevikler saldrrsa bunun yalnz yama ve elence maksadyla yapldn, Mslman ve Rumlarn Trk ordusunun gelmesini beklediklerini sylediler. Kelkitten hareketlerinden sonra Gmhaneye 25 Ocak 1918de geldiklerinde, birlikleri grememilerdir. Kelkit Metropolit Vekili bunlarn asker kaa olduklarn bildiinden, Giresun Metropolitinin kardei ve vekili kendilerine yardmda bulunmu, yerli asker kaa adnda belge vermi ve Ardasada Ermeni ve Grcler tarafndan yakalanmalar ihtimaline kar o yoldan gitmemelerini syleyerek, Trabzona gitmelerini kolaylatrm ve bu belge Trabzonda kalan arkadalarnn yannda braklmtr. Gmhane ve Ardasada asker bulunmadn ve bulunanlarn da Kelkittekiler kadar olduunu sylediler. Buradaki 5 nci Kolordu ve 6 nc, 7 nci, 9 ncu ve 17 nci Alaylar ile 18.000 yaya, 1.000 atl Kazakn bulunduu ve alaylarn genel mevcudunun 64.000 olduunu sylediler. Sz konusu birliklerin Gmhane ve Ardasada, ayaklanmann balamasndan itibaren buralardan geri gittiklerini sylediler. Trabzondan Cevizlike1 kadar olan ksmda tren ilemekte ve Ruslar bu hat zerinden ar yklerini geriye tamaktadrlar. Sz konusu kiiler, Trabzona gelilerinde Greleye gnderilen Leonida ve arkadalaryla tanmlar. Burada iken tannrz diye kimse ile temasta bulunmamlarsa da, nceden Giresunda ve Orduda bulunmu olan Bayburtlu Pavlaki Batnidiyle grmler ve kendisini mitsiz grmler. Trabzonda onlar tanyanlara katklarn, bizim tarafmzda bulunan Rumlardan g ettirilenlerin yerlerine iade edilmekte olduklarn sylemilerdir. Giresun Rumlarnn eski evlerine dndklerini, ayrca kendilerinin gerilerde olmalarndan dolay, asker durumundan haberlerinin bulunmadn sylemilerdir. Buraya geri dnerlerken, kayn kk olmasndan dolay ve hepsinin topluca dnmemelerine ilikin emir gerei, durum hakknda daha fazla bilgi almak zere arkadalar stanyos olu Kiryakoyu Trabzonda brakmlar ve ancak gnde gelebilmilerdir. Kiryakonun daha sonra gelecek olanlarla, belki bir haftaya kadar gelebileceini sylediler. Trabzonda bulunduklarna dair teslim ettikleri Farosdis Anatolis gazetesinden iki adedi Ekte arz edildi. 2. Kaykla Greleye gidenler, vardklarnda Grelede Rus komitesinin yanna getirildiler. Leonida ve arkadalar iki gn bir gece asker yetkililerce gzetim altnda bulundurulmu ve kasabaya braklmamt. Bu esnada Rum milletinden bir Rus askeriyle tanarak 5 ubat 1918 tarih ve 36
1

Trabzon, Maka.

177

numaral sureti Ekte verilen yazda Greleye ait bilgileri almakla beraber, durumu grmlerdir. Leonida ve arkadalar Grelede iken grdkleri subay ve erleri birbirinden ayramadn ve hepsinin kyafetinin bir olduunu, subaylarn rtbe iaretlerinin bulunmadn sylediler. Rus askerinin bulunduu yerde, halk arasnda asayii bozacak bir durum olursa, kasabann bombardman edilecei halka bildirilmi. Grele ve civar kylerde Ruslar, hayvanlaryla birlikte, kasabada da birok erzak brakmtr. Leonida ve arkadalar Trabzona hareket eden bir motorun arkasna kayklarn balayarak gitmeyi baardlar. Yolda iken Greleye gelmekte olan nakliye vapuruna rastladklarnda, motorcular tarafndan Grelede bir ey kalmad! denmesi zerine, geminin Trabzona geri dndn grmlerdir. Leonida, Tifliste kurulan hkmetin 10 bakannn Grc Kekecgore bakanlnda bulunduunu, hkmetin idaresi iin ngiliz bankasndan para verildiini, Leonidann arz ettii bilgilerin Giresunlu Ermeni komitecisi tarafndan verildiini, Erzincan tarafna giden Ermeniler hakknda bilgi almasnn mmkn olamadn sylyor. Ancak btn cephelerde 60.000 kadar Ermeni askeri bulunduunu ve bunun daha sonra 19 45 yana kadar olan erkeklerin silh altna alnmasyla 150.000e ulaacan iitmitir. Cevizlikte Grclerin 300 kadar askeri vardr. Burada bulunan 20 30 Ermeninin de yaknda, Erzincan tarafna gideceklerini, Grclerin Cevizlikte ok miktarda erzak yaktklarn, Hamsikyde Grclerle Ermenilerin bir tepeye top yerletirdiklerini, toplarn adedini bilmediini syledi. Leonida, bizim 100 kuruluk banknotu 16.5 Manata bozdurmutur. Harpten alt ay sonra verilecek banknotumuz da 24 il 25 Manata bozduruluyormu. Bir Osmanl altn iki ay evvel 130 150 Manata satlmtr. Bunlar alanlar zellikle Acemlerdir. imdiki piyasa deeri 70 75 Manattr. Trabzonda liman yaplm ve yaptrlan iki gemi aracl ile kk bineklerin snmasn salayacak bir koy yaplmtr. Mslmanlarn Trabzondaki tekilat hakknda bilgisi olamamtr. Trabzondan ald alt adet gazete ile Ruslarn ayaklanmas hakknda Rusa bir mektubu Ekte arz edilmitir. Aslna uygundur. 4 nc Blge Mfettii Ali Rza

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178

War Documents File Number Decipher Number: 268/2 1st Caucasian Corps Headquarters February 6, 1918 Received: February 7, 1918 At : 01:35 To: 3rd Army Command In a letter signed by Seyit Ali Aghas son Emir Hseyin and his friends, who had visited the 36th Division Command on February 6, 1918, at 20:30, and which was forwarded to our Command at 23:30 by the phone, it is claimed that; following a clash between the Armenians and the Kurds on February 3, 1918 near Vahit Beys Inn in the environs of Peteri, Kurds have confiscated two machineguns, four horses, and handed them over to Eastern Dersim Forces Commander Hasan Bey. It has also been said that all the people in Erzincan, men and children, have been massacred, that there was no body in the town, and that people in the villages have been subjected to artillery fires; if no forces arrived in the coming two days there will be no alive person. On behalf of the 1st Caucasian Corps Commander Vice Chief of Staff Avni

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Giresun February 6, 1918 To: 3rd Army Command Number 37 In reply to the order dated February 5, 1918, and numbered 376. 1. Of the people who were heading towards Kelkit, Todors son Penayot and Haralambos son Penayot, and their friend Stanioss son Kirbako who arrived here declared that, upon their arrival in Alucra they were 179

held under arrest for 36 hours, and were maltreated by the headquarters commander of the Corps Sleyman Effendi; they have also said that they had crossed the forward lines on January 21, 1918 and arrived in Kelkit in the evening of the same day and that they have seen no body except bakers and storehouse guardsmen; that the number of the soldiers remained in Kelkit were 200 300; hat there were no movements on the roads; and hence they verified the coded information dated February 5, 1918, and numbered 35. They had overheard that at the beginning of the operations the 18th and the 23rd Regiments of the Russians entered Kelkit, the 8th and the 16th Regiments were in reserve in the rear areas, and that the 2nd Corps to which these forces were affiliated to was composed of 64.000 soldiers, and 4.500 Cossack cavalrymen, that each regiment had eight guns, and that after the upheaval of the Bolsheviks the number of the machineguns in the regiments was to be increased to 24. They have seen that anarchy was prevailing in the occupied regions as a result of the revolution. Disobedience and subordination was thoroughly dissolved, there were no differences between the officers and the soldiers in terms of authority and clothing, none of the officers were bearing epaulets; they had also heard that the soldiers were selling their weapons and livestock, and even more that they were selling the artillery guns. They claimed that the Bolsheviks were firing into the air without any particular reason at all and everything was virtually in a state of chaos. In the places where they passed, they said there were Russian soldiers at all, but that some Armenian groups composed of 200-300 soldiers were advancing through Erzincan daily, the Russian troops coming in to Trabzon were separating the Armenians were sending them back. While they were in Kelkit they had also heard that an order was issued for the arresting of three Ottoman spies (they are themselves) who passed from the occupied areas in Gmhane and Ardasa. Armenians are performing lots of atrocities on the Muslims. They heard an Armenian komitadji from Artvin saying that they intended to annihilate the Turks. They have witnessed two Muslims and a Romaics killing of 20-25 Muslims in their carriages in Tandrl. They have witnessed beating and torturing of the Ranhas mukhtar near Daltaban by the Armenians and the Georgians as a revenge for seizing of couple of Martini rifles by the Muslims. Armenians having abducted mukhtars daughter raped her. The next day some 15 Armenians took her again and raped her. The only desire of the Armenians is to annihilate the Muslims. There are almost no Muslim women or girl who had not been raped. They said that the Bolsheviks attacked for the purposes of pillaging and entertainment; and claimed that the Muslims and the Romaics were waiting for the arrival of the Turkish army. When they arrived in Gmhane on January 25, 1918, after leaving Kelkit, they have not seen any units. On their arrival, as the Deputy Kelkit Metropolitan knew that they were deserters, Giresun Metropolites brother 180

and his deputy helped them to receive a document stating that they were local deserters and warned them for not taking the Ardasa road against the possibility of getting arrested by the Armenians and the Georgians, and eased their traveling to Trabzon, they gave the documents to their friend in Trabzon. They said that there are no soldiers in Gmhane and in Ardasa, if there were any they were as much as the ones found in Kelkit. They said the overall sum of the units composed of the 5th Corps, 6th, 7th, 9th, and the 17th Regiments, together with 18.000 Cossack infantries and 1.000 Cossack cavalry soldiers, reached 64.000. They said that the mentioned units withdrew from Gmhane and Ardasa after the break of the revolution. There is a train running between Trabzon and Cevizlik, Russians are carrying their heavy gears back via this railroad. The mentioned people on their coming to Trabzon have met with Leonida and his friends who were sent to Grele earlier. Although they have not contacted any one for fear of being recognized, they talked to Pavlaki Batnidi, who has been to Giresun and Ordu previously, and found him hopeless. They told the ones who recognized them that they ran away, and that the Romaics who have been subjected to relocation were returning to their homes. As the Romaic citizens of Giresun were returning to their homes, and as they were in the rear areas they said they do not know much about the number of soldiers. As they were coming here, in accordance with the orders they received, the boat they had to take was too small to carry all three of them; as a result they decided to leave Stanioss son Kiryako, their friend, behind for further information, but still they could come from Trabzon in three days. They said Kiryako might be able to come in a weeks time together with the newly arriving people. Two issues of Parosdis Anatolis newspaper are attached as a proof for their stay in Trabzon. 2. The ones who went to Grele were brought in front of the Russian Committee in Grele. Leonida and his friends were kept under detention by the military authorities for two days and a night, and were not left into the town. In the meantime a Romaic person meeting a Russian soldier obtained the information on Grele, conveyed with in the message dated February 5, 1918, and numbered 36, a copy of which is attached. Leonida and his friends said that they could not differentiate between the soldiers and the officers in Grele as their uniforms were all the same and that the officers did not bear any epaulets. The people were warned that any attempt to disturb the prevailing peace atmosphere among the people would be punished by bombing of the town. Russians have left their livestock along with large amount of provisions in Grele and surrounding villages. Leonida and his friends managed to tie their dinghy to a boat cruising towards Trabzon. On their way to Trabzon they met a ship cruising towards Grele, upon the boat personnels telling them There is nothing left in Grele! the ship returned to Trabzon. Leonida says that the 10 ministers of the government established in Tbilisi were directly affiliated to Georgian Kekecgore, and an English bank financially supported the government, and that the information Leonida presented was provided by the Armenian Committee in Giresun; further, he claimed that it was impossible to obtain 181

any information about the Armenians heading towards Erzincan. However, he heard that there were some 1.000 Armenians at the front and with the calling of the people ageing between 19 and 45 years old into military service this number would reach to 150.000. There are some 300 Georgian soldiers in Cevizlik. He said that 20 30 Armenians living here would be moving towards Erzincan soon, and that the Georgians had burned a large amount of provisions in Cevizlik, that the Georgians and the Armenians had positioned an artillery guns on a hill near Hamsiky, the total number of which was not certain. Leonida exchanged our 100 kurus banknote for 16.5 Manats. Our banknote to be given six months later, after the war, is being exchanged for 24 to 25 Manats. An Ottoman gold coin was exchanged for 130 150 Manats two months ago. Caucasian people are especially buying them. Their market price is now 70 75 Manats. A port was built in Trabzon, and a harbor was constructed enough to shelter small boats with the help of two ships made. He could not obtain enough information on the Muslims organization in Trabzon. Six newspapers he bought in Trabzon and a letter on the Russian revolution, written in Russian, is presented attached. In unison with the original. Inspector of the 4th Region Ali Rza

Bk. s. / See pp. 499-507

182

Harp Belgeleri Dosyas Numara ifre 834 Suret Bakomutanla 4 nc Kolordu Komutanlna

Ordu Karargh 6 ubat 1918

1- Erzincandan 6 ubat 1918de Kemaha gelen Dersim reislerinden birisi, Erzincanda 100 atl olmak zere 3.000den fazla Ermeni askeri grdn, svari klasnda Ruslardan alnm 4.000 silh ve o kadar sandk cephane bulunduunu, Ermenilerin fazla miktarda erzak olduunu iitmitir. Ad geen kii, geen sene Erzincan civarnda pek ok miktarda tarla ekildiini de ifade etmitir. 2- 37 nci Kafkas Tmeni cephesi ilerisinden 31 Ocak 1918 tarihiyle aadaki bilgiler veriliyor: Polathanede toplanan Ermeni, Rum ve Grc etelerine, Ruslarn silh verdikleri, para ile top ve makineli tfek sattklar, bu top ve makinelilerin Mslman direniilere kar kullanlmak zere Polathane civarna gnderildii; Ardasa-Trabzon yolundan Trabzona doru nakliyatn devam ettii; Ziganadaki erzakn Rumlara satlmakta olduu; Ermeni, Grc ve Rum etelerinin Rus elbisesi giydikleri iitilmitir. 6 Ocak 1918 Harekt 834 3 nc Ordu Komutan Korgeneral Vehip Mehmet Aslna uygundur.

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183

War Documents File Number Code 834 Copy To: Office of Commander-in-Chief 4th Corps Command

Army Headquarters February 6, 1918

1. One of the chiefs of Dersim, who came to Erzincan on February 6, 1918, reported that he observed over 3.000 Armenian soldiers, 100 of whom were mounted, 4.000 weapons and same amount of ammunition in the cavalry barracks, he also heard that that Armenians had large amount of provisions. The same person has also declared that large amount of farming was made around Erzincan last year. 2. The following information is transmitted by the forward lines of the 37th Caucasian Division as of January 31, 1918. It has been claimed that the Russians are giving weapons to the gangs of Armenians, Romaics, and Georgian, that they are selling guns and machine guns, which are being sent over to the environs of Polathane to be used against the Muslim resistance forces; that the transportation is continuing on the Ardasa Trabzon road, towards Trabzon, that the provisions in Zigana is being sold to the Romaics. The Armenian, Georgian, and Romaic gangs are wearing Russian uniforms. January 6, 1918 Operations 834 3rd Army Commander Lieutenant General Vehip Mehmet In unison with the Original.

Bk. s. / See pp. 509-510

184

Harp Belgeleri Dosyas Numara Suret ifre 4 nc Kolordu Komutanlna 5 ubat 1918 tarihli ifreye Ektir:

Ordu Karargh 7 ubat 1918

1- Ermeniler, Erzincanda katliam yaptktan sonra imdi de civar kyleri imha ediyorlar. 2- Bu cnilerin elinden zulm gren halkmz kurtarmak ve memleketin asayiini tekrar salamak zere, 3 nc Ordu 1 nci ve 2 nci Kafkas Kolordularnn ileri birlikleriyle, balangta Erzincan Kse Ardasa Grele hattn igal etmek zere 11 ubat 1918de hareket edeceklerdir. 3- Birinci Kafkas Kolordusu birlikleri Erzincan kurtarmak iin 13 ubat 1918 sabah taarruza balayacaktr. Bat Dersim birliklerinden Dersim ve Elaz Jandarma Taburlarndan bakasnn mevsimin zorluklarn anlayarak, 12 ubat 1918 tarihinden itibaren Sultanseydi zerinden ayn zamanda kuzeye sarkmas pek faydal olacaktr. 1 nci Kolordu birliklerinin Erzincan kurtar srasnda ve sonrasnda sz konusu Bat Dersim birlikleri sevk ve ynetim asndan bu kolordu emrine girecektir. Dou Dersim birlikleri nceden kararlatrld gibi, Sansa ve Cebice Boazlarn kuvvetli olarak tutmak zere takviye olunacaktr. 7 ubat 1918 tarih Harekt 870 3 nc Ordu Komutan Korgeneral Vehip Mehmet Aslna uygundur. -----------------------

185

War Documents File Number Copy Code To: 4th Corps Command Rider to the code dated February 5, 1918:

Army Headquarters February 7, 1918

1. Armenians having committed massacres in Erzincan, they are now demolishing the villages in the vicinity. 2. The forward echelons of the 1st and the 2nd Caucasian Corps of the 3 Army will move forward to control Erzincan-Kse-Ardasa-Grele line, in order to free our people from the atrocities of those murderers and to reestablish order in the country, on February 11, 1918.
rd

3. 1st Caucasian Corps will launch an attack to free Erzincan in the morning of February 13, 1918. It will be extremely convenient for the units other than the Western Dersim Units and the Elaz Gendarmerie Battalions to move north via Sultanseydi on February 12, 1918, taking the seasonal characteristics in consideration. During and after the 1st Corpss taking control of Erzincan Western Dersim units will enter the command of the same corps. The Eastern Dersim units shall be reinforced in order to hold the Sansa and Cebice Straits forcefully as previously decided. February 7, 1918, Operations 870. 3rd Army Commander Lieutenat General Vehip Mehmet In unison with the original.

Bk. s. / See pp. 511-512

186

Bayburtta Ermenilerin katlettii siviller. Civilians massacred by the Armenians in Bayburt.

3 nc Ordu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube Say Bakomutanla

Ordu Karargh

ifre Kiiye zeldir 1- Ermeni mezaliminden kaarak Tilek1 kyne snan drt kii, Erzincan hakknda aadaki bilgiyi vermilerdir. 31 Ocak 1918 gn Erzincanda bulunan Ermeni ete reislerinden Sivasl Maratn emriyle, ehir iinde gezdirilen devriyeler btn Mslmanlarn kilise meydannda toplanmasn duyurdular. Sebebini anlamak iin toplu olarak bavuran muhtarlar, ete reisi Marat derhal tutuklattrarak idam ettirdi. Bunun arkasndan Ermeni devriyeleri, halk evlerinden kararak ksm ksm telgrafhaneye ve oradan da Vahit Beyin konana gtrdler. Gece saat 20ye doru Vahit Beyin konanda 1500e yakn Mslman toplanmt. Ermeniler konan her tarafn atee verdiler. Yanmamak iin kendilerini pencereden atmak isteyenler, kona sarm olan Ermenilerin kurun ve sngleriyle ldrld. Ayn zamanda Ermenilerin, Erzincann iindeki Kale Klasna ve byk konaa kadnlar, ocuklar doldurarak yaktklarn, 1000e yakn evi tahrip ve yakm olduklarn bu kiiler ifade etmektedirler. 2- Ayn gece iinde firar edip snan Hulusi isminde dier birisi ise Ermenilerin, Erzincanda bulunan ileri gelenleri ve muhtarlar toplayarak yaktklarn, kaplar krarak evlere saldrdklarn, rastladklar Mslmanlar evlere doldurarak yaktklarn, 4 evin korkun bir ekilde yandna bizzat ahit olduunu, Erzincanda bulunan 1000 kadar Ermeninin Mslmanlar tamamen imhaya baladklarn sylemitir. 3- Bayburtta bulunan Ermeni ete reislerinden Arak, civardaki Mslman kylerine 7 ubat 1918de Bayburtta toplanmalar hakknda haber gndermi. Bundan korkan Pulur Dalarnn gneyindeki Hayk2 kynn imam ve muhtar, firar ederek Kelkitteki mtareke komisyonuna durumu bildirip silh istemilerdir. Buna gre Ermenilerin o civarda pek byk mezalim ve katliam yaptklar anlalm ise de, yapl eklinin henz renilemedii arz olunur. 8 ubat 1918 Harekt - 891 3 nc Ordu Komutan Korgeneral Vehip Mehmet -----------------------

1 2

Erzincan, alayan, Dereba. Bayburt, Demirz, Kalecik.

187

3rd Army Command Army Headquarters Office of the Chief of Staff 1st Division To: Office of the Commander-in-Chief Code Personal 1. Four people, who refuge in the Tilek Village, running away from the Armenian atrocities, have given the following information on Erzincan. The Armenian patrols in Erzincan have spread the orders of Marat, an Armenian gang leader who was in Erzincan, for the gathering of the all Muslims in the church square on January 31, 1918. Mukhtars who inquired about the reason of the gatherings were arrested and murdered upon the orders of the gang leader Marat. Then, Armenian patrols started taking the people out from their houses and took them in groups first to telegraph office and then to Vahit Beys mansion. Some 1.500 Muslims were gathered in the mansion by 20:00. Armenians set the mansion afire. Those tried to run away from the fire by the windows were either shot to death or were bayoneted to death by the surrounding Armenians. Those villagers are claiming that Armenians had also gathered women and children into Kale Barracks in Erzincan, and in the three big mansions, and burned them alive, that some 1.000 houses were either demolished or were set afire. 2. Another person named Hulsi, who took refuge on our side running away the same night, said that the Armenians gathering all the noblemen and the mukhtars in Erzincan and burned them alive, that they have attacked the houses breaking their doors, and burned the Muslims they found in the houses, that he had witnessed the burning of four houses in the most vulgar way. He also said that some 1.000 Armenians in Erzincan started complete annihilation of all the Muslims in Erzincan. 3. Arak, one of the Armenian gang leaders in Bayburt, ordered the gathering of all people of the Muslim villages in Bayburt by February 7, 1918. The mukhtar and the imam of the Hayk village, on southern skirts of the Pulur Mountains, running away informed the armistice commission in Kelkit about the prevailing circumstances, and required for weapons. Under the light of these testimonies it has been understood that the Armenians are committing wide spread atrocities and massacres in the region; however, the methods employed could not have been determined yet. February 8, 1918 Operations 891 3rd Army Commander Lieutenant General Vehip Mehmet Bk. s. / See pp. 513-516

188

Harp Belgeleri Dosyas Numara Suret

4 nc Kolordu Kararghndan 9 ubat 1918

3 nc Ordu Komutanlna ifre zm 1- Ermeniler, 3-4 ubat 1918 gecesi Ciminin1 gneyindeki Vahit Beyin Hanna, yaklak 400 piyade askeri, iki seri ateli top ve iki makineli tfek getirerek 4 ubat 1918 sabah Cimin ve Peterite bulunan Bakonun milislerine, yerli halka saldrmlar ve Cimindeki camiyi top ateiyle tahrip etmilerdir. Bakonun etrafta dank halde bulunan dier milislerinin de yetimesiyle, akama kadar devam eden atma sonucunda, Ermeniler Vahit Bey Hanna kadar srlmlerdir. 2- Ermenilerden iki makineli tfek, 12 tfek, at, sekiz sandk cephane elde edilmitir. 3- Dmandan iki subay, 38 asker l ve 20 asker yaral, milislerimizden drt ehit, bir yaral vardr. 4- l ele geirilen dman subaylarnn kllaryla, rtbeleri ve makineli tfekleri Kolordu Kararghna getirilmitir. 5- 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna arz, 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutanlna bilgi iin arz olunur. Numara 1436 1 nci ube 4 nc Kolordu Komutan Ali hsan Aslna uygundur.

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Erzincan, zml.

189

War Documents File Number Copy To: 3rd Army Command Deciphering

4th Corps Headquarters February 9, 1918

1. Armenians bringing some 400 infantry soldiers, two rapid fire guns, and two machineguns to Vahit Beys Inn in the south of Cimin, during the night of February 3-4, 1918, attacked Bakos militia forces in Cimin and Peteri as well as the civilians there, and have demolished the mosque in Cimin with gun fire. Upon gathering of Bakos forces that were spread over a wide area the clashes continued until evening and the Armenians were repulsed as far back as Vahit Beys Inn. 2. Two machine guns, 12 rifles, a horse, and eight boxes of ammunition have been seized from the Armenians. 3. The enemy lost two officers, 38 soldiers, and have 20 wounded soldiers; our militia has four martyrs, and a wounded personnel. 4. The swords, epaulettes, and their machineguns are brought to the Corps Headquarters. 5. This document is here by submitted to the attention of the 3rd Army Command; and presented to the 1st Caucasian Corps for information. Number 1st Division 1436 4th Corps Commander Ali hsan In unison with the original.

Bk. s. / See pp. 517-518

190

3 nc Ordu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube Numara 5 nci Ordu Komutanlna 4 nc Ordu Komutanlna 6 nc Ordu Komutanlna 7 nci Ordu Komutanlna 2 nci Ordu Komutanlna ifre Kiiye zeldir

Ordu Kararghndan

gal altndaki topraklarn geri alnmas esnasnda Ermenilerin Mslmanlara reva grdkleri muameleler, tarihin benzerlerini lanetle hatrlad irenlikler ve cinayetlerle doludur. Bundan biraz bahsetmeyi faydal grdm. 1- Erzincann dousunda, Zekgen kynde Trk kuvvetlerinin topland bahanesiyle ky tamamen yakld ve oturan Mslmanlar ldrld. 2- Ermeniler, 15-16 Ocak 1918de Erzincanda silh arama bahanesiyle bir katliam dzenleyerek 1500'e yakn ocuk, kadn ve erkei katlettiler. Yollarda altrlacaklar iln edilerek, topladklar 650 Mslman kasaba dnda ayn ekilde katlettiler. Erzincann kurtarlmasndan sonra Erzincana girdim. ardakl Boazndan Erzincana kadar olan btn kyleri, bir kulbe bile salam kalmamak zere tahrip edilmi grdm. Kasaba iinde tede beride ldrlp de henz gmlmemi birok cenaze toplattrld. ehit edilen bu gnahsz ve susuz halk arasnda memeden kesilmemi ocuklar, doksan yan gemi ihtiyarlar, paralanm kadnlar vard. 3- Pirahmet1, Gmhane, Ardasa ve Polathane birer katliam sahnesi halini almt. 4- Tandrlkta2 25 Mslman, feci bir ekilde ve gaddarca Ermeniler tarafndan ldrld. 5- Ermeniler, Bayburtu terk ettikleri gn, kasabann sekin konak ve maazalarndan 400 kadarn yakmlardr. 15 ubat 1918de Bayburtta un datlacan syleyerek, kasaba halkndan bir ksm kadnlar, erkekleri ve ocuklar nceden cezaevi olarak kullanlan yere doldurarak zalimce yakmlar ve sokaklarda rastladklar ocuklar, kadnlar, kzlar ve erkekleri
1 2

Gmhane, Pirahmet. Gmhane, Kale, Tandrlk.

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sng ve kurunla ehit etmilerdir. Bu ekilde ldrlenlerin says 800 gemektedir. 6- Ermeniler, Mamahatundan kaarken, kasabadan 100 ve civar kylerden topladklar 200, ki toplam 300 Mslman sng ve kurunla ehit etmilerdir. 7- Madenhanlarnda1 sekiz ve Akalede 35 Mslman cenazesi bulundu. 8- Ermeniler, Tazegl ky halkndan 30 kadar kadn, ocuk ve erkei katlederek, 25 kadar erkei de beraberlerinde gtrmler ki, bunlarn da katledildikleri phesizdir. 9- Tilkitepenin 2 km gneyinde, haritada ismi yazl olmayan Cinis kynde 600 ksur erkek ve kadndan 13 istisna olmak zere, geri kalan yaklmak ve snglenmek, hamile kadnlarn karnlar yarlarak karlan ocuklar kucaklarna verilmek suretiyle ehit edilmilerdir. 10- Ermeniler Alaca kyn tamamen yaktlar ve odalara doldurarak ldrmeyi kararlatrdklar Mslmanlardan 278ini ehit ettiler. Burada ounluu ar olmak zere 48 yaral da, ller arasndan karld. 278 ehit ierisinde, rzlarna tecavz edildikten sonra ldrlerek, cierleri duvarlara aslm gen kzlar, karnlar deilmi hamile kadnlar, beyinleri aktlm veya vcutlarna benzin dklerek yaklm ocuklar ve erkekler mevcuttur. Cmlesinin ruhuna fatiha! 12 ubat 1918 Harekt 3 nc Ordu Komutan Korgeneral Vehip Mehmet ifre edildi. 13 ubatta mza

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Bayburt, Maden.

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3rd Army Command Office of the Chief of Staff 1st Division Number To: 5th Army Command 4th Army Command 6th Army Command 7th Army Command 2nd Army Command Code Private

From: Army Headquarters

The atrocities the Armenians committed on the Muslims in the occupied territories are full of outrageous murders and loathsome incidents whose examples history remembers with strong sense of reprobation. I found it useful to mention of these briefly. 1. Under the pretext of Turkish Forces gathering in the Zegen village on the east of Erzincan, the whole village was completely burned down and the Muslim inhabitants were murdered. 2. Armenians have massacred and slaughtered some 1.500 women, children, and men under the pretext of searching for weapons in the evening of January 15-16, 1918. They have likewise massacred 650 Muslims whom they gathered under the pretext of having them work in road construction outside the town. I have entered Erzincan after it was freed. I saw that all the villages located between the ardakl Strait and Erzincan were completely demolished to the hut. Lots of unburied corpses were gathered here and there in the city. Among those sinless and innocent martyred people were unweaned infants, senior people over 90, and slaughtered women. 3. Pirahmet, Gmhane, Ardasa, and Polathane were scenes of massacres. 4. 25 Muslims were killed outrageously, and cruelly in Tandrlk by the Armenians. 5. The day the Armenians left Bayburt, they demolished some 400 of the illustrious mansions and stores of the town. They have gathered some women, men, and children in a place that was formerly used as a prison, under the pretext of distributing flour in Bayburt, and burned them alive cruelly on February 15, 1918; they have martyred the children, women, young girls, and men they met in the streets with bayonets and bullets. The number of the murdered people this way exceeds 800.

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6. While the Armenians running away from Mamahatun they have martyred 300 Muslims, 100 of whom they gathered from the town and 200 from the neighboring villages, with bayonets and bullets. 7. Eight Muslim corpses were found in Madenhanlar, and another 35 were found in Akale. 8. Armenians have massacred some 30 women, children, and men of Tazegl village; and took some 25 men along with them; it is no doubt that they are also massacred. 9. In the Cinis village, which is not recorded in the maps, located two kilometers in the south of Tilkitepe, they have massacred 600 men and women, save for 13, by burning alive, and bayoneting, pregnant women were martyred by taking their fetuses from their torn wombs and placing them to their bosoms. 10. Armenians have completely burned the Alaca village. They have martyred 278 of the Muslims whom they decided to kill in the rooms. 48 wounded people, most of them in heavy condition, died. Among the 278 martyrs there were teenage girls whose lungs were hung on the walls after first being raped; pregnant women whose wombs were torn; children and men whose brains were drained, or bodies burned with kerosene. Lets all recite Fatiha for their souls. February 12, 1918 3rd Army Commander Lieutenant General Vehip Mehmet

Bk. s. / See pp. 519-524

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Ordu Kararghndan 12 ubat 1918 Refhiyede1, Karma Atekes Kurulu yelerinden Kurmay Yzba Talat Beye Espiyede2, Karma Atekes Kurulu yelerinden Yzba Recep Beye Sureti aada yazl maddeleri Rus yelere tebli ediniz! gal edilen topraklardaki Rus asker birliklerinin Rusya ilerine ekilmesinden dolay, buradaki halkmz, maalesef Ermenilerin zalim ellerine braklm oldu. Erzincan, Ardasa, Gmhane, Vakfkebir ve Polathane bir katliam sahnesi halini ald. zellikle Erzincan ve Bayburtta bulunan Ermeni ete reislerinden Marat ile Arak, son gnlerde, binlerce Mslman evlere doldurarak yaktlar. Ateten kamak isteyenleri snglediler. Kadnlar, ve ocuklar feci ve gaddarca ldrdler. Bu ktlkleri eitli tarihlerde Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakomutan Piyade Generali Perjevalski ve Rus Ordusu Komutan General Lyotnon Odishelitzeye bildirdim. Bu feci olaylarn nne geilmesini tekrar tekrar rica ettim. Rus komuta heyetinin iyi niyetini btn kalbimle itiraf etmekle beraber, yazk ki ellerinde olmayan sebeplerden dolay, bu katliam ve zulmn halen nlenemedii, ncekinden kat kat artarak devam etmekte olan olaylarla doruland. Bundan dolay zulme urayan Osmanl tebasnn mal, can ve rzlarn korumak, Rus birlikleri tarafndan tahliye edilen blgelerde asayii salamak iin, komutam altnda bulunan iki ordudan baz birlikleri ileri srmek zorunda kaldm ve bunu Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakomutan General Perjevalski ve Rus Kafkas Ordusu Komutan General Odishelitzeye yazyla ve telsiz telgrafla bildirdim. Bununla birlikte bu harektn gayesi, Ermeni etelerinin uzaklatrlmas ve sz konusu blgelerde oturan mazlum halkn emniyetini temin olup, Rus ordusuna ve hkmetine kar dosta ve bar hislerimizin sarslmaz olduunu, Rus birliklerine kar kesinlikle dmanca tavr gsterilmeyip, her nerede Rus askerlerine rastlanrsa sevgi ve dostlukla muamele edilmesi hususunu da kesin olarak birlik komutanlarna emrettim. Bu sebeple, Erzincan Atekes Szlemesinin, Rus birliklerinin ekilmesinden dolay hkmn kaybeden yalnz ara hatta ait maddelerinin deil, btn maddelerinin eskiden olduu gibi devam ettiini ve geerli olduunu size de bildirmekten eref duyarm. 12 ubat 1918 Harekt - 980 Kafkas Cephesi Osmanl Ordular Komutan Korgeneral Vehip Mehmet ---------1 2

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Erzincan, Refahiye. Giresun, Espiye.

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3 nc Ordu Kumandanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube Say ifre 4 nc Ordu Kurmay Bakanlna Cevap. 10 ubat 1918 stihbarat eitli kaynaklardan alnan bilgilere gre igal edilen topraklardaki Mslmanlara, Ermeniler tarafndan yaplan mezalimin zeti aadadr: 1. Ermeniler, Erzincanda silh arama bahanesiyle 200 akn Mslman katletmilerdir. 2. Ermeniler, Erzincanda 1.500 kadar Mslman kasaba dahilindeki Vahit Bey Konana doldurarak, kona her tarafndan atee vermiler ve kendilerini kurtarmak iin pencereden atlayanlar, evi kuatan Ermeniler tarafndan sng ve kurunla ldrlmlerdir. 3. Ermeniler, Erzincan dahilindeki Kale Klasna yzlerce ocuu ve kadn doldurarak yakmlardr. 4. Yollarda altrlacaklar bahanesiyle 650 Mslman gtrmler ve bunlar da katledilmilerdir. 5. gal edilen topraklarda, namusuna saldrlmayan Mslman kadn ve kzna ok az rastlanmaktadr. 6. Polathane, Vakfkebir, Bayburt birer katliam yeri olmutur. 7. Erzincandaki cinayetleri tertip eden, Ermeni reislerinden Sivasl Marattr. Arak ismindeki dier reis de Bayburtta Marat rnek almaktadr. 8. Daha nce meydana gelen olaylar, Rus Kafkas Ordusu Komutanlna devaml bildirilmi ve bunun biraz faydas grlmtr. 9. Sras gelmiken unu da arz ederim ki, bildirilen harekt, bugn Ermenilere ynelik olup, oluk ocuk, kadn ve ihtiyarlara kar, Osmanl askerine zg asil ve efkatli bir tavrla muamele edilmekte, yalnz silhl olarak asker karlkla Mslmanlara zulm ve ktlk eden Ermeni eteleri mahvedilmektedir. 15 ubat 1918 Harekt 1070 3 nc Ordu Kurmay Bakan Albay (imza) -------------196 ----------

From Army Headquarters February 12, 1918 To: Staff Capt. Talat Bey Member of the Joint Ceasefire Commission in Refhiye Captain Recep Bey Member of the Joint Ceasefire Commission in Espiye Please convey the articles copied below to the Russian members! Because of the reasons of withdrawal of the Russian troops in the occupied lands to the inner Russia our people in those regions have unfortunately been left to the cruel hands of the Armenians. Erzincan, Ardasa, Gmhane, Vakfkebir, and Polathane have become the scenes of massacres. Especially, Erzincan and Bayburt, where the Armenian gang leaders Marat and Arshak burned thousands of Muslims alive by gathering them in the houses recently. They have bayoneted those who wanted to run away from the fires. They have massacred women and children outrageously. I have notified the Russian Caucasian Armies Commander-inChief Infantry General Perzevalisky, and the Russian Army Commander General Odichelidze about these atrocities on various dates. I have asked them to put an end to those outrageous events over and over again. Although I have to admit wholeheartedly that the Russian command echelons are truly good willed, because of the circumstances beyond their control, it was proven by the ever evolving of those tragic events that massacres and atrocities could not have been stopped. For those reasons, to protect the welfare of the Ottoman subjects, their properties, lives, and honors, and to set security in the regions evacuated by the Russian units, I felt obliged to send some of the units affiliated to two armies under my command to those regions; and I have notified the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Caucasian Armies General Odichelidze by a written message and wireless telegram. Moreover, the aim of this operation, is the repulsing of the Armenian gangs and securing the well-being of the innocent people living in the mentioned regions; I have ordered the unit commanders that Russian troops, and the Russian government, for whom we have unyielding ties of friendship and respect, should not be met with any sign of hostility whatsoever, and wherever a Russian troop is met they should be entertained with due respect. Hence, I have the honor of declaring that all the terms of the Erzincan Ceasefire Agreement are still valid as they always

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were, including the terms relating to the intermediate zones that are invalidated with the withdrawing of the Russian units. February 12, 1918 Operations-980 Commander of the Ottoman Armies at the Caucasian Front Lieutenant General Vehip Mehmet

---------3rd Army Command Office of the Chief of Staff 1st Division Code

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---------From Army Command

To: 4th Army Chief of Staff C. February 10, 1918 Intelligence The summary of the atrocities, obtained from various sources, committed by the Armenians on the Muslims in the occupied regions is as follows: 1. Armenians have massacred more than 200 Muslims in Erzincan under the pretext of searching for weapons. 2. Armenians have gathered some 1.500 Muslims in Vahit Beys mansion in the town and set the mansion afire from all sides, those who tried to save their lives by jumping out of the windows were shot and bayoneted to death by the surrounding Armenians. 3. Armenians have gathered hundreds of children and women in the Kale barracks in Erzincan and burned them alive. 4. They have taken 650 Muslims under the pretext of working them at a road construction and massacred them all. 5. There are hardy any Muslim women and girls whose honors were left untouched. 6. Polathane, Vakfkebir, and Bayburt have become scenes of massacres. 7. The organizer of the murders in Erzincan is Marat from Sivas, an Armenian gang leader. The other gang leader, in Bayburt, Arshak, takes Marat as his example. 8. The Russian Caucasus Army Command was informed about the previous incidents continuously, and this proved to be useful hardly any if at all. 198

9. I hereby would like to stress that, the operations mentioned are only targeted to obliterate the Armenians gangs who took up arms and indulged in committing atrocities and malicious deeds on the Muslims; all the children, women, and the senior people are entertained with due respect proper to the nobility, and kindness and compassion of the Ottoman soldier. February 15, 1918 Operations - 1070

3rd Army Chief of Staff Colonel (Signed)

Bk. s. / See pp. 525-531

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Harp Vesikalar Dosyas Numara Suret Bakomutanla ifre Kiiye zeldir Ermenilerin Mslmanlara uyguladklar mezalim hakknda gvenilir muhbirlerin son olarak bildirdikleri bilgiler aada arz edilmitir. 1. gal edilen topraklarda kalp da, namusu ayaklar altna alnmadk Mslman kadn ve kzna ok az rastlanmaktadr. 2. Gmhanenin dousundaki Teke kynde, iki Mslman feci bir ekilde paralanmtr. 3. Tandrlkta 25 Mslman arabalar iinde kesilmitir. 4. Gmhanenin kuzeybatsndaki Zanca kynn muhtarna ikence edildikten sonra, kznn rzna tecavz edildii gibi, ertesi gn sz konusu kye gelen 15 Ermeni yine muhtarn kzna tecavz etmilerdir. Bu bilgileri veren muhbir Rumdur. 12 ubat 1918 Harekt-1049 Asl gibidir. 3 nc Ordu Komutan Korgeneral Vehip Mehmet

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War Documents File Number Copy To: Office of the Commander-in-Chief Code Private The latest information given by the reliable informers about the atrocities being committed against the Muslims by the Armenians in Erzincan are as follows: 1. There are hardly any Muslim women or girls whose honors have not been touched in the occupied lands. 2. Two Muslims have been torn apart outrageously in the Teke village on the east of Gmhane. 3. 25 Muslims were massacred in carriages in Tandrlk (S 54) 4. They have tortured the mukhtar of the Zanca village (S 57) on the northwest of Gmhane, and raped his daughter; the 15 Armenians who came to the same village the next day also raped her. This information was given by a Romaic informer. February 12, 1918 Operations-1049 In unison with the original. 3rd Army Commander Lieutenant General Vehip Mehmet

Bk. s. / See pp. 533-534

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Alucra 13 ubat 1918 1 nci ube 3 nc Ksm Numara 537 Telefon ok gizli

3 nc Ordu Komutanlna 1. 3 numaral zel kuvvetten alnan 9 ubat 1918 tarihli haberden karlan bilgilerin zeti: a. 3 numaral zel kuvvetin mevcudu silhl 149 kiiye ulamtr. b. zel kuvvet 8-9 ubat 1918 gecesi Gmhaneyi igal etmi, Bayburt, Trabzon ve Gmhaneye gelen yollar kesmitir. c. Gmhane, Trabzon yolunu kesmekle grevli olan kuvvet, Kprba Hanlar ile Zigana Hanlar arasnda Trabzona gemek isteyen 10-15 kiilik bir Ermeni etesine rastlam, ete ile giriilen atma sonucunda beini ldrmlerdir. Geri kalan 5-10 Ermeni de firar etmitir. etenin says henz anlalamamtr. Bir miktar eya ve hayvan ele geirilmitir. 2. 10 ncu Kafkas Alayna iltica eden Dastanl bir Mslman ile esaretten kaan bir mltecimizin Tmenden gelen ifadesi: a. ki ay nce Erzurumda 200 erle, 3 makineli tfekten meydana gelen bir Ermeni etesi varm. b. Bayburtta 15 gn nce Arak komutasnda, byk bir ksm ok gen ve 300 atl olmak zere 1000 kadar Ermeni varm. Bu Ermenilerin ounluu da Kafkasyadan gelmilerdir. Bazlarnn aileleri yanlarndadr. Bayburtta hastalk yoktur. Ruslar, Bayburt erzak ambarn Ermenilere brakmtr. c. Mlteciler, Bayburtta 5-10 Rus askeriyle, Ruslar tarafndan vastasz olarak terkedilmi olan 7-8 kadar topu gtrmlerdir. d. Yaklak 45 gn nce Bayburtun dou mahallesinde Sleyman Aa ismindeki Mslmann evine giren bir Ermeni mfrezesi, Sleymann kzna tecavz etmek istemi. Ermeniler, buna engel olmak isteyen Sleymann ban birka yerden bakla yaralamlar. Dardan yetien Mslman, Sleyman Aay kurtarmlardr. e. Pulur dalar yaylasnn gneyinde bulunan Hayk kynde, Akolu Ahmet, Hasan ve Hseyin ismindeki kii, erzak alm dnerken, yolda Ermeniler tarafndan katledilmilerdir. Olayn gn belirlenememitir.

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3. 1 ve 2 numaral zel kuvvetlerden alnan bilgilerin zeti: 7 ubat 1918 tarihli raporda, Cevizlikin 5 km gneybatsnda bulunan spele1 kynde, Mslmanlara saldran bir dman etesinin pskrtld, ancak bir Mslmann ehit olduu bildirilmitir. Olayn tarihi bildirilmemitir. 13 ubat 1918 Harekttan 537 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Tugeneral evki 2 nci Kafkas Tmeni tercmanlarndan alnmtr. ----------------------Alucra February 13, 1918 1st Division 3rd Section Number 537 Telephone Classified To: 3rd Army Command 1. Summary of the information deduced from the report of the Special Forces numbered 3, dated February 9, 1918: a. The armed strength of the Special Forces numbered 3 has reached to 149 men. b. Special Forces has captured Gmhane in the evening of February 8-9, 1918, and blockaded the roads leading to Bayburt, Trabzon, and Gmhane. c. The unit to blockade Gmhane-Trabzon road met an Armenian gang of 10-15 men, wanted to pass over to Trabzon, between Kprba Inns and Zigana Inns. They have killed five of the gang members during the skirmish. The remaining 5-10 Armenians fled away. Total number of the members of the gang could not have been determined yet. Some belongings and animals were seized.
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Trabzon, Maka, Ocakl.

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2. Following are the testimonies of a Muslim from Dagestan who took refuge in the 10th Caucasian Regiment, and of a refugee who escaped from captivity, as received from the Division: a. There was an Armenian gang of 200 men, and 3 machine guns in Erzurum two months ago. b. There were some 1.000 very young Armenians, 300 of which were mounted, in Bayburt under the command of Arshak 15 days ago. Most of those Armenians had come from Caucasus. Some have their families with them. There are no epidemics in Bayburt. Russians handed the Bayburt Provisions Depot to the Armenians. c. Refugees have seen 5-10 Russian soldiers, and 7-8 guns left by the Russians without carriages. d. Some 45 days ago an Armenian detachment entered the house of a Muslim, called Sleyman Agha, in the eastern district of Bayburt, and tried to rape Sleymans daughter. Armenians wounded Sleyman Agha, who wanted to save his daughter, in the head with their knives. Three Muslims passing by saved Sleyman Aghas life. e. Three people Akolu Ahmet, Hasan, and Hseyin, from Hayk village in the southern side of the Pulur Mountain Plains who went for buying provisions were massacred on their way back by the Armenians. The day of the incident could not have been determined. 3. The summary of the information received from the Special Forces numbered 1 and 2: In the report dated February 7, 1918, it is stated that an enemy gang attacking the Muslims was repulsed in the spele village, located at a distance of 5 kilometers to the southeast of Cevizlik, and that a Muslim was martyred. (The date of the event has not been mentioned). February 13, 1918 Operations 537. 2nd Caucasian Corps Commander Brigadier General evki Received from the 2nd Caucasian Division Translators

Bk. s. / See pp. 535-538

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13 ubat 1918 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna

1. Ermeni etelerinin, ehrin bat knda kar koymalarna ramen, 108 nci Alay 2 nci Tabur saat 17:30 da hcum ederek Erzincana girmitir. ehir iinde hafif atmalar devam ediyor. 2. Bugnk olaylar u ekilde cereyan etmitir: a. 36 nc Tmenden 100 kiilik seilmi askerler, hava aydnlamadan nce Krtbrastikte bulunan Ermeni etesini bastrarak, ikisini ldrm, ancak dierleri kamtr. Bu arada Ermeniler, yakn kylerin halkndan Krtbrastikte hapsettikleri 10 kiiyi ehit etmilerdir. Erlerimizden iki hafif yaral vardr. b. 36 nc Tmen Harekt Mfrezesinin byk bir ksm Erzincan Ovasna hakim srtlar igal etmilerdir. c.Yalnzbada1 ayn zamanda 9 ncu Tmenden yaklaan birliklerimizle 15 atl Ermeni arasnda atma km, bunlardan birisi ldrlm, dierleri firar etmilerdir. Bu srada, 80 kadar Ermeni svarisi ukurkuyuda2 ve 100 kadar piyadesi de Krklar Tepesinde grlmtr. d. leden sonra keif iin Erzincan istikametine gnderilen 108 nci Alay 2 nci Tabur, saat 15:00 de Erzincann (bat?) kndaki evlerin yaknlarndan ate eden ve 150 kadar olduklar tahmin edilen Ermeni ekyasnn direniini krarak, 1 nci maddede arz olunduu gibi Erzincana girmitir. 3. Bat Dersim birliklerinden bilgi alnamamtr. 4. Erzincana giren kuvvetimiz takviye edildi. 13/14 ubat 1918 gecesi Erzincann dou k ele geirilecektir. 9 ncu Tmenden sevk olunan kuvvetli bir mfreze de Horanda3 bulunacak, Krklar Tepesi ve Sere Boaz istikametlerini kefedecek ve gzetleyecektir. 5. Erzincanda bir, klalar tarafnda iki yerde yangn gryorum. 6. Kolordu Karargh 13/14 ubat 1918 gecesini Krtbrastikte geirecektir.

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Erzincan,Yalnzba. Erzincan, ukurkuyu. Erzincan,Demirkent.

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7. Bu rapor 3 nc Ordu, 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu, 4 nc Kolordu, 9 ncu Tmen ve 10 ncu Tmen Komutanlklarna yazlmak zere 13 ubat 1918 saat 19:30 da, Krtbrastikten telefon merkezine verilmitir. Telefonla yazlmtr. 13 ubat.H. 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Albay Kzm Karabekir

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---------February 13, 1918

To: 3rd Army Command

1. Despite the Armenian gangs resistance on the western side of the town, the 2nd Batalion of the 108th Regiment launching an attack at 17:30 entered Erzincan. Skirmishes are still continuing in the town. 2. The events of the day developed as follows: a. A group of 100 soldiers chosen from the 36th Division has raided an Armenian gang in Krtbrastik before the daylight and killed two of them, others managed to run away. Meanwhile, the Armenians have martyred 10 people whom they have gathered from the neighboring villages and imprisoned in Krtbrastik. There are only two slightly wounded soldiers. b. Later, the Operations Detachment of the 36th Division captured the hills over looking the Erzincan Plains. c. On the other hand, in Yalnzba, a skirmish took place between our approaching units affiliated to the 9th Division and 15 mounted Armenians, one of them was killed and the others ran away. Meanwhile, some 80 mounted Armenians were seen in ukurkuyu, and some 100 Armenian infantries on the Krklar Hill. d. In the afternoon, 2nd Battalion of the 108th Regiment was sent towards Erzincan for reconnoitering. This Battalion breaking the resistance of some 150 Armenian bandits, who have opened fire from the houses located in the western exit of the town, entered Erzincan as mentioned in Article 1 above. 3. No information could have been obtained from the Western Dersim units. 4. Our forces that entered Erzincan have been reinforced. Eastern exit of Erzincan will be captured in the night of February 13/14, 1918. A strong detachment from the 9th Division will be positioned in Horan, and will reconnoiter and observe the directions of Krklar Hill and Sere Strait. 5. I can see a conflagration in Erzincan, and two others on the direction of the barracks. 208

6. Corps Headquarters will spend the night of February 13/14, 1918 in Krtbrastik. 7. This report has been given to the telephone center from Krtbrastik on February 13, 1918, at 19:30 to be written to the Commands of the 3rd Army, 2nd Caucasian Corps, 4th Corps, 9th Division, and to the Command of the 10th Division. Written on the telephone. 1st Caucasian Corps Commander Colonel Kzm Karabekir

Bk. s. / See pp. 539-541

209

Bakomutanla Acele ve zeldir. Bugn Erzincana geldim. ardakl Boazndan Erzincana kadar olan btn kyleri, bir kulbe bile salam kalmamak zere tahrip edilmi grdm. Bahelerin aalar kesilmi, kyllerden bir kii bile sa kalmamtr. Ermenilerin Erzincanda yaptklar faciay dnya tarihi bugne kadar kaydetmemitir. gndr, Ermeniler tarafndan ldrlen ve akta kalan Mslmanlarn cenazeleri toplattrlmaktadr. ehit edilen gnahsz ve masum halk arasnda, memeden kesilmemi ocuklar, doksan yan gemi ihtiyarlar, paralanm kadnlar vardr. Bunlarn fotoraflar ektirilmektedir. Olaylar hakknda da tutanaklar tutturulacaktr. Haber alnacak (acil?) ve nemli olaylar srasyla arz edilecektir. (mza) Kapatld 16 ubat 1918 -----------------------

To: Office of Commander-in-Chief Urgent and Private I have arrived Erzincan today. I saw that all the villages extending from ardakl Strait to Erzincan have been demolished thoroughly not even to save a hut. All the trees of the orchards have been chopped down, not a single human was left alive. The world history did not record such tragic outrageous massacres committed by the Armenians in Erzincan to day. For the last three days the corpses of the Muslims massacred by the Armenians, left in the open, are being collected. Among the innocent and guiltless people martyred are children unweaned, senior people over 90, and butchered women. Their photographs are being taken. Minutes will be drawn about the events. The urgent and important events to be obtained will be presented in due time respectively. (signed) Closed February 16, 1918

Bk. s. / See pp. 543-544

211

Grlmtr mza Erzincan 37 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna 1-Kolordu cephesinde sessizlik vardr. 2- Bugn (24 ubat 1918) Yavi1, Yeniky, Akale taraflarna kuvvetli birer subay keif kolu gnderilmitir. 3- Ermeni eteleri Mamahatundan kaarken buradan 100, civar kylerden toplanlan 200 toplam 300 Mslman sng ve kurunla ehit etmilerdir. Mhimmat dolu camiyi, hkmet konan, Han shhiye istasyonunu ve erzak bulunduu haber alnan 60 kadar evi yakmlardr. Civar kylerden erzak depolar da yaklp tahrip olunmu, yalnz Boyac kolunda yerel halk tarafndan yama edilenlerden 3,5 ton eitli erzak ile Mamahatundan 8 ton kadar etlik konserve bulunabilmitir. Kylerde ve Mamahatunda dank olarak rastlanlan cephane ve at maddeleri toplatlarak miktar ve cinsinin belirlenmesine allmaktadr. Kolordunun takip ettii gzergh Ermenilerin kat yolla ayn olduundan, haydutlar kaarken mevcut erzak yakmakta ve yaklamayan az bir (ksm da?) yerli halk tarafndan yama edilmektedir. Grevli birliklerimiz Beyman ve Mamahatun blgesine ilk ulatnda Dersim airetlerinden ve milislerinden hibir kimseye rastlamamlardr. Yerli halkn elindeki yama edilen erzakn toplanmasna, bir taraftan da satn alnmasna allmaktadr. 4- Hava aktr. 5- Bu rapor 3 nc Ordu, 2 nci Kolordu ve 4 nc Kolordu Komutanlklarna arz edilmek zere 24 ubat 1918 saat 18de Erzincan Telgraf Merkezine verilmitir. 24 ubat 1918 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Kzm Karabekir 24 ubat 1918 Saat 18:30

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Erzurum, at, Yavi.

213

Erzincan 37 To: 3rd Army Command 1- The Corps front is all-silent.

February 15, 1918 At: 18:30

2- Today (February 24, 1918) strong reconnaissance patrols composed of officers have been sent over to Yavi, Yeniky, and Akale. 3- While the Armenian gangs were fleeing from Mamahatun they have martyred 300 Muslims, 200 of whom were gathered from the neighboring villages, either with bullets or with bayonets. They have set the mosque full of ammunition, government building, Han medical station, and some 60 houses that were said to be keeping provisions. Provision supplies of the neighboring villages were also set afire and demolished; however, on the Boyac side 3.5 tons of various types of provisions along with 8 tons of canned meat, which were plundered by the local people, were found. The amount and the type of the ammunition found in the open are being collected and grouped. As the itinerary the Corps is following is the same with the road the Armenians took for fleeing, the gang members are setting the provisions they can find afire as they pass, and some that could not have been burned are plundered by the local people. Our units did not meet any member of the Dersim tribes and militiamen when they first reached Beyman and Mamahatun regions. Units are trying to collect the plundered provisions from the locals, and on the other hand they are trying to purchase some more provisions. 4- Weather is clear. 5- This report is given to the Erzincan Telegraph Center on February 24, 1918, at 18:00 to be submitted to the Command Headquarters of the 3rd Army, 2nd and 4th Corps. February 24, 1918 Commander of the 1st Caucasian Corps Kzm Karabekir

Bk. s. / See pp. 545-547

214

1 nci ube 3 nc Ksm Say 679

27 ubat 1918 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna

Kelkit 150

Cevap. 23 ubat 1918. Harekt 1239 numaral yazyla ...dan ricat eden Ermenilerin geri ekilmeleri esnasnda Avcmadenhanlarnn 4 km gneydousundaki Harorti ky1 halkndan olmak zere toplam 8 Mslman katlettikleri anlalmtr. Bu ahslarn kimliklerinin belirlenmesi ile bu olaylarn ve dier cinayet olaylarnn mmkn olduka fotoraflarnn ektirilmesi hakknda birliklere emir verilmitir. Elde edilebilecek sonularn peyderpey bildirilecei arz olunur. 26 ubat 1918 Harekt 679 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan evki ---------3 nc Ordu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube 1 nci Ksm Say Bakomutanla ifre Kiiye zeldir 1- Ermenilerin Madenhanlar civarnda katlettiini 26 ubat 1918 tarih ve 1337 numara ile arz ettiim 5 Mslmandan baka Madenhanlarnn gneydousundaki Harorti ky halkndan da 3 Mslman katletmilerdir. 2- Ermeni eteleri Yenikyde 20 evi yakmlardr. 3- Ermenilerin Akaleden firarlarndan nce halktan 35 kiiyi ehit etmi olduklar arz olunur. 27 ubat 1918 - Harekt - 1378 3 nc Ordu Komutan Korgeneral Vehip Mehmet ---------1

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---------Ordu Karargh

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Bayburt, Maden, Kratl.

215

1st Division 3rd Section Number 679 February 27, 1918 Kelkit 150 To: 3rd Army Command As understood from the message C. dated February 23, 1918 numbered operations 1239, that, while withdrawing from, the Armenians have massacred 8 Muslims from the people of Harorti village, located at a distance of 4 kilometers in the southeast of Avcmadenhanlar. The units have been ordered to identify the bodies and to picture this event and the other events of massacres as much as possible. The results to be obtained shall be submitted in due time. February 26, 1918 Operations 679

2nd Caucasian Corps Commander evki

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3rd Army Command Office of the Chief of Staff 1st Division 1st Section To: Office of Commander-in-Chief Code Private

Army Headquarters

1- Other than the 5 Muslims massacred by the Armenians in the environs of Madenhanlar, with I have informed about earlier with a message dated February 26, 1918, and numbered 1337, they have massacred 3 Muslims from the Harorti village in the southeast of Madenhanlar. 2- Armenian gangs have set 20 houses in Yeniky. 216

3- Prior to their fleeing from Akale, the Armenians have martyred 35 local people.

February 27, 1918 Operations 1378 3rd Army Commander Lieutenant General Vehip Mehmet

Bk. s. / See pp. 549-551

217

3 nc Ordu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube Say

Ordu Kararghndan

2 nci Kafkas Kolordu Komutanlna Cevap. 7 ubat 1918 tarih ve 448 numaral telefona. Telefon Kelkite gelen Hayk ky imam ve muhtarna istedikleri silhlar verebilirsiniz. Gerek bu ky halknn ve gerekse civarlarnda bulunan Mslman kylerin halknn imdiden yiyecekleriyle beraber Sadakn batsna aldrlmalarn nemli gryorum. Arakn, Mslmanlar Bayburtta toplamas, onlar yok etmek amacna yneliktir. Nitekim Erzincan katliam bu ekilde olmutur. Ermenilerin davetine uymamamalarnn gerektiini abuk ve gvenilir aralarla kendilerine duyurulmasn rica ederim. 28 ubat 1918 Harekt 895 3 nc Ordu Komutan Korgeneral

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3rd Army Command Office of the Chief of Staff 1st Division To: 2nd Caucasian Corps Command In reply to the telephone message. Rejoinder, dated February 7, 1918 and numbered 448. You may give the required weapons to the imam and the mukhtar of the Hayk village, who came to Kelkit in pursuit of arms. I find it convenient and important to move the people of this village and of the other Muslim villages in its neighborhood to the western sector of Sadak with their provisions as of today.

219

Arshaks gathering of Muslims in Bayburt aims at their obliteration. The Erzincan massacres were performed likewise. I urge you to inform the citizens, via reliable and urgent means, on not attending to the Armenians invitation. February 28, 1918 Operations 895 3rd Army Commander Lieutenant General

Bk. s. / See pp. 553-554

220

2 nci Kolordu 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna Aceledir

1 Mart 1918

Mrettep Svari Alayndan 1 Mart 1918 saat 19:30 da yazlan ve imdi alnan haber zeti aada arz edilmitir: 1- Karabyk1 blgesindeki Ermeniler, bugn sabaha kar Erzuruma doru ekilmilerdir. Alaca ky istikametine sevk edilen keif kolumuz, Ermenileri takip etmektedir. Bu keif kolunun Evreni kynden yazd haberde, kyn yanmakta olduu bildirilmitir. 2- Ermeniler Tazegl ky halkndan 30 kadar kadn ve ocuu katletmiler, 15 gn nce de 25 kadar erkei bilinmeyen bir yere gtrmler ve kyn bir ksmn yakmlardr. 3- oruh nehrinin kaynana doru sevk edilmi olan keif kolumuz, geri dnerek alayna katlmtr. Verdii haberde, blgede Ermeni grlmedii, Paa kynde Ruslarn brakm olduu eitli cins erzakn kyller tarafndan yamalanarak paylald ve bu blge halknn olduka iyi durumda olduu bildirilmitir. 1 Mart 1918 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Tugeneral evki

---------Kelkit 2 Mart 1918 Aceledir.

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3 nc Ordu Komutanlna Mrettep Svari Alaynn bulunduu Ekemansur2 kynden 2 Mart 1918 gn leden sonra saat 18.15 de verilen haberin zeti arz olunur.

1 2

Erzurum, Kandilli, Karabyk. Erzurum, Akale, Kandilli, ayky.

221

1- Erzuruma doru ekilen Ermenilerle temasn devam etmesi iin Aa-Hokis istikametlerinde birer keif kolu bulunmaktadr. 2- Ermeniler Alaca kyn yakmlar. Bu kyn halkndan 400 kadar kadn, ocuk ve erkei de, bir eve doldurarak yakmak suretiyle katletmilerdir. Meydanda 200 kadar ceset vardr. Kyde yanm bir ambar bulunmu ve iinden ancak 15 uval kadar un karlabilmitir. 3- Karabykhanlarnda1 bulunan erzakn da 4.000 uval un, 3.000 sandk et konservesi, 1.000 uval arpa, pek ok peksimet, bulgur, krma vesairden ibaret olduunu, Svari Alay Komutan tarafndan haber veriliyor. Bu ambarlar (....) memuru tarafndan teslim alnmaktaym. 4- leri srlen keif kollarndan henz haber gelmedii arz edilir. 2 Mart 1918 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Tugeneral evki 1nci ube 2 Mart 1918 Lojistik Destek ubesine ve 4 nc ube (?) erzak iin bilgi verelim. mza

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2nd Corps

March 1, 1918

3rd Army Command Urgent Following is the summary of the report written by the Special Cavalry Regiment on March 1, 1918, at 19:30. 1- The Armenians in the Karabyk region retreated towards Erzurum early in the morning today. Our reconnaissance team sent over to Alaca village is pursuing the Armenians. In a report they have written in the reni village they stated that the village was in flames.

Erzurum, Akale, Kandilli.

222

2- Armenians have massacred some 30 women and children of the people of Tazegl village; and have taken some 25 men to an unknown place 15 days ago and set the village afire partly. 3- A reconnaissance team sent towards the source of the oruh River having completed its duty joined its regiment. In the report they have presented, they stated that there were no Armenians in the region, and the provisions left by the Russians in the Paa village were all plundered by the villagers; and they have also mentioned that the people of the region were quite rich. March 1, 1918 2nd Caucasian Corps Commander Brigadier General evki

---------Kelkit March 2, 1918

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To: 3rd Army Command Urgent

Following is the summary of the report written by the Special Cavalry Regiment in Ekemansur village on March 2, 1918, at 18:15. 1- There are reconnaissance teams on the directions of Aga and Hokis to keep contact with the Armenians retreating towards Erzurum. 2- The Armenians who have set the Alaca village afire, burned some 400 women, children, and men alive by gathering them in a house. There are some 200 corpses in the village square. A burned depot was found in the village; and only 15 sacks of flour could have been gathered from the depot. 3- The commander of the cavalry regiment declares that the provisions found in Karabykhanlar included 4.000 sacks of flour, 3.000 boxes of canned meat, 1.000 sacks of barley, large quantities of hard bread, pounded wheat, and embden groats. These depots are being taken over by the warehouse official. 223

4- No reports have been received from the reconnaissance teams sent forward. March 2, 1918 2nd Caucasian Corps Commander Brigadier General evki 1st Division March 2, 1918 Please inform Logistic Support Department and the 4th Department (?) for provisions. (Signed)

Bk. s. / See pp. 555-559

224

Alaca 100 3 nc Ordu Komutanlna

Kolordu Kararghnn Alacaya geliinde, Ermenilerin elinden kaarak kurtulabilen 48 kiiden baka, iki odaya doldurarak ldrmeye teebbs ettikleri Mslman halktan 278ini ehit ve 42sini, ounluu ar olmak zere, yaral buldum. Yarallarn tedavi ve istirahatlarna allmaktadr. 278 ehit iinde, rzlarna tecavz edildikten sonra cierleri duvarlara aslm gen kzlar, karnlar deilmi hamile kadnlar, beyinleri snglenmi veya vcutlarna benzin dklerek yaklm ocuk ve erkeklerin oluturduu pek hazin manzara vardr. 2 nci Kolordudan gelirken Arapgir1 ve Einde2 3-4 bin Ermeninin ksmen Mslman olma perdesi arkasnda byk bir hrriyet ve tam bir eitlikle mutlu bir hayat geirmekte olduklarn hatrlaynca, grdm bu iki alacak durum arasndaki ztlktan doan znt ve kederimi size bu zavall ehitlerin baucundan arz etmeyi vicdan bir szyla hissettiimi arz ederim. 10 Mart 1918 Harekt 397 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Kzm Karabekir ---------Alaca 100 To: 3rd Army Command Upon Corps Headquarterss arrival in Alaca, I found 278 martyrs who were gathered in two rooms, 42 heavily wounded Muslims, other than the 48 people who managed to get away from the hands of the Armenians. Among the 278 martyrs there were raped young girls whose lungs were hung on the walls, pregnant women whose wombs were ripped, children and men whose brains were drained with bayonets or whose bodies burned with kerosene. It was an extremely tragic scene. Remembering that some 3.000 4.000 Armenians I have seen in Arapkir and Ein were living in happiness in great
1 2

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Malatya, Arapgir. Erzincan, Kemaliye.

225

freedom, and with equal rights, under the disguise of being partially Muslims, I could not help myself but to express my deep sorrow and heartfelt grief, right in front of the corpses, arose from this dichotomy, as I was coming from the 2nd Corps. March 10, 1918
st

Operations 397

1 Caucasian Corps Commander Kzm Karabekir

Bk. s. / See pp. 561-562

226

3 nc Ordu Komutanlna Ermenilerin Erzurumda da mezalim ve katliam yapp yapmadklarnn bildirilmesi. 19 Mart 1918 stihbarat 4 nc Ordu Komutan Cemal

---------3 nc Ordu Kurmay Bakanl

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Erzurum 21 Mart 1918 Bakomutanla ifre Cevap. 13 14 Mart 1918 Harekt 1156 numaral ifrenin ikinci maddesi. Son olarak igalden kurtardmz Erzincan ve Erzurumun mevcut durumu aada arz edilmitir: Uradklar felket ve harap olmalar itibariyle birbirine ok benzeyen bu iki irin ehrimizin, zenle yaplm resm ve zel binalar, Ermeniler tarafndan tamamen ve kasten yaklmtr. kinci derecedeki evler ve kurumlar, iki seneden beri Rus ordusunun yerlemesi ve igaliyle harabeye dndrlmtr. Denilebilir ki, her iki ehir de yeniden canlandrlmaya ve imar edilmeye muhta bir haldedir. Erzincann btn klalar, Erzurumun svari klas, hkmet ve kolordu daireleri, yanan resm binalar arasndadr. Ksacas her iki ehir de yaklm, yklm, aalar kesilmi ve gerek anlamyla bir yangn yerine evrilmitir. Bu ehirlerin halkna gelince: Bunlarn da eli silh tutanlar, balangta yol yaptrmak bahanesiyle toplanm ve Sarkam istikametinde sevk edilerek ortadan kaldrlmlardr. ehirde kalan halk ise Rus ordusunun ekilmesiyle balayan Ermeni katliam ve mezalimi ile ksmen ortadan kaldrlm, kuyulara atlm, evlere doldurulup yaklm, sng ve kltan geirilmi ve mezbaha olarak 227

kullandklar yerlerde karnlar deilmi, cierleri karlm; kzlar ve kadnlar her trl ktle uradktan sonra salarndan aslmlardr. Engizisyon mezalimini aratacak derecede alaka olan bu mezalimden saklanabilmi az sayda halk ise sefalet ve gariplikten, bu manzarann kendilerine verdii dehetten dolay ksmen l gibi duruyor, ksmen de geici cinnet halinde bulunuyorlar. Bunlarn says oluk ocuk dahil olduu halde imdilik Erzincanda 1.500, Erzurumda 30.000i gememektedir. Erzincan ve Erzurumda tarlalar ekilmemi, halkn elinde ne varsa alnm, a ve plak bir halde bulunmutur. Bugn bu halk alk yznden, igali takiben Ruslarn brakt ambarlardan ele geirdikleri bir ksm erzak ile karnlarn doyurmaktadrlar. Erzurum ve Erzincan civarndaki kyler daha ok acnacak durumdadr. Gzergh zerindeki kyler, tmyle yklm ve halk, kedisine varncaya kadar kesilmi, ta zerinde ta braklmamtr. Ermeni gzerghndan uzak olan kyler ise ksmen varln muhafaza etmekte, fakat halk alktan her gn topluluklar halinde orduya mracaat etmektedir. Mezalim tarihinin, henz byle feci bir olay kaydetmemi olduunu byk bir znt ile size bildirir, sa kalanlarn canlarnn korunmas iin eitli tarihlerde, gerek Bakanlnza ve gerekse ileri Bakanlna yazdm arz yazsnn sratle onaylanp yerine getirilmesi iin gerekli zenin gsterilmesini rica ederim. Harekta balayal 40 gn olduu halde, bu aresiz, a ve acnacak durumda olan millet iin hibir ey yaplmadn grerek, Osmanl Hkmetinin, yerine getirdii cankurtaran vazifesi ile Ermenilerin zulm klcndan kurtard Mslmanlar, aln korkun kollarna attn da ilve ederim efendim. 3 nc Ordu Komutan Korgeneral 23 Mart 1918 Harekt

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4 nc Ordu Komutanlna 1 Nisan 1918 ifre Cevap. Mart 1918 ifreye Erzurumun kurtulu tarihi olan 12 Mart 1918 tarihinden 20 Mart 1918 tarihine kadar geen zaman iinde, yalnz Erzurum iinde Ermeniler tarafndan gaddarca ehit edilmi 2.127 Mslman erkek cesedi tespit 228

Erzincanda Ermeni mahallesinde hapsedildikten sonra, 12 ubat 1918 tarihinde yaklan Trklere ait cesetler, defnedilmek zere tanrken. The corpses of the martyrs, captivated in Erzincans Armenian district and later burned alive on February 12, 1918, are being carried to a cemetery.

edildii ve aratrmaya devam edilmesinden dolay bundan sonraki tespitler hakknda da ayrca bilgi verilecei arz olunur. mza Kapatld 1 Nisan 1918

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To: 3rd Army Command Information on whether the Armenians have committed atrocities and massacres in Erzurum is required. March 19, 1918 Intelligence 4th Army Commander Cemal ---------3rd Army Office of Chief of Staff To: Office of the Commander-in-Chief Code Rejoinder. Pertaining to the second article of the code dated March 13-14, 1918, and numbered Operations 1156. The present situations of Erzincan and Erzurum, which we have recently rescued from occupation, are as follows: Carefully constructed governmental and private buildings of these two formerly charming cities have been thoroughly set afire on purpose by the Armenians; these cities are now very similar to each other in terms of the catastrophes they had met and ruins they share. The settling and occupation of the Russian army troops ruined the other houses and institutional buildings in the last two years. It can be said that both cities need to be reconstructed and reenlivened. All the barracks of Erzincan, the cavalry barracks of Erzurum, 229 --------------

Erzurum March 21, 1918

governmental and corps offices are among the burned official buildings. Consequently, both cities are completely burned, destroyed, trees cut, and both cities are turned in to a genuine places of calamity. As to the people of these cities: Those who were old enough to be drafted were first gathered under the pretext of working for road construction then were sent to the direction of Sarkam and annihilated. Those who remained in the city were partially annihilated by the Armenian massacres and atrocities, thrown in to the wells, burned in the houses, bayoneted or stabbed with swords, their abdomens were ripped in the places formerly used as slaughterhouse, lungs taken out; girls and women were hanged by the hair after being subjected to all means of evil activities. Few, who could hide themselves from those atrocities that would fail to match the atrocities committed by the inquisition, were looking like living dead because of poverty and unprotectedness, and because of the terror the scene exhibited; moreover, they are partially in a state of temporary insanity. The number of these people, including all the people, does nor exceed 1.500 in Erzincan, and 30.000 in Erzurum for the time being. The farms in Erzincan and Erzurum have not been cultivated, all the provisions the people had were taken from them, and they were found suffering in hunger and naked. Today, those people are trying to satisfy their hunger with small amount of provisions they found in the depots left by the Russians. The villages around Erzincan and Erzurum are in a more tragic situation. The people in the villages on the way are thoroughly exterminated to the cat, and destroyed completely. The villages away from the Armenian route are partially keeping their well being, but their inhabitants are applying to the army in groups for provisions. I here by would like to assert in deep grief that the history of atrocities had never recorded such a tragic incident, and request the putting of the measures I have proposed earlier on various dates, in writing, to your Ministry and to the Ministry of Interior for the protection of the living in to practice, immediately, prior to your approval. Although it has been 40 days since the beginning of the operations, seeing that nothing has been done for those people living in great despair, hunger, and in misery I urge the Ottoman Government, who served as a lifeguard and rescued its Muslim subjects from the pangs of Armenian atrocity and sword, not to throw them in to the terrifying hands of hunger, Sir. 3rd Army Commander Lieutenant General -----------------------

230

To: 4th Army Command April 1, 1918 Code Rejoinder. In reply to the code dated March 1918 During the days passed since March 12, 1918, the date of liberation of Erzurum, to March 20, 1918, corpses of 2.127 martyred Muslim men, outrageously massacred by the Armenians, were found only in Erzurum, and as the searches are still under way the corpses to be found will be reported in due time.

Bk. s. / See pp. 563-570

231

stanbulda Genel Karargh 2 nci ube Mdr Seyfi Beye Erzincan 1 Mays 1918

Trabzondan Erzincana kadar btn kyler birer harabe halindedir. Byk bir ksm, Ruslarn tahliyesi esnasnda, Ermeniler tarafndan tahrip edilmitir. Bu tahribata Rumlar da itirak etmilerdir. Halk, Ruslardan ok, gayrimslim vatandalarnn mezaliminden bkmtr. Trabzon Mslman mahallesi de yerle bir edilmitir. Mezarlklar, Ruslar tarafndan tiyatro yaplmtr. Camilerin duvarlarna en utan verici resimler yaplm, ileri gbrelerle dolu halde duruyor. Trabzon-Erzincan yolu zerinde meyve aalar kesilmi, evleri yklm a kadnlar, yollarda eski psk giyecekler iinde dileniyorlar. Hristiyan kyler aynen korunmutur. Erzincan, facialarn bir sahnesidir. Kuyular Mslman lleriyle doludur. Viran evlerin bahelerinde, arsalarda hl etleri zerinde duran insan cesetleri, eller ve ayaklar bulunuyor. En ssl Ermeni evlerinin kap yollar, tamamen kanla svanmtr. Ruslarn ehri tahliyesi esnasnda Mslmanlardan birou Ermeniler tarafndan hapsedilmi, talk nlerinde ktkler zerinde katledilmitir. Btn ehir harabedir. Genel Karargh 2 nci ubeye Memur Yzba Ahmet Refik

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Genel Karargh 2 nci ube Mdr Seyfi Beye Erzincan 2 Mays 1918 Erzincanda iki aydan beri, Mslman cenazelerinin defniyle uralyor. imdiye kadar kuyulardan karlan veya hendek kenarlarnda katledilenlerin toplam 606 kiidir. Bunlar, Ruslarn Erzincan igl etmeleri zerine Anadoluya ekilemeyen fakir halktr. Birou, elleri telefon telleriyle balanarak katledilmitir. Kuyudan karlanlar tamamen rmtr. Bazlarnn gslerinde sng yaralar, boazlarnda tel izleri grlyor. imdiye kadar kuyularda bulunabilen cesetler cami meydanna getirilmi, halk tarafndan tehis edilenler ailelerine teslim edilmitir. u anda Erzincann nfusu drt binden fazla deildir. Bunlarn byk bir ksm da yaln ayak, a, sefil ve perian bir haldedir. Erzincanda kaldmz drt gn iinde muhabirler ancak yarm saat kadar, mezalim sahnelerini gezdiler. O esnada da Ermeni kilisesiyle, mezarln ziyaret ettiler. Cesetleri vesaireyi grmeye nem vermiyorlar. kan ceset balarnn ve harap yerlerin fotoraflarn tamamen ektirdim. Erzurumun Alman Eski Konsolosu Andersin yanmzda bulunmas, muhabirleri incelemeye deer yerlere 233

gtrmeme engel olmaktadr. Muhabirlerin en ok ilgilendikleri yerler arlardr. Malmat olarak arz edilir. 4 nc Kolordu 2 nci ubeye Memur Ahmet Refik

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To: Seyfi Bey, Director of the 2nd Division at the General Headquarters in Istanbul Erzincan May 1, 1918

All the villages extending from Trabzon to Erzincan are all in ruins. Most of them were destroyed by the Armenians during Russians withdrawal. Romaics have also contributed in the demolishing of the villages. People had had enough of the non-Muslim citizens rather than the atrocities committed by the Russians. The Muslim district of Trabzon is thoroughly destroyed. The Russians have converted cemeteries in to theatres. Extremely shameful paintings are hung on the walls of the mosques that are filled with manure. All the trees bearing fruit have been cut on the TrabzonErzincan road, hungry women whose houses were set afire are begging in rags along the roads. Christian villages are saved. Erzincan is a scene of catastrophe. Wells are full of Muslim corpses. In the orchards of the ruined houses and in the building sites, there are still corpses whose flesh still hanging on the bones, cut hands and feet. The roads leading to the most beautiful Armenian houses are covered with blood thoroughly. During the Russians evacuation of the city, most of the Muslims were imprisoned by the Armenians, and were massacred in front of the courtyards on the chopping block. The entire city is in ruins. General Headquarters 2nd Division Official Captain Ahmet Refik

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To: Seyfi Bey, Director of the 2nd Division at the General Headquarters Erzincan May 2, 1918

People are busy with burying the Muslim corpses in Erzincan for the last two months. The number of the corpses taken out of the wells and the corpses found in the ditches is 636. These are the poor people who could not have been drawn to the inner regions of Anatolia during the Russian invasion of Erzincan. Most of them were massacred by being tied with telephone wires. Those who were taken out of the wells are completely putrefied. There are bayonet wounds on the chests of some of the corpses, and wire cuts on the necks of some of the corpses. The corpses found in the wells are brought to the mosque square, and those that could have been identified are given to their relatives. The number of people in Erzincan is not more than 3.000 4.000 for the time being. Most of them are barefooted, hungry, and living in misery. During our four-day stay in Erzincan the newspaper correspondents visited the sites of atrocities only for half-an-hour at the most. They have only visited the Armenian Church and the Armenian cemetery. They do not give any importance to observing the corpses. I had the photographers to take pictures of the heads found and the sites of clashes. The existence of Anders, the former German Consul of Erzurum, prevents me from taking the correspondents to the places worthy of inspection. The correspondents are mainly interested in the shopping districts. For your further information. 4th Corps 2nd Division Officer Ahmet Refik

Bk. s. / See pp. 571-575

235

Genel Karargh 2 nci ube Mdr Seyfi Beyefendiye Tercan Ermeniler tarafndan tamamen tahrip edilmitir. Kasabada salam hibir bina yoktur. Ruslarn cephane ambar olarak kullandklar cami, dinamitle uurulmutur. Mamahatun Trbesi yaklmtr. Kasaba adeta bir viraneliktir. Her taraf Mslman lleriyle doludur. Yalnz Mamahatunda, Ermenilerin ldrdkleri oluk ocuun says 700e ulamtr. Cesetlerin bazlarn bina iinde, bazlarn hendek kenarnda kollar bal olarak brakmlardr. Birounun ba balta ile kesilmitir. Halk, Ruslardan hibir ktlk grmemitir. Btn cinayetler ve ykmlar Ruslarn ekilmesinden sonra Ermeniler tarafndan yaplmtr. Ruslarn braktklar erzak, cephane ve malzeme, ehri savunan Ermeniler tarafndan yaklmtr. Kasabada birok istihkm aletleri ve kereste mevcuttur. 4 Mays 1918 Karargh // 2 nci ube Grevlisi Yzba Ahmet Refik

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Genel Karargh 2 nci ube Mdr Seyfi Beye Erzurum 8 Mays 1918

Erzurum, Ermeni mezaliminden dolay harap bir haldedir. Ermeniler, Erzurumdan ekilmeden nce 300 kadar Mslman bir konaa doldurmular, zerlerine benzin dkerek yakmlardr. Konan enkaz arasnda hl ynlarla insan cesetlerine ve paralanm insan beyinlerine tesadf ediliyor. Ermenilerin, ilerini bu ekilde, yzlerce Mslman doldurarak yaktklar konaklarn says pek oktur. Mezalimi idare edenler Antranik ile Fransz Albay Moreldir. Erzurumun iinde toplanan cenazelerin miktar 4000dir. Bu sayya birok kadn ve ocuk da dahldir. Ermenilerin yalnz Ilcalarda katlettikleri erkek, kadn ve ocuk says 2000e yakndr. Ermeniler, halk evlere doldurup yaktklar gibi, yol yaptrmak bahanesiyle gtrdkleri ehir dnda da katletmilerdir. Erzurumda bu ekilde kaybolanlar 111 kiidir. Bu can kaybna kyler dahl deildir. Muhabirle, mezalim yerlerini Vali Beyle beraber yarm saat gezdiler. ki gn sonra 237

Kars-Batum yoluyla geri dnyoruz. Erzurumda mezalim sahnelerinin, harap yerlerin fotoraflarn ektirdim. Malmat olarak arz edilir. Genel Karargh 2 nci ubeye Grevlisi Yzba Ahmet Refik

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To: Seyfi Bey, Director of the 2nd Division, General Headquarters Tercan The town is completely demolished by the Armenians. There are no undamaged buildings in the town. The mosque that was used by the Russians as the ammunition depot had been demolished by using dynamites. Mamahatun Shrine has been set afire. The town is in complete ruins. Every corner of the town is covered with Muslims corpses. The number of the people massacred by the Armenians reached to 700. Some of the corpses are found in the buildings, beside the ditches as their arms are tied. Most of them were decapitated with axes. People have not been subjected to maltreatment by the Russians. All the murders and the destruction were made by the Armenians after the withdrawal of the Russians. All the provisions, ammunition, and the equipment were destroyed by the Armenians defending the town. There are lots of fortification tools and lumber in the town. May 4, 1918 Officer at the Headquarters 2nd Division Captain Ahmet Refik

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To: Seyfi Bey, Director of the 2nd Division, General Headquarters Erzurum May 8, 1918

Erzurum in ruins as a result of the Armenian atrocities. Prior to their withdrawal from Erzurum, the Armenians have gathered some 300 Muslims in a mansion, and set it afire with gasoline. Among the ruins of the mansion, piles of corpses, smashed human brains can still be seen. There are lots of mansions that were set afire with hundreds of Muslims in them. The instigators of the atrocities are Antranik and the French Colonel Morel. The number of the corpses gathered in Erzurum is 4.000. This number also includes women and children. The number of the massacred including men, women, and children in Ilcalar is close to 2.000. As the Armenians gathered the people in the houses and set them afire, they have also massacred the ones whom they have taken from the town, under the pretext of road construction, in the out skirts of the town. The number of the missing people in Erzurum is 111. The villages are not included to the above given numbers. The newspaper correspondents toured the scenes of massacre for half-an-hour together with the governor of the town. Two or three days later we shall return via Kars-Batum road. I had the scenes of massacres and of ruins in Erzurum photographed. For your further information. Officer at the Headquarters 2nd Division Captain Ahmet Refik

Bk. s. / See pp. 577-582

239

Adanadan 25 Mays 1918 2 nci Ordu Komutanlna Say 581 ok nemli ve aceledir: slahiyede1 Sabunsuyu civarnda ortaya kan, otuz veya krk kiilik Ermeni etesinin, halktan drt ve jandarmadan iki olmak zere toplam alt kiiyi feci bir ekilde katlettikleri, Cebel-i Bereket2 Jandarma Tabur Komutanlnn adna Jandarma Alay Komutanlndan bildirilmitir. Genel jandarma kuvvetinin sevkiyle, haydutlarn uzaklatrlmas, Mutasarrfla yazlmtr. Asker ynden gerekli mfreze kuvvetinin tertip ve sevki iin, ilgili yerlere sratle teblilerde bulunulmas istenmektedir. 12 nci Kolordu Komutanlna da yazlmtr. Adana Valisi Nazm

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---------slahiyeden 24 Mays 1918

2 nci Ordu Komutanlna 22 Mays 1918de slahiyenin dokuz saat gneydousunda bulunan Haclar3 ve Burunsuz4 kyleri arasnda, 40 kiilik bir Ermeni etesinin ortaya karak, pusuya drdkleri 7 jandarma erini ldrdkleri ve meselenin aratrlarak ve takip edilmesi iin bu sabah kuvvetli bir mfrezenin sevk edildii arz olunur. Emniyet Blgeleri Komutan Yarbay Akif -----------------------

1 2

Gaziantep, slahiye. Osmaniye. 3 Kilis, Musabeyli, Haclar. 4 Gaziantep, slahiye, Burunsuzlar.

241

From Adana May 25, 1918 To: 2nd Army Command Number 581 Extremely Important and Urgent It has been reported by the Gendarmerie Regiment Command, on behalf of the Cebel-i Bereket Gendarmerie Battalion Command, that an Armenian gang of 30 or 40 men has outrageously massacred four civilians and two gendarmerie soldiers in the environs of Sabunsuyu, slahiye. The Office of the Mutessarif has been informed on the repulsing of these bandits by sending general gendarmerie force. It has been required that a necessary armed detachment should be prepared and sent forward, and that the other related echelons should be informed immediately. This message has also been written to the 12th Corps Command. Governor of Adana Nazm ----------------------From slahiye May 24, 1918 To: 2nd Army Command I here by would like to report that a strong detachment has been sent out to investigate and pursue the issue of killing of 7 gendarmerie soldiers in an ambush laid by an Armenian gang of 40, between the Haclar and Burunsuz villages, located at a distance of nine hours in the southeast of slahiye, on May 22, 1918. Security Regions Commander Lt. Col. Akif

Bk. s. / See pp. 583-585

242

3 nc Ordu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube 2070 2328 Ordu Kararghndan 31 Mays 1918 Bakomutanla Erivan1 blgesindeki Ermenilerin Mslmanlara yaptklar mezlim hakknda Bak Mslman Yardmsever Cemiyetinin Kazman2 Temsilcisi tarafndan gnderilmi olan mektup sureti arz olunur. 3 nc Ordu Komutan Korgeneral adna Kurmay Bakan imza

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---------Kazman 7 Mays 1918

36 nc Kafkas Tmeni Komutanna Suret ki aydan fazladr ki Kafkasyada meydana gelen Ermeni - Mslman atmalarndan dolay, Erivanda da Mslmanlar ile Ermeniler arasnda dmanlk artmaya balamtr. Bugne kadar Ermeni ekyalar, Mslmanlar kesmekte, kyleri birer ikier yakp ykmaktadrlar. Erivanda, Ermeni zalimleri tarafndan 30dan fazla Mslman kynn halk kesilmi, kyler tahrip edilip yaklmtr. Bu felketten dolay Erivan vilayetindeki Mslmanlar ok feci bir hayat srmektedirler. Sylentilere gre Erivan ehrindeki Mslmanlar, Ermeniler tarafndan kuatlmtr. Her gn Erivan tarafndan ok sayda hasta, yaral, ihtiyar, kadn-kz gmenler Kazmana gelmektedirler. Gmenlerin hepsi, alktan ve yersizlikten dolay lyorlar. Tek bana kamay baarm olan gmenler, yiyecek iin ok eylere ihtiya duyuyorlar. Rastladklar adamlara yalvarmaya balyorlar. Erivandaki Mslmanlarn bu ackl durumlarnn Trkiyeye haber verilmesi
1 2

Ermenistan, Erivan. Kars, Kazman.

243

rica olunur. 36 nc Kafkas Tmeni Komutannn gmenlere madd ve manev yardmda bulunmalarn ve oturacak yerler gstermelerini rica ederim. Bak Mslman Yardmsever Cemiyeti Harpzedelere Yardm Heyetinin Kazman Kazas Vekili ve Kafkas Cephesi Mfts dris: hundzde Genceli

---------3rd Army Command Office of Chief of Staff 1st Division 2070 2328

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From Army Headquarters May 31, 1918 To: Office of the Commander-in-Chief The copy of the letter sent by the Kazman representative of the Philanthropic Association of the Baku Muslims on the atrocities committed by the Armenians on the Muslim population in the environs of Erivan is here by presented. On behalf of the 3rd Army Commander Lieutenant General Chief of Staff ----------------------Kazman May 7, 1918 To: 36th Caucasian Division Commander Copy As an outcome of the clashes developing between the Armenians and the Muslims in the Caucasus for the last two months, the enmity between the Muslims and Armenians in Erivan is gradually evolving. The Armenian 244

gangs have been slaughtering the Muslims and setting the villages afire. Cruel Armenian gangs have slaughtered the people of more than 30 Muslim villages, and demolished the villages by setting them afire. Consequently, the Muslims in the Erivan wilayet are leading a miserable life. The rumors reveal that the Muslims in Erivan have been besieged by the Armenians. Lots of sick, wounded, senior people, women-girls, and refugees are coming to Kazman from the direction of Erivan. Most of the refugees are dying from hunger and homelessness. The refugees who managed to run away by themselves are in need of plenty of provisions. They are begging anybody whom they come across. Please inform Turkiye about the tragic situation of the Muslims in Erivan. I here by request from the Commander of the 36th Caucasian Division to provide spiritual and material help for the refugees, as well as showing them appropriate places to settle. The Deputy of the Aid Committee of the War Veterans of the Philanthropic Association of the Baku Muslims in Kazman Province and the Mufti of the Caucasian Front Idris: hundzde Genceli

Bk. s. / See pp. 587-590

245

Telefon Yukartalin 20 Haziran 1918 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutanlna Numara 40 Erivann 26 km kuzey dousundaki Karakale1 ve 20 km dousundaki Ekrek ve 11 km dousundaki Kirpikli2 ve civarndaki Mslman kylerin halkndan, Erivana gelen birka kii, oradan da bugn buraya gelmilerdir. Bu kiiler, Erivann dou ve kuzeydousunda bulunan 22 ky halkndan kurtulabilenlerin Lezved Bayezidin 20 km batsndaki tepeler dann yaylalarnda bulunduklarn sylemiler ve halkn ounluunun bizim tarafa gemek istediklerini bildirmilerdir. Erivandaki Ermeni komutanna Erivanda bulunan Mslmanlar g iin mracaat etmilerse de, komutan uygun bulmamtr. imdi Ermenilerin Mslmanlar katle devam ettikleri, Erivann 10 km dousundaki Akakale kynden urbulak yoluyla Erivana g eden 20 hane Mslman halkn, 17-18 Haziran 1918 gecesi urbulak3 ile Tokmakkent4 arasnda Ermeniler tarafndan katledildiini, bu gibi katliamlarn her zaman olduunu sylyorlar. Erivan blgesindeki Mslman halkn, bizim tarafa g etmek istemelerinden dolay, kendilerine, Erivandaki Ermeni komutan tarafndan msaade edilmesi iin yardm edilmesini, Erivan blgesindeki kylerde bulunan Mslman halkn kylerine dnemeyerek dalarda bulunduklarn, Ermenilerin saldrlar devam ettiini ve bunlarn nlenmesini istemekte olduklar arz olunur. 29 Haziran 1918 Harekt 9 ncu Kafkas Tmeni Komutan Rt

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1 2

Ermenistan, Karakale. Ermenistan, Kirpikli. 3 Ermenistan, urbulak. 4 Ermenistan, Tokmakkent.

247

Telephone Yukartalin June 20, 1918 To: 1st Caucasian Corps Command Number 40 Several people from the villages of Karakale, 26 kilometers on the northeast; Ekrek 20 kilometers on the east; Kirpikli situated 11 kilometers on the east of Erivan; and several others from the other neighboring Muslim villages have first come to Erivan, then here. They have said that the survivors of the 22 villages situated on the east and northeast of Erivan had taken refuge on the plains of tepeler Mountain, 20 kilometers to the west of Lezved Bayezid. They have stated that most of the people wanted to pass on our side, and that they have appealed to the Armenian commander in Erivan to allow the Muslims to migrate; however, the commander did not find it appropriate. They are claiming that the Armenians are continuing to massacre the Muslims. They are also saying that the Armenians had massacred 20 migrating families who were coming from Akakale village situated 10 kilometers on the east of Erivan via urbulak to Erivan between urbulak and Tokmakkent in the evening of June 17-18, 1918; and that these kinds of massacres are occurring frequently. It is here by requested that the Armenian should be contacted to allow the Muslim population in the environs of Erivan to migrate on our side; and that the stopping of the Armenian assaults to the villages, in the environs of Erivan, whose population are still in the mountains. June 29, 1918 Operations 9th Caucasian Division Commander Rt

Bk. s. / See pp. 591-592

248

Gmr 27 Haziran 1918 Telsiz Ermeni Kolordusu Komutan General Nazarbekofa Numara 79 26 Haziran 1918 tarihli telgrafnz aldm. Gsterilen dostluktan dolay memnun olduumu bildiririm. Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti topraklarnda meydana gelen ve 20 Haziran 1918de arz ettiim, Mslmanlara saldr meselesi yledir; Kzlkale1, Kiyankiyan2, Karakalede Mslmanlar oturmaktadr. Kyleri yaklm ve kendileri sktrlm olduundan dalara kam olan bu Mslman halk, 14 Haziran 1918de Erivana gelerek oradan Osmanl topraklarna gemeye izin isteyeceklerdi. Yollarda biroklar katledilmi, kadnlar karlm ve mallar ellerinden alnmtr. Mslman kadnlarndan birou imdi de Ermeni etelerinin elindedir. Aahanotada meydana gelen olaydan hibir bilgi alamadm. Hactarak ve Hacilyas kyleri Mslman halknn bana gelenler yle cereyan etmitir: Arbat kynn3 civarndaki Ermeni kylleri, mallarn Arbat tarlalarna brakmlar ve Arbatl Mslman kyllerinin rnlerinin yedirilmemesini rica etmiler. Sonunda i atmaya kadar varm ve birka Mslmann lmesiyle zmlenmitir. Bu meselede zarar gren Ermeniler deil Mslmanlardr. Durumun bu ekilde aratrlmas. Osmanl Hkmetiyle Ermenistan Cumhuriyeti arasnda kurulan ve devam arzu edilen dostane ilikilerin devam iin, bu gibi olaylara sebep olunmamas iin ilgililere kesin emir verilmesini rica ederim. ki hkmet arasndaki dostluu devaml klmak ve daha sonra da byle uygun olmayan hallere meydan verilmemesi iin, Ermeni Cumhuriyeti topraklarndaki Mslmanlarn, Osmanl Devleti ve Osmanl ordularna, yeni igal edilen topraklardaki Ermenilerin de Ermeni Cumhuriyeti topraklarna gemeleri bizce uygun grlm ve yanmzdaki Ermeni kuruluna da teklif edilmitir. Bu konunun da acele olarak uygulanmasn sayglarm bildirerek rica ederim. Osmanl Danma Kurulu Bakan 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Komutan Albay Kzm Karabekir -----------------------

1 2 3

Ermenistan, Kzlkale. Ermenistan, Kiyankiyan. Ermenistan, Arbat.

249

Gmr June 27, 1918 Radio To: Commander of the Armenian corps General Nazarbekhov Number 79

I have received your telegram dated June 26, 1918. I am appreciated for your friendship. The incident I have written you about, the attack on the Muslims, occurred in the territory of the Armenian Republic on June 20, 1918. It occurred as follows: Kzlkale, Kiyankiyan, Karakale belongs to the Muslim settlers. This Muslim population who were subjected to oppression and whose villages had been set afire have taken refuge in the mountains. Their intension in Erivan was to ask permission to cross over the Ottoman territories on June 14, 1918. Most of them were massacred on their way, their wives were kidnapped and their belongings were confiscated. Most of the Muslim women are now in the hands of the Armenian gangs. I could not receive any information on the incident that occurred in Aahanota. The events that the Muslim people of Hactarak and Hacilyas villages encountered had developed as follows: Armenian villagers neighboring Arbat village had sent their livestock to the farms of Arbat, and the Muslim villagers of Arbat asked them not to feed their animals on their crops. T last the talks ended up in a quarrel and the issue was settled after the death of several Muslims. In this quarrel it is not the Armenians who suffered but the Muslims. Therefore, I request the pursuing of the issue taking this information in consideration as well. I here by request the issuing of definite orders to the authorities in order to protect the occurrence of such incidents for the welfare and the future of the relations based on friendship between the Ottoman Government and the Armenian Republic. In order to render the ties of friendship between the two governments permanent, and to prevent the occurrence of such events in the future, the Muslims in the territories of the Armenian Republic should be enabled to pass on Ottoman State and to the side of the Ottoman armies; and the Armenians living in the recently acquired lands to the territory of the Armenian Republic seems extremely convenient for us, and the proposal 250

was conveyed to the Armenian commission working with us. I here by would like to request the taking of this issue in to consideration urgently in due respect. Chief of Ottoman Consultative Commission 1st Caucasian corps Colonel Kzm Karabekir

Bk. s. / See pp. 593-594

251

Erzurum Olaylar Erzurumdaki genel katliam General Odeshelitzenin Erzurumu terk etmesinden sonra balyor. Yani Trk birliklerinin Erzincan kurtarma tarihi olan 10 ubat 1918 tarihinden itibaren Erzurumun iinde ve dnda genel katliam yaplyor. General Odeshelitzenin Erzurumda bulunduu srada ferd katliamlarn yapld ise dosyann incelenmesinden sonra anlalyor. Hatta Rus Ermeni subaylarndan Piyade Temen Karagayef tarafndan ar ve pazardan toplanan 300 kadar Mslman, zerlerindeki para ve kymetli eya gasp edildikten sonra, imha amacyla svari klasna sevk ediliyor. Yarbay Toberdahilof tarafndan haber alnarak faciaya engel olunduu grlyor. Toberdahilofun Odeshelitzeye sz konusu olayla ilgili ikyeti zerine Karagayefin tutukland ve sonradan Erzincandan Erzuruma gelmi olan Albay Morel tarafndan tahliye edildii anlalyor. Erzurum katliamn Antranik ve Hekim Azariev yaptryor. Bu uygulamaya 10 ubat 1918de balanyor. Erzurumun btn mahalleleri devriyelerle sarlyor. ar pazarda dolaan ocuk, ihtiyar, kadn ve erkekler yol yaptrmak bahanesiyle toplanyorlar. Toplanan bu masumlar kafile kafile Karskaps dna gtrlyorlar. zerleri iyice aranarak para ve kymetli eyalar tamamyla gasp edildikten sonra Aziziye Tabyas civarndaki vadilerde balta, sng ve kurunla feci bir ekilde katledildikten sonra, hazrlanm ukurlara dolduruluyorlar. Daha sonra Erzurum garnizonlarnda bulunan btn Ermeni askerleri, evlere saldrmaya balyorlar. Yama, katliam, rza tecavz gibi irenlikler ve vahet btn iddetiyle uygulanyor. Bu feci durum, Trk birliklerinin Erzurumu kurtarma tarihi olan ubat 1918* tarihine kadar devam ediyor. Erzuruma giren Trk birlikleri, ehir iinde 2.127 erkek cenazesi defnediyor. Ayrca Karskaps dnda 250 ceset grlyor. zerinde balta, sng, mermi yaras olan, cierleri karlm, gzlerine sivri kazk sokulmu cesetlerle karlalyor. zet : Erzurum katliamna maruz kalan ihtiyar, kadn, ocuk ve erkein toplam 8.000i buluyor. Erzurumun Trk arsnn tamamen yamalanm ve yaklm olduu anlalyor. Ermeni birliklerinin yapt vahete lnet ederek sz konusu birliklerde subaylk yapmak istemeyip, Erzincanda kalm olan 13 nc Trkistan Avc Alayndan Yzba Vekili Kazmirin mezalime ait yazd rapor, yaplan ktl btn plakl ile ortaya koyuyor. Yzba Vekili Kazmirin hatralarnda aynen u cmleler grlyor: Ermeniler Mslmanlar Sarkamta altrmak bahanesiyle topladlar ve ehirden 2 km uzaklanca katlettiler. Ermeniler arasnda Rus subaylar bulunmasayd, mezalimin daha geni lde uygulanaca doald. Bir gecede 800
*

Trk Ordusunun Erzurumu dman igalinden kurtar mild 12 Mart 1918 tarihidir.

253

Mslmann kesildiini, kendim bizzat Ermenilerden duydum. 15/16 Ocak 1918 gecesi, Ermeniler Erzincanda yerel halk katlettiler. Albay Morelin ald tedbirler sonusuz kald. Zulm ve yama devam etti. Ayn ekilde Erzincanda kalm olan Madam Passe ile Er Aleksandr yukardaki olaylar aynen anlatyorlar. zellikle 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu tarafndan esir edilen Ermeni istihkam subay Tiflisli Morzof Mgrdc, Erzincan katliamnn balamasn ve uygulan eklini anlatan, kendi el yazsyla yazd Franszca raporda katliam u ekilde ifade ediyor: Bir taraftan tek tek askerlerin, Ermeniler tarafndan saldrya uramas, dier taraftan Krtlerin genel bir ayaklanma hazrlnda bulunduklar hakknda bir sylentinin dolamas, Albay Moreli Ruslara kar saldrabilecek btn halkn tutuklanmas iin emir vermeye mecbur etmiti. Bu andan itibaren, hibir taraftan emir verilmeksizin katliam balad. Katliama gnlller ile beraber dzenli askerler de katlmaktayd. Katliam, en ok Ermeni kilisesi civarnda yaplmt. Yaplan uyarlara ramen katliamn nne gemek mmkn olmamtr. Erzincan ve civarnda yaklak 250 il 300 kii katledilmitir. Mgrdcn yukardaki ifadeleri faciann balay ve uygulan eklini tamamyla aklyor. zet: Erzincandan 1877-78 tarihindeki Rus - Osmanl hududuna kadar olan kylerden pek az bir ksm, Ermeni birliklerinin zulm ve vahetinden kendilerini kurtarabiliyor. Erzincandan bu hududa kadar yaplacak seyahat ve incelemelerle, alaklklarn ve facialarn bykln anlamak mmkn grnyor. Kafkasya ilerinde Ermeni birliklerinin zulm ve vaheti : Ermeni birlikleri 1877-78 tarihindeki Osmanl - Rus hududu gerisine ekildikten sonra o blgedeki Mslmanlarn da ayn mezalime ve alaka saldrlara uram olduklar grlyor. Sarkamta altrlmakta olan 1.800 Trk esirinin peyderpey katledilmekte olduu anlalyor Sarkam, Kars, Gmr, Kazman, Ardahan ve Ahlkelek1 blgeleri birer facia sahnesi oluyor. Sarkam ve Karsn yaklm olduu grlyor. Sz konusu blge iinde tespit edilen Ermeni zulm ve vahetinin zeti aadadr: 1- 29 Nisan 1918de Gmrden 500 araba ile Ahlkeleke nakledilmekte olan 3.000 kadar kadn, ihtiyar, ocuk ve erkek yok ediliyor. 2- 1000 er, iki makineli tfek ve iki toptan oluan bir Ermeni birlii Kazmann dousundaki Kulp2 ve Erivan blgesindeki Mslman kylerini tahrip edip, kadnlarn, ocuklarn ve erkeklerini katlediyorlar.
1 2

Grcistan, Ahlkelek Idr, Tuzluca.

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Karsn Subatan kynde Ermeni katliamnn feci bir rnei: Kadnlar, ocuklar; annelerinin karnndan karlan bebekler (25 Nisan 1918) An outrageous example of the massacres in Subatan village of Kars: women, children, and the fetuses taken out of their mothers wombs. (April 25, 1918)

3- 1 Mays 1918de 100 kadar Ermeni atls itepe ve Dzkent civarnda ocuk, kadn ve erkek 60 kiiyi katlediyorlar. 25 Nisan 1918de Karsn dousundaki Subatan1 kynden 570 gen, yal Mslman balta ve bakla atete yakarak ehit ediyorlar. Magasto ve Alaca2 kylerinden 100den fazla kadn ve ocuk da ayn ekilde katlediliyorlar. Tekneli3, Hachalil4, Kaloky5, Harabe, Dagor, Milanl ve Ketak kylerinin halk tamamen yok ediliyor. 4- 1 Mays 1918de Ahlkelekin evresindeki kylerden Acaraca, Dangall, Mlani, Morcahiz, Badigana, Havur ve Koros kyleri yaklarak, halk katliama maruz kalyor. Arpaay zerinde Gvercin kynn kuzeyindeki Bugorni, Erivann kuzeybatsndaki amran ve civarndaki kylerde oturanlar, Ermeniler tarafndan katlediliyor, kyleri tamamen yaklp, tahrip ediliyor. 5- Karstaki Trk esirlerden bir ksm Karsta, bir ksm da Gmrde sng ile feci bir ekilde katlediliyor. Konuyla ilgili olarak Borcal kazas merkezinden Matupiyef imzasyla 3 nc Grc Piyade Tmeni Komutanlna yazlp, asl ele geirilen 17 Nisan 1918 tarihli rapordan mezalime ait aynen u cmleler grlyor: Ermeniler emre ve disipline bakmayarak, birka Mslman kyn yaktlar. Bunu yapanlar bulunamad. Abbasnuman ve Barcumda telefon kesilmitir. Bir tarafa kmak mmkn olmuyor. Kyller bizden yardm istiyor. Bizde yardm yoktur. Ayrca Bak Yardm Cemiyetinin 36 nc Kafkas Tmeni Komutanlna gnderdii mektupta, Erivanda katliamn devam ettii, 30dan fazla Mslman kynn yakld, oturanlarn katledildii, Erivandan kaarak gelen yaral ve hasta gmenlerin saysnn gn getike artt bu insanlarn sefalet iinde snacak yer gsterilmesi istenmektedir. Ermeni birliklerinin vahi hareketlerine kar Trk birliklerinin tavr ve hareketleri hakknda Ktayis Valisi ikutsivillinin, Ktayise ve bal yerlere yazd iki telgraftan aadaki blmler dikkati ekmektedir: Trkler kesiyor, ldryor, diye sylentiler kyor. Ben sizi temin ederim ki bu doru deildir. Trk Devleti ve Trk askeri kendi halinde duranlara hibir ey yapmaz ve ilimez. Mal ve mlkn de koruyarak kendilerine yardm eder. Halkn yerlerine gelmesini, sahipsiz kalan evlerdeki eyalarna sahip olmalarn, bunlarn kaybolmakta bulunduunu Trk Devleti bize bildiriyor. Askerler Trabzon ve Batumda silhlarn atarak katlar. Bu utan vericidir. Bu konu Azorketi savanda pek kt bir halde grld. Savata byk kk herkes metanetini korumaldr.

1 2

Kars, Subatan Kars, Digor, Alaca. 3 Kars,Tekneli. 4 Kars, Hachalil. 5 Kars, Derecik.

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Borcal Mslman halknn urad mezalimleri Tifliste kan Albayrak gazetesinin zel nshas tamamyla aklyor. Halkn yardm istei olaylar her ynyle ortaya koyuyor. Facialar ve irenlikler akln alamayaca kadar byktr. Alaklklar anlatmak, hayal tesi grlyor. Ahlkelek blgesinde yaayan Mslmanlara, Ermenilerin uyguladklar zulme ilikin olarak, 1 nci Aksire Dairesi Mfettii Rus Haraenko, kendi el yazsyla kaleme ald raporda, olaylar aadaki ekilde tespit ederek, doruluunu onaylyor: 1917 Kasmndan, 21 Mays 1918e kadar Ermenilerin Ahlkelekte, yerli ve itaatkr Mslman halka kar uyguladklar, dmanca davranlarn aklayacam. Gerek yerli Grclerin ifadelerine gre gerek gzmle grm olduum olaylar gzlerim yala dolu olarak aklamaya balyorum. Geen sene Kasm sonunda Akbabal 8 Mslman, ot satn almak zere Bogdanokat kyne geldiler. O sralarda emniyet mkemmel olduundan Mslmanlar silhsz gezerlerdi. Bunu haber alan Hocabey ky Ermenileri, derhl sz konusu 8 Mslmann etrafn sararak hanerlerle zerlerine saldrdlar ve katlederek gzlerini oydular, dillerini kestiler. Daha sonra cesetlere her trl hakareti yaptktan sonra dier drdn silhla ldrerek cesetlerini Akbaballara verdiler. Hanerle katlettikleri 4 cesedi yaktlar. 1918 Ocak aynda Ermeniler Mslman kylerine saldrmaya baladlar. nceleri silhlarnz bize teslim ederseniz size hibir ey yapmayz diye kandrmaya baladlar. Mslmanlar Ermenilerin szlerine inanarak kendi silhlarn teslim ettiler. Halbuki Ermeniler kandrmlard. Ermeniler Mslmanlarn silhlarn aldktan sonra aadaki kyleri tahrip ettiler. Tospiye, Kukye, Verivan, Tonvakam, Kolilis, Pakkane, Soumakava, Alurjeva ve Gomris. Bu kylerin yiyeceklerini ve btn eyalarn alp gtrdler. Ky halknn bir ksmn hemen orada ldrdler, geri kalan kadn ve erkekleri de esir sfatyla Ahlkeleke gtrdler. Orada, bunlara 24 saat iinde bir font ekmek ile sudan baka hibir ey vermediler. Bunun zerine alk ve pislikten esirler arasnda tifo ortaya kt. Hekimler esirlerin daha iyi beslenmeleri ve temiz tutulmalar iin mracaat etmise de, Ermeniler bunu gz nne almayarak, Mslmanlar insafsz bir ekilde krdlar. Kimse yardm edemedi. nk Ermeniler, Mslman esirlerinin tutuklu bulunduu binann yanna bile kimseyi brakmyorlard. te 21 Mays 1918 ylnda Trk ordusu Korza kyn igal ettii zaman, btn Ermeniler firar etmee baladlar ve esirlerin bulunduu binay tahrip ettiler. Mslmanlar ykntlar altnda kald. Cesetlerin bir ksmn da ukurlara atarak zerlerine kire dktler. Daha sonra benzinle yaktlar. te 20 nci yzylda uygar Ermeni milleti neler icat ediyor. te grlyor ki Ermeniler 1877-78 Osmanl-Rus hududunun batsnda igal altnda bulunan memleketlerdeki Mslman halka yaptklar zulm ve vaheti, sz konusu hududun dousunda oturan kendi ileriyle gleriyle megul olan ve her trl mill hukuktan mahrum zavalllara da uygulamaya devam ediyorlar. Bu imha plnnn amacnn, tekil edilmi 256

kuvvetlerle, ounluu tekil eden Mslman halkn aznla drlmesi hatta btn varlklarnn yok edilmesinden ibaret olduu ortaya kyor. Her ne kadar Ermeniler, grdkleri zulm karsnda galeyana geldiklerini iddia ediyorlarsa da, bu iddiann rklnn derecesini 1877-78 hududunun dousunda tespit edilen tavr ve hareketleri gsteriyor. zellikle mehur Ermeni ete reislerinden Antranikin, mfrezesiyle beraber Nahcivan blgesinde yaptklar katliamdan bkan Ermeni Kolordusu Komutan General Nazarbekofun, 1 nci Trk Kolordusu Komutanlna ulatrmak zere Ermeni Kurulu Bakanlna gnderdii mektup da ilenen cinayetlerin byklk derecesini gsteriyor. Generalin mektubuna ek olarak Ermeni kurulunun verdii haber, Ermenilerle Mslmanlar arasndaki nefretin sebeplerini gstermektedir. nemlerinden dolay her iki mektubun tercmesi aynen aaya alnmtr. Gmr Bamsz Ermeni Kurulu Bakanlna 27 Haziran 1918 Numara 10008 Aldm bilgilere gre emirlerime uymadndan dolay, komutam altndaki kolordudan, btn mfrezesiyle birlikte 5 Haziran 1918 tarihinde uzaklatrlan Antranikin, Nahcivan blgesinde gerekten birok mezalim ve katliam yapmakta olduunu Trk komutanlna bildirmenizi rica ederim. Osmanl Komutanl da tabii biliyor ki, Kahralnn gneyindeki Culfa demir yolu blgesi uzun bir mddet Mslman kuvvetlerin elinde idi. Ben bunlar datmak istedim. Baarl olamadm. taat eden halka zulmeden Ermeni ve Mslman etelerini datmak zere, ben ve Erivan Hkmeti btn arelere bavuruyoruz. Bunu Trk Kolordusu Komutan Kzm Karabekir Beye bildirdim. Hudut blgesinde de ayn tedbirlerin onlar tarafndan alnmasn istiyorum. Kublasara ve manamu kylerinin yannda belki yanllk eseri olarak 25 Haziran 1918de yerli Ermeni, Trk ve Tatar mfrezeleri arasnda atma olduunu Trk Komutanlna haber vermenizi rica ederim. Bu gibi olaylarn olmamas iin ne zaman, hangi yoldan, ne kadar birliin ne maksatla geeceinin zamannda bana bildirilmesi, meselenin kurulca halledilmesini rica ederim. Sz konusu olaylara benzer olaylarn bir daha olmayacan gerekten inanabilirler. Kolordu Komutan Nazarbekof

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Osmanl Kurulu Bakanlna 1 Temmuz 1918 Ek Erivanda eitli milletler bulunduundan son zamanlarda feci sonularn ortaya kmas Ermeni ve Osmanl Kurulunu dndryor. mzalanan bar, salam ve devaml olmaldr. Komuluk ilikilerini doru, kesin ve etkili bir karar ile salamal, bu olaylarn sebebini tarihte aramaldr. 1905 ylnda baarszlkla sonulanan Japon muharebesinden ve 1 nci ihtillden sonra hkmetin etki gc azaldndan dolay, Rus Hkmetinin bir milleti dier milletin aleyhine tevik etmesiyle Kafkasyann tesinde bulunan Ermeniler ve Mslmanlar arasnda geni lde ilk nefret tohumlar ekildi. Cahil halk ile din yobazlar bu kkrtmalarn kurban oldular. Kafkasyada Mslmanlarla Ermeniler arasnda hibir zorlayc sebep yokken, bu nefret balad. Bak, Gence ve Erivan taarruzlarnda zarar gren Ermeni halk, hkmet tarafndan korunmad ve yardm grmedii iin, kendi kendilerini korumaya mecbur oldular. Fakat krler olsun ki bu durum ok srmeden, iki tarafn etkili siyasetleriyle kavgalar yok edildi ve iki millet tekrar rahata yaamaya baladlar. Bu sava, ilikileri yeniden gerginletirmedi. Savan son dneminde Ermeniler, Osmanl Devleti ile yalnz sava halinde kald. O zaman nefret, yeniden balad. Bir taraftan Mslmanlar kendi dindalarna yardm etmek arzusuyla, Ermenilerin kuvvetlenmesinden korkarak, Ermeni ordusunun arkasn datmak iin demir yollarn ve telgraf hatlarn tahrip ettiler. Yollar kestiler. Ermeni kylerine, asker birliklerine taarruz ettiler. Dier taraftan Ermeniler bu kuvvetli dmanla yaptklar savata mitsizlie dtklerinden dolay ok kt tecavzlere baladlar. mzalanan bar, bu kanl mcadeleleri kaldrmal. Ermeniler anladlar ki, rahatlk ve mutluluklar, baka milletlerin kkrtmalarnda deil, eski komularyla iyi ilikide bulunmalarndadr. imdi Ermeni Cumhuriyeti topraklarndaki Mslman halk ile Osmanl Devleti topraklarndaki Ermeni halknn yararlarn dnmeli ve Osmanl ordusunun da, Cihan Harbinin sonucuna kadar menfaatlerini korumal. Osmanl Kurulu are olarak bir teklifte bulunduka, bu tekliften siyasi ve iktisadi birok hukuk meselesi kacaktr. Ermeni Kurulu bar anlamasnn ayrntlarna karar verebilir. Osmanl Kurulunun bu teklifini konumaya yetkisi yoktur. Anlama ile Ermeni topraklarndaki Mslman halk ile Osmanl Devleti topraklarndaki Ermeni halknn rahat olmalar salanyor. Anlamann yalnz bu konudaki grmeleriyle Ermeni Kurulu mit eder ki, iyi bir hkmet idaresi tekil edilebilir. Silhl etelerin tecavzlerine son verilirse, halkn rahat salanm olacaktr. Ermeni Kurulu, gmen halk yerlerine iade edilirse, Osmanl Devletinin yeni topraklarndaki dzenin bozulmayacan dnmektedir. 258

Gmenlerin silhlar alnmal, itaat etmeyenler iddetle cezalandrlmaldr. taat eden halkn, yerli hkmetin korumas altnda yerlerine iadelerine ve ilerinin bana gitmelerine izin verilirse, snrn her iki tarafnda da dzenin ve huzurun temin edilmi olacan gstermeyi Ermeni Kurulu grev kabul eder. Bu zamanda kk bir toprak parasnda bir araya gelen, mallarn kaybeden, verimli topraklarndan kovularak dalk yerlere srlm olan Ermeni halk lme mahkumdur. Tabi bu yzden oralarda dzensizlik ve rahatszlk olmas kanlmazdr. u da bilinmelidir ki, Ermeni Cumhuriyetine geen Erivanda imdi halk bal oldu. Yiyecein bulunmamas, ithalatn olmamas ve Erivann en verimli arazisinin Osmanl Devletine gemesi dolaysyla, Ermeni milletini vahim ve korkun bir tehlike tehdit ediyor. Ermeni Kurulu Osmanl Devletinin dostluuna inanarak ve Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutannn Ermeni Hkmetini Trkiye tekil etti ve tabi koruyacaktr gibi byk szn hatrlayarak, dnmyor ki Trkiye, Ermeni milletinin lmn istesin. Kurul Bakan Zakoyof Keiiyef Vekilof Tomaef Muhister

Bu mektuplarda Mslman halk aleyhinde yaplan mezalim aka onaylanmakta ve itiraf edilmektedir. Bu mezalimin dzenli kuvvetler tarafndan idare edildii ve pek yaygn olduu kesindir. ---------Incidents in Erzurum Total massacre in Erzurum started with General Odichelidzes evacuating Erzurum. In other words, the incidents in and out the boundaries of Erzurum broke out as of the day the Turkish forces took Erzincan on February 10, 1918. After the close inspection of the files it is understood that there were massacres in Erzurum, although individual, when General Odichelidze was in Erzurum. Even more, Infantry Second Lieutenant Karagayev, one of the Russian Armenian officers, having gathered some 300 Muslims from the market place and seizing all their money and valuable goods by force, sent them to cavalry barracks for annihilation. It has been observed that the destruction was halted with the intervention of Major Toberdahilov. It has been understood that Odichelidze arrested Karagayev upon Toberdhaliovs lodging a complaint against him about the incidents he was involved; 259 --------------

moreover, it was also understood that Karagayev was later released by Col. Morel who came to Erzurum from Erzincan. Antranik and Dr. Azariev are the instigators of the incidents in Erzurum. The program was launched on February 10, 1918. All the districts of Erzurum are surrounded by patrols. The children, women, men, and the elderly, who were shopping in the market, were gathered on the pretext of providing a work power for a road construction. Those innocent people gathered are taken out from the city via Karskaps in groups. After taking all their money, and valuable belongings, they were taken to the valleys surrounding the Aziziye Forts to be massacred outrageously with axes, bayonets, and bullets, in the ditches prepared earlier. Later all the Armenian soldiers in Erzurum barracks would attack the houses in the town. Every means of loathsomeness, brutality, pillagings, massacres, and rapes are being practiced. This loathsome situation continued until February 1918* the day Erzurum was freed by the Turkish forces. The Turkish units entering Erzurum buried 2.127 male bodies found in the city. Moreover, there are 250 corpses outside the Karskaps. The units have come across corpses with ax, bayonet, and bullet wounds; furthermore, there were also corpses whose lungs were removed, and whose eyes were stabbed with sharp stakes. Summary: The number of the people who were subjected to massacres including the elderly, women, children, and men reach 8.000. It is observed that the Turkish market in Erzurum has been thoroughly pillaged and set afire. The report on the massacres, written by Deputy Captain Kazmir, of the 13th Turkistan Combat Regiment who, condemning the massacres the Armenians committed, decided not to take any role in the Armenian units as an officer and stayed in Erzincan clearly reveals the naked truth about all the malicious events committed. The following sentences are read in Deputy Captain Kazmirs report: Armenians have gathered the Muslims under the pretext of providing a work force for the road construction and after taking them to a distance of 2 kilometers from the town they have massacred them all. If there were not Russian officers among the Armenians, it was evident that the massacres would have been carried to a larger scale. I have personally heard from the Armenians that 800 Muslims were slaughtered in one night. Armenians massacred all the local people in Erzincan in the evening of January 15/16, 1918. The measures Col. Morel has taken proved to be in vain. Atrocities and pillaging continued. Likewise, Madam Passe and Alexander, a soldier, who remained in Erzincan, are narrating the same incidents above. Especially, Morzof Mgrdc, an Armenian officer in the engineer units, from Tbilisi, who was arrested by the 1st Caucasian Corps, narrates the beginning and practicing of the massacres in his hand written testimony, in French, as follows: The
*

Turkish Armys freeing of Erzurum from the enemy occupation is March 12, 1918 (Gregorian).

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soldiers being attacked by the Armenians one by one on the one hand, and the rapid circulation of the rumors about a general Kurdish rising on the other, forced Col. Morel to issue orders for the arresting of all the people who would launch an attack on the Russians. Thereafter, the massacres started without issuing of any orders from any authority. The regular soldiers took part in the massacres together with the volunteers. Most of the massacres took place around the Armenian Church. The massacres could not have been stopped despite all the warnings. Approximately 250 300 people have been massacred in and around Erzincan. Mgrdcs testimony above clearly reveals the beginning and the practicing of the tragedy. Summary: Only a few of the villages of Erzincan, situated along the Ottoman-Russian border drawn after the war of 1877-78, managed to save themselves from the atrocities and brutality of the Armenian units. It seems highly possible to understand the scope of the vileness and tragedies in a visit and investigations to be carried out along the road to the border from Erzincan. The atrocities and vileness committed by the Armenian troops in the inner regions of the Caucasus: It is evident that, after the retreating of the Armenian units to the rear echelons of the Ottoman-Russian border line drawn after the 1877-78 war, Muslims in those regions were subjected the same atrocities and vile attacks. It has been understood that 1.800 Turkish prisoners, who have been put to work in Sarkam, are gradually being massacred. Sarkam, Kars, Gmr, Kazman, Ardahan, and Ahlkelek regions are becoming scenes of despicable tragedy. Sarkam and Kars seems to have been completely set afire. The summary of the atrocities and the vileness determined in the above-mentioned region are as follows: 1. Some 3.000 women, elderly, children, and men that were being transported to Ahlkelek from Gmr by 500 vehicles have been annihilated on April 29, 1918. 2. An Armenian unit composed of 1.000 soldiers, and having two machineguns and two artillery guns is destroying the Muslim villages in the environs of Kulp and Erivan, in the east of Kazman, and massacring the women, children, and men of the villages. 3. An Armenian cavalry of 100 has massacred 60 people including children, women, and men in the environs of istepe and Dzkent on May 1, 1918. The have martyred 570 Muslim youth and elderly in Subatan village, in the east of Kars, by means of axes, knives, and burning them alive 261

on April 25, 1918. More than 100 women and children from the villages of Magasto and Alaca villages were massacred by the same way. The people of the villages of Tekneli, Kaloky, Harabe, Dagor, Milanl, and Ketak are being annihilated thoroughly in the same manner. 4. The Acaraca, Dangall, Mlani, Morcahiz, Badigana, Havur, and Koros villages, neighboring Ahlkelek, have been set afire on May 1, 1918, and their people were subjected to massacres. Armenians are massacring the people of Bugomi on Arpaay, on the east of Gvercin village; and the people living in amran in the northwest of Erivan and in the villages surrounding it; and devastating their villages completely. 5. Some of the Turkish prisoners in Kars are massacred in Kars, and yet some are massacred in Gmr outrageously with bayonets. In relation to the subject, an original report dated April 17, 1918 signed by Matupiev, written to the 3rd Georgian Infantry Division Command bearing the following lines about the atrocities has been captured: Armenins disregarding the orders and the discipline have set several Muslim villages afire. Ones who instigated the incidents could not have been found. Telephone lines in Abbasnuman and in Barcum are cut. It is impossible to reach anywhere. Villagers are asking for help. We do not have any means of help. On the other hand, a letter, written by Baku Aid Association to 36th Caucasian Division Command, says that the massacres in Erivan are still continuing, more than 30 villages have been set afire, the villagers have all been massacred, the number of the wounded and the sick refugees, who ran away from Erivan, are increasing day by day, and that those miserable people are in need of a shelter. The Governor of Kutayish Chiqutsyvilli, in two telegrams addressed to the settlements affiliated to Kutayish, about the manner and the actions of the Turkish units against the vile actions of the Armenian units are important: There are rumors about Turks massacring, killing people. I assure you that these are not true at all. Neither the Turkish government nor the Turkish soldiers touch or cause any problem to those who live on their own. They help them by protecting their belongings and their properties. Turkish government is telling us that the refugees should return to their lands, to look after their own properties in their own deserted houses as they are bound to disappear. Soldiers have run away in Trabzon and in Batum leaving their guns behind. This is disgraceful. This situation was observed in its most dishonorable state in the Azorketi war. Everybody, be it small or old, must keep calm. The Albayrak newspaper, published in Tbilisi, explains thoroughly the massacres the Muslim people were subjected to in its special issue. The peoples cries for help clearly put forward the incidents with all their details. 262

Tragedies and the loathsomeness are way beyond the human conceptions. Narrating of the vileness committed seems to be requiring more than imagination. In relation to the atrocities the Armenians practiced on the Muslims living in the Ahlkelek region are recorded and narrated as they are in 1st Aksire Office Inspector, Harachenko the Russian, in his own hand writing as follows: I will explain the hostility the Armenians practiced upon the Muslim people living in the Ahlkelek region between November 1917 and May 21, 1918. I am beginning to narrate the incidents, which either the Georgians narrated, or I have personally witnessed in tears. Last year at the end of November 8 Muslims from Akababa, came to Bogdanokat village to buy some dry grass. Muslims used to go around without carrying weapons as security was in its perfect state then. Upon hearing this, the Armenians of the Hocabey village surrounded those 8 Muslims immediately and attacked them with daggers, and massacred them, scooped their eyes, and cut their tongues. Later they practiced every kind of insult on them, and killing four of them with weapons gave the corpses to the villagers of Akbaba. They have set the four corpses whom they have massacred afire. Armenians started attacking Muslim villages as of January 1918. They first deceived them by saying that they would not give them any harm if they would hand their weapons over. Muslims, believing the Armenians, handed their weapons over. However, the Armenians had deceived them. Armenians, having taken al the weapons of the Muslims destroyed the following villages. Tospiye, Kukye, Verivan, Tonvakam, Kolilis, Pakkane, Soumakava, Alurieva, and Gomris. They have taken all the provisions and all the belongings of those villages away. They have killed some of the villagers right there, and took the remaining women and men to Ahlkelek as prisoners. There they have not given anything but a loaf of bread and some water to drink for 24 hours to those people. Consequently, typhoid fever developed among the prisoners because of hunger and dirt. Although the doctors applied for prisoners well being by keeping them clean and well nourished, the Armenians neglected it and utterly destroyed Muslims cruelly. Nobody was able to help. For the Armenians did not let anybody to get close to the building where the Muslim prisoners were kept. Upon the Turkish forces seizing the Korzagh village all the Armenians started to flee, and they destroyed the building where the prisoners were kept. Muslims remained under the debris. They threw some of the corpses in the ditches and covered them with lime. Later they burned them by means of kerosene. This is what the civilized Armenian nation is inventing in the 20th century. Here, it becomes overtly evident that the Armenians are still continuing to subject the innocent people, who are only dealing with their daily affairs and deprived of any national law, on the eastern sector of the border mentioned, as they have subjected the Muslim people on the occupied territories on the western sector of the border drawn after the 1877-78 Ottoman-Russian War. Thus, the aim of this annihilation plan is nothing but to reduce the Muslim population, who happens to hold the 263

majority, to the level of ethnic groups and even more to annihilate them thoroughly with the forces set up. Although the Armenians are claiming that their emotions have become highly aroused in the face of the atrocities, this argument is invalidated by their manners of conduct and actions in the regions on the eastern sector of the border drawn after the 1877-78 Ottoman-Russian War. The Commander of the Armenian Corps General Nazarbekhov, having had enough of the massacres committed by the Armenian gang leader Antranik and his detachments in the Nakhichevan region, has written a letter and gave it to the Chief of the Armenian Commission to be handed over to the 1st Turkish Corps Command especially reveals the vast degree the outrageous murders reached. The Armenian Commissions report attached to the Generals letter displays the reasons of hatred between the Armenians and the Muslims. In relation to their importance, the translations of these letters are here by included as are. To: The Chief of Gmr Independent Armenian Commission June 27, 1918 Number 10008 In accordance with the information I have received about his not obeying my orders, I here by request your informing of the Turkish command that Antranik, who has been expelled together with his detachment from the corps under my command on June 5, 1918, has indulged in committing atrocities and massacres in the Nakhichevan region. As it is very well known by the Ottoman Command that the Culfa railroad region in the south of Kahral was under the control of the Muslim forces for a long time. I have tried to disperse them. I could not succeed. The Armenian Government and I are doing our best to repulse the Armenian and Muslim gangs that are oppressing the innocent and loyal people. I have informed the Commander of the Turkish Corps, Kzm Karabekir Bey. I asked them to take the same measures on the border region. I here by request your informing the Turkish Command that a skirmish, most probably by mistake, took place between the Turkish and Tartar detachments near the Kublasara and manshamu villages on June 25, 1918. In order not to give a chance to the rising of such incidents, I here by request from your commission to inform me on time about when, from where, and with what intensions the units will pass. I would like to assure them that such incidents shall not be repeated ever again. Corps Commander Nazarbekhov 264

To: The Chief of Ottoman Commission July 1, 1918 Supplement The Armenian and Ottoman Commission is worried about the recently occurring incidents as there are numerous people from different nationalities in Erivan. The peace to be signed ought to be reliable and permanent. It should set the neighborly relations justly, determinedly, effectively, and ought to look into history for the reasons of those events. The first seeds of enmity between the Armenians and the Muslims on the other side of the Caucasus was planted by the Russian governments provoking nations against each other as a consequence of her weakening power and after the unsuccessful Japanese War of 1905, and the first revolution. Illiterate people and the religious fundamentalists became the victims of those provocations. This hatred between the Muslims and Armenians in the Caucasus began as a result of no reason at all. The Armenian people who were affected in the attacks on Baku, Gence, and Erivan were neither protected nor helped by the government, and were forced to defend themselves. However, thanks God, this situation was eased by the effective policies of the both sides and the fights were brought to a end and the two nations started to live in peace. This war did not increase the tension in the relations again. In the last phase of the war Armenians were left alone with the Ottoman State. Only then hatred reappeared. On one hand, Muslims with the hope of helping the people who shared the same faith, and fearing from Armenians gaining power, cut off the telegraph lines and destroyed the railroads behind the Armenian army. They have blockaded the roads. They have attacked Armenian villages and military units. On the other hand, as the Armenians felt desperate in this war against a strong enemy started committing outrageous violations. This peace signed should put an end to these bloody clashes. Armenians understood that their comfort and happiness are solely bound to developing of good relations with its old neighbors rather than the provocations of the other nations. Now the Armenian Republic should seek the welfare of the Muslim population in her own territory as well as of the Armenian people living in the lands of the Ottoman State, and the benefits of the Ottoman Army should be protected until the end of the World War. As the Ottoman Commission brings a solution as remedy to the issues, there will arise an enormous amount of political, economic, and legal issues. Armenian Commission may decide the details of the peace treaty. It does not have the authority to discuss the proposal of the Ottoman Commission.

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The treaty secures the well being of the Muslim people living in Armenian territory, and the Armenians living in the Ottoman lands. Even simply by discussing this issue, the Armenian Committee hopes that, a reliable government system may be established. Should the oppressions of the armed gangs brought to an end people will be rendered comfortable. Armenian Commission believes that if the refugees are sent back, the order in the new Ottoman territories shall not change. Refugees should be disarmed; those who do not obey should be punished severely. Armenian Committee guarantees to show the order and peace established on the either side of the border, should the refugees are returned to their former homes and trades under the protection of the local governments. The Armenian people who have come together in a small piece of land, who have lost their possessions, and those who were forced to leave their fertile lands to live in the mountainous regions are bound to die. Consequently, it is obvious that there will be chaos and discomfort in those regions. This should also be known that the people living in Erivan, which is handed over to Armenian Republic, are subject to three different administrations. Shortage of provisions, lack of imports, and handing over of the most fertile land of Erivan to Ottoman State, Armenian people are subjected to a dreadful threat. The Armenian Commission, believing in the friendship of the Ottoman State, and believing in the words of the Commander-in-Chief of the Ottoman Armies, Turkey has founded the Armenian Government, and will defend it, is of the opinion that Turkey will never want the death of the Armenian nation. Chief of Commission Zakoyov Keshishiev Vekilov Tomashev Muhister

In these letters, the atrocities committed against the Muslim population are clearly proven and acknowledged. It is overtly evident that these atrocities are conducted on a large scale by the regular forces.

Bk. s. / See pp. 595-617

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2 nci Ordu Komutanl Resm Yaz 9 Temmuz 1918 12 nci Kolordu Komutanlna 3 Temmuz 1918 gn ve 1 nci ube 1803/2155 nolu yazya cevaptr. Temmuzun ikinci Sal gecesinde 25-30 kiilik bir Ermeni etesinin, Bahe1 ve slahiye kazalar arasnda birka ky yakarak, bir miktar para ile hayvanlar aldklarnn haber alnmas zerine, slahiye Mfrezesinin acele olarak iki gn gece devam eden takipleri sonucu izlerine rastlanamamtr. Bu durum, zellikle demir yolu hattnn dalk ve sarp ksmnda istihdam edilen Ermeni amele ve mstahdemlerinden oluan etelerin, blgede eitli eylemleri gerekletirdikten sonra tekrar ilerinin bana geerek, izlerini kaybettirmekte olduklarn gstermektedir. Hi olmazsa demir yolu hattnn slahiye ve Osmaniye arasndaki dalk ksmnda istihdam edilen Ermenilerin bu blgeden uzaklatrlmas gereklilii, ikinci defa Harbiye Nezaretine arz edilmitir. Hibir tarafa bal olmayarak dolaan Ermeni etelerinin, Mslman kyls tarafndan korunmayaca ve ne olursa olsun izlerinin bulunaca aktr. Ancak devam etmekte olan olaylarn sratle engellenmesi, cesaret edenlerin cezalandrlmalar mutlaka arttr. Mara, Antep ve Besni2 blgesinde de takiple ilgilenen ordu emniyet birimleri, slahiyede bulundurduu 40 kiilik mfreze ve milislerle, o blgenin emniyetini temin etmektedir. 12 nci Kolordu tarafndan da oluturulacak bir mfreze ve il jandarmasnn da takviyesiyle slahiye-Osmaniye demir yolu hatt tarafndaki Cebel-i Bereket blgesinin taranmasn ve bu blgede karlalacak Ermeni etelerinin tmyle yakalanmalarnn salanmasn ve sonucun bildirilmesini rica ederim. slahiye Mfrezesi ile bu takibe yardm edilmesi ve Kolordu Takip Komutannn emrine girilmesi gerei, 2 nci Ordu Emniyet Blgeleri Komutanlna yazlmtr.

1 2

Osmaniye, Bahe. Adyaman, Besni.

267

2 nci Ordu Emniyet Blgeleri Komutanlna ifre 996 Cevap: 6 temmuz 1918 tarih ve 237 numaral ifreye: 44 nc Tmen mntkasnda firar bir erin takibi iin karlan bir onba ile iki er, ntelli1 civarnda Zincirli2 ve Sleymanaa kyleri arasndaki sazlkta Ermeni ekyas tarafndan ehit edilmitir. Demir yolu hattnn bu dalk ksmndaki ii ve hizmetlilerin oluturduklar etelerin, eitli fenalklar yaptktan sonra izlerini kaybettirmekte olduunu gstermektedir. Devam etmekte olan olaylarn sratle nlenmesi ve olaylar karanlarn mutlaka cezalandrlmalar arttr. 12 nci Kolordu tarafndan oluturulacak bir mfreze, Adana ili jandarma mfrezeleriyle, slahiye-Osmaniye demir yolu hatt tarafndaki Cebel-i Bereket Mutasarrfl blgesinin iyi bir ekilde taranmas ve karlalacak etelerin tmnn yakalanmalar gereklilii, sz konusu Kolorduya yazlmtr. slahiye Mfrezesi de bu takibe katlacak ve 12 nci Kolordu Takip Komutannn emrine girecektir.

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2nd Army Command Official Letter July 9, 1918 12 Corps Command In reply to the note of the 1st Division numbered 1803/2155, and dated July 3, 1918 In the evening of the second Tuesday of July, an Armenian gang of 25-30 men, after having set several villages afire took some money and livestock. Their traces could not have been found in the searches carried out for two days and three nights by the slahiye Detachment right after the receiving of the information. This shows that the gangs composed of the Armenian workers and temporary employees, especially those employed on the mountainous and steep sector of the railway line, are hiding themselves perfectly by taking up their positions at work right after committing various atrocities in the region. It has been proposed to the Ministry of War that some of the Armenians employed in the mountainous sector of the railway
1

th

Gaziantep, slahiye, Fevzipaa, Kozdere. Gaziantep, slahiye, Fevzipaa, Zincirli.

268

line extending between slahiye and Osmaniye are ought to be removed; the proposal has also been forwarded to the Ministry of Defense. It is clearly evident that the Muslim villagers shall not protect the traces of the drifting Armenian gangs, which are not affiliated to any organization, and their traces will be found no matter what it costs. However, it of utmost importance to put an end to the developing events, and to punish the ones attempting to continue atrocities as soon as possible. As the army security control points, carrying out pursuits in the Mara, Antep, and Besni regions together with the militia forces, 40 men in total, it will be appropriate for the 12th Corps to set up a detachment and support it with the gendarmerie reinforcement units to launch pursuits and to capture the Armenian gangs in the Adana region on the Islahiye-Osmaniye railway line. Please inform about the out come of the measures to be taken. 2nd Army Security Regions Command has been informed to enter the command of the Commander of the Corps Pursuit Units to help the pursuits along with the Islahiye Detachment. To: 2nd Army Security Regions Command Rejoinder. In reply to the code dated July 6, 1918, and numbered 237. A corporal and two soldiers, who were sent out to pursue a deserter in the area of responsibility of the 44th Division, were martyred by the Armenian bandits among the reeds in the environs of ntelli between Zincirli and Sleymanaa villages. It has been understood that the gangs composed of the workers and temporary employees on the mountainous side of the railway are covering their tacks after having completed their various outrageous activities. It is of utmost importance to stop the occurrence of the events, and to punish the instigators. The 12th Corps Command had been informed about the formation of a detachment, and carrying out thorough researches in the Adana region along the Islahiye-Osmaniye railway, and to capture all the gangs. slahiye Detachment shall take part in the pursuit under the command of the Commander of the 12th Corps Pursuit Units

Bk. s. / See pp. 619-622

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Halep Valilii Yaz leri Kalemi Genel: 3065 zel : 285 2 nci Ordu Komutanlna slahiyenin amlk adndaki ormann kale gibi kullanarak civar kylere saldran Ermeni ekyalar, bu kez snrlar yan yana olan Kilisin Akakent ve Kaman1 kylerini basarak adam ldrm, ok miktarda paray ve tahllar gasp ederek firar etmilerdir. Bildiiniz gibi geenlerde de slahiyede grevli birka jandarma erini dere iinde katletmilerdi. Yaplan arama ve takiplere ramen ormanlk alann yksek ve sarp olmasndan dolay yakalanamadklar gibi, sarp yerlerde svarilerin hakkyla takip yapamayacaklar anlalarak takiplerde tercihen piyade jandarma erlerinin kullanlmas gerekli ise de buna da imkan yoktur. Suretleri Ekte sunulan Jandarma Alay Komutanlnn ifre telgrafndan anlalaca gibi, yaplan takiplerden iyi sonu elde edilebilmesi maksadyla 2 nci Ordudan takip iin o blgeye gnderilmi olan emniyet mfrezeleri takviye edilecektir. Adana Valiliine yazld ekilde bu kuvvet gerek oradan gerekse Kilisten karlan kuvvetlerle birleerek ortak takip yaplacaktr. Ekyann cezalandrlarak emniyet ve dzenin temini hakknda gerekli yerlere emir verilmesini rica ederim. 31 Temmuz 1918 Halep Valisi mza ---------Halep Valilii Yaz leri kalemi Genel zel slahiyenin amlka yakn olan hududunu batanbaa dolatm. Ermeni ekyas amlkta olup kuvvetini artrmtr. Huduttaki kylerden vergi alr gibi buday ve koyun almaktadrlar. Bu konu iin sz konusu kyller her naslsa eteler tarafndan aldklar talimata gre, bilgi sahibi olmadklarn sylyorlar. Devlete ve yakn kylere ihbar ettikleri takdirde, kylerini yakp kendilerini ldreceklerini sylemilerdir. Elleriyle erzak teslim edip bir ey sylemiyorlar. ksmlara doru bir ksm kylerin ileri
1

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Kilis, Musabeyli, Gndeer.

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gelenleri, ekya iin gizli gizli erzak toplamaktadrlar. Muhbirler aracl ile erzak verip de bilgi sahibi olmadklarn aklayanlarn bir ksmn yakalayarak Kilise sevk ettim. Ekya amlkta ok miktarda erzak biriktirmitir. Karakoldan ve merkezden getirdiim 13 jandarma ile bu gece pusu kuracam. amlk civarndaki kylerde nizamiye birliklerinden bir mfreze braklmas mmkn olamad takdirde, silah datlmasnn emirlerinize bal olduu arz olunur.

---------Say 424

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Antep 7 Eyll 1918 2 nci Ordu Komutanlna amlk civarnda bir sre Ermeni etelerinin takibi ve keif yaparken hastalanp geri dnen Antep Jandarma Komutannn soruturmalarndan elde ettii bilgilere gre, Ermeni etelerine menfaat temin etmek iin yardm edenlerin, slahiyenin Sakayz kynn zengin ve nfuzlu kiilerinden Hurit Aa ile akrabas olan ve evinde Ermeni ete reisinin eiyle ocuu yakalanan ve bugn ailesiyle birlikte firarda bulunan kii Kilisin Karasuret kynden olan kii ile Kilisin Akakent kynden Battal Aa ve slahiyedeki zenginlerden Hac Aa isimli kimseler olduklarn bildirmektedir. Bunlardan Hac Aann Ermeni etelerinin gasp ettikleri eyay satn almak suretiyle onlara faydal olduu, dierlerinin de bu durumdan oka faydalandklar ve Hurit Aann yannda birok silahl adam istihdam ettii haber alndndan haklarnda gereken ilemin yaplmas iin emir verilmesi arz olunur. 2 nci Ordu nzibat Blgeleri Komutan Akif -----------------------

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Office of Governor of Aleppo Office of Correspondences General: 3065 Private: 285 To: 2nd Army Command The Armenian gangs using the amlk forest of Islahiye as a fortress have been attacking the villages in the environs of Islahiye; however, they have attacked Akakent and Kaman, the neighboring villages of Kilis, and killed people, seized large sum of money and grain by force and ran away. As it is evident they have massacred several gendarmerie soldiers, who were on duty in Islahiye, in the creek. They could not have been captured despite all the searches and pursuits, as the forest area is high and steep. Moreover, it has been understood that the cavalry will not be able to conduct a pursuit as desired, and the prevailing circumstances forbids us to employ infantry gendarmerie soldiers. As it will be understood from the attached copy of the coded telegram by the Gendarmerie Regiment Command, in order to obtain desirable results from the pursuits, along with reinforcing of the provost detachments affiliated to the 2nd Army, and as it is written to the Office of the Governor of Adana, the force to be send out to meet the forces to be send out from there and from Kilis shall conduct a joint pursuit, and the bandits will be punished, order and security will be established. I here by request the issuing of the necessary orders. July 31, 1918 Governor of Aleppo (signed)

---------Office of Governor of Aleppo Office of Correspondences

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I have toured Islahiyes border, neighboring amlk, thoroughly. The Armenian bandits in amlk have increased their power. They are taking grains and sheep from the villages on the border as if they are collecting taxes. The villagers, for some reason, declaring that they do not know anything about the gangs, in line with the instructions they are given by the gangs. They told the villagers who had close ties with the government that they would kill them and burn their villages if they were to disclose their shelters. They are handing the provisions and never saying a word. Some of the village notables are hiding some provisions in the rear areas in secret. I have sent some of the people who, according to informers, had given provisions and said that they had no information about the gangs to Kilis under arrest. The bandits are storing large amounts of provisions in amlk. I will lay an ambush with the 13 gendarmerie soldiers, whom I had brought 273

from the gendarme station and from the central headquarters, tonight. If it is not appropriate to place detachments from the regular units in the villages around amlk, distributing of arms to the villagers resides in your power.

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---------Antep September 7, 1918

To: 2nd Army Command According to the investigations of the Antep Gendarmerie Commander, who had to return as a result of the sickness he got caught during the pursuit of the Armenian gangs and conducting reconnaissance around amlk, the people who sought benefit by helping the Armenian gangs were Hurit Agha, one of the rich and notable people in Sakayz village of Islahiye; and his relative Battal Agha, from Kiliss Karasuret village, taken refuge in an unknown place today, in whose house the wife and the child of an Armenian gang leader were caught; and Hac Agha, one of the rich people in Islahiye. I here by request the issuing of orders for the taking of necessary measures for Hac Agha, who is said to be of great help, as well as the others, to the Armenians by buying the goods the Armenians pillaged, and for Hurit Agha as he is said to be employing numerous armed men at his place. 2nd Army Provost Zones Commander Akif

Bk. s. / See pp. 623-628

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12 nci Kolordu Komutanl 1 nci ube Say 2061 Aceledir Adana 12 Austos 1918 2 nci Ordu Komutanlna zet: Gavur Dandaki etelere yataklk eden ahslarn tutuklanmasyla ilgili. 44 nc Tmen Komutanlndan gelen ve ierii son derece dikkat ekici haberin sureti Ekte sunulmutur. Halep stasyonunda alan ve isimleri sz konusu haberde bulunan ahslarn tutuklanarak ilk ifadelerinin alnmas ve yaplmakta olan soruturmaya nemli bir esas tekil etmek zere, zerlerinin ve evlerinin aranarak elde edilecek evrakla birlikte Osmaniyeye gnderilmeleri bu ite parma olanlarn oalmas halinde Osmaniyeye gnderilmeleri uygun grlmedii takdirde, Halepte oluturulacak heyet araclyla gereken soruturmann yaplmasnn grlerinize bal olduu, slahiye stasyon Komutan stemen emsettin Efendi hakknda da kanun kovuturma yaplmas iin Osmaniyeye gnderilmesi iin Halep Hat Komiserliine emir verilmesi arz olunur. 12 nci Kolordu Komutan Fahrettin Suret slahiyede tutuklananlar, slahiyeden dnerken beraberimde Osmaniyeye getirilmi ve burada sorgulamaya balanlmtr. slahiye stasyonu Eski Mdr Sabit sa Efendi de babas ile beraber 8-9 Austos 1918 gecesi Halepten gelmi ve geceli gndzl sorgulanarak dierleriyle yzletirilmi ve tutukluluk hallerine ait sorgulamalar, bugn tamamyla sona ermitir.

275

nceden gerek stasyon Mdr, gerekse dierleri meseleden habersiz olduklarn iddia ederek, tamamen inkr etmilerse de, sonra her eyi birer birer sylemeye mecbur kalmlar ve tamamyla itiraf etmilerdir. Sorgulama esnasnda birok gerek ortaya karlm, zellikle stasyon Mdr Sabit Efendiden aadaki pek ok nemli bilgiler elde edilmitir: 1. Halepte Ermeni etelerine ait ileri idare eden ve bunlara gerekli olan her trl malzemeyi hazrlayan bir heyet bulunmaktadr. Bu heyetin bakan, bugn Halep imendifer Merkezi Mdr Mhendis stanbullu Muzaffereddin Basmacyandr (Bu adam nceden Halepte Ermeni okulunda retmen imi). Heyetin iki de yesi olup birisi Halepte iletme irketi veznedar stanbullu Papasyan, dieri Halep stasyonu telgraf memurlarndan Maral Karamanyandr. yeler arasnda bulunmayan fakat bu ilerden tamamyla haberdar olan, bir de Halep stasyonunda Telgraf Balabanyan vardr. 2. Bu Muzaffereddin (Basmacyan) ayn zamanda imendifer bamdrnn tercmanl grevini yapmakta ve Halepte byk mevki sahibi olan adamlarla daima temas etmektedir. zellikle Halepin en mehur zenginlerinden Ermeni tccar Toma kardelerle her an beraber bulunmaktadr. 3. Halepte eitli aralarla elde edilen silh, cephane ve erzak, Muzaffereddin ve arkadalar tarafndan teslim alnarak, Halep stasyonunda uygun bir yerde toplanmakta, sonra bunlar nceden isimleri arz edilen ve imdilik Osmaniyeye gnderilmeyen ateiler araclyla slahiyeye naklolunmakta ve buradan da Sbit sa Efendi tarafndan datlmaktadr. 4. Bu suretle nakledilmekte olan silh ve cephanelerin hibir ekilde yoklanmamas, denetlenememesi Muzaffereddin tarafndan temin edilmi olduundan, tamayla ilgili hibir endieleri yoktur. 5. Muzaffereddin pek cesur bir adam olmadndan, her eyi imendifer Bamdr Alman asll svireli Msy ven Dnerke dayanarak yapmakta, bu sevkiyattan ve etelere ait ilerden ad geen mdrn de bilgisi bulunmaktadr. 6. slahiye Eski Mdr Sbit sa Efendinin kendisine verilen grevi tamamyla yapt takdirde Muzaffereddin tarafndan Halep imendifer Mlk Komiseri Rum Altuntopa ve Bamfettilik Baktibi Yahudi Kara Kipellara tavsiye edilerek, olaanst bir ekilde ykseltileceine dair sz verilmitir. 7. Halepten yaplan sevkyattan baka, Bahe ve Meydan- Ekbez stasyonlarnda1 ounlukla fazla vagonlar ayrmak gerekli olduundan, ad geen istasyonlarda alkonulan cephane ve silh vagonlarndan da gerektii kadar silh ve cephane arlmakta, bunlar Meydan- Ekbezden ve Baheden slahiyeye gelen palas ve su trenlerine konularak Makinist Hayk ve Sivasl Makinist Vahan, Atei Hasanbeylili Erkil aracl ile nakledilmek
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Suriye, Meydan- Ekbez.

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hatta bazen ekmek uvallarnn altna cephane konularak getirilmekte, slahiye Ambar Bekisi Geyveli Anesti aracl ile ambara konularak korunmaktadr. 8. Cephane nakliyatyla uraan ve Tahtakpr ile Ayran arasnda ileyen su treninde ateilik yapan Hasanbeylili Tarak olu zik ile Ayran ve slahiye arasnda ileyen palas treninde ef trenlik grevini yapan Kartall Balazban vardr. Bunlar getirdikleri cephaneyi Krtbahe stasyonu Mdryle, bugn tutuklu bulunan slahiye eski istasyon mdrne teslim etmekte ve buralardan etelere gnderilmektedir. Yarba stasyonu Telgrafs Hariryaninin de bu nakliyattan haberi vardr. Bir de bugn irket emrinde olduu halde, bazen Meydan- Ekbez stasyonunda bazen Tahtakprde dolaan Hasanbeylili Markor olu Koa ile Meydan- Ekbez stasyonunda demircilik yapan yine Hasanbeylili Artin olu Agop bulunmaktadr. Bunlardan birisi nceden ekyalar arasndayken yaklak 5 - 6 ay nce ayrlarak irkete kaydedilmitir. Bugn her ikisi de cephane ve silh bulmakla megul olmaktadrlar. 9. Gerek Halep tarafndan, gerekse Bahe ve Ayran taraflarndan eitli aralarla, ekya adna slahiyeye nakledilmekte olan silh ve cephanelerden, slahiye stasyonu Komutanlnda grevli bulunan stemen emsettin Efendinin de bilgisi vardr. Hatta gelen silh ve cephaneler ksmen istasyon komutan adna Bakkal smail avuun dkknnda korunduu halde, hibir ses karmamasnn sebebi, kendisinin de ou zamanlar slahiye stasyonunda kalan silh ve cephane vagonlarndan, slahiye stasyonu Eski Mdr Sabit Efendi, istasyonda sevk memurluu grevini yapan Ermeni asker Rupen, stasyon Makass kr Osman ve her zaman yannda bulunan Mehmet Ali avula ibirlii etmesiyle silh ve cephane ararak, 5er Osmanl Lirasna (Altn para) gizlice kyllere sattrlmasdr. Ayn zamanda toplanan paralar aralarnda paylamalarndan dolay, stemen emsettin Efendi her konuda istasyon mdryle dier memurlarn yaptklarna katlanmak zorundadr. 10. Bu etelerin grevi ve takip ettikleri ama, Amanos Dalarnda, slahiye, Pazarck1, Kilis, Mara ve Zeytn2 blgelerinde her trl tahribat yapmak, nceden uzaklatrlan ve son zamanlarda srldkleri yerlerden kaarak bir ekilde Halepe gelmekte olan Ermenilerin kendilerine katlmalarn temin ederek tekiltlarn yaymak ve bu durumu harbin sonuna kadar devam ettirmek, sonuta sz konusu blgede kk bir Ermenistan oluturmaktr.

1 2

Kahramanmara, Pazarck. Kahramanmara, Sleymanl.

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Bugn Halepte, Adanada, stanbulda, zmirde bu ilerle ilgilenen birok Ermeni zengini, imdilik yalnz para yardmnda bulunmakta ve isimleri son derece gizli tutulmaktadr. 11. Yukardaki bilgilere gre yeniden yakalanp tutuklanmalar gereken ahslar ile, ahs menfaatleri uruna kendi eliyle vatann mezarn kazmaya alan slahiye stasyon Komutan stemen emsettin Efendi ve emri altnda bulunanlar hakkndaki emrin gerekli birimlere acele olarak tebli edilmesi, hepsinin koruma altnda Osmaniyeye gnderilmelerinin temini nemle rica olunur. 12 Austos 1918 Asl gibidir. mza

---------12th Corps Command 1st Division Number 2061 Urgent

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Adana August 12, 1918 To: 2nd Army Command Summary: Arresting of the people harboring the gangs prevailing on the Gavur Mountain.

The copy of the report, received from the 44th Division Command, is attached as it contains extremely important information worthy of taking into consideration. The persons who are working at the Aleppo train station and whose names are listed in the mentioned report shall be arrested for the taking of their first testimonies; and in order to set firm bases for the proceeding investigation, their personal belongings and houses shall be searched and the documents to be found shall be sent to Osmaniye; in case of increasing of the number of the suspects they shall be transferred to Osmaniye, or, if not found appropriate, the founding of an investigation 278

committee in Aleppo resides in your power; I here by request the issuing and sending of orders for a legal investigation of the Islahiye Station Commander 1 Lt. emsettin Effendi in Osmaniye to Aleppo Front Commissariat. 12th Corps Commander Fahreddin

Copy I brought the ones who were arrested in Islahiye to Osmaniye, and their interrogations had started here. The former Director of the Islahiye Station Sabit sa Effendi and his father were brought from Aleppo in the evening of August 8-9, 1918; and were interrogated day and nigh and were brought face to face with others, their interrogations under arrest is completed thoroughly today. Although they have claimed that they did not know anything about the issue, and denied it thoroughly, they later revealed everything gradually. Lots of truth was brought to light; a lot of important information was obtained especially from the testimony of the Director of the Station Sabit Effendi: 1. There is a committee preparing all the provisions, materials, and taking care of the affairs of the Armenian gangs in Aleppo. The chair of the committee is the Engineer Director of the Aleppo Railroad Center Muzaffereddin Basmajian from stanbul (this person is said to have been a teacher at the Armenian school in Aleppo). The committee has two members, one happens to be the treasurer of the firms Aleppo branch, Papasjian from stanbul, and the other is the telegraph officer Karamanijan from Mara. There is also another person who is aware of all these issues, who is not among the members of the committee, a telegraph officer at the Aleppo Station, Balabanijan. 2. This Muzaffereddin (Basmajian) is also the chief translator of the chief-director of the railroads, and he has close ties with the high-ranking people in Aleppo. He especially comes together with one of the most famous rich people of Aleppo, merchant Armenian Toma brothers, frequently. 3. Various weapons, ammunition, and provisions that are obtained by various means in Aleppo are received by Muzaffereddin and his friends to be stored in an appropriate place at the Aleppo Station. They were later transferred to Islahiye by the stokers, whose names were mentioned before and who were not sent to Osmaniye, to be distributed to other parties by above-mentioned Sabit sa Effendi. 4. As the negligence of controlling of the weapons and the ammunition transferred has been organized by Muzaffereddin, they fear of nothing during the transfers.

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5. As Muzaffereddin is not a courageous man, he does everything by relying on the Chief Director of the Railroads, German origin Swiss, Monsieur Cheuven Doenerck. The mentioned director has no knowledge of the transfers and the issues pertaining the gangs. 6. The former director of Islahiye Sabir sa Effendi has been recommended to Civilian Commissariat of Aleppo Railways Altuntop, a Romaic person, and to Chief Clerk of the Chief Inspectorate, Jewish Kara Kipellar, and promised by Muzaffereddin for an extraordinary appointment to higher positions. 7. Other than the transfers made from Aleppo; it was necessary to separate the extra railway cars at the Bahe and Meydan- Ekbez stations, required amount of weapons and ammunition were stolen from the cars held at the stations, and they were loaded on the passenger trains or on the water-trains coming to Islahiye from Bahe and Meydan- Ekbez, to be transferred by the Mechanics Hayk and Vahan from Sivas, Stoker Erakyl from Hasanbeyli; and moreover, the stolen ammunition was sometimes placed under the sacks of bread and were kept in the depots by the Islahiye Depot Guard Anesti of Geyve. 8. Other then these people there were; zik, son of the stoker Tarakchi of Hasanbeyli, who worked at the water-train running between Tahtakpr and Ayran; and Balazban of Kartal who was the chief conductor of the passenger train running between Ayran and Islahiye. They would hand over the ammunition they brought to the Director of the Krtbahe Station, and to the former director of the Islahiye Station, who is now under arrest, for distribution to the gangs. Hariryani, the telegraph officer of the Yarba Station, is well aware of the transfers made. Among those people there are also Kocha, son of Markor from Hasanbeyli, who is usually seen sometimes in Meydan- Ekbez, and sometimes inTahtakpr, although he was under the command of the company; and the ironsmith of the Meydan- Ekbez station Artins son Agop from Hasanbeyli. One of these was formerly a gang member and joined the company some 5-6 month ago. They both are indulged in finding ammunition and weapons. 9. 1st Lt. emsettin Effendi, affiliated to the Islahiye Station Command is known to be aware of the transfers of weapons and ammunitions coming either from Aleppo, or from Bahe and Ayran by various means. Moreover, the reason for his keeping silent for the keeping of the received weapons and ammunition in Grocer smail avus store partly in the name of the station commander is that: he himself most of the time together with Sabit Effendi, the former director of the Islahiye station, the Armenian soldier Rupen, dispatch officer at the station, the stations switchman kr Osman, and Mehmet Ali avu who is always at his side steals weapons and ammunition and has the villagers to sell them at 5 Ottoman Liras (gold coins) in secret. As they are sharing the money gathered this way, 1 Lt. emsettin Effendi has to endure the director of the station as well as the other officials.

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10. The aim and the mission of these gangs is to destroy the region of Amanos Mountains, Islahiye, Pazarck, Kilis, Mara, and Zeytun; to have the Armenians, who have run away from the places where they were sent, coming towards Aleppo, join their forces and to spread their organizations and to continue these activities until the end of the war; and consequently to establish a small Armenia in the mentioned region. Today, a lot of rich Armenians living in Aleppo, Adana, stanbul, and in zmir are only providing money for the time being, and their names are kept highly confidential. 11. Along with the above mentioned people who are to be arrested; it is here by especially requested that the orders for arresting the Commander of the Islahiye Station, 1 Lt. emsettin Effendi, and his staff who are trying to dig the tomb of the country giving priority to their own personal benefits should be issued and sent to the necessary departments urgently, and they should be transferred to Osmaniye under the supervision of the guards. August 12, 1918 In unison with the original. (signed)

Bk. s. / See pp. 629-636

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9 ncu Ordu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube zel : 3972 Genel : 8758 Dou Ordular Grubu Komutanlna

Kars 25 Austos 1918

Rumiyenin1 tarafmzdan alnmas srasnda bir Amerikan din yayma heyeti grld. Bu heyetin tekilt ve amac hakknda u bilgiler elde edildi: Amerikan Hkmeti, imdi de Tebrizde2 bulunan Hekim Vanemana para gnderiyor. Bu para Rumiyedeki din yayma heyetine geliyor. nceden bu heyetin bakan ve ilhiyat retmeni iken sonradan Rumiyede fahr Amerikan konsolos yardmcln da yapm olan Hekim at, ald paralar Rumiyede Osmanl Devleti aleyhine alan ve Ermenistan Hkmetiyle imzalanm bara da raz olmayan ve bu ekilde Ermeni Hkmetine de asi bulunan Ermeni ve Nasturi etelerinin tekiline, dzenlenmesine ve donatlmasna harcam ve bu ekyalar beslemi, barndrm, yaptklar btn zulmlere de bakanlk etmitir. Bu durum bugn Rumiyede idaremiz altnda bir hastahanede Ermeni ve Nasturi yarallarn tedavi eden Amerikal hekimler tarafndan itiraf edilmektedir. Rumiye tccarlar, Hekim atn bazen tccarlardan bor olarak ald paraya karlk, Tebrizdeki Hekim Vaneman adna ek senet verdiini ve sz konusu tccarlarn da paralarn Hekim Vanemandan aldklarn sylyorlar. Rumiyede esir edilen Rus subaylar da kendi maalarnn Amerika Konsolosluu (Hekim at) aracl ile Tebrizden gelmekte olduunu itiraf ediyorlar. Aslnda memleketimizin ou yerlerinde mevcut olan bu gibi kurul, din yayma tekiltnn grev ve amalarnn grnrde idareleri altnda bulunan bir hastahane, bir okul ve bir yetimhanenin idaresi, gerekte ise Hristiyanlarn korunmas ve ayrlk fikirlerin, isyanlarn yaylmas ve slmln yok edilmesi olduu bilinmektedir. Bunun zerine: Hekim atn kendi memleketimizde Ermeni ve Nasturi etelerini Osmanl Devleti aleyhine kurduu, donatt ve istihdam ettii, halka ve Mslman esirlere yaplan btn cinayetleri sevk ve idare ettii, Hekim Vanemann istenen paray verdii ve dier hekimlerin de, hayr ilerine harcadklarn syledikleri paralar, ayn kiilerin araclyla
1 2

ran, Rumiye. ran, Tebriz.

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aldklarndan dolay, Hekim at ile bu suu ortaklaa iledikleri meydana km oluyor. Amerikallarn ran topraklarnda bu kadar zamandan beri aleyhimize iledikleri bu cinayetleri ve savataki ihanetlerinin engellememesi, memnuniyetsizliini belirtmemesi dolaysyla tarafszlk hukukuna uymam olan ran Hkmeti, asker ihtiyatan dolay idaremiz altna geen blgede asker karlarmzn selametinin temini iin, kendimizin keif ve inceleme sonucu elde ettiimiz bu cinayetin cezasn kendimizin vermesi hakknda, bize kar hibir hak iddia edemez. Eer bu Amerikallar asker mahkemeye verirsek yaptklar suun, sava ihaneti olmas dolaysyla idama mahkum edilecekleri ve bunlarn bu ekilde cezalandrmalarnn da hkmetimizin ran iindeki siyas nfuzunu glendirecei ve ranllardan aleyhimize alacak adamlarn saysn snrlayaca phesizdir. Fakat sonradan d siyaseti etkileyecei mutlak olan bu meselenin, bu ekilde zmlenmesinin, Devletimizin Amerikallar hakknda takip etmek istedii siyasete kar olmamas ve bir zorlua sebep vermemesi amacyla, durumun ilk olarak stanbuldan sorulmas gerekmektedir. imdi Rumiyede bulunan hekim, bir memur ve birka Amerikal kadndan oluan din yayclar tutuklu olmayp, bir seyyar hastahanemizle ortak alarak, 40 kadar Ermeni ve Nasturi yaralsn tedavi etmekte ve yalnz gzetim altnda bulunmaktadrlar. Hekim at etelerle beraber kamtr. Din yayanlarn bizden grdkleri iyi muamele ve himaye hakkndaki teekkrlerini bildirmesi bakmndan orduya ve sve Bykeliliine yazdklar mektuplar posta ile gelmektedir. dareleri altnda bulunan yetimhanede 9 kadar ocuk vardr. Yaknda Ermeni ve Nasturi yarallarnn tedavilerinden sonra, bu heyetin grevi sona erecek ve blgedeki Ermeni ve Nasturilerin hepsi de firar ettiklerinden dolay, bunlarn yapacaklar baka bir i de kalmayacaktr. Aleyhimizde tertip ettikleri ve yukarda arz edilen hyanetlere kar tamamen Rumiyede, Tebrizde serbeste kalmalar ve gezmeleri de uygun deildir. Gereinin emredilmesi arz olunur. 9 ncu Ordu Komutan Tugeneral evki -----------------------

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9th Army Command Office of Chief of Staff 1st Division Private : 3972 General: 8758 To: Eastern Armies Group Command

Kars August 25, 1918

During our capturing of Rumiye an American missionary committee was observed. The following information was received about the organization and the aim of this committee: The American government is now sending money to Doctor Vaneman in Tebriz. The missionary commission in Rumiye receives the money. Doctor Shot who was once the chairman of the committee, a teacher of theology, and the honorary deputy American counselor spent the money for formation, organization, arming, nourishing, and for harboring of the Armenian and Nestorian gangs that did not approve the treaty signed with the Armenian Government therefore became rebellious to the Armenian Government, and worked against the Ottoman Government in Rumiye; he furthermore lead all the atrocities they have committed. An American doctor who is curing the wounded Armenian and Nasturian gang members at a hospital, in Rumiye, under our administration, confesses this situation. The merchants in Rumiye are saying that Doctor Shot is giving bank checks / written certifications, signed in the name of Doctor Vaneman in Tebriz, for the loans he takes; the merchants are taking their money from Doctor Vaneman. The Russian officers who are arrested in Rumiye are also confessing that they are receiving their salaries from Tebriz through the intermediary of the American Consulate (Doctor Shot). Actually, it is a well known fact that the seeming mission and aim of the those commissions that are established in every corner of our country is the administration of a hospital, a school, and a orphanage; however, their main aim is the protection of the Christians, spreading of separationist ideologies and rebellions, and the annihilation of Islam. Consequently; it becomes evident that Doctor Shot had organized, armed, and employed Armenian and Nestorian gangs against the Ottoman State on our soil; commanded and conducted all the murders practiced upon the citizens and Muslims; that Doctor Vaneman has provided the money required; other doctors who claimed that they have donated money to the charity funds, were all in fact collected by the same persons. Thus, it is proven that they have committed those crimes together with Doctor Shot. 285

Iranian Government who has kept its silence in front of the murders committed by the Americans for so long a time, and by not giving an end to, or not protesting, their treacherous activities against us during the war, has not complied with the philosophy of neutrality. Iranian Government cannot, therefore, claim any right against us in our protection of our military interests and welfare of the regions that came under our control, and punishing of the murderers who have been determined at the end of our own investigations and inspections. It is explicitly evident that, if those Americans are tried at the military courts they will be punished by death as the crimes they committed is wartime treachery; this will eventually strengthen our political influence within Iran and will limit the number of the Iranians who will work against us. However, the issue, which will eventually become one of diplomacy, should first be consulted with Istanbul, as this solution may hinder the politics our government is trying to pursue about the Americans. The Rumiye mission that is composed of three doctors, a civil servant, and several ladies is not under arrest, but kept under detention working together at one of our mobile hospitals to cure some 40 wounded Armenian and Nestorian people. Doctor Shot has run away together with the gangs. The missions letters of gratitude about our good treatment and protection of them are being sent by mail to the army and to the Swedish Embassy. There are about 9 children at the orphanage under their own administration. The mission of the committee will come to an end after the curing of the wounded Armenians and the Nestorians; as all the Armenians and the Nestorians in the region have fled away they will have nothing to do any longer. It is not appropriate for them to go around freely in Tebriz and in Rumiye for their treacherous activities they have committed against us. The issue is here by presented for your further orders. 9th Army Commander Brigadier General evki

Bk. s. / See pp. 637-640

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9 ncu Ordu Komutanl Kurmay Bakanl 1 nci ube 4098 3445 Dou Ordular Grubu Komutanlna

Kars 29 Austos 1918

Ermenistandan firar ederek 9 ncu Tmen Kararghna gelen iki Mslmann ifadesine gre; Antranikin Zengezor evresinde bulunan kuvvetleri 15 gn nce Arpa mevkisinin kuzeyindeki Savur ve Darlaski blgesine gelmi. Maliki, Keikent, Hasankent kyleri civarnda bulunuyormu. Antranik de imdi Hasankent kyndeymi. Snr dna kardmz Ermeniler de Antranikin kuvvetlerine katlarak, sz konusu yrelerde Mslmanlara her trl zulm ve eziyet yapmaktadrlar. Mslmanlar evlerinden karp ala mahkum etmekte ve glerine izin vermemektedirler. Hatta bu iki kii, 30 kadar erkek arkadalaryla beraber bu tarafa firar ederken, Antranikin kuvvetleri bunlarn yollarn keserek, zerlerine ate etmilerse de bu kiiler kurtulmulardr. Geri kalann ne olduu belli deildir. Hatta kylerinden kmayan ve toplu halde bulunan Mslmanlara kar top kullandklarn da, bu iki Mslman sylemitir. Bundan dolay, bu husus ve zellikle bu blge hakknda nceden de arz edildii gibi, Mslmanlarn Ermenistan iindeki durumlar son derece elim bir hl almtr. Ermenilerin bu tarz hareketlerle bir ay sonra, memleketlerinde bir tek Mslman brakmamak ve ieride rahatladktan sonra faaliyetlerinin ve teebbslerinin zeminini, snrn bu tarafna kadar geniletmek amacn gttklerinin anlaldn arz ederim. 9 ncu Ordu Kumandan Tugeneral evki -----------------------

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9th Army Command Office of Chief of Staff 1st Division 4098 3445 To: Eastern Armies Group Command

Kars August 29, 1918

According to the testimonies of the two Muslims, who fled from Armenia and have taken refuge in the 9th Division Headquarter, Antraniks forces around Zengezor situated themselves in the region of Savur and Daghlaghski in the north of Arpa positions 15 days ago; they are said to be around Malishki, Keikent, Hasankent villages. Antarnik is said to be in Hasankent village. Antranik is said to be in Hasankent village nowadays. The Armenians whom we have allowed to cross on to the other side of the border have joined Antraniks forces and begun taking part in the atrocities committed on the Muslim population. They are taking Muslims from their homes and subjecting them to hunger; moreover, they are not allowing them to immigrate. These two refugees, while they were running away with their 30 friends, Antraniks forces intercepted them and opened fire; although these two managed to save their lives nothing is known about the other people. These two Muslims also claimed that they have also used guns against those who did not leave their villages and stood together. Consequently, as it has formerly been stated the position of the Muslims in Armenia has gained a tragic phase. I here by would like to assert that Armenians intention for not leaving a single Muslim in the inner regions within a months time; and having secured their homeland, they would shift their grounds of activities and attempts to this side of the border have become virtually evident. 9th Army Commander Brigadier General evki

Bk. s. / See pp. 641-642

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25 Eyll 1918 Savunma Bakanl ifre Halep Demir yolu irketi Mdr iken, Ermeni eteleriyle ilgisi olduundan dolay tutuklanarak, Osmaniyede sz konusu eteler hakkndaki soruturmay yapmakla grevlendirilen soruturma heyetinin yanna gnderilen Msy vendererin yerine geici olarak tayin edilen Msy Helfikere devir ve teslim ettii evrak ve gizli dosyalardan dikkate deer olanlardan bazlarnn ierii: a) irketin Halep ubesi tarafndan son ay iinde 5.000 liralk gizli harcamalar, b) irket kasas araclyla Msy Cerman adna 40 50 bin lirann harcanmas, c) irket hesabna olarak hat gzerghnda ve Halepte satn alnacak arsa, bina ve iftlikler. Bunlardan (a) fkrasndaki dosyann, hkmete hi arzu edilmeyen baz hususlarda para yardmna ilikin olmas; (b) de yazl 40-50 bin lirann harcanmasna ait dosyann da memleket iinde kt para toplanmas ve Avrupaya hububat karlmas hususlaryla ilgili bulunmas ihtimal dahilindedir. Bu dosyalardan baka, irketin kiiye zel gizli dosyalar da mevcuttur. Bunlar, Osmaniyeye sevk edilen eski mdr Msy venderer tarafndan bir kasa iine konularak kapatlm ve anahtar da ad geen ahstadr. Bu dosyalarn gizliliinden dolay, yalnz asil olarak tayin olunacak mdrlere verilebileceini Msy venderer aklamtr. Bunlar arasnda etelere ait veya hkmet ve millet yararna aykr olan baz maddelerin ve haberlemenin bulunabilecei dnldnden, pek nemli olan bu dosyalarn tamamyla ve tek tek incelenmesi gereini arz ederim. Sizce uygun grld takdirde bu konuda orduya izin verilmesi ve irkete de teblide bulunulmasna izin verilmesi nemle arz olunur.

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September 25, 1918 To: Ministry of Defense Code The contents of some of the important documents and the secret files, which Monsieur Chevendrer who was arrested upon the charges of having close ties with the Armenian gangs during his term of service as theDirector of the Aleppo Railway Company handed over to Monsieur Helfigher, temporarily appointed to Monsieur Chevendrers post, are as follows: a) In the last 3 months the Companys Aleppo branch has made a secret expenditure totaling 5.000 liras. b) A personal expenditure totaling 40.000 50.000 liras was made from the Companys funds on behalf of Monsieur Germaine. c) Documents pertaining to the building sites, buildings, and farms, situated along the railway lines, to be purchased by the Company. The file mentioned in (a), is about providing financial help to the articles that will not be welcomed by the government; and the file which includes documents about spending of 40.000 50.000 liras, and on collecting banknotes in the country moreover, there is a possibility that these files might even be about illegal sending of cereals abroad other than these there are also secret private files. The former director Monsieur Chevendrer, who was sent to Osmaniye, still possessing the key, locked the files in a safe; he says the key can only be given to the permanently appointed director. A thorough study of those files ought to be made as it is thought that they might contain information and correspondences against the welfare of the government and the people. I here by request your allowing the army to work on the issue, and sending of a letter of request for further investigation to the company.

Bk. s. / See pp. 643-645

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Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanlk Kurmay Bakanl ube 6 Temmuz 1918 9 ncu Ordu Komutanlna ifre: Erzurum faciasnda sular ortaya kp da, yarglanmalarnn sonuland bildirilen 125 Ermeninin idam edilmeyerek bir yerde koruma altna alnmalar nceden yazlmt. Bu Ermenilerin, Erzincandan Gmr civarna iadeleri kararlatrlan Ermeni kafileleri arasnda sevk edilmeleri ve sonucun bildirilmesi.

---------Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanlk Vekleti ube Numara

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Karstan Harbiye Nezaretine gelen 5684 numaral ifredir: Cevap: 5-6 Kasm 1918 tarih ve 10785 numaral ifreye; Erzurum faciasna karmaktan dolay mahkm olan ve Erzurumda tutuklu bulunan 28 Ermeninin, Karsa getirilip, oradan Erivana sevk ve iade edilmi olduklar arz olunur. Harekat 5684 20 Kasm 1918 9 ncu Ordu Komutan evki

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Ottoman Army General Chief of Staff July 6, 1918 To: 9 Army Command Code: It has previously stated that the 125 Armenians, who were found guilty for the catastrophe in Erzurum, shall not be sentenced to death but shall be taken under protection. They shall be joined with the Armenian groups that are migrating from Erzincan to the environs of Gmr. I here by request further information about the procedures followed.
th

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Ottoman Army Office of the Commander-in-Chief Code numbered 5684sent from Kars to the Ministry of Defense In reply to the code dated November 5-6, 1918 and numbered 10785. It is here by reported that 28 Armenians who were found guilty and arrested in Erzurum for taking part in the catastrophe in Erzurum were brought to Kars and have been transferred to Erivan. November 20, 1918 9th Army Commander evki

Bk. s. / See pp. 647-649

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Bunlarn tmyle hazrlk kuruluna verilmesi Osmanl Ordusu Bakomutanl 11838 Karstan Savunma Bakanlna gelen ifredir 1. Ermeni birlikleri Erivann gneydousunda, demiryolunun hemen dousundaki blgede bulunan Vedi1 ve Sadarak kyleri civarna gelerek Mslmanlar katletmilerdir. Tannm reislerden Ali olu Demir Bey ile Fethi Bey olu Bedri Bey de bu ller arasndadr. Be yz alt yz kadar Mslman Aras nehrinin sa sahilini geerek perian bir halde Beyazta doru gelmilerdir. Ermeniler Sadarakn daha gneyindeki Hanihalara doru Mslmanlar keserek ilerlemektedirler. 2. Ermenilerden Payon isimli birisinin yanndaki 1.200 kiilik bir kuvvet 5 Aralk 1918 tarihinden itibaren Nahcvan civarndaki Mslmanlara mezalim yapmaya balamtr. Nahcvann 40 km kuzeyindeki Elmal isimli yerde 688 ve bu kyn 12 km kuzeybatsnda Agu isimli yerde 516 kiiyi katletmilerdir. Gen kadnlar ayrdktan sonra 2.000 kiiyi (ifre) toplayarak tamamen katlettikten sonra, ayrca 40 kadn ve ocuu da bir odada hapsederek yakmlardr. leri gelenlerden Seyyid Hseyinin eine ky camisinde tecavz etmiler ve btn bu blge Mslmanlar korkularndan evlerini terk ederek, soua ve ala mahkum olmulardr. Emiyazinin gneyindeki kyllerin erzak Ermeniler tarafndan zorla alnmtr. Erivann 15 kilometre gneyinde Hacilyas kynn aas ile iki arkada Erivana getirilerek idam edilmilerdir. 25 kiinin de bilinmeyen bir yerlere srldkleri, Erivanda Tepeba, Hacturzalar ve Gayribulak isimli Mslman mahallelerinin yakld delilleriyle haber alnmtr. Bu hususta Ermeni Hkmeti nezdinde giriimlerde bulunulduysa da, stanbuldaki tilf Heyetinin dikkatinin de insaniyete aykr olan bu mezalime ekilerek, k gn devam eden bu vahete son verilmesi iin gerekli ilemlerin tamamlanmasn rica ederim. 27 Aralk 1918 Harekt 6052 9 ncu Ordu Komutan evki -----------------------

Ermenistan, Vedi.

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All these shall be given to the preparatory commission. Ottoman Army Office of the Commander-in-Chief 11838 Code sent from Kars to the Ministry of Defense 1. Armenian units have come down to the environs of Vedi and Sadarak villages, located in the immediate neighborhood of the railway on the east of Erivan, and massacred the Muslims. Alis son Demir Bey, and Fethi Beys son Bedri Bey, the notable people of the villages, are among the massacred. Some 500 600 Muslims had managed to cross on to the right bank of the Aras River in exhaustion and headed towards Beyazt. Armenians are marching towards Hanihalar, located further in the south of Sadarak, butchering the Muslims. 2. Payon, an Armenian gang leader, and his forces of 1.200 men started committing massacres upon the Muslims around Nakhichevan as of December 5, 1918. They have massacred 688 people in Elmal, 40 kilometers to the north of Nakhichevan; and 516 in Au, situated at a distance of 12 kilometers in the northeast of Elmal. Separating young women, they gathered and massacred 2.000 people in Drhmyrarah; and gathered 40 women and children in a room and set them afire. They raped Seyyid Hseyin (one of the prominent people)s wife in the village mosque. All the Muslim people in the region have left their homes in fear and took refuge in the cold and hunger. Armenians took all the provisions of the villages in the south of Amiyazin by force. The agha of the Hacilyas village, located 15 kilometers in the southeast of Erivan, and his two friends were brought to Erivan and executed. Reliable sources reveal that 25 people were taken to an unknown place; and that the Muslim districts of Erivan Niyeba, Hacturzalar, and Gayribulak were set afire. Although some talks have been made with the Armenian government on the issue, the attention of the Entente Powers Committee ought to be drawn to these massacres that are utterly inhumane. I here by request the issuing of orders for terminating the ever-increasing violence. December 27, 1918 Operations 6052 9th Army Commander evki

Bk. s. / See pp. 651-653

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KNC BLM PART TWO

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Osmanl Ord-y Hmynu Bakumandanl Vekleti Numro 108 nc Ordudan: Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine mevrd bil numrolu ifredir. C. 7/1/332 stihbrt ubesi... ve Ermeniler tarafndan Erzurumda ka edilen mezlim hakknda 26/12/331 trihinde arz- malmt edilmidi. Dman istilsna marz kalan kylerden firr eden ahl, dmann ve bi-lhssa Ermeni efrdnn pek cniyne ve vahiyne mumele irtikb etdiklerini gen ocuk ve kzlar kaldrarak mechl bir tarafa gtrdklerini, ml ve cnlarn yama ve ahynen katl-i nfs icr eylediklerini, nmsa tecvzn her tasavvur fevkinde bulunduunu ifde eylemekde ve menbi-i muhtelifeden alnan malmat da bunu meyyed bulunmakdadr. 8 Mart 332 nc Ordu Kumandan Vehib

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Bb- l Dhiliyye Nezreti Emniyyet-i Ummiyye Mdriyyeti Umum: 44316 Huss: 23 ube: 2 Ord-y Hmyn Bakumandanl Veklet-i Cellesine Mahrem Devletl Efendim Hazretleri kinci ubeden yazlan 10 Knn- sn 331 trihli ve 9835 numrolu tezkere-i liyeleri cevbdr. Amerikada mtemekkin Ermeniler tarafndan Memlik-i Osmniyyede bulunan Ermenilerin ihtiyc iin gnderilen mebliin ne sretle geldiinin ve kimlerin vestetiyle Ermenilere tevz edilmekde bulunduunun bit-tahkik ir cb eden vilyt ve elviye-i gayr-i mlhakaya tebli olunmu idi. Bu bbda vrid olan cevb-nmelerin hulsasn hv cedvel leffen savb- llerine tesyr klnm ve badem Ermenilere ancak hkmet memrlar vstasyla ve mahall res-y idrenin nezreti altnda tevzt yaplmak lzm geldii ve bunun hricinde tevzta msade olunmamas lzmu vilyta tammen tebli klnm olmakla ol-bbda emr fermn hazret-i men lehl emrindir. 19 Cemzi-yel evvel 334 ve 12 Mart 332 Dhiliyye Nzr Talat -----------------------

Osmanl Ord-y Hmynu Bakumandanl Vekleti 15/1/32 Dhiliyye Nezretine Cevbdr. Yalnz Dvel-i Muhsama tebaasna ve memrn-i mlkiyye vstasyla para tevz olunacakd. Ermenilere byle gizliden para tevzne msade eden veya bundan ber-tevli haber-dr olan memrlarn iddetle tecziyelerini ve netcenin irn istirhm ederim. Ol bbda........ -----------------------

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Adana vilyeti: Amerikadan gelen paralar Hain Amerika Mektebi Mdresi Misvon Vantelli Kumpanya Tabbi Ermeni Protestan Filib Adanada Amerika tebaasndan Doktor Hasi tarafndan Ermenilere tevz edilmekde olduu anlalmdr. Haleb vilyeti: Amerikadan gelen parann Haleb Amerika Ermenilere tevz olunduu anlalmdr. Mamretl-azz vilyeti: Elazizde Alman Messeseleri Mdri Msy Ahman tarafndan Amerika Konsolosu ve Amerika Misyoneri Mister Riger vstasyla Ermenilerin muhtc ve fukarsna para tevz edildii ve bu para Amerikadan geldii ir- mahallden mstebn olmudur. Diyarbekir vilyeti: Ermenilerin ihtiyc iin Amerikadan para gnderilmedii anlalmdr. Trabzon vilyeti: Trabzon Amerika Mektebi Mdri Mister Klarkorde vstasyla Ermenilere Amerikadan para geldii mahallinden bildirilmidir. Konya vilyeti: Posta ve banka vstasyla gelen paralarn Doktor Dad tarafndan Ermenilere verilmekde olduu mahallinin irndan anlalmdr. Hdvendigr vilyeti: Bursa Amerika Mektebi Muallimelerinden Madam Elen nmna Amerikadan gelen paralarn mm-ileyh tarafndan Ermenilere tevz olunduu mahallinden bildirilmidir. Ankara vilyeti: Merzifon Amerika Kolejinden gelen memr- mahss tarafndan Ermenilere para verilmekde olduu anlalmdr. Eskiehir: Eskiehir Amerika ns Muallimesi Kagosyan, Katolik Murahhasa Vekli Agob tarafndan Ermenilere para verilmekde olduu anlalmdr. Karahisar- shib: Ermenilere verilmek iin Amerikadan para gelmedii bildirilmidir. Kayseri: Amerika misyonerleri tarafndan habs-hnedeki Ermenilere para verildii mahallinden bildirilmidir. 304 Konsolosu cnbinden

Zor: Amerikadan Ermenilere tevz olunmak zere henz ne bir kimsenin ve ne de parann geldii anlald. Mara: Mister Vedli ve Laymin nmlarna Der-sadetden Amerikal Pit tarafndan gnderilen paralarn Ermenilere merkmlar tarafndan tevz olunduu anlalmdr. Canik: Amerikadan para gelerek Ermenilere tevz olunduu anlalamamdr. Nide: Amerikadan liv dhiline para gelmedii ve Ermenilere de tevz olunmad anlalmdr. zmit: Dhil-i livdaki Ermenilere para tevz olunduu anlalamam ise de Amerikadaki Ermenilerin Der-sadetde Pit tarafndan gnderildii ve buna Beyolunda Singer Kumpanyas ubesinde mstahdem Gregor Kasbaryann dellet etdii mahallinden bildirilmidir. Ktahya: Ktahyada Bakkal Agobyana biraderi olub Der-sadetde Tahtakalede Ceddhanda bulunan Ermenak Yagobyan tarafndan para gnderildii ve baka Ermenilere para tevz olunduuna dir malmt olmad anlalmdr.

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Birinci Ordu Kumandanl ube 1 Ksm 2 Numro 393

Niantanda Ordu Kararghndan 29/1/332

Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine 1. Msellh drt nefer Ermeni etesinin 25 Martda Tosya kazsnn aykapu karyesinden drt Mslim kadn daa kaldrd ve takb ve tenkilleri iin hkmete ittihz- tedbir edildii Beinci Kolordu Ahz- Asker Heyeti Riysetinden bildirilmidir. 2. Civr jandarma ktatndan seran istifde ve mtemerkiz takbt icrsyla merkmnun be-heme-hl tenkl ve istsli ve netcenin inbs heyet-i mezkre riysetine emr olunduu marzdur. Birinci Ordu Kumandan

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Bb- l Dhiliyye Nezreti Emniyyet-i Ummiye Mdriyyeti Hdvendigr Vilyetinden alnan 30 Mart 332 trihli ve 154 numrolu tahrrtn sretidir. Mahrem-ne 17 ubat 331 trihli ve bin drt yz yetmi numrolu arzaya zeyldir. Amerikada mteekkil cemiyyetler veya Ermeniler tarafndan derc olunub Memlik-i Osmniyyede muhtc- muvenet bulunan Ermenilere tevz edilmek zere irsl klnan para hakknda imdiye kadar istihsl olunan malmt ber-vech-i zr arz olunur. Buraya gnderilen para stanbulda Amerikan Hannda Amerikal Mister William Pitt tarafndan her hafta muntazaman Bank- Ottoman vstasyla Bursadaki Amerikan Mektebleri Mdresi Alen nmna yz elli lira gnderildii mevskan haber alnm ve bundan evvel mdre olan Misis emis zamannda da her hafta iki yz elli lira geldii bu hussda Ekonomik Maazas Mdri Amerikal Mister Boldvin ile yannda bulunan dest-gh-dr Ermeni Protestan Haykn da hizmeti sebk etmekde olduu ehr-i hl zarfnda Halebde murahhasa vstasyla Slzl erab olu Agob Badohana yz be guru ve ubatda orumda kala-bend Kirkor Huncuyana on ve yine merkma be ve Haleb vilyeti dhilinde Rozda kazsnda emtor Hanespna yirmi ve Vapurcu Kirkora ise on lira Misis Alen nmyla postahneye teslim edilmesiyle anlalmdr. Misis Alen nmna yine William Pitt tarafndan ba-zn bildikleri vsta ile Viz Bank tarafndan ekilmi ekler ile Ottoman Bankdan alnmak zere para geldii ve Misis Alen gelen paradan ihtiycna kadar bankadan alub mtebkisini nmna bankada ihtiyten bulundurduu nmyn olmu ve mezbrenin Bank- Osmnde hesb- crsi olub mevcd parann mikdr der-dest-i tahkk bulunmudur. stanbulda Amerika Hannda bulunan Mister William Pitte Amerikadan kimden ve hangi irketden para geldii hakknda malmt istihsli kbil olamadndan bu cihetin Mister Pitt ile mumeleleri anlalan Viz Bankdan Der-sadetce tahkk etdirilmesi ment- msade-i smiyeleridir. Misis Alen burada her cumartesi gnleri Murdiyedeki mektebde Matmazel Partez vstasyla on ve Setbanda Madam Farsi vstasyla 310

il be lira tevz etmekdedir. Bu para her ilenin derece-i ihtiycna gre gurudan on gurua ve ba-zn daha fazla verilmekde olduu ve tevztn daha ziydesi sevhilden dhile nakl olunan Rum muhcirne hasr edildii ve Misis Alen lzm grdke stanbulda ve William Pitte yazaca bir mektbla istedii kadar para celb edebilecei anlalm ve badem memrn-i hkmetin vesteti olmadka bu yolda tevzt icr edilememesi esbbna tevessl edilmi olduunun arzyla takdm-i tekrmt eylerim efendim.

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Osmnl Ordu-y Hmynu Bakumandanl Vekleti ube 2 23 Mart 332 Emniyyet-i Ummiyye Mdriyyetine 17 ubat 331 trih ve 6992 mahrem numrolu tezkire-i liyeleri cevbdr. 1. Agob Hovagyan hakknda Bkreden tideki malmt geldi: Merkm / Ohannes Hovagyan / alt ay mukaddem Rusyadan gelerek Bkrede Krinolu sokanda 9 numroda mukm nsaldi ile ok temassda bulunmakda ve ngiliz Sefret-hnesine de ok devm etmekdedir. /9/ numrolu bir pasaportu olduu gibi bunda Osmnl Polis Mdriyyet-i Ummiyyesi tarafndan verilmi /2772/ numrolu ikmet varakasnda fndk tccr olduu da yazlmdr. Trih-i tevelld /87/ ve mahall-i tevelld Trabzondur. Bkrede tccr ve ba-zn Amerika ve ngiliz gazetelerini fahr olarak datmdr. Hovagyan 30-32 yalarnda, orta boylu, siyah sal, byklar ngilizlerin biiminde esmer renkli ve kara gzldr. ngilizceyi mkemmel tekellm ediyor. Bkreden ska seyhate gider ve gelir. Geen ubat evstnda Kstenceye gitmi ve yine avdet etmidir. Bir ka sene evvel Londraya seyhat etmi ve ark hallar zerine i grmdr. Londradan Msra gitmi orada Ermeni Komite Resi Bogos Nubar Paa ile mnsebet peyd eylemi ve ondan sonra btn Avrupay dolamdr. Kendisi akll bir adam ve Franszca, ngilizce, Almanca, Trke gyet iyi tekellm eder. Muhrebe ilnnda Sofyada iken bilhire Sofyadan Bkree gitmidir. 2. Bkrede bir fotorafnn birok Ermenilerin resmlerini zht- lzme ile vereceinden bahsle bunlarn Bkre Ataemiliterimiz vstasyla tedriki mdriyyet-i liyelerince taleb edildiinden mm-ileyh Ataemiliterimizin bu bbda vuku- bulan mrcaatnda mezkr fotoraflarn bir kopyas daha o zaman Bkre Almanya eh-bender-hnesi tarafndan mbyaa olunarak Berline gnderildii ve orada teksr olunduu ve bir kopyasnn stanbula gnderildii kendisine sylenmi olmakla bu fotoraflarn Der-sadete kimce gnderildii derdest-i tahkkdir. 3. Bkrede bulunan baz Rus css ve propagandaclarn esmsi: a. Re gazetesi muhbiri ve Ermeni-Rus propogandas messisi / Libaryet Nazaryan / b. Rusya tarafndan Bkree gnderilen /Jan Bazaryan / c. Zhirde sanat-kr ve fakat hakikatde Osmnl-Alman aleyhinde bulunan Mevvik ve Tanakstyun Partisine mensb Ermeni ihtillci / Jermak / d. Bkrede mehr pastac / Derbederyan / 316

e. stanbulda irdc ve el-yevm Bkrede mukm / Agobyan / f. Rus saray- imparator muzikacs Bkrede mukm / vanof g. Bkre eh-bender-hnesi sbk ktibi / Aris Lazar / h. Denik Ajansnn adam ve Rus hafiyyesi / Vantura /

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15 Austos 1916 Karargh- Umm kinci ubeye Agobyan Ohannes World cerdesinin muhbiri olduunu sylyor. Dediine gre kendisi stanbulda mtevellid olub Amerikaya muhceret etmidir. Ekl-i bedeniyyesi mechlmzdr. Merkm 17 Knn- sn 1916 trihinde Atinann Amerika Sefretinden mut Garel-Droperis imzsn muhtev ve 146 numrosuyla murakkam, ay muteber olmak ve Bulgaristan ile Romanyaya azmet etmek zere bir pasaportu hmil bulunmakdadr. Merkm Sofyada Bulgaristan Kral hazretleriyle ve meclis-i vkel resiyle mlkt etmek zere ikmet eylemi ise de Bulgar Hkmeti tarafndan hudd hricine karlm olmakla Romanyaya azmet etmidir. Memlik-i Osmniyyeye duhlne mmnaat olunmak mnsib olur.

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Bkre Sefret-i Seniyyesi Ataemiliterlii Aded 815 Bkre 11/4/332 Der-sadetde Karargh- Umum stihbrt ubesi Mdriyyetine 9 numro bildiriyor: Doktor Cerman sanat-kr ve beste-kr. Ruslara cssluk ithmyla Sofyadan tard edildiinden 14 Knn- evvel 1915 trihinde Bkree gelmidir. Bkrede Trayan sokanda 195 numroda skindir. Bu dahi Rusya Sefreti nmna cssluk etmekde ve dim cebinde Rusya Sefretinden ald rubleler bulunmakdadr. Bkrede Ermenilerden mteekkil Rus css komitesi ktibidir. Dim Rus Konsoloshnesi ve Ataemiliteriyle grmekdedir. Hemen her gn Ermeni Tanak Cemiyyeti azs merkmun evinde ictim ederek Ermeni menfii hakknda kararlar vermekdedirler. Aris Lazar Bkrede Hurey sokanda 23 numroda mukmdir. Her zaman tilfa, Memlik-i Osmniyye hakknda bildiklerini haber vermekdedir. Son zamanlarda Rus ajanlaryla sk temasda bulunuyor. Ahren hemresini stanbuldan getiren enitesi Fransaya gnll sfatyla gitmidir. Ermeni htill Komitesinin her ictimnda hazr bulunmakdadr. Fransa Sefreti ajanlaryla hsn-i mnsebetdedir. Osmanl Konsolosunun pasaport vermediinden bahsle pasaport karmak iin Osmanl tebaasndan para almakda ve nfs kdlarnn isimlerini deidirmekde ve bu sretle Osmanl pasaportlaryla icr-y ticret eylemekdedir. Ermeni Tanak Cemiyyetine haber verebilmek zere Bkre Osmanl eh-bender-hnesine ara sra gelmekdedir. Agob Kkyan Ermeni Tanak Cemiyyeti ktibidir. Ayn zamanda Ermenilerden mteekkil Rus css cemiyyeti kuryesidir. Her zaman Bulgaristanda hkmt- merkeziyye ve mttefikleri hakknda gelen malmt almak zere Pazarcka gitmekdedir. Doktor Cerman ile ve Rus, Fransz ajanlaryla gayet iyi mnasebetdedir. Tanak Cemiyyetinin en alkan azsndan biridir. Tanak htill Cemiyyetinin icr komitesinin alt azsndan biridir. Rusyaya giden Ermeni gnlllerinin pasaportlarn da merkm tanzm etmekdedir. Bil-cmle Rus ehrleri delegelerinin itirk etdii Petersburg Ermeni Kongresine dir yaknda malmt vereceim. 320

Doktor Cerman ve Aris Lazar hakknda bendenizde mevcd malmt merkmn hakknda blda verilen malmta tevfuk etmekdedir. Aris Lazarn Ruslara hizmet etdii Bkre Osmanl eh-bender-hnesince malmdur. Agob Kkyan hakknda bendenizde malmt yok idi. Bkre Ataemiliteri Mr-aly

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Bb- li Hriciyye Nezreti Umr- driyye Mdriyyet-i Ummiyyesi Umr- eh-bender ve Hukuk- Muhtelite Mdriyyeti Umr- eh-bender ubesi Aded 85160-1179 Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine Hulsa: Aris Lazar hakknda Mahremdir. Devletl Efendim Hazretleri 13 ve 18 Haziran 1332 trihli ve 4764 ve 27301 / 3000 numrolu tezkir-i liye-i safneleri cevbdr: Bkre eh-bender-hnesinin trih-i teesssnden beri Aris Lazar isminde bir kimsenin eh-bender sfatyla memriyyet-i mezkrede bulunmad memriyyet-i eh-bender sicill-i ahvl kuydtnn tedkkinden anlalmdr. Yalnz Aris Lazar nmnda bir ahsn 1 Eyll 326 trihinde mezkr eh-bender-hne kitbetine tayn olunarak 6 Mart 1331 trihinde dahi s-i istimltndan dolay azl olunduu kuyudt- mezkreden mstebn olmudur. eh-bender-hneler maiyyetinde istihdm olunan ktiblerin azl ve nasb eh-benderlerin cmle-i salhiyyetinden bulunduundan merkmun ahvl ve hviyyeti buraca mazbt deildir. Yazm olduu eser hakknda dahi nezret-i cizyye imdiye kadar bir gn malmt vrd etmemidir. Merkma dir tahkikt- mukteziyye icrsyla hviyyeti hakknda malmat its ve yazd eserden bir nshasnn gnderilmesi hussu Bkre Sefret-i Seniyyesine ir edilmi olmakla bu bbda alnacak cevbn arz ve inbs tabdir. Ol bbda emr fermn hazret-i men leh-l-emrindir. 17 Temmuz 332 Hriciyye Nzr Hall

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Bkre Sefret-i Seniyyesi Ataemiliterlii Aded 1138 Bkre 18-5-332 Der-sadetde Karargh- Umm stihbrt ubesi Mdriyyetine Numro 9dan: Nazaryan (Asl Liparyet Nazaryandr. ekerci Kapann karsnda Grand Otelinde II numroda mukmdir) kendisi Rusyaldr. Ermeni Tanak htill Komitesinin en nfzlu ve mhimm azsndan biridir. Avrupa harbinin balangcnda, merkez Tanak brosu tarafndan Trkiyeye ve Avrupa-y merkez devletlerine kar cssluk tekilt tess etmek iin Sofyaya gnderilmi idi. Ayn zamanda Tanak Merkez Komitesi tarafndan Balkan ibh-i Cezreleri Komiteleri l Resi sfatn hiz idi. Sofyaya gelince Sofya Tanak cr Komitesini bir meclise davet etdi. Ve u karar verdirdi. a. Ermeni menfiini mdfaa iin Ermenice bir gazete ner etmek ve Trkiyeye kar propaganda yapmak. b. Trkiyeye ve Avrupa-y merkez devletlerine kar bir cssluk teklt vcda getirmek. Mezkr Ermeni gazetesi idre-hnesinin ser-myesi iin para Sofyal Msy Ggas Minasyan tarafndan verildi. Ve gazete Hayasdan tesmiye edildi. Osmnl ordusuyla, Karadeniz shilindeki istihkmta dir havdis getiren huss kuryeleri vard. Bu malmt srasyla Rus ve Fransz Sefretine veriyordu. Bulgaryada harbin balamasyla kendini emniyyetde hissedemeyerek Romanyaya iltic etdi. Burada da idre etdii bir cssluk tekiltn tess etdi. Daima Fransz ve Rus Sefretleriyle mnsebetdedir. Burada Tanak cr Komitesinin l Residir. Bi-taraflar tebaas vstasyla Trkiyeden havdis almaa gayret ediyor. Bugnlerde Fransz Sefretiyle ska ska temsdadr. Pek emn bir menbadan aldm bir havdise gre Ermeni ihtillci resi Antranikin kumandasnda ve Kafkas Cebhesinde muhrebe eden Ermeni gnlllerinin bir oklar izn alarak Tiflise geldiler. Ermeni gnllleri arasnda byk mikdrda maktl ve mecrh vardr. yi tagaddye edilmemiler ve pek mutavasst bir sretde techz edilmilerdir. Buradaki Ermeni komitelerinin Kafkasyadan aldklar mektblarda mmkn mertebe 326

her trl fedkrl yaparak kolletler yapmalar ve ihtiyt paralarnn Amiyatzin Ermeni Kataligosluuna irslini ric etmilerdir. Bkreden dim sretde Ermeni gnllleri gidiyor. Evvelki gn (Rapor trihi 16 Temmuz Rumdir) dokuz Ermeni gnlls gitmidir. Bkre Ataemiliteri Mr-aly

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Osmnl Ord-y Hmynu Bakumandanl Vekleti ube 2 7 Mart 332 Der-sadet Alman Murahhas- Askeriyyesine 12/1/917 trih ve 253 numrolu der-kenrnzla muhavvel Sofya Cssluk Mevkinin raporuna cevbdr. An-asl zmirli ve tebaa-i Osmniyyeden olub Fransada fnn- bahriyye tahsl etmi ve 330 senesi Nsnnda Ceml Paa tarafndan hizmet-i bahriyyeye alnb 19 Austos 331 trihinde hizmetden karlan ve yedine veska itsyla Bulgaristana gitmi olan Hanzdynn on be sene evvel birderi Dikran nm- dieri Diran ile Parise giderek orada Diran marangozluk ve kendisi fnn- bahriyye tahsliyle seferberlikden evvel Manisada pederleri nezdine gelerek -drt gn kaldkdan sonra Diran Parise ve merkm Hanzdynn da Osmanl Bahriyyesine li-ecl-il intisb stanbula geldikleri ve bundan baka hlen Ayntabda hizmet-i askeriyyesini f etmekde olan Menyas isminde bir birderleri daha mevcd olduu ve buraca haklarnda bir malmt olmad anlalmdr.

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Bahriyye Nezret-i Cellesi Vekletine 11 Haziran 331 Bahriyye Nezret-i Cellesinde mfetti sfatyla mstahdem olduu Manisadan kendisine mrsel olub melff mektbdan anlalan Yzba Zdk Hanzdyn n hviyyet ve memriyyeti hakknda tafsilt- mukteziyyenin ir ric olunur. Ol bbda

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Bahriyye Nezreti kinci Daire ube Umm 35820 Huss 289 Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine Hulsa Zadk Hanzdyn hakknda Mahrem Devletl Efendim Hazretleri Veklet-i Celleleri kinci ubesinden muharrer 12 Haziran 331 trih ve 2584 numrolu tezkere-i devletleri cevbdr. ki sene mddet ve ehr otuz lira-i Osmn ma ve birinci yzba rtbesiyle ba-mukavele-nme 12 Nisan 330 trihli irade-i seniyye mantkunca hizmet-i bahriyyeye alnm ve el-yevm gayr- maml ey anbar memr muvinlii ve anbarlar mfettilii vazfesinde mstahdem bulunmu olan Zdk Hanzdyn Efendi ile tet olunan mukavele-nmenin bir kta sret-i musaddakas leffen arz ve takdm klnm olman ol-bbda emr fermn hazret-i men leh-l-emrindir. 14 Haziran 331 Bahriyye Nzr Vekli nmna kinci Dire Resi

---------Bahriyye Nezreti kinci Daire ube 3

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Bir tarafdan Bahriyye Nzr Devletl Ceml Paa Hazretleriyle dier tarafdan Fransada Fnn- Bahriyye Mektebinden neet etmi olan an-asl zmirli ve tebaa-i Osmniyeden bulunan Zdk Hanzdyn Efendi beyninde erit-i tiye karr-gr olmudur. Madde 1. Hanzdyn Efendi iki sene mddetle Bahriyye Nezret-i Cellesinde f-y hizmet etmeyi taahhd eyler. 343

Madde 2. Birinci yzba rtbesini hiz olacakdr. Madde 3. ehr bahriyye veznesinden pul ve sened masrifi gibi muarreflerden ma-ada tenzlt yaplmamak artyla (30 lira) ma alacakdr. Madde 4. Bahriyye zbitlerinin nizmen hiz olduklar kffe-i hukukdan mstefd olaca gibi kavnn-i bahriyyeye tbi olacakdr. Madde 5. Dire-i bahriyyenin her lzm gsterdii ubelerde f-y hizmet etmeyi muvfakat eder. Madde 6. Der-sadetden hric olarak sevk olunacak olur ise birinci snf nevlden baka yevmiyye (yarm lira) alacakdr. Madde 7. Esn-y hizmetde icr-y vazfe esnsnda veft eder ise verese-i merasna bir buuk senelik mana mukabil bir mebla it edilecekdir. Fakat kaz neticesi olarak f-y hizmetden aciz kalacak derecede mall olur ise kendisine bir senelik mana mukabil bir mebla it edilecekdir. Madde 8. Ma ie balad gnden itibren bed edecekdir. Madde 9. Fransadaki ilerini tesviye etmek iin kendisine azmet ve avdet harc-i rh olarak ve bir defaya mahss olmak zre (50) Osmnl Liras it edilecekdir. Madde 10. Senede bir ay mezniyyete hakk olacak ise de bu mddeti tecvz eder ise kst-el yevm icr edilecekdir. u kadar ki gaybbeti hastalkdan ve-yhd dier esbb- makbleden dolay neet edecek olur ise kst-el yevm icr edilmeyecekdir. Madde 11. Mezniyyetden fazla olarak bil-sebeb meru bir aylk gaybbetden sonra ibu mukvele-nme fesh olunacakdr. Madde 12. bu mukvele-nme devm etdii mddetce gerek vakt-i sulhde ve gerek vakt-i harbde f-i hizmet eyleyecekdir. Madde 13. Tarafeyn-i mukdn ibu mukvele-nmeyi tecdd etmeyi rz ederler ise mukvele-nmenin inkzsndan iki ay evvel yek-dierine ihbr- keyfiyyet etmee mecbrdurlar. Madde 14. Ne ibu mukvele-nmenin mddet-i hengmnda ve ne de muahharen gerek matbta ve gerek hric kimseye husst- bahriyye-i harbiyyeye mteallik bir gn malmt t etmeyeceini nmsu zerine yemin eder aks takdrde byle bir hlde bulunduu tahakkuk ederse ibu mukvele-nme fesh olunacakdr.

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Madde 15. Harb veya manevra zaman ve-yhd bir vazfe ile bir mahlle gnderildii zamn rtbesiyle mtensib bir mahall tahss olunacakdr. bu mukvele-nme nshateyn olarak Der-sadetde teti edilmidir. 17 Nisan 1330 Bahriyye Nzr Ahmed Ceml Aslna mutbkdr / 14 Haziran 331

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21 Haziran 331 Bahriyye Nezreti Veklet-i Cellesine 14 Haziran 331 trih ve 35820/289 numrolu tezkere-i devletleri cevabdr. ki sene mddetle b-mukvele-nme cihet-i bahriyyede mfettilikle istihdm olunan Zdk Hanzdyn Efendinin uhdesine havle olunan memuryyetlerinin ehemmiyyet-i fevk-al-desine ve u srada hem milletlerinin Hkmet-i Osmniyyeye kar filen izhr etdikleri buz ve advet ve hynetin msbet bulunmasna binen mm-ileyhin sret-i istihdmnda bu noktaya dikkat edilerek tarassud altnda bulundurulmas ric olunur ol bbda.

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Bb- l Dhiliyye Nezreti Emniyyet-i Ummiyye Mdriyyeti Umm Huss: 1660 Karargh- Umm stihbrt kinci ube Mdriyyetine Hulsa: Zdk Hanzdyn hakknda. 14 Haziran 1332 trih ve 27762 numrolu tezkere-i vllar cevbdr. Zdk Hanzdynn muhkemesine dair gnderilen gazete tercemeleri ideten takdm klnmdr efendim. 14 Temmuz 1332 Emniyyet-i Ummiyye Mdri

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---------17 Haziran 332

Bulgar matbtndan mtercemdir Sofyada mnteir Utro gazetesinin 28 Haziran trihli nshasndan: Rus cssu Hanzdynn muhkemesi Varnann Ruslar tarafndan bombardman edildii esnda tilf Devletlerine cssluk etmi olmakla mttehim ve Ermeni milletine mensb bulunan Hanzdynn muhkemesine dn sabahdan itibren Rusuk Divn- Harbinde bed ve mberet edilmidir. Hanzdyn, sevhil-i bahriyyenin emr-i mdfaasna mteallik olarak filo kumandanlndan bir gn malmt taleb eylememi olduunu beyn etmidir. Hanzdynn muhtelif seneler zerine pasaportu hmil olduu mahkemece mertebe-i bedhete varmdr. Hanzdyn fnn- bahriyyeye gh olduunu mir diploma ibrz edememidir. Mttehim, Fransz muhibb olduunu itirf etmi ve bunun iin tilf Devletlerine kar muhrebe vukuunda ordumuzda hizmet-i filiyyede bulunamayacan beyn eylemidir. Donanma kumandan bulunan hid mr-aly kumandanla beynt- tyede bulunmudur: 346

Hanzdyn, General Y. ile bana Trkiyenin mahv ile yaknda anakkalenin sktuna Almanlar sebeb olduunu, Bulgarlar, Almanlara tebaiyyet ederek tilf Devletlerine kar hareket etdikleri takdrde arzmize Fransz askerleri ihrc edileceini ifade etdi. Hanzdyn, beynt- mezkrede bulunduunu inkr etmedi. Mr-aly kumandan Hanzdynn zabit olmamala berber bheli ve iki yzl bir adam olduunu netce olarak beyn etdi. hidlerden Mr-aly AVM Kapol Masarob olarak hafiyyen Mhendis Lazarof da alenen isticvb edilmidir. Lazarof, Hanzdynn gayr- cidd ve mumelt- bahriyyeye vukfu olmadn ifde etdi. Ehl-i hibreden Todorof mttehime id evrka mevz imzlardan biri shte olduunu beyn etdi. Dier ehl-i vukfdan mlzm yedi senede icr edilecek tahslin senede icrs gayr- kbil olduundan riyziyyta vukfu olmayan Hanzdynn senede bahr mhendisi olmas mmkn olmadn ifde etdi. Mencaylof ve Kara vanofun krat olunan ifdtndan mttehimin muntazam bir tahsli olmad, hatt okuduu fennlerin profesrlerini tanmad tezhr etmidir. Mttehim Romanya Ataemiliteri ile grmediini ararak, titreyerek nokta-i Fransa Sefretine raporlar it etmekde olduunu beyn etmidir. hidler mttehimin yalanlarn meydana koydular. Mttehimin Fransa ve Romanya sefrleri ile mnsebtda bulunduu tahakkuk etmidir.

---------Bulgar matbtndan mtercemdir.

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---------18 Haziran 332

Sofyada mnteir Utro gazetesinin 29 Haziran trihli nshasndan: Zdk Hanzdynn muhkemesi Rusuk Divn- Harbinde muhkemesi ryet olunan Zdk Hanzdyn, Fransann tavassutuyla Trkiyede byk bir memriyyet igl etmidir. Hanzdyn mahz cssluk etmek zre Trkiyede memriyyet kabl eylemidir. Bu maksad ile Trkiyede memr olduu da Fransann Sofya Ataemiliterine it eyledii raporlardan mstebn olmakdadr. Hanzdyn, Bulgar Ataemiliteri olmak zre Bulgaristann stanbul Sefrine mrcaatda bulunmudur. Bilhire Varnada yerleerek cssluk etmek maksadyla Bulgaristann emr-i mdfaasna mteallik husst ile merkez hatt zerinde hareket eden katarlarn seyr hareketlerine dir malmt cemine ibtidr eylemidir. Hanzdyn Varnada bulunduu srada Fransaya malmt it eylemee devam etmidir. Hanzdynn dava vekli, mvekkilinin stanbulda bir ay ticaretde bulunduunu, ufak tefek eylerle itigl etdiini bu miynda Trkiyenin emr-i 347

mdfaasna mteallik havdis istihsl eyleme rzsunda bulunduunu beyn ederek beretine hkm it olunmasn taleb etmidir. Rusuk Divn- Harbi, csslukdan dolay Hanzdynn beretine ve 300 Frank ele geirdii iin de ay zindn habsine mahkmiyyetine dir it-y hkm eylemidir.

---------Cssluk Meni Diresi Numro A 2303

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Sofya, 5/1/1917

Beyolunda Alman Asker Murahhasna Trk tebaasndan ve sbk Fransz ve Trk bahriyye zbiti Zdk Hanzdyn (Ermeni), Rusukdaki Divn- Harb tarafndan cssluk thmetiyle muhkeme edilib delilin mefkudiyyetinden dolay beretine hkm edildikden sonra, Lofada Bulgar memrni tarafndan habs edilmidir. Hanzdyn Manisada (zmir Vilyetinde) 1886 senesinde domu ve kendisine Bahriyye kdemli yzbas, mesha-i bahriyye mhendisi nmn vermekdedir. zerinde bulunan ve ksmen tahrf ksmen tasn edilmi olduu anlalan evrka ve tahkikat esnsnda vuku bulan beyntna nazaran merkm Sveti Mesrop (zmir) deki mddet-i tahsliyyesini bitirdikden sonra 1906 1916 senelerinde Paris ve Brestde bulunmu ve orada mekanik, seyr-i sefin ve saire derslerine devm etmidir. 1911 senesinde ksa bir mddet vatannda bulundukdan ve orada Fransz bahriyyesi hakknda konferanslar verdikden sonra merkm Parise avdet etmi ve orada Fransz bahriyyesinin mesha-i bahriyye hizmetinde alm ve Fransz Hkmeti tarafndan tedkikatda bulunmak zre Lbnan sahillerine gnderilmidir. Avdeti zerine Anadoludaki Ermeni vilyetleri hakknda konferanslar verdi. 1914 de merkm Bkre tarkiyle stanbula avdet etmi ve 20 Nisan 1914 de Mesha-i Bahriyye ve Torpil Umur- Mdri olarak Trk bahriyyesine girdi. 1915 senesinde talebi zerine bery- tecrbe Bulgar bahriyyesine tayn edildi. Fakat ksa bir mddet sonra azl edildi. Merkmun sk sk deien tark-i messi, Fransann Delfasa, Prens Bonapart, General Damad, Amiral Dolmta ve Amiral Marvel gibi byk siysiyynu ile olan mnsebt ve muhbert, Fransada Fransz olmak hussundaki messi ve nihyet Trk bahriyye zabitn mahfilinde Fransz taraf-drln vcda getirmek hussundaki sarf- messi Trk memrni tarafndan aleyhine tkbt icrsn iltizm etmi, fakat dostlarnn (Mr-aly Hakk Bey nmnda bir ztn) nfzu sayesinde netcesiz kalmdr. Buradaki Fransz ve Romen Ataemiliterleri ve Fransz sefri ile olan ahs ve tahrr-i mnsebt ve mahall-i vrdu hakknda kf derecede malmt veremedii mhimm mikdrda para dolaysyla Bulgar memrlar da 348

merkmun Fransa lehinde csslukda bulunmasndan bhelenerek merkmu tevkif etdirmi ve hynet-i vataniyye dolaysyla aleyhine takbt- kanniyye icr etmi fakat ibtidda zikr edildii vechle beretine karar verilmidir. Bldaki husstn Trk memrlarna nfi olmas muhtemeldir. Hanzdyn hakknda orada ne gibi bir fikr mevcd olduu hakknda ve ifdtnn muvafk- hakikat olub olmad hakknda irsl edilecek ksa bir malmt hakknda mteekkir kalacam arz ederim. nmna Mlzm- evvel Beyolu 12/1/917 desi ricsyla Karargh- Umm 2 nci ube Husl-i malmt zmnnda takdm klnr ve son cmle hakknda beyn- mtala buyurulmas istirhm olunur. nmna Svri Yzbas Der-sadet Almanya Sefreti Asker Murahhas Numro 253

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Birinci Ordu Kumandanl ube 1 Ksm 2 Numro 2588

Niantanda Ordu Kararghndan 29/6/332

Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine Hulsa: Beinci Kolordu Ahz- Asker Heyeti mntakasnda der-dest edilen Ermeni firrleri hakknda. Yozgada tbi Sorgun nahiyesinin Dili karyesi civrnda takb mfrezeleriyle asker firrleri beyninde vuka gelen msdemede muaddel mavzerle msellh bir neferin ve Akdamadeni mntakasnda dahi Ermeni firrlerinden be erkek ile bir kadnn meyyiten ve bir kadnn da hayyen derdest edildii ve ehr-i hlin on drdnc gn Akdamadeninin Kesri ve Demirci karyelerinden drt ahsn kye gitmekdeler iken Ermeni firrleri tarafndan katl edildikleri ve takbta iddetle devm edilmekde bulunduu Beinci Kolordu Ahz- Asker Heyeti Riysetinin irna atfen maruzdur. Birinci Ordu Kumandan

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Trkler Hakknda Mdhane-krlk Son zamanda Amerikallar birdenbire Trklere kar nazar- dikkati clib bir sretde ibrz- nezkete balamlardr. Amerikann stanbul Sefri lks hem-ehrlerinin hiss-i menfaatden zde olarak, Trk dostlarnn iyiliklerini istemekle berber, kendi heyat, mektebler ve messest- sireleri ile bir muvenet-i filiyye ibzlinden baka bir rzlar bulunmadn birtakm tumturakl elfz ile beyntda bulunmudur. Byle insaniyyet ve mahabbet-i beeriyye szleriyle ssl kelimeler ngiltere veya Amerikadan vrid olduka her halde bheli addedilir. Birbirinin fikren mukreneti bulunan bu iki devlet, maddeten pek azm olan menfaatlerinin nazarnda nfz edemeyecei nasl bir manev stre ile ihta itmek lzm geldiini pek l bilirler. Amerikallarn mekteb ve hastahneleriyle Trkiyeye baz iyilikler yapm olduklar kbil-i inkr deilse de acaba bu Amerika heyetinin faliyyeti Trkiyeye gstermi olduu fideden daha ziyde mazarrat tevld etmemi midir? Evvel unu tasrh edelim ki Amerika misyonerleri itikdt- mezhebiyyece ngilizlerle tevem bulunduundan Amerika misyonerleri dim ngiliz menfiine de almakdadrlar. Fakat bunlar hibir zaman menfi-i hassaden slim olarak almayan, bir rhn memr, bir muallim yhd bir tabbin arkasnda servetini beyhde yere sarf etmeyen ve kendi amel Hristiyanlk dinini tasdk ile beraber altun sadsna intizr eden mliyyunlar bulunmakdadr. Alel-huss Amerika misyonerlerinin Trkiyede faliyyetleri pek az kimseler tarafndan anlalabilmi olan baz birtakm siyas maksadlar da takb etmekdedir. Amerika heyetinin intihb etmi olduu mahall Ermenistandr. Geri stanbulda da Amerikann messest- hayriyye ve talmiyyeleri mevcd ise de fakat bunlar temeli Ermenistanda bulunan bir binnn kubbesini tekl etmekdedir. Ne kadar garb grlrse grlsn, senelerden beri devm eden Ermeni karklklar orada bulunan Amerika papas ve muallimlerinin icr-y tesriyle alka-drdr. Lkin bununla Amerikallarn, dorudan doruya ihtilli icr etdirmi demek istediimiz anlalmasn, geri bu da vki olmudur. te dim hl-i kymiyyede bulunan Ermenilerin eksersi Amerika tebaasndan bulunduklarndan, her zaman Amerika misyonerleri ve nihyet stanbuldaki Amerika Sefaretinde mazhar- himye olurlard. Meselenin hulsas da u vechiledir: Amerika mekteblerinde diman ihta edemeyecei anlalmaz bir sretde Amerika ser-best ile zihinleri doldurulmu olan Ermeni genleri Trkiye Hkmeti aleyhindeki tertbt- hafiyyeye itirk etmekle, Hkmetin takbtna dr olarak Amerikaya firr ve Cemhir-i Mttefika-i Amerikann himyesine dehlet ile Amerika memrnin mzheretiyle nizmen muayyen olan zamandan daha evvel Amerika tbiiyyeti altna girerek, Amerika pasaportuyla mcehhez olduu halde acele tekrar 356

memleketleri Ermenistana avdet ederek onun himyesine istinden alen sretde Trkiye Hkmeti aleyhine ifsdta girimekde idiler. Hkmet nihyet sabr tkenib de bunlara kar hain elini uzatd vakit, ngiliz Amerika rejisi altnda tekml memlik-i mtemeddine de Trklerin Hristiyan Ermenilere kar icr eyledii mezlmden dolay bir feryaddr balard. Mkerrer defalar Amerika harb sefneleri Trklerin Amerika tebaasna rev grd bu taarruza kar lzm gelen tarziyeyi taleb etmek zre Anadolu sevhilinde grnrlerdi ve Trklere bu mukbil dim bir tazmint vermek veya hi olmaz ise vad etdirirlerdi. Zten Trkler de byle baz meblie borlu kalmaa alm bulunuyorlard. Ermeni meselesi Amerikann matbt ve siysetinde dim bir rol oynadndan artk Amerika misyonerlerinin Ermeni ileriyle uramalar keyfiyetinin meni ile artk buna bir netce verilmesi hakknda mkerreren kongrede rzlar izhr olunmu ise de bit-tab ehemmiyet verilmemidir. Fakat bu sonu gelmez Ermeni meselesi Amerika tbiiyyet nizm-nmesinin tebdline sebeb olmudur. Bunun zerine Amerika tebaalarnn vatanlar olan memleketlerine avdetlerinde iki sene sonra hakk- tbiiyetlerini gayb edecekleri hakknda bir mukarrert ittihz olunmu, ite bu vechle bu mfsdlerden kurtulunaca md edilmi idi. Tab bu meselede ngiltere dim geriden gizlenerek tekrar Ermenilere kar bir vaka zuhrunda dim onlara taraf-dr olarak meydana kmdr. Hsl bunu tevk eden kuvvet dim geride gizli olarak kalmdr. Onun maksad Ermeni ititnn cerhalarn Trkiye cesedi zerinde ak bulundurarak Trkiyeyi bu vechle zayf drmekdi. Bu mesele de Fransa ve Rusyada pek hhi-ker muvinlere mazhar olmudur. Amerika misyonerleri bu maksada vusl iin en iyi bir vasta tekl edib, bunlardan hi birisi dhilen mttehid, metn, kuvvetli bir Trkiyeyi rz etmediinden, ibu Amerika misyonerlerinin ileri srlmesiyle tekml dnyaya kar Hristiyanl, dinsiz ve Trklere synet edilmekde olduunu gstererek gz boyuyorlard. Bu arada tab imtiyzt kovalamak hussuyla tazmnt talebi iddilar iyi bir vesle tekl ediyordu. Amerikann imdiki nezketi de kymetli imtiyzt istihsli iindir. imdi Trkiyenin paraya ihtiyac olduu ve harbden sonra paraszlkdan kurtulamayaca meselesi mevz- bahs olmakdadr. Amerika Trklerin dmanlaryla mttefiklerinden kum gibi para kazanmdr. Bu kazanlm para ile imdi Trkiyeden byk imtiyzlar alarak demir yollar ins ve Anadoluda maden ocaklar satn alnmas mnsib deil midir? Sefr Morgontav kurnaz bir ticret ehli olarak bu hussda byk menfaatler temn etmi ve az bir para ile banka imtiyzt istihsl etmidir. Onun halefi olan lks ayn semereyi iktitfa gayret ediyor. te bu bizim

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hepimize ve bi-l-hssa Badad hattnn istikbli iin gzmz amaa kfi sebeb tekl eder. 2 nci ube 31569 Nzr Paaya Dhiliyye Nazrna Hriciyye Nazrna birer sret yazlmdr / 25 Eyll 332

Bir sreti Nzr Paa Hazretlerine takdm edilmidir. 2/ 8 /32 d Ksm III

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Osmanl Ordu-y Hmynu Bakumandanlk Vekleti nc Ordudan Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine mevrd ifredir. Bafra mntakasnda Rum ve Ermenilerden mrekkeb bir ete ile takb mfrezemizin iki gn devm eden msdeme netcesinde, aklerden yirmi dokuzu meyyiten ve yedisi hayyen der-dest edilmek sretiyle ete kmilen imh edilmidir ve muhtelifl-cins on tfenk bir bomb ve iki yz on fienk elde edilmidir. Ekynn bomb istimal etmelerine ramen bir hafif mecrhumuz vardr. Bafra cihetinde dolaan ete resi Kara Yorgi alt avenesineyle arz- teslmiyyet etmi, dier ete ressndan bazlarnn dehlet etmeleri meml olmudur. Bafra mntakasnn tathrinden sonra eharenbe (aramba) cihetinde takbtn tedd edilecei marzdur. 12/3/33 nc Ordu Kumandan Mr-liv Vehb

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Deraliyye Haleb Vilyetine Devr-i sbkda Rusyadan Van, Bitlis, Mu havlsine gelerek icr-y ekvet ve iln- Mertiyyetden sonra da Mu Tanakstyun Kulbne ve Ermeni Mektebi Mdrliinde drt be sene hizmet eden mteaddid lisna in, orta boylu, tknazca, karagz ve kal yakkl ran pasaportunu hmil otuz be yanda, Urfada nakliyye mteahhidi kitbetinde mstahdem bulunan (Karz) nm- dier (Yusuf Harun) nmndaki ahsn, seferberlik ilnn mtekb Mu merkezine tbi Aka nhiyesi Mdri Sleyman Efendi ile dokuz jandarma ve milis efrdn Hns karyesinde katl ve cesedlerini ihrk ve takblerine karlan Jandarma Mlzm- evveli Ahmed Efendi ile jandarmay itlf, birok efrd cerh eyledii ihbr olunmasyla merkmun bil-celb taht- isticvba alnd Urfa Mutasarrflndan bildiriliyor. Bu imzl ve merkmun efl ve hviyyeti hakknda malmtnzn muvazzahan inbs. 14 / 4 / 33 Nzr Talat

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Birinci Ordu Kumandanl 1 nci ube 2 nci Ksm Numro 1029

Niantanda Ordu Kararghndan 10 / 5 / 33

Harbiyye Nezret-i Cellesine Hulsa: (at) da eteler hakknda. 26 / 4 / 33 trih ve 911 numrolu arza-i cizye zeyldir: (Boazlyan)a tb olub (55) kilometre arknda ve (Akda) madeninin (25) kilometre cenbunda vki (at) civrndaki ormanlk ve kayalklarda mtehassn ve maetlerini civr kylerden tedrik eyleyen (60) kadar msellh Ermeni ve Rum firr eteleriyle (Boazlyan)n (45) kilometre arknda vki (Ikl) ve (Sezir) arasndaki (Tenos) mfrezeleri arasnda msdeme vuku bularak bir mecrh mukbilinde eteden maktl dd ve etelere id sekiz yz fienk itinm edildii ve (Kzlcaova)ya bir sat mesfede (Afaralan) nm- dier (erialan) karyesine mezkr eteler hcm etmiler ise de (at)da meskn mltecilerle vuku bulan msdemede etelerin ricata mecbr edildii ve fakat o civrdaki yolculara mezkr etelerin her zaman taarruz ederek para ve eylarn gasb etdikleri ve msellahan doladklar cihetle (Kayseri) Takb Taburu Kumandanlnn vki olan mrcaat zerine mikdr- kfi ceb-hne ile daha (30) piyade neferi gnderilerek takbta germ verilmesi lzmunun tabur- mezkr kumandanlna yazld Beinci Kolordu Ahz- Asker Heyeti Riysetinin irna atfen marzdur. Birinci Ordu Kumandan

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Bb- l Dhiliyye Nezreti Emniyyet-i Ummiyye Mdriyyeti ube: 2- Kalem-i Huss Umm 1382 Huss 91 Mahremdir Ordu-y Hmyn Bakumandanl Veklet-i Cellesine zmit Amele Taburundaki Ermenilerin eky etelerine yataklklar tevl etmekde olduundan bunlarn hemen baka mahalle kaldrlmasna dir Devletl Efendim Hazretleri 21 Mays 333 trih ve 1273 numrolu tezkereye zeyldir. Ermeni ekysnn sha-i ceveln olan orman dernundan karyelerine gitmekdeler iken gib olub taharri edilmekde olduklar evvelce bildirilen Serindere karyesinden Hac Bill kermesi Hadice ve Aksn karyeli Sleyman kermesi Glfedar nmlarndaki zt-l-zevc iki kadnla Servetiye karyesinden on yanda Ahmed olu Caferin nalarnn nim-mtefessih bir halde Efraziye ve efkiye karyelerinin alt tarafndaki dere iinde bulunduklar ve ind-el-kef bunlarn enselerinden kesilmek ve lt- criha ile paralanmak sretiyle ete tarafndan katl edildikleri ve kadnlarn elbiseleri ayr bulunmasna nazaran soyularak icr-y fil-i en edildii de kaviyyen anlald beynyla mezkr eteyi himye ve yataklk eden zmit Amele Taburlarndaki Ermenilerin baka mahalle naklleri lzmu zmit Mutasarrflndan hiren de vrid olan tahrratda izbr klnmasna ve irt- sbkaya nazaran iktizsnn seran if ve netcenin inbsna himmet buyurulmas siyknda tezkere-i senveri terkm klnd efendim. 6 aban 335 / 28 Mays 333 Dhiliyye Nzr Mehmed Talat

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Osmanl Ord-y Hmynu Bakumandanlk Vekleti ube 2 28/6/33 (Tezkire) Mumelt- Ztiye Mdiriyetine Osmanl Ermeni efrdndan olub lisn bilmeleri dolysyla tercmnlkda istihdm edilenlerin esmisiyle mahall-i istihdmlarn mir bir listenin irslini ehemmiyyetle ric ederim. ---------Harbiyye Nezreti Mumelt- Ztiyye Mdriyyeti Umr- Ecnebiyye ubesi 1743 Karargh- Umm kinci ubeye 2/7/333 trihli ve 43155 numrolu muhtra cevbdr. Osmanl Ermeni efrdndan olub lisn bilmeleri cihetiyle tercmnlkda istihdm edilenlerin esmsiyle mahall-i istihdmlarn mbeyyin listenin merbten irsl klndnn beynyla ibu muhtra tevd klnd. 24 Temmuz 333 Ermenilere id husstn sbit bir talmta rabt cb eder --------------

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373

Sret Kayd Numrosu 12 54 smi ve Pederinin smi Kasab oullarndan Yeleros olu Kigork Agob olu Kirkor Mahall-i stihdmlar Altnc Ordu emrinde Drdnc Orduda ehr imrtna memr Huzcar Efendiye Drdnc Orduda Paa Makineli Tfek Blnde Drdnc Ordu emrinde Drdnc Ordu emrinde Altnc Kolordu emrinde Levzm Beinci ube emrinde Beinci Tayyre Bl Kumandan Yzba Budkele nezdinde Altnc Ordudaki Doktor tanke Beyin nezdinde Top Fabrikasnda Fen Mdriyyetinde dtsler Efendiye Tuna Osmanl Menzil Mfettilii emrine Kprl Mfrezesi tercmnlna Drdnc Orduda Paa Makineli Tfek Blnde Ar Topu On sekizinci Alayda Mlzm- evvel imid Efendiye (604) Numrolu Makineli Tfek Bl tercemnlna Iraka gidecek (36) Numrolu Avusturya Obs Bataryasna Drdnc Orduda Paa Makineli Tfek Blnde 374

85 91 92 94 95 96

Mikil olu Artin Karabet olu Kirkor Kigork olu Kenegam Yervant olu Karakayan Artin olu Agob Bogos olu Kirkor

99 110

Aragil olu Vebrober Antranik Aravir

136 165 166 167

Dikran olu Vahan Nian olu Karabet Abraham olu Leon Kirkor Dikran olu Yervant Hayk

169 170 173

Bogos olu Artur Mumcuyan Nesrak olu Agob Vien olu Oseb ermikyan

174 175 177

Vien olu Alir ermikyan Vien olu Andon ermikyan Mercan Zenob olu Agob

Drdnc Orduda Paa Makineli Tfek Blnde Drdnc Orduda Paa Makineli Tfek Blnde Bavyera Bataryas tercemnlnda bulunmak zere Karargh Beinci ubeye Drdnc Orduda Makineli Tfek Blne (503) Numrolu Otomobil Kolu iin Menzil Mfettilii emrine Drdnc Orduya gidecek 300 Numrolu Alman Tayyre Mfrezesine Yedinci Batarya tercmnlna zmir Maden Mdri Yzba Senevezant Efendi nezdinde Tuna Menzil Mfettiliine memr bataryalarn tercemnl iin M. ksmna Tarsusda (516) Numrolu Otomobil Bl tercmnlna Ar Osmanl Bataryasna Kprl Mfrezesi tercmnlna Depo ktatnda Yzba Forivi Efendi nezdinde Donanma-y Hmyn Kumandanl emrinde telefon ilerinde istihdm olunmak zere Altnc Kolordu emrine Miralay Hevik Bey erknna dhil olacak Mlzm Osrabdal Efendiye

178 180

Onink Devletyan olu Nubar Hayk olu Ohetersakyan

188

Dikran olu Bedros Ttncyan Artin olu Andon Oseb Gmyan olu Henri Artin Bakdesaryan olu Seriraber Kirkor olu Antranik

190 194 198

201

206 207 215 219

Mikil olu Remi Aciyan Leon olu Vahram Herant emator olu Aram Mardiksiyan Masruk olu Aram Bedros Kurubalkyan

224 229

Agob olu Onink Kigork olu Leon Ermenak

375

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Karabet Hamamciyan olu Bedros Markar olu Simak Mezub Bedros olu Oseb Aanyan Vien olu Kirkor Said Hekimyan Agob olu Ohannes Simonyan Avadis olu Karabet Artin olu Kirkor

Menzil Mfetti-i Ummlii emrine Tuna menzillerinde istihdm olunmak zere 16 ve 17 nci stihkm Taburlarna Depo Mfettiliinde Binba Tavman Beyin nezdinde Levzm nc ubeye Drdnc Orduya mretteb Paa 352 Numrolu Lamc Mfrezesine Kayd terkn edilmidir Be Numrolu On be santimetrelik Ar Obs Bataryas tercemnlna Karargh Beinci ube emrine 60 Numrolu Alman Bataryas tercemnlna 29 Austos 32 Robert nakliyatnda istihdm edilmek zere Levzm Beinci ube emrine 8 Numrolu 15 santimetrelik Seri Obs Bataryas tercemnl iin Karargh Beinci ubeye 513 Numrolu Otomobil Kolu tercemnlna 512 Numrolu Otomobil Kolu tercemnlna Drdnc Kolordu Ar Topu Kumandan Yerav Beyin maiyyetine Doktor Bayer Efendinin maiyyetine verilmidir ser Karargh tercemnlnda istihdm edilmek zere Menzil Mfetti-i Ummliine 376

239 241 255 259

262 263

264 267

Ohannes Arslangel Artin olu Liparidi

269

Ohannes olu Esbegan Jirayer

285 286 288

Bogos olu stepan Hanliyan emator olu Bogos Edvar olu Alkarme

292 295

Karan olu Agob Arekilyan Avadis olu Emanuel Sedes

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Bogos olu Raul Canbaz

brilde Shhiyye Efrd Mektebine gitmek zere Shhiyye Depo Taburuna 21 Austos 33 muhassast ilm haberi verilmidir Drdnc Orduya memr Mlzm- evvel Taar Efendinin tercmnlna tayn klnmdr. Levzm Beinci ubece zmire kadar tesviye ilm haberi verilecei kaydna iaret edilmidir 17 nci Kolorduda zmirde Mntka Kumandan Binba Fonholli Beye Muhassast ilm haberi Menzil Mfetti-i Ummliine gnderilmidir 7 Kann- sn 32 Reslaynda Menzil Mfetti-i Ummlii 3 Numrolu Avusturya Otomobil Kolu Mlzm- evveli Gabrik Efendiye Amanos ser Garnizonuna tercemn tayn edilmidir 9 Austos 32 5 Numrolu Huss imendifer nt Bl tercemnlna 2 Tern-i sn 332 Toros Dekovil Hattnda mstahdem 10 Numrolu Osmanl imendifer nt Bl emrine 5 Temmuz 33 Menzil Mfetti-i Ummlii emrine verilmidir 10 Austos 332

311

Karabet olu Simakyan Suarak

312

Agob olu Kerupe izmeciyan

313

mirze Onink olu mirze Jozef Agya olu Bogos Azrunyan

317

321

Mgrd olu Karabet ikib

340

Karakin olu Nubar

343

Nazarat olu Bedros Yervant

346

Lehib olu Simon

348

Hayim olu Leon

377

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Serkis olu Hayk

2 Numrolu Avusturya Otomobil Koluna tayn edildii Menzil Mfettiliinin 20 Austos 33 muhtrasndan anlalmdr. Kastamonu ser Garnizonu tercemnlna tayn edildii Menzil Mfettiliinin muhtrasndan anlalmdr. 505 Numrolu Otomobil Koluna verilmidir. Menzil Mfetti-i Ummlii emrine ser garnizonunda istihdm edilmekdedir 16 Austos 33 5 Numrolu Huss imendifer nt Bl tercemnlna 2 Tern-i sn 332 Tayyre Mektebi Mhendisi Mlzm Berkhavz Efendinin tercemnlna 6 Austos 333 Merkez Kumandanlnda mevkf ngiliz sers tercemnl iin Menzil Mfetti-i Ummlii emrine Drdnc Orduda istihdam zere sevki iin Merkez Kumandanlna 23 Eyll 32 Drdnc Ord-y Hmyn emrinde tercemnlkla istihdm olunmak zere sevki iin merkezde

350

Ohannes olu Yervant

351 358

Artin olu Agob Agob olu Pozant

360

Bedros olu Karlev

363

Ohannes olu Vahram Poskiyan

368

Kirkor olu Deprih Markaryan

369

Kigork olu Vahan

385

Dikran olu Serkez

378

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Avakim olu Vahram

Drdnc Ord-y Hmyna gnderilmek zere Merkez Kumandanlna 12 Eyll 332 Drdnc Ord-y Hmyna gnderilmek zere Merkez Kumandanlna Drdnc Orduya gnderilmek zere Merkez Kumandanlna 12 Eyll 32 Drdnc Orduya gnderilmek zere Merkez Kumandanlna Altnc Ordu emrine gnderilmek zere merkeze 12 Eyll 32 Altnc Ordu emrine gnderilmek zere merkeze 12 Eyll 32 Gmsuyu Hastahnesi Heyet-i Shhiyyesince drt mh tebdl-i havaya 9 Tern-i sn 32 Drdnc Ordu tercemnlnda istihdm edilmek zere merkeze Tercemnlklarda istihdma lzm olmadndan Ordu Diresine ide edilmidir. 18 Knn- evvel 32 Karargh- Umm Erkn- Harbiyye Riyseti emrine 27 Mart 333 Tuna Menzil Mfettiliine memren Menzil Mfettilii emrine

391

Agob olu Kirkor

392

Mihil olu Yordan

393

Kirkor olu Ertaki

397

Kofas olu Kalost

398

Murad olu Karakin

405

Vien olu Ohannes

406

Agob olu Nian

413

Karnik olu Vahram

415

Karabet olu Misak

420

Bedros olu Hematyak

379

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Avadis olu Maksived

Drdnc Orduda 105 Numrolu Telsiz Telgraf Bl iin Menzil Mfetti-i Ummliine verilmidir Depo ktatnda talm ve terbiye grmek zere b-emr-i Nezretpenh Ordu Diresi emrine Depo ktatnda talm ve terbiye grmek zere b-emr-i Nezretpenh Ordu Diresi emrine Depo ktatnda talm ve terbiye grmek zere b-emr-i Nezretpenh Ordu Diresi emrine Bunkalli Bey maiyyetinde istihdm edilmek zere Sahra Shhiyye Mfetti-i Ummlii emrine 25 Knn- evvel 332 Depo ktatnda talm grmek zere b-emr-i sm Ordu Diresi emrine 4 Knn- sn 32 Depo ktatnda talm grmek zere b-emr-i sm Ordu Diresi emrine 4 Knn- sn 32 Depo ktatnda talm grmek zere b-emr-i sm Ordu Diresi emrine 4 Knn- sn 32 Kstence ve Romanya idre-i askeriyyelerinde istihdm edilmek zere Menzil Mfettilii emrine Ordu Diresinin 9 Knn- sn 332 trih ve 512 numrolu ilmyla gelmidir Osmanl Rumeli Kpr Mfrezesine gnderilmek zere merkeze izm edilmidir 380

450

Aram olu Ohannes Vahe

467

Nazret olu Serkez Arak

475

Haro olu Agob Oin

477

Kirkor olu Kigork

479

Aya olu Mehran Vahram

480

Avakim olu Serkez

486

Onnik Ohannes Berviyan olu Serviyan

490

Kigork olu Bogos

492

Artin olu Agob Yervant

500

Nian olu Karabet

501

Kartik olu Vahram

Osmanl Rumeli Kpr Mfrezesine gnderilmek zere merkeze izm edilmidir Osmanl Rumeli Kpr Mfrezesine gnderilmek zere merkeze izm edilmidir Suriyeye gidecek sahra top ve sahra obs heyet-i talmiyyesi nezdine verilmek zere Karargh Beinci ubeye Suriyeye gidecek sahra top ve sahra obs heyet-i talmiyyesi nezdine verilmek zere Karargh Beinci ubeye brilde tess olunan Shhiyye Efrd Mektebine 20 Nisan 33 Toros Dekovil Hattnda mstahdem On Numro Osmanl imendifer nt Blne

502

Leon olu Vahram Herant

508

Karnik olu Agob Karabet

511

Hac Karabet olu Serkis

512 522

Zakar olu Jirayer Naum olu Simon

381

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Osmanl Ord-y Hmynu Bakumandanlk Vekleti Kafkas Ordu Grubundan mevrd 883 numrolu ifredir. Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine

Erzincandan firr edebilerek Dersim tarkiyle gelen slm ahl Ruslarn btn Erzincandaki ahli-i slmiyyeyi toplayb Ermeni komitelerine teslim ederek bu komiteler vstasyla itlf etdirdiklerini hetk-i rz ve nmusun ve sir her gn hakretin ikr bir sretde icr edilmekde bulunduunu ve emvl-i slmiyyenin kmilen yam edildiini ifde etmekdedirler. Ruslarn rzsuyla olduuna bhe olmayan Erzincandaki bu mezlimin n alnmas hussunda cb eden mahallere teebbst- siysiyyede bulunulmas ment- rey-i devletleridir. Kafkas Ordular Grubu Kumandan Ahmed zzet

9-10/5/33

384

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nc Ordu Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyye 1 nci ube 3 nc Ksm Numro 939

nc Ordu Karargh 4/10/33

Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine 2/9/33 de Otuz altnc Kafkas Frkasna iltic eden Yz elli altnc Alayn On ikinci Blk Kumandan Mlzm Nikolann Ruslar ve bi-l-hssa Ermenilerin Mslimnlar aleyhinde tatbk eyledikleri fecyi ve enat hakknda yn- dikkat grlen ifdt aynen ber-vech-i zr marzdur: Mm-ileyhin bu bbda Rusa olarak ayrca yazd kd da melffen takdm klnmdr. Sarkam Harekt esnsnda Rusya dhilindeki Mslimnlarda grlen harekt- iti-neden dolay Elizabetpolde, Bakda, Ahshada ve daha birok mahallerde Mslimnlar Kazaklar tarafndan katl-i mm edilmilerdir. imdi Rus ordusunda Ermeniler menfr bir vaziyyetde bulunmakdadrlar. Bunlar muhrebe esnsnda ekseriyy geriye kab kylerde istirhat ederler, yalandan hasta olurlar, kendi kendini vururlar. Fakat yam frsatn asla karmazlar, dman ricat ederse derhl ileriye gelib ellerine geen tfenk bomba ve sireyi toplar ve saklarlar. Gerek Trk ve gerekse Rus cenzelerini soyarlar. Bidyet-i muhrebede Horasanda Otuz dokuzuncu Frkadan bir alayn alt makineli tfengini almlar ve toprak altna gmmlerdi. Taharriyyt netcesinde bu tfenkler meydana karld, filleri divn- harbe verilmek zre geriye gnderildi. Ermeniler Trke bildikleri iin Erzurumda kendilerini Kafkasya Mslimn diye takdm ederek, eksik olmayan tecvzlere kar dim himyeye muhtc olan zavall Trklerden kz alyorlar ve bade d niz ve bahnelerle b-releri tatlk ediyorlar. Gerek ehr ve gerek kylerde ahlden bi-l-hssa Mslimnlardan aldklar eyin parasn vermezler hcra mahallerde ve kylerde nmsa tecvzleri her zaman grlr hatta hl-i syide bile Erzurumun kenar mahallerinde birka kerre bu gibi harekt- nms-iken-nede bulunmular fakat yakay ele verenler tecziye edilmilerdir. Bunlarn kylerdeki etvr ve harekt mrvvet-i insniyyete samaz. Erzurumda odun bahl olduu iin geen k Ermeniler Mslimn ky evlerini ykarak aa ve kirilerini ehre getirib satyorlard bu kiriler yalnz sekenesi muhceret eden evlerden sklmyordu. Ermeniler bir kye gidiyor l-ale-t-tayn bir eve girerek shibine veya shibesine bu oday bana ver diyor ve yhd evin halkn tammyla darya karyor, bir iki gn oturuyor 388

ondan sonra damn skerek yine ayn hnenin kans ile ehre gtrb satyorlard. Gzel Mslimn kzlarn veya gelinlerini sen evvelce Ermeni idin diye yakalayb gtryorlar, eer kz veya kadn Ermeni deilim diyecek olursa darb ve tehdd ediyorlar, yed bunlardan bazlar hkmete ikyet etmek frsatn bulabilirlerse, hkmet ellerinden alarak ilesine teslm ediyor. Ermenilerin kylerde ne gibi mezlim yapdna intikl edebilmek iin nefs-i Erzurumda ihds etdikleri vakayi-i feca ve hacleden bazlarn zikretmek kfdir. Geen sene Hazirannda Mslimn kyfetinde birka kii bir iki tfenk ve bir mitralyzle Karskapusu civrndaki ykseke bir evin zerine karak buradan Erzurum Mevki-i Mstahkemi Kumandan olan generalin ikametghna ate etmee baladlar tab der-dest edildiler, bunlar kendilerinin Mslimn olduklarn din ve devlet urunda her fedakrl yapacaklarn; btn Mslimnlarn isyn ederek Ruslar perin edeceklerini, maksadlarnn temni iin lzmundan fazla asker ve esliha olduunu bir tavr- mtecellid-ne ile sylediler. Ruslar bunlarn harekt ve ifdelerinden tedehh etdiler, o srada Erzurumda bulunan Yekastritagoravski Polk seran Mslimn evlerinin taharrsine balad. Ermeniler de gy silhlar meydana karmak, taharr edilecek mahalleri gstermek iin rast gelen evlere girdiler, btn ehri yama etdiler. Para, gerdanlk, kemer, bilezik, hal, kuma ne buldularsa gtrdler, birok nisvnn nmsuna tecvz etdiler. Netcede kalemtra ve ekmek bandan baka bir ey zuhr etmedi. Taharriyyt nihyet bulunca baz Mslimnlar toplanarak kumandan nezdine gitdiler; tlndan, tecvzlerden ikyet etdiler; kumandan Ermenilerin yedindeki emvl-i magsbeden bir ksmn istirdd ve ashbna ide etdirdi ve Trklerin rzsu zerine kumandann karar-ghna ate aanlar Trkler ile muvcehe edildi. aklerden birinin vaktiyle Erzurumda kuyumculuk eden bir Ermeni olduu anlald. Erzincanl ve Trabzonlu iki Mslimn da dier ikisinin Ermeni olduunu isbt etdi. Bunun zerine Rus Hkmeti Erzurumda bulunan btn Ermenilerle civrda bulunan Trkiye Ermenilerinden bir ounu geriye tebd etdi. Silh istiml eden mezkr ehsa ne yapldn iyi bilmiyorum. Erzurum civrndaki kylerde Rus ktat bulunuyor. Bu kylerden birinde (tarfe nazaran Kn kydr) Ermeniler geceleyin bir Rus nbetisini ldrrler. Cenzeyi para para ederek sabahleyin bir uval dernunda olduu halde bir Mslimn hammla verirler. Mslimn ve erf- memleketden olan belediyye resinin evi nne brakmasn tenbh ederler. Hammla yolda iki Rus neferi tesdf eder. Bunlar, uvalda ne olduunu sorarlar. Hamml iinde ne bulunduunu bilmediini, gtrb belediyye resinin evi nne brakacan ifde eder. Neferler, uval amasn, iinde kendilerine yarayacak eyler varsa parasyla almak rz etdiklerini sylerler. Tab hamml kendine id olmad iin muvfakat etmez. Neferler, sen bize satmak istemiyorsun gtrb Mslimnlara satacaksn diye uval indirirler

389

ve aarlar. Hamml tevkf edildi. Fakat netce-i tahkikatda katillerin, Ermeni olduklar anlald. Ve divn- harbe verilmek zre geriye gnderildiler. Erzurumda Ruslarn muhlefet ve meh-m-emken dikkatine ramen bidyet-i istlda mhimm yama ve ktl yapld. Tasavvurun fevkinde enatler irtikb edildi. Nmsuna tecvz edilmedik bir-ikiyz kz ancak kald desem mblga etmemi olurum. Ez-cmle u vakay asl unutamam. Ermeniler Erzurumun cenbunda bir mahallede bir eve giriyor, gen bir vlideyi bir diree pederi de dier diree balyorlar. Bunlarn bir yanda olan ocuunu sofa ortasna akdklar kaza geiriyorlar. ocuun cenzesini ben bi-z-zt grdm. ocuun vlidesi tecennn etmidi. Erzurumda serseriyne geziyordu, kocas bu hlinden dolay kadn evine almak istemiyordu. Fakat hkmet icbr etdi. Bizim alayla Hasankalaya gideceimiz sra kasabann arknda yol zerinde tesdf etdiim insnlk iin silinmez leke olan en bir manzaray maa-l-kerha syleyeceim. Gzel olduu anlalan gen bir Trk kadn mahall-i nisviyyetine kocaman bir kazk aklm olduu hlde yerde yatyor idi. Biz bu hacl cenzeyi nazara gelmeyecek kadar yolun uzana gtrdk brakdk. Ermenilerin bu harekt eser-i kn olmakdan ziyde muktez-y tynetleridir. Rus ordusunda ne kadar yolsuzluk olduysa hemen kffesini Ermeniler yapmlardr. Bir niz, bir sirkat, bir katl bir fuh vukubulsa beheme-hl taraf- mtecviz Ermenidir. Ruslar da bu fikirdedir. Herhangi bir Rusa hatt Kazaka Trk ile Ermeni mukyese etdirilse Trk on kerre daha mlyim, meden ve yn- hrmet bulur. Ermenilerin bu hllerinden bzr olan Kazaklar yed bir Ermeniye tenh mahallde tesdf eder ve yakalanmayacan akl keserse hemen ldrr. Rus ordusunda Ermeniler hakknda bil-istisn u telni iidirsiniz: Ermeniler Cehenneme Bu bbda istihsl olunacak dier malmtn pey-der-pey nazargh- devletlerine takdm klnaca marzdur. nc Ordu Kumandan emriyle Menzil Mfettii Mr-aly Muhiddin

390

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nc Ordu Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyye ube 1 Ksm 3 Numro 1156

3 nc Ordu Karargh 20/11/33

[Hulsa] 4/8-10-33 trih ve 939 numrolu tahrrta zeyldir. Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine

Ruslar ve Ermeniler tarafndan Mslimnlara ve serya tatbk edilmekde olan mumeleler hakknda nc Ordu cebhesine muhtelif trihlerde iltic eden efrdmzla Rus mlteci ve sersnn ifdeleri leffen arz ve takdm klnd. nc Ordu Kumandan emriyle Menzil Mfettii Mr-aly Muhiddin

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Rus ordusundan mlteci Anton Nedelski ile Valenti Novakn, Ermenilerin Mslimnlar aleyhinde tadklar efkra dir zht: Ermenilerin fikri u merkezdedir: Trkiyeden igl edilen yerleri kendilerine ayrarak benimsemek ve bu yerlerde Ermeni iskn etmek istiyorlar. Gerek bu maksadlarn hz-i file karmak ve gerek Grcler gibi kendilerine dman olan akvma kar koymak maksadyla mstakill Ermeni taburlar tekl ediyorlar. Erzurumda yle bir vaka cereyn etdi: Birka Ermeni Rus Hkmetine giderek, ehr ahlsinde saklanm birok muhtelif cins esliha bulunduunu ihbr etdiler ve gy mahallini gstermek bahnesiyle taharrye memr edilen adamlarla berber giderek birok zkymet ey tln etdiler ve tab bu ihbr edilen esliha bulunamad. Bunun zerine taharrye memr olan mir: (Ey Ermeniler bu sefer artk etdiklerinizin cevbn kendiniz verirsiniz nk sizin etdiklerinizin cevbn vere vere Rus postu artk hrpaland) dedi. Erzurumun ticreti kmilen Ermeniler elinde olduu gibi Mslimnlar zerine hcm iin en ufak bir kvlcmn zuhruna mterakkbdrlar.

400

Ben Novak Oltu osesi zerinde yle bir vakaya hid oldum. Arabadan srayb inen bir Ermeni Rus nefer yolda tesadf etdii ihtiyr Mslimnlar alabildiine darb etdi. Bildiimiz baka bir ey yokdur. Rus ordusundan mlteci Anton Nedelski Valenti Novak

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25 Mart 1917 senesi (Syatovi Karast) kasabasnda Ermeniler Rus kadnn kesdiler ve kk ocuklarn kuyuya atdlar. Tiflisde istasyonda bir Ermeni bir Rus ocuunu tren altna atd ve tren ocuun ban kat etdi. 1 Mays 1917 senesinde Erivan ehrinde gece nbeti bulunan neferden birini katletdiler dierinin kolunu kesdiler ve ncsnn let-i tensln kat etdiler. 3 Maysda mevzie gelirken u vakaya tesdf etdim: Rus kdemsiz avuu olan Ermeni yolda gitmekde olan 3 Krdn zerini taharr iin Rus milletine mensb nefere emir verdi, nefer itat etmeyince maiyyetinde bulunan dier neferiyle gitdi ve Krdlerden kama, iki revolver ve 155 ruble paralarn ald. Bunu haber alan bizim Rus zbiti Ermenileri tevkf etdi ve 13 hapis cezsna mahkm etdirdi. Erzincan ehrinde arda yle bir vaka oldu: Sene-i cryenin 25 Temmuzunda drt Ermeni bir Mslimn dkknna girerek veresiye alvarlk basma ve kuma isterler. Mslimn vermekden imtin eder, bunun zerine Ermeniler Mslimn balayb azn tkadkdan sonra matlb basmay ve be top kuma alb giderler ve Mslimnn stnden de dkkn kilidlerler. Vasili Korneyevi Makugoef

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Ben tde vaz-l-imz; Ermenilerin hakknda, hastahneye yatmadan evvel 8 nci Kafkas lynda iken, unu iitdim: Bitlisin zabt esnsnda Ermeni gnllleri Bitlisde birok yerli Trkleri kesmiler. Bu takrben 1916 senesi Hazirannda idi. Baka bir ey iitmedim. 19 ncu Trkistan Avc Alayndan Nefer Veeslaf Belyayef -----------------------

Ermeni mezlimi hakknda 24 nc Svari ly 2 nci Blkden olub Ruslara esir iken firr edib gelen Zilenin Alan Kynden Koanoullarndan Osman olu Ahmedin ifdesidir: Karaurgandan Mamahtuna gelirken Erzurumda bir gece kaldk. Ermeniler hakknda Erzurumlu bir Mslimn bana yle sylyordu: Ermeniler Erzuruma girdikleri zaman pek ok Mslimn kesdiler, aza alnamayacak fenlklarda bulundular, kaplar krarak duvarlar delerek evlere girdiler, oluu ocuu bile kesdiler. Bereket versin ki, Ruslar pek ok gemeden Ermenileri men etdi. Bunlardan ele geenlere cez etdi. Arz-i mstevliyede zten ahlsi ksmen muhceret etmi olan, birka Mslimn ky biraraya geliyor. Bu sretle Ermeni tecvztna kar toplu bulunmak istiyorlar. Rus Hkmeti de bunlarn himyesi iin her kye iki Kazakla bir avu brakyor. -----------------------

1914 senesi Knn- snnin birinde Rustof Nahcivanda yle bir vaka oldu. Be Ermeni bir eve girerek skinlerini katl etdikden sonra birok para aldlar. Bunlar yakaladlar ve asdlar. 25 Mart 1914 senesi kez bir Ermeni ete tekl ederek Tatarlarn bulunduu yere gitdi ve soygunculua balad. Onlar da yakalyub hidemt- kkaya mahkm ederek Sibiryaya nefyetdiler, hebsi 45 Ermeni idi. 13 Temmuz 1915 senesi de yle bir vaka cereyn etdi. Peyatigorsuk ehri hricinde Ruslar satmak zre ehre zahre gtrrken Ermeniler Ruslar ldrdler ve zahrelerine gaz dkb yakdlar ve nihyet kendilerini de civr ormanlarda yakalyub katletdiler. 156 nc Alaya mensub stavropol vilyetinin Syatukrastovski kazsna tbi Teodorromanofka karyesinden Vasil Kuzneyevi Makugonef -------------402 ----------

alrken orbann etli ve koyu ksmlarn kendi askerine ve hemn sudan ibret bulunan aksmn bizim esirlere veriyorlard. Bizi burulmu telgraf telleriyle dvyorlard. 96 nc Alayn Birinci Taburu Kumandan Yzba Kzm Bey bacann be yerinden yaral olduu hlde Sarkama getirilmidi. Kzm Bey Ruslarn bize yapdklar mumeleden pek ziyde mteessir olmu ve bu mumeleleri hkmetimize bildirelim demidi. Ruslar zbitlerimize bizim Rus neferlerine bakdmz kadar bakmyorlar. Sarkamda zbitlerimiz yemeklerin fenlndan ikyet etdiler. Bunun zerine yalnz zbitann yemekleri o da bir dereceye kadar dzelmidi. Biz neferler de bi-z-zt ikyetde bulunduk. Bize Germanlara gidiniz onlar size daha iyisini versinler cevbnda bulundular. btid esir olduumuz zaman bizi Pirtakabana gtrmlerdi. Rus efrd zbitlerimiz de dhil olduu hlde hepimizin paralarmz ve zbitnn eysn aldlar. 96 nc Alayn Yedinci Blk Mlzm- evveli Osman Efendinin gzel izmesini bile ayandan kartdlar. Ermeniler ssz mahallerde ellerine geen Mslimnlar ldryorlar. Tirebolu civrnda bulunan Elevey kynde Ermeniler, asker telefon hattn kesmiler, Ruslara, Trkler tarafndan kesildiini sylemiler. Hamsi kynde bulunan Beinci Rus Kolordusu Kumandan, bunun Mslimnlar tarafndan yapldna inanmam, telefon hattnn tarassud altnda bulundurulmasn emretmi, nihyet telefon teli Ermeniler tarafndan kat edilirken grlm ve filleri der-dest edilmi. Bu szlerimin kmilen doru olduuna yemn ederim. kir avu ---------(Rusya) dan sret-i firrm. smim (Otto Fener) dir. (Gradons) da rm-sz Yz krk birinci Piyde lyna mensbum. Yirmi yedi Knn 1914 de ark Prusyada mecrh derek Ruslar tarafndan esr edildim. Ruslar beni (Obonisk) de bir hastahneye gtrdler. Alt hafta burada kaldkdan sonra ahvl-i shhiyemin msadesinden bahsle (Turkosfu) ya (Sibiryada) gnderdiler. Burada mesrif-i zarriyemize mukbil yevmiyye on kapik veriyorlard. Alk ve soukdan son derece mteessir oluyor idik. Bu hussda vki oln ikyetlerimize muhfzlarmz Alman domuzlar her eye tahamml etmeli diyerek mukbele ediyorlard. Ruslarn hakkmzda rev grdkleri bu nlyk mumeleler bizi son derece mteessir ederek sabrmz tketiyordu. 403 --------------

Arkadalarmdan bir oklar firr tasmm ediyorlard. Ceman iki yz kii bir barakada bulunuyorduk. Barakamzn yannda ser zbitnn ikmetine tahss olunan bin vard. Bizimle beraber bulunan Avusturyal ser da firr fikrine itirk ediyorlard. 20 Nisan 1915 de ilk defa olarak firra teebbs etdik. Ve cebhe-i firrmz, Romanya huddu. ki Alman zbiti, iki Avusturyal zbit nmzedi bir baavu ve bir de ben olmak zre ceman alt kii idik. Hudd kin (Onkoten) kasabasna gelmi idik. Burada bir nehirden gemek lzm geliyordu. Aramzda ilk defa zbitlerin gemesi karr-gr oldu. Onlar gediler. Biz tam gemek zre iken dman devriyyeleri zerimize ate etdiler. Durmaya mecbr olduk nihyet yakalandk ve fevk-al-de fen mumele grdk. Muhfzlarmz ekseriyyetle krbala zerimize yryerek bizi dvyorlard. Hapshneden hapshneye gnderildik. Nihyet Rusya ihtilli herkesin olduu gibi bizim imddmza yetidi. Bizim iin de sat-i istihls tekrar gelmi idi. lk zuhr edecek frsatdan hemn istifdeye mde bulunuyorduk. Tliimiz bize bu hussda yver oldu. Ve firrmz teshl edecek msid frsatlar ihds etdi. htill esnsnda Volga nehri zerinde kin (Asizhan) ehrinde bulunuyorduk. Zyyk- maetimizi gren Rus Hkmeti hakkmzda byk bir ltf gsterdi ve kasaba dhilinde amelelik ederek para kazanmamza msade etdi. Bu frsat fevt etmedik. Evvel kasabada mtemekkin felket-zede hem-ehrlerimizle tandk. Ruslar Prusya-y arkyi hn-i istllarnda oradan birok gen kz berber alub Rusyaya getirmilerdi. Yek-dgerimize kar pek byk bir hayli muvenet ile mtehassis bulunuyor idik. Ruslar bu kasabada bulunan Alman ve Rus esrlerinden seksen kiiyi ben de dhil olmak zre almak zre Tiflise gnderdiler. Burada firr iin tekrr frsat aramaa baladm. An-asl Almanyal olan bir Rusdan pasosuyla elbiselerini satun aldm. Ve bir Rus askeri olduumu iddi ederek trene bindim. Ve Sarkama geldim. Sarkam istasyonunda ilk defa olarak Ermenilerin Trklere kar yapdklar harekt- gaddr-nenin hidi oldum. stasyon civrnda on kadar Trk neferi odun tamakla megl idiler. Bir gn evvel yamur yadndan nakliyyt kf derece ser bir sretde cereyn edemiyordu. Trk neferlerine nezret eden bir Ermeni bundan mnfail olarak Trklere kar itle-i lisna balad. Ve elindeki sopay Trklerden birine vurarak b-re Trk hk-i helke serdi. (Sarkam) dan sonra Karaurgana geldim. Bu kasaba (Sarkam) dan otuz kilometre bade mesfededir. (Karaurgan) da gn kaldm burada Ermenilerin Trklere kar takb edegeldikleri harekt- gaddr-nenin hidi oldum. Misfir olduum evin shibi Trk idi. Ermenilerin haftada en az iki defa evlerini taharr etdiklerini, ellerine geen z-kymet eylar aldklar gibi hi yokdan bahneler ihdsyla kendilerini ddklerini yana yakla anlatdlar. (Karaurgan) dan itibren dekovil hattndan bi-l-istifde (Erzurum) a geldim. Burada da bir hafta kaldm ehr bir harbe hlinde idi. Cmiler kmilen hamam ve anbara tahvl olunmu idi. Gece sat sekizden sonra Trklerin darya kmalar katiyyen men edilmidir.

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Bir akam Ermeninin de bir Trk kzna tasallut etdiklerini grdm. Kzn feryd zerine Ermenilerden biri hmil olduu bakla derhl kz ldrd. Civrda bulunan polislerden birine koarak ihbr- keyfiyyet etdim. Polis geldi ldrlen kzn Trk olduunu anladkdan sonra istihff-krne omuzlarn kaldrd ve zarar yok, Trk kz imi, Trkler kmilen mahvolmaldr diye mukbele eyledi. Erzurumdan Mamahtuna mtevecchen hareket etdim. Yolda ta krmakla megl birok Trk esrlerine tesdf etdim. Benden ttn ve ekmek istediler. Mamahtunda bir Trk dkknna gitdim. Ve birka kutu konserve satun aldm. Maazaya ayn zamnda bir de Ermeni zbit geldi. On iki kutu kadar konserve ald. Ve dkkncdan ftn sordu; dkkncnn yirmi yedi ruble demesi zerine derhl kfretmee balad. Ve ald eylerin parasn vermeden gitdi. Dkknc bu hlin ekseriyyetle vki olduunu ve Ermenilerin mbyaa etdikleri eynn esmnn tediye etmediklerini syledi. Birka gn sonra otomobil ile (rensun) a hareket etdim. ofr birka gn evvel Krdlerin cebhede bulunan bir Ermeni taburuna taarruz etdiklerini ve Ermenileri bidyetde mevzilerinden tard etmiler ise de bilhire Ruslar tarafndan gnderilen kuv-y imddiyyenin mukbil taarruzu zerine ricate mecbr olduklarn anlatd. Civrda bulunan bir Trk kynn kamaa muvaffak olamayan kadn, ihtiyr ve ocuklar kmilen Ermeniler tarafndan katl edilmi ve kydeki z-kymet ey Ruslar tarafndan kmilen yama edilmi. (rensun) da Yz elli nc lya kayd olundum, birka gn sonra ileri karakola memr edildim. Ve burada ilk frsatdan istifde ederek Trklerin tarafna katm, Trk zbit ve neferlerinden grdm hsn-i kabldan dolay hissiyyt- mteekkir-nemi burada dahi tekrar en byk vecbe addederim. mz Otto Fener

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Vesik-i Harbiyye Dosyas Numro Sret 36 nc Kafkas Frkas Kumandanlna

Mezraadan 3/1/34 3/2/34

1. 2/3-2-34 gecesi Erzincandan kamaa muvaffak olan krk neferden yedisi Mezraaya ve mtebksi Frat cenbundaki kylere iltic etmilerdir. fdeleri ber-vech-i zr arz olunur. a. Ermeniler sekiz gnden beri evlerden hrice kma ve bir kyden dier bir kye gitmeyi iddetle men etdiler gece ve gndzleri erkek ahlyi toplayarak mechl bir tarafa sevk ediyorlar ve bunlar bir daha avdet etmiyor (Takilsa civrnda bulunan harbelerde itlf edildikleri yaral olarak kamaa muvaffak olanlarn ifdelerinden anlalmdr). Kadn ve ocuklar alenen itlf etmekle berber kilsa meydnnda ve civrnda grup grup mahallere ictima etdiriyorlar. Hulsa sekiz gnden beri en feci cinyet ve rezletler slmlar hakknda iddetle irtikb ediliyor. b. Ermenilerin kuvveti: Erzincan ve civrnda Ermenilerin tekml kuvvetlerinin mevcdu bin be yzden fazla deil (Be yz svrisi, ifde olunan bu mikdra dhildir). c. Ermenilerin ceb-hnelikleri: Ceb-hnelikler ile cebel topu kilsa meydnnda ve ceb-hneliin mevkini yan bulunduu ebniyeyi bilmiyorum. d. Ermenilerin erzklar: Evvelce kalada Ruslardan kalma erzk var idi. imdi yan bu srada kilsa meydnna ekiyorlard. Kilsa meydnnda drt byk anbarda mddahar erzklar olduu gibi her evde gyet bol ve eitli erzk vardr. Ekmeklerini evlerde ve kendi mahallerindeki frnlarda piiriyorlar baka hibir tarafda frn ilemiyor (Kilsa meydannda mddahar erzk miynnda iki bin teneke gaz ya ile klliyyetli eker olduu muhakkakdr). e. Ermenilerin ehr dhilindeki tertbt ve hareketleriyle sret-i isknlar: Erzincanda yz kadar Ermeni ilesi vardr. Bunlar Ermeni mahallesinde iskn ediyorlar. Kilsa meydannda dim iki yz kadar toplu asker bulunuyor. slm mahallelerinde devriyye geziyorlar her evde (....) mevcddur. 2. Kendi tedkikat ve mhedtm ber-vech-i zr arz olunur. a. Kprler: Kzlyazda Ruslarn iml etdikleri kpr salamdr. Yalnz piyde ve svri mrruna msiddir. Bu kprnn yedi buuk kilometre arknda Frat zerinde Apd karyesi civrnda ve Ruslar tarafndan yaplan kpr ar topu mrruna msid bir sretde iml olunmu ise de kprnn vasat on gn evvel Ermeniler tarafndan ihrk 410

olunmudur (13 metrelik iki gz yanmdr). Bu kprnn alt buuk kilometre arknda ve ordumuz tarafndan evvelce in edilmi Berzengn ayr ile Gleta arasndaki kprnn iml ve cenb taraflarndan birer gz tahrb edilmidir. Bu kpr de sunf- selsenin mrruna msiddir. Bu kprden baka Frat zerinde muhrebe esnsnda kpr in edilmemidir (Acem kprsnden arka doru). b. Kemah Boaz ile ardakl arasndaki kylerin iskna kabiliyyet-i istiblar: Krdbrastiki (ksmen tahrb edilmidir) iki bin ve Ekrek (tahrb olunmam) ve Selke (ksmen tahrb olunmu el-yevm drt Ermeni hnesi iskn ediyor) yz, oha (ksmen tahrb edilmi el-yevm iki Ermeni ailesi ikmet ediyor) yz, Silbisi (ksmen tahrb edilmi gayri meskn) elli, Hah (ksmen tahrb edilmi gayri meskn) iki yz, elibli aa ve yukar (tahrb olunmu gayri meskn) iki yz, Sibyata (tahrb olunmu gayri meskn) yz, Kyne (tahrb olunmu gayri meskn) yz, Lardos (tahrb edilmemi seksen hneli ahlsi Krd olub meskndur) iki bin be yz nefer istbna elverilidirler. (b) maddesinde arz olunan Krdbrastikde Ermenilerden on be svri Pekerili Kalos kumandasnda, Ekrekde yerli Ermenilerden drt piyde neferi vardr. c. Hastalklar: Erzincan ehrinde ve civrnda sr hastalk yokdur. d. Bu kylerden ie temn edilemez. 3. ctim olunacak kuvvet: Bulunduum kyden ve civrdan elli nefer ictim etdirdim. Vaziyyet dolaysyla sratle tezydi kbil deildir. 4. Kzlyaz ve bunun be kilometre arknda Berih karyesinde on be kiilik kuvvete lzm vardr. Bunlar faliyyetimizi tezyde hizmet etmekle berber cenh gerilerimizi temn ve kyleri yakndan muhfaza ederler. 5. Sol cenahla irtibat hsl edilemedi. Sa cenahla Krdlerle gndzleri gz irtibt vardr. 6. Ermenilerin fikri: Ordunun ileri hareketinde ehir ahlsini mahv etmek ve tasarladklar bir istikmetden (Sipikr msid) kamak ve bu hle marz kalmadan evvel aret tarafndan kapadlan Sansa Boazn amak Tercandan gelen takviye ktatn ieri almak (Takviye ktatnn mevcdiyyeti mevsk ekseriyyet-i ifde ile). 7. Ekrd ve Ermeni mnsebt: Aretler, Frat nehrinin cenbundaki kyler ve ahlsini muhfaza etmekle beraber sekiz gnden beri Sansada Ermenilerle iddetle ve ciddiyyetle muhrebe ediyorlar (yn- itimd gryorum). Gzeler karyesi Komrami ve civr kylerde silhsz ictim etmi yz kadar aret mevcddur.

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(Henz muhrebeye itirk etmemi Dersim airi hissiyyt ve efkr hakknda malmt- sahham arza kf deildir). 8. Sivil elbise tedriki buraca kabil deil el-yevm efrd kyfet-i asliyyelerindedir. 9. imdi drt hayvan izm klnd elli tfenk ve be bin cebhnenin srat-i irsline irde buyurulmasn arz ederim efendim. Aslna mutbkdr. Milis Kumandan smil Hakk

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Mahreci: Harbiyye 3572 20 3 nc Ordu Kumandanlna 18/1/34 trih ve 369 numrolu ifreye zeyldir.

ifre hall

Bakumandan Vekli Paa Hazretleri tarafndan Brest-Litovskda zzet Paa Hazretlerine yazlan telgraf sreti tiye naklen maruzdur. 19/1/34 Karargh- Umm Birinci ube Mdri Kaymakam Feldman Sret Brest-Litovskda zzet Paa Hazretlerine tideki hussu mevz bahs buyurmanz ric ederim. 1. Ermeniler Rus cebhesi gerisinde ahl-i slmiyyeye kar mtemdiyen zulm ve itisftda bulunuyorlar. 2. Tiflis civrnn kuvvetli Ermeni ve Grc ktatnn cz-i tm halinde tekl edilmekde olduu hakknda malumt- mevska mevcddur. Binen aleyh Ruslarla sulh yapldkdan sonra Ermeni ve Grclerin Rus mevzilerini igl ederek her tarafda bize kar harekt- hasmnede bulunacaklarna artk bhe yokdur. Hl-bu-ki mtreke eriti muayyen hatt- fsl ile bizi ahlmizi muhfaza etmekden ve bu teklt- ceddeyi bir kuvve-i muhrebe iktisb etmezden akdem taarruzla datmay men ediyor. Ermeni ve Grclerin u harekt- bg-ynelerine bir nihyet vermek ve mtrekeye itirk etmi olan hkmta kar efkr- muhsamet-krne perverde eden bu gibi cz-i tmlarn mtreke esnsnda teekkl edememesine almak fikrimce Rus Hkmetinin vazfesidir. Bu bbdaki nokta-i nazarlarn anlamak zere meseleyi Rus murahhaslarna ibl buyurmanz ve yed kendi askerleriyle bu fenlklarn ve bu teklt- ceddeyi men edecek vaziyyetde deillerse cebhemizde vsi mikysda serbesti-i harekt talebine mecbr bulunduumuzu da ilve etmenizi ric ederim. B-huss tarafeyn 415

olduklar yerde kalmaa mecbr iken Ruslarn kendi ktalarn geri ekerek cebhe gerisinde bize kar yeni bir dmann teekkl etmesi mtreke eritinin ruhuna tevfuk etmez. Teebbst- devletlerinin netyicinden seran malumt vermenizi ric ederim. Mustaf Nadir Bakumandan Vekli Enver

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nc Ordu-y Hmyn Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyye ube 1 Ksm 1 Numro ifre 532

Ordu Kararghndan 21/ 1/34

Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine kinci Ordu Kumandanlna 1. Bir hafta evvel Kemah cebhesinden Erzincana gnderilmi ve bugn avdet etmi olan ahsn ifdeleri hulsasn ber-vech-i zr arz eylerim: Birinci Kafkas Kolordusu Drdnc Trkistan Frkas Kararghlar 13/1/34 trihinde Erzincandan Erzuruma hareket etmilerdir. Erzincanda henz nakl edilemeyen baz vesit muhfz olarak yalnz yz elli Rus neferi kalmdr. Erzincanda asker ve babozuk kyfetli gen ve ihtiyr bin kadar Ermeni gnlls grlmdr. Bunlar Tanak ressndan Marad tarafndan idre edilmekdedirler. Erzincanda Ermeniler arasnda Grc yokdur ve Ermenilerin muntazam bir teklta mlik olduklar anlalamamdr. Erzincanda kilsa meydnnda cebel topu grlmdr. Ermeniler tarafndan ahl-i slmiyye hakknda gizlice katller, yamalardan baka, nmsa tecvz melneti de icr olunmakdadr. Ermeniler yaknda Amerikadan yirmi bin Ermeni gnlls ile Ermeni hkmeti nmna darb edilmi klliyyetli mikdrda nakit parann Erzincana geleceini ia etmekdedirler. Ermenilere id olub Ruslar tarafndan evvelce hastahne ittihz olunan byk bir bin tahliye esnsnda Ruslar tarafndan ihrk olunmudur. Ruslar Erzurumdaki ktat da pey-der-pey Kafkasya dhiline nakletmekde imiler. 2. Bir Ermeni etesinin takrben bir hafta evvel Ardasann kilometre kadar cenb- garbisindeki Foska slm karyesini basarak hneleri ihrk, mallar yama, muhaddert- slmiyyeye tecvz eyledikleri ve Erzincann on sekiz kilometre kadar cenb- arkisindeki Zegen karyesi ve ahlsinin de ayn akbete uradld istihbr olunmudur.

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3. Birinci ve ikinci maddelerde mezkr mezlimden bahs ile bunun menini ve mtecsirlerinin tecziyesini Rus Kafkas Ordusu Kumandan General Odielidzeye ve Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakumandan General Perjevalskiye yazdm arz eylerim.

ifre edildi 22 minh (mz)

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ifre mahll Refhiye 564/100 nc Ordu Kumandanlna 1. Muhtelif trihlerde icr edilen muharebtda esir den ktat- muhtelifeye mensb neferle iki babozuk 20/1/34 gn Mezekler deresi istikmetiyle Hnzoruda bulunan 36 nc Frka ileri karakollarmza iltic etmilerdir. Merkmn 18/1/34 gn Erzincandan kmlar ve da yoluyla bu tarafa geebilmilerdir. 2. Merkmnun 36 nc Frkaca icr edilen isticvblarnda zabt edilen ifdelerinden Erzincana taallk eden aksm muhbirlerimizin 21/1/34 trih ve 56 numro ile arz edilen ifdelerini teyd etmekdedir. 3. Erzincanda Ermenilerin slm ahlye kar yapdklar mezlim hakknda merkmlarn tehsi ve der-htr ile bildikleri vakayi ber-vech-i tdir. a) An-asl Zazalar ahlsinden olub Erzincanda ikmet eden Kara Mehmedin olu ile drt refki gecenin birinde -trihi tayn edemiyorlarhaha deirmeninde paralamlardr. b) Erzincan kylerinden Karakilsa kynden olub Erzincanda ikmet eden Dursun Aa nmndaki biri, srlarnn altna sermek zere ald msade zerine bir gbre deposundan arabasyla gbre alrken, be kk apl Rus piyade tfengi zuhr etmi ve oradan geen Rus devriyyeleri tarafndan merkm tfenk almakla ithm edilerek Dursun Aa tevkf edilmidir. c) Erzincanda Demirciler civrnda Krd Mehmed Aa nmnda bir babozua Ermeniler taarruz etmilerdir. Ve ayn mahallede ikmet etmekde bulunan ismini bilmedikleri bir slm kadnn cebren alb gtrmlerdir. d) Mukaddem belediyye ktibi bulunan ve hangi mahallede ikmet eylediini bilmedikleri Mehmed Efendiyi esir olarak Erzincandan alp bir semt-i mechle gtrmler ise de mm-ileyhin vlidesini haremini drt yandaki ocuunu paralamlardr. Ve on gn mukaddem on kadar Krdn bulunduu Cencige karyesine gelen Ermeni gnllleri mezkr karyeyi basarak bir gn akama kadar msdeme etmilerdir. Bu msdemede Ermenilerden dokuz maktl dmdr. 5. Kazanmak emelinde olduklar istiklliyyete mzheret temn etmek maksadyla Ermeniler bu aralk Dersim Krdlerine her hussda mmt etmekde ve Krdler tarafndan grdkleri tecvzleri de zerlerine ml etmeyerek Trklere isnd eylemekdedirler. 423

6. Merkmnun kolordu kararghna muvsalatlarnda alnacak ifdelerinde yn- ehemmiyyet olan mevdd ayrca arz edilecekdir. 7. bu ifre Birinci ubeden 62 numro ile yazlmdr. 22/1/34 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Vekli Rd ube 1 23/1/34 Paa Hazretleri gelinceye kadar toplanalm. Bugn Rus Kumandanna yazarz.

Raporun trihi 25-26/1/34 Mlteci neferlerden birisi Polathne ile Yeros burnu arasnda Ermeniler tarafndan soyulmudur. Yirmi gn evvel Ermeniler avulunun yedi buuk kilometre cenbundaki Krkl karyesiyle hartada ismi olmayan ve Grele arknda Filtirolu (?) ile Geli arasnda bulunub Aralkos nmyla yd edilen bir ky basm ve yama etmilerdir. On gn evvel iki Rus neferi Yeros burnunun be kilometre cenbundaki Yenikyn Muhtr Salih nm ahs ehd etmilerdir.

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nc Ordu Kumandanlna 1. 37 nci Kafkas Frkas 109 ncu Alay cebhesine serdan firr eden bir neferimizle ileleri muhcereten Ordu kazsnda bulunan iki ocuk 21/1/34 de iltic etmilerdir. Dman ahvline dir bu ahsdan alnan malumtn hulsas tde arz edilmidir. a) Ruslar alt yedi ay evvel Kalanm deresi arknda Karaabdala kadar devm etmek zere bir hatt tahkm etmiler ve bu hatt sra tel rgs ile takviye etmilerdir. Grelede iki tabur piyde ile alt cebel topu varm son bir ay zarfnda Greleye on dane posta vapuru gelerek asker erzk ve mhimmt alarak avdet etmidir. b) Grclerle Ermeniler arasnda muvakkat ittifk vardr. Grcler tekltlarn tanzme almakdadrlar. Silh pek ok para ediyor. Bir Osmanl mavzeri 2.000 Manata bir fienk be Manata kadar satlyormu. Osmanllar eski huddlar muhfaza ile iktif ederlerse Grclerin hibir teebbsde bulunmayacaklar ve huddu gemek isterlerse o vakit her ne pahaya ml olursa olsun mdfaa edecekleri rivyet edilmekdedir. c) Ruslarn tahliye etdikleri mntakalarda emn syi tamamen muhtelldir. Mltec neferlerden birisi Polathne ile Yeros burunu arasnda Ermeniler tarafndan soyulmudur. Yirmi gn Ermeniler avulunun yedi buuk kilometre cenbundaki Krkl karyesiyle hartada ismi olmayan ve Grele arknda Filtirolu (?) ile Geli arasnda bulunub Aralkos nmyla yd edilen bir ky basmlar ve yama etmilerdir. On gn evvel iki Rus askeri Yeros burununun be kilometre cenbundaki Yenikyn Muhtr Salih nm ahs ehd etmiler ve muhtrn yeeninin mukbelesi zerine Rus askerleri atlar brakarak kamlardr. Bu atlar Grele ete Kumandan akr avu alm ertesi gn Ermeni olduklar anlalan krk kiilik bir Rus mfrezesi tekrr Greleye gelerek Grele Trk etesiyle msdeme etmilerdir. Bu msdemede Trk etesi resi akr avu kolundan yaralanm ve Ruslardan drt nefer mecrh ve bir nefer de maktl olmudur. Bu etenin Greleye avdetinde Rus kumandan bil-msade-i resmiyye kyllerle msdeme etdiklerinden dolay eteyi tekdr etmi ve o gn Greleye gelen iki istimbota irkb ederek Trabzona gndermidir. 2. Esretden firr ile 20/1/34 de 37 nci Frka 11 nci Alay cebhesine iltic eden neferimizin ifdeleri hulsas ber-vech-i t arz olunur. a) Zigana zerinden aarken Ardasann yaklb yama edildiini duymular ve birok tfenk ve bomba sesleri iitmilerdir. b) Ermeni ve Grcler Trabzondan Batuma gnderilmekde imiler.

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c) Takrben bir hafta evvel Trabzonda inzibt- dhil iin Ruslar Trk Rum ve Acemlerden mrekkeb jandarma yazmaa balamlardr. d) Son zamanda sevkyt iin Trabzona gndere diye be tabur gelmee balamdr. 3. Bu telgraf 25/1/34 trih ve 245 numro ile Birinci ubeden yazlmdr. Vusl 25-26/1/34 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan evk

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ifre halli 803 aceledir

Refhiye 30/1/34 vrdu 31/1/34 s. 1.45 evvel nc Ordu Kumandanlna

Otuz altnc Frka Kumandanlndan Erzincan dhilinde ve civrnda cereyn etmekde olan ahvl hakknda imdi 30/1/34 s. 11.30 sonrada aldm raporu aynen arz ediyorum. Bu rapor ve yine bugn Kemaha gelen sekiz kylnn ifdelerine nazaran Ermenilerin Erzincanda fil-i muhtr olarak icrta balam olduklar kanat hsl olmudur. Mtreke mukvele-nmesini bozmu olmamak iin bil-istzn asker gndermek sretiyle muvenet icrsn muvfk bulmadm. Yalnz bu iki kylye iki silh ve bir mikdr ceb-hne verdirdim. Tensb buyurulduu takdrde kyl kyfetine girmi iki etenin sevkine msadeleri mstezen ve marzdur. 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Kzm Karabekir Sret Birinci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandanlna Erzincandan rdkendi karyesi Muhtr smail olu Feyzi Gzeler karyesi Muhtr Mustafa olu Hall Efendi imdi svr olarak Kemaha geldiler. Bunlarn ifdt ber-vech-i tdir: Eski ifdeleri tammen teeyyd etmi olmala ayrca olarak Erzincanda iki gnden beridir slmlar Ermeniler katl-i mm ediyorlar. Kaplarn kramadklar hneleri bomba ile atyorlar. Ve evlerine gaz ya dkerek yakyorlar. Yeni Cmie bugn yedi dne bomba atlm, Erzincanda be yz dneden fazla Ermeni tahmn edilmiyorsa da Mamahtunda iki bin kadar Ermeni ictim etmi ve Erzurum ile Erzincan arasn kesmi bulunan Krdlerle iddetle muhrebe ediyor. Mamahtun cihetinden top sesleri iidiliyor. Erzincanda mevcd topdan baka Harbiyye Klasnda Ermenilerin iki topu daha varm. Cebice Boaznda Kelek karyesinde be yz ve Plmrde yedi yz Krd varm. Sipikr cebhesinde Krd Muhsin Aann olu seksen kii ile bulunmakdadr. Erzincanda yalnz gze grnm erkekler kalabilmidir. Kadn ve ocuklarn hli malm deildir. Marad Paa ve avenesi kamak istiyorlar. Fakat kaacak yerleri ancak Kemah Boaz ve ardakl olduunu, dier yerlerin kmilen sarl olduunu sylyorlar. 433

Kemah-Erzincan yolundan sunf- selse mrr edebilir. Ancak kprlerin muhfazas artdr. gn evvel Prastik karsnda Ruslar tarafndan yaplm olan kpry Ermeniler yakmlardr. Acele bir mikdr kuvvet yetimez ise tekml kyleri ve kprleri yakmak ihtimli pek okdur. Bize altm kadar asker veya yz kadar silh ve mikdr- kfi asker verirseniz Erzincandan bir saat garbden itibren tekml kyleri kurtarm olacaksnz. Btn oluk ocuk ve kadnlar mdlerini ordudan bekliyorlar. Eer imdd gelmezse cmlemizi paralayacaklardr diyorlar. Ve bunu pek ziyde istirhm ediyorlar. Ben bunlara altm kadar silh ve mikdr- kfi ceb-hne vermek tarafdarym. Ve bilhire bu silhlar toplayacam. Toplayamazsam her bir mesliyyeti ben der-uhde edeceim. Emr devletinize muntazrm. 31/1/34 saat 2.30 evvel 36 nc Kafkas Frkas Kumandan Vekli Kaymakam Receb

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nc Ord-y Hmyn Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyye ube Ksm 1 1 Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine ifre 7

Ordu Karargh 2/2/34

Ermeni mezlimine dir bu kerre de elde edebildiim vakayii hk Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakumandan General Perjavalski ile Rus Kafkas Ordusu Kumandan General Odielidzeye yazdm mektblarn birer sretini aynen bery- malmt arz eyliyorum. 2/2/34 Harekt 777 nc Ordu Kumandan Ferk Vehb Mehmed Kapadld 2-3/2/34

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3 nc Ordu Kumandan Vehb Paa Hazretlerine General Odielidzeye tarf- lnizden yaplacak tebligta ilveten unu da tebli buyurunuz. Temnatnza ramen Ermenilerin slmlara kar devm edegelmekde olan enatlarna nihyet vermek zre ordumla ilerliyorum. Enver Cevb Bakumandanlk Vekletine General Odielidzeye yazdm telsiz telgrafn sretini trih ve numro ile arz etmidim. Cevben aldm telsiz telgraf sreti mtercemesi aynen zrde marzdur. Kafkas Cebhesi Osmanl Ordular Kumandan Ferk 449

Vehb Mehmed Paa Hazretlerine 31/1/918 trih ve 15195 numrolu telgrafa zeyldir. Mr-aly Morelin Erzincan vakasna dir icr eyledii tahkikta istinden verdii son rapora nazaran zt- devletlerine vrid olan malmtn fevk-al-de mbalal olduunu ber-vech-i t arz ile kesb-i eref eylerim: Mesel Erzincandan 650 Mslimnn gtrlmesi, Vhid Beyin konanda 1500 kiinin yaklmas, ayn vech ile bir kla ve hneye kadn ve oluk ocuk doldurulub yaklmas, bin kadar hnenin ihrk katyyen hakikte tevfuk etmemekdedir. Bu vakayi Erzincanda cereyn etmemidir. 15-16 Knn- sn vakayii gayr-i kbil-i itirzdr. Fakat Mr-aly Morelin zt- devletlerine arz ile kesb-i eref eyledii mikdr- zyiatdan fazla bir ey yokdur. Bundan m-ad Zegenc karyesi ihrk edilmidir. Buna dir de rapor aldm. Gayet b-taraf nokta-i nazardan bu ii tedkk ederek tekrar arz eylerim ki benim iin mcib-i elem olan Erzincan vakasnn balca sebebini Krdler ve ekseriyyetle de Trklerin asker ve nakliyyta taarruzu tekl etmekde ve buna mukbeleten tedbir-i tedbiyye ittihz olunmakdadr. Krdlerin taarruzt- ekavetkrnelerinin ne derecelere vsl olduu tdeki vaka pek gzel isbt eder. Knn- sn bidyetinde tarafmdan Erzincana mr-aly rtbesinde bir asker mhendis gnderildi. Esn-y rhda Fratn sol shilinden geen Krdler mm-ileyhi rplak soydukdan sonra salvermilerdir. Bldaki marztm 12 ubat 34 trih ve 1020 numrolu telgraf-nme ile ittihz edilecei tasavvur edildii bildirilen tedbir-i fevk-al-deye bir ihtiyc olmad ve bunun iin essl esbb olmadn zt- devletlerine arz etmekliime hak vermekdedir. Her ne bahne olursa olsun harbin bidyetinden beri her iki tarafn pek ok dkd kan tevkf etmek arzu-y samimisiyle btn efkrmn ruhen ypranm olan milletlerimizi istikbl-i karbde her iki taraf iin erefli bir sulha sl edebilecek olan mnsebt- hasenenin tessine matf olduuna itimad buyrulmasn ric ederim. Binen aleyh ordularmz beyninde mnakid bulunan mtrekenin infishn rz etmediimden zt- devletlerinden mnsebt- hasenenin muhfazas nmna 12 ubat 34 trih ve 1020 numrolu telgraf-nme mnderictnn mevki file konulmamasn ve yed bu hussda fevk-al-de bir lzm hsl oluyorsa bu gibi tedbirin hangi istikametde ve nerede ittihz iin bir lzm- mbrem hsl olduunun irna inyet buyrulmasn ric ederim. Ve Osmanl Mslimnlarnn himye-i hayt, nms ve mlkleri hussunu nazar- itibra alarak zt- devletlerinin mer rzlarn belki yn- itiraz da bulmam ve bundan mad hay ve vicdn unutarak kendi halinde yaayan Osmnl Mslimnlarna dest-i tecvzn kaldrmaa cret edenleri gerek ehs- mnferide olsun gerek sire olsun ibreten li-s-sirn teczye ederim. Bununla berber askerime kar taarruzt- ekavetkrnelerinin meni zmnnda 450

Krdlere metin-ne icr-y tesr etmenizi arz ve istirhm ederim. Emnim ki bu erit tahtnda en karb tde en sk mnsebt- hem-civryi tesse muvaffak olacaz. htirmt- amkamn kabl ve bununla berber memlik-i mstevliyede bulunan Osmnl ahlsine kar en parlak hissiyyt hayr-hhne ile meb bulunduuma itimd buyrulmasn arz ve istirhm eylerim. Numro / 15202 1 ubat 918 Odielidze

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Rus Kafkas Ordusu Kumandan General Lyotnan Odielidze Cenblarna 1 ubat 1918 trihli ve 15202 numrolu telgraf-nme-i devletlerini keml-i hrmetle aldm. Rus kumanda heyt- liyesinin hals nmna ve Ruslar ile Osmnllar arasnda ebed ve gayr mtezelzil bir sammiyyetin devmndaki rz-y liye yeni bir dell olan irt- devletlerinden dolay hissetdiim pek amk teekkrt ve minnet-drlm zt- kumandanlerine tekrr arz ve ibla msade buyurmanz ric ederim. Erzincanda Ermeni akleri tarafndan ka ve icr edilmi olan mezlimin sret ve mhiyyetini bi-z-zt grdkden sonra 13/2/34 trih ve 1021 numrolu telgraf-nmemde arz etdiim mevdda mutbk olmayan aksm aynen zt- devletlerine ir etmeyeceime itimd buyurmanz niyz eylerim. Yine mezkr telgraf-nmede zikr eylediim zre bu hareketin Rus ordusuna ve hkmetine kar ibrz- husmet ve advet mhiyyetinde telkki edilmemesini ve Rus ordusu ktatyla ve efrdyla katiyyen msdeme olunmayarak tesdf-i halde son derecede muhleset ve muhdenetle f-y mumele olunmas hussunu miyyetim kumandanlarna sret-i meddede de emr eylediimi tekrr arz eylerim. Ermenilerin gerek Fem ve gerekse Mamahtun cihetlerinde ve bu mevki ile Erzincan arasndaki aksmda baz Krd kylerini tahrb ve ahlsini habs ve imh eylediklerini istihbr eylemi olmalarndan dolay teheyyc ederek hatt- fsla tecvz ve depolara ve baz perkendelere de taarruzda bulunduklarna ihtiml verdiim Krdlerden bu gibi fazyihe ictisr edenler hakknda da en edd mumele-i tedbiyyeyi tatbk eyleyeceimi ve bunu imdiden cb edenlere emr eylemi olduumu zt- devletlerine arz eyler ve ihtiramt- fikamn kabln ric eylerim. mer Ltf -------------451 ----------

Rus Kafkas Ordusu Kumandan General Lyotnan Odielidze Cenblarna 17/2/34 Numro 1500 1 ubat 1918 trih ve 15202 numrolu telgraf-nme-i devletlerine cevben izhat- tyeyi tl- atfetlerine sl ile kesb-i eref eylerim: Erzincanda bi-z-zt mehudt ve tedkikt- ciz-nemle hsl olan hakikat zt- devletlerine arz eylemeyi perverde buyurulan huls- niyet ve ulvv-i cenb hasebiyle vazfeden addederim yle ki: 15-16 Knn- sn-i rmi vakasnda Ermeniler tarafndan katl edilerek defn edilmemi ve evlerden, dkknlardan, baelerden ve ahrlardan toplatdrlarak yarn defn edilmek zre fotografleri alnm olanlarn adedi yz on ikidir. Bunlar ierisinden yirmisi kadn, yetmi biri on drt yana kadar muhtelif sinnde ocuklar on dokuzu sakal ve byklar bembeyaz ihtiyrlar ve mtebk iki yz ikisi bu iki hudd arasndaki erkeklerden ibretdir. ldrldkden sonra kuyulara atlarak tefessh etmi ve tarafmzdan da karlmasna imkn kalmayarak kuyularn toprak ile kapatlmas sretiyle mazarrat tahdd edilmi olanlar bu hesaba dhil deillerdir. Rahatszlna binen Erzincanda kalm olan Yzba Vekli Kazmirin ifdesine gre yalnz kasaba dhilinde katl olunanlarn adedi sekiz yzden aa olmad gibi fi-l-hakka Erzincanda alt yz elli Osmanl slmnn Ermeniler tarafndan Sarkamda amelelikle istihdm edilecekleri beynyla sevk olunduklar ve bunlarn hayt ve memtnn mechl bulunduu yine Yzba Vekli Kazmirin ifdesiyle meyyeddir. Erzincan kylerinde icr edilmekde olan tahkiktn netcesini de ayrca arz edeceim. Yalnz kendi mehdtma istind etdirdiim tdeki hussu imdilik zikr etmekle iktif ediyorum. ardakl Boazndan Erzincana kadar mevcd bulunan btn kyler bil-istisn tahrb edilmi ve bunlar arasnda salam tek bir kulbe dahi kalmamdr. O kylerde braklan Osmnl slmlarnn yerinde umm ve mutlak bir boluk mevcddur. ehr hrcindeki klalarn kmilen yaklm olduunu ve yalnz kasabadaki klalarn yangndan slim kaldn grdm. Erzincan yaklm, yklm evlerin bini mtecviz olduuna asgar bir tahmn ile peyd-y kanat etdim. Bunlarn da hartas aldrlmakda ve hitmnda katl edilenlerin fotografleriyle berber taraf- smlerine irsli de teemml olunmakdadr. Evvelce Vhid Beyin kona ile hkmet diresinin ihrk edildiinden bahs etmidim. Bu ir tashh ediyorum. Hkmet konayla Vhid Beyin evi ihrk edilmemidir. Yalnz evvelki malmtda sehv vardr. Keyfiyyetce adem-i vuku yokdur. hrk edilen ev Hseyin Beyin evidir. Yaklan dire de dire-i askeriyye ile dire-i hkmet arasndaki Zeki Paa diresidir. 452

Mr-aly Morelin bundan mesi-i insniyyet pervernesi Ermenilerin hunharl nnde maa-t-teessf akm kalmdr. Yalnz Erzincan hakknda arz etdiim u panorama 12 ubat 334 trih ve 1020 numrolu telgraf-nme-i ciz-nem ile arz etdiim tedbire mracaatda ne derece hakl ve mecbr olduumu zt- devletleri gibi li-yi haslet bir kumandann tasdk buyuracaklarna bhe etmiyorum. Hissiyyt- liye ve necbenin matf- aleyhi olan rz-y samimnelerini hrmet-i azme ile takbl eder ve cizlerinin de hibir sebeb ve mn tahtnda olmayan hadsiz pynsz sefk-i dimya nihyet vererek hakikaten ypranm ve ezilmi milletlerin lmn sratle tehvn edecek her iki taraf iin erefli bir sulhn k- mutlak olduuma ve zt- devletlerinin de itimd buyurmalarn istirhm ve yaplan ileri hareketin mahz sahibsiz ve hmsiz kalarak lmee mahkm olmu ben-nevimizin her ne nm altnda olursa olsun rz ve ml ve cnn kurtarmak sretiyle insniyyete ve medeniyyete hidmet etmek gayesinden baka bir maksad takb edilmediine de emniyyet buyrulmasn temenni eylerim. Kald ki mtreke hatt- fslnn arknda ve bi-l-hssa sahil ksmlarn da Ermenilerin ahl-i slmiyyeye kar her an icrsndan geri kalmadklar mezlime mukbeleten slmlarn da anszn tekiltda bulunarak anarinin bsbtn artmaa balamasyla memleketin harbiyyete doru gitmekde olduunu ve binen aleyh o gibi yerlerdeki Hristiyan Osmnllarn her gn tecvz ve taarruza kar muhfazalar slmlar muhfazadaki mecbriyyete msv bir zdrb ile lzm gelmi ve o havldeki Hristiyanlar temsl eden heytlar bil-vrd istine eylemeleri ile bu zarret ehemmiyyetini artrm ve binen aleyh Rus ordular aksm ile temass hsl edinceye kadar ilerleyerek Rus ordusunun ekilmesiyle bo kalan shada tess-i syi ve inzibt emr olunmudur. Her trl s-i tefehhmta imkn kalmamak iin ktat- Osmniyyenin msdif olaca Rus ktatna kar katyyen vaziyyet-i hasmne almamas sret-i meddede de emr edilmi ve binen aleyh ibu temass hsl oluncaya dein Osmanl tebaasnn mtemekkin bulunduu (harb netyici ile akdemce Rus ordusunun taht- igline girmi olan sha dhilinde ber-vech-i marz hareketde bulunacan arz ve ahd eylerim. Bu mnsebetle zt- devletlerine yine keml-i hrmetle arz eylemei bir vazfe bilirim ki ordularmn ileri harektnda hedefleri Rus ktat deildir. Rus ktatyla vukua gelecek ilk temass ile ibu ileri harektdan takb edilen tess-i asyi keyfiyyeti temn edilmi olur. htirmt- amka-i aciznemin kabln ric ve niyz eylerim. General Hazretleri. Telsiz telgrafla yazlmdr.

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Kafkas Cebhesi Osmanl Ordular Kumandanl Aded

Ordu Karargh

Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakumandan General Perjavalski Cenblarna General Hazretleri! Rus hatt- fsl gerisindeki arzde bulunan Rus ktat- askeriyyesinin geri ekilmi bulunmas mentk- marzadaki tebaa-i ahlmizin Ermenilerin dest-i mezlimine terkini ve buralarda emn asyiin tamamen ihllini mcib oldu. Tevrih-i muhtelifede Ermeni vakayi-i ciniyye ve efl-i enatkranesi hakkndaki marzatma zammeten unu da arz etmek isterim ki syisizlik gnbegn tezyd etmekde ve elde edebildiim malmta nazaran Erzincan, Ardasa, Gmhne, Vakfkebir, Polathne havlsi birer sahne-i katl-i mm olmakdadr. Erzincan Asker Kumandana Erkn- Harbiyye Mr-aly Morel tarafndan Refhiye Mtreke Komisyonu Rus azlarna gnderilen ve Yzba apliken imzsyla Refhiyeden telefonla cizlerine aynen verilen telgraf mnderctndan 15-16 Knn- sn-i rm gecesi nefs-i Erzincan kasabasnda pek elm vaky cereyn etdiini azm hzn ve matemle rendim. Marz mektbda silh sakland maznn olan bir hnenin taharrsi esnsnda gy bir Mslimn tarafndan bir neferin cerh edilmi olmasnn vakaya sebeb olduu ve Erzincandaki askirin asabiyyetleri fevern ederek Mslimnlardan (bendenizce crmsz, kabahatsiz) yz mtecviz nfsun katl edildii ve bir hnenin ihrk olunduu itirf edilmekdedir. Bugn Erzincanda Rus ktat mevcd olmamasna ve yirmi be seneden beri Erzurum, Van ve bi-l-hssa Bitlis vilyetleri dhilinde harekt- ihtillkrisiyle hkmetin huzr ve rahatn selb etmi ve bid-deft mukateleye bis olmu ve gyben mehkim-i Osmniyye tarafndan idma mahkm edilmi eski Ermeni ete ressndan Sivasl Marad nm errin bana toplad hemplaryla yed-i idreyi ellerine alm bulunmasna ve Mr-aly Morelin ekilden baka bir mhiyyeti ve emr ve nehyi ka kudreti bulunmamasna nazaran bu hdise-i hirenin de 24/12/33 ve 22/1/34, 29/1/34, 2/2/34 trih ve 1322 ve 632, 188, 816 numrolu muharrert- ciznemde bast u tafsl eylediim vaky ve hdistn mbad olub Ermenilerin mretteb bir plan dhilinde birbirini vel ve takb eden ve edeceinden de zerre-i bhe olmayan ihrk- buyt, katl-i nfs, nehb-i emvl ve hetk-i rz gibi cinyetlerle Osmnl ehl-i slmnn mahv ve ifnsn tasmm eyledikleri ve Rus kumandan heyt- liyesinin huls- tmmn btn kalbimle muterif olmakla berber maa-t-teessf yed-i ihtiyrda bulunmayan esbbdan ni ibu anarinin halen nne gemee muktedir olmad ibu vakyiin tezyden devm etmekde bulunmasyla ve vzhan meyyed sarhaten mukayyeddir. Mr-aly Morelin Yzba aplikene mersl telgraf-nmesinin bir fkrasnda aynen: Erzurum-Erzincan tarki zerinde Krdlerin askere ve 454

nakliyyt ve anbarlara mtemd taarruzlarndan dolay tarkin tarafeyninde bulunan ve Krd ekylarna yataklk eden kyleri tahrb sretiyle tedbir-i tedbiyye ittihzna mecbrum muharrer olub cbt- askeriyye ve muktezayt- harbiyyenin istilzm etdii tedbire kar ref-i nid-y ikyet etmek htra gelir mesilden deilse de kylerin ihrk keyfiyyetinin cbt- askeriyye ile telf kabul eder yeri bulunmad ve ibu kylerin muharrert mtekaddime-i ciz-nemde arz ve zah eylediim vech ile Ermeniler tarafndan k edilmi ve li-sebeb-i min-el esbb bir ekilde gsterilmesi iltizm olunmu vakayiden ibret olduu kanatini besledikden ve Ruslarla Osmnllar arasnda ebed ve gayr-i mtezelzil bir sammiyyete doru mterek hatveler atlrken Ermeniler tarafndan k olunan bu gibi cinyt ve tahrbtn yanl bir zann ve telkk ile Ruslara atf olunaca der-kr ve bu sebeble ahl-i mahalliyyede hsl olacak itimatszlk ve mdsizlik teammm ve tevess edecei de ikr olub bununla tessine savalan vifk ve meveddetin dr- zaaf olmas tab ve bunun filen tekzbi de lzm ve zarur bulunduuna kni bulunduumdan dolay cizlerini hakl ve mazr grmelerini zt- devletlerinden ric ederim. Kelkitdeki Muhtelit Mtreke Komisyonu Osmnl ve Rus azlarndan aldm bir telgraf-nmede dahi kolordu ve frka kumandanlarnn 4/2/34 sonra da Kelkiti terk ile hareket eyledikleri ve mrn-ileyhmnn Ermeniler tarafndan ahli-i mazlme-i slmiyyenin dr olagelmekde olduklar zulm ve itisftdan son derece de mteellim olduklar bildirilmekde ve bugn Kelkitde tek bir Rus neferi dahi kalmad cihetle komisyon azlarnn Kelkit ve civrndaki ahlnin haytn ve Kelkit dhilinde ve civrnda bulunan ey ve erzk maazalarn ekyya kar muhfaza iin mikdr- kfi Osmnl ktatnn izm mezkr Muhtelit Mtreke Komisyonu azlarnn mtereken tanzm ve imz ve irsl eyledikleri mazbata ile istirhm edilmekde ve ibu mazbatann ne gibi bir mecbriyyetle yazld aikr bulunmakdadr. Gerek Mr-aly Morelin Yzba aplikene mersl telgraf ve gerek Kelkit Muhtelit Mtreke Komisyonunun bahs etdiim mazbata sretleri leffen tesyr- savb- devletleri klnm ve Rus askerlerinin tahliye etdikleri mentkdaki hl ve vaziyyet tedbir-i cile ve mukarrert- mstacele ile slah ve temninin insniyyet ve medeniyyet nmna farz olduu sbit olmudur. Rus kumanda heyeti liyesinin btn hsn-i niyetine ve rz-y smmnesine ramen dr- zulm ve itisf olagelmekde olan tebaa-i Osmniyyenin ml, cn ve rzlarnn muhfazas ve Rus ktat tarafndan tahliye edilen mntakalarda syiin tess ve takrri iin kumandam altnda bulunan iki ordudan baz ktat ileri srmek zarretinde bulunduumu zt- smlerine arz ve ibl eder ve ibu hareketin Rus ordusuna kar ibrz- husmet ve advet mansnda olmayb Rus ordusu ktatyla katyyen msdeme etmemek ve her nerelerde Rus askerlerine tesdf olunursa meveddet ve muhleset ve muhdenetle mumele f etmek hussu sret-i meddede maiyyetim kumandanlarna emr etdiimi ilve ederim. 455

Bu vesile ile Erzincan Mtreke-nmesinin Rus ktatnn ekilmi olmasndan dolay meriyyet-i ahkmn gib eden hatt- fsla id mevddndan gayri bi-l-umm mevdd kemkn bk ve cr olduunu ve bu harektn bir sevk-i zarret ve bir hiss-i medeniyyet ve insniyyetle yaplb baka bir many mutazammn bulunmadn asker lisn ve asker kalemiyle derc ve zh eder ve huls- niyet ve temm-i ciddiyyet-i muhibbiyeye tamamen emn olmalarn ve ihtirmt- mahssa-i ciz-nemin kabln ric ve niyz eylerim. General Hazretleri Kafkas Cebhesi Osmanl Ordular Kumandan Ferk Vehb Mehmed

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Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine Ermeni etelerinin ahren Erzuruma ekilirken ahli-i slmiyyeye icr etdikleri mezlim ve itisfd ber-vech-i t kayd ve tesbt edilmidir. 1. Tazegl karyesi ahlsinden otuz kadar kadn ve ocuk ve erkei katl ve yirmi be kadar erkei de bir semt-i mechle gtrmler ve kyn bir ksmn yakmlardr. 2. Tilkitepesinin iki kilometre cenbunda hartada ismi yazl olmayan (Cinis) kynde alt yz ksr zkr ve ins nfsdan on mstesn olmak zre mtebksi ihrk edilmek ve snglenmek ve hamile kadnlarn karnlar yarlarak karlan ocuklar kucaklarna verilmek sretiyle ena bir sretde katl ve ehd edilmilerdir. 3. Evreni kyn kmilen ihrk etmilerdir. 4. Alaca (43 A) kyn kmilen ihrk etmiler ve bu ky halkndan ocuk ve kadn olmak zre yz altm be b-reyi pek feci bir sretde katl etmilerdir. Birok erkei bir hneye doldurarak diri diri ihrk eylemilerdir. Bu cinyt ve fecyiin kurbn olan iki yz kadar cenze henz meydndadr. Bu cinyt ve fecyide maktln arasndan on be mecrh kadn lmemi olduklar halde bulunmudur. Resmleri aldrlmak zre emr verilmidir. Mezkr kyden Ermenilerin dest-i zlimnesinden kurtulmu birka sab ile civr kylere firra muvaffak olmu on be erkekden baka kimse kalmamdr. Ilcadan kab gelen bir Mslimnn ifdesine gre Ermeniler on be gn evvel mezkr karyede de katl-i mm yapmlardr. 3/3/34 -------------456 ----------

21/2/34 General Lyotnan Odielidze Cenblarna Zrdeki telgraf-nme-i muhlisin Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakumandan General Liyedinski Cenblarna arz ve ibln ric ve takdm-i tazimt eylerim. Sret General Hazretleri Rus Kafkas Ordusu Kumandan General Lyotnan Odielidze cenblarnn 2 ubat 918 trih ve 15206 numrolu telgraf-nmeleriyle tarafmca mbelli 1639 numrolu telgraf-nmelerle tarafma mbelli 1639 numrolu telgraf-nme-i devletlerini aldm arz ile kesb-i eref eylerim. Madde 1. Ermeni fecyii hakknda duyduklarmdan ancak menbiinin mevskyyetine itimd etdiklerimi mtevliyen arz ededurdum. Erzincan kasabasndaki mhedt- ztyem devletl Odielidze cenblarna telsizle verdiim 17/2/34 ve 1500 numrolu telgraf-nmemde mndericdir. General Odielidze cenblarnn marzt vkamdan zt- llerini haber-dr buyurmak zahmeti ihtiyr etdiklerini zannediyorum ve bu bbda ayrca zht itsn lzmsuz gryorum. Hl-i sulhun avdet etmedii ve binen aleyh Rus igl-i askeriyyesi altna gemi olan sha-i Osmnnin ahden kbeti tebeyyn eylemedii bir zamanda elimizdeki vesik-i resmiyye ile sbit olduu vech ile Osmnl Ermenilerinden ktat tekli ile li-ecl-il istihdm ilerilere sevk etmek ve zabt rabtdan ve nizm ve intizmdan tamamyla mahrm olan ibu Ermenilerin irtikb eyledikleri fecyi-i filen men edememek ve l-siyemm memlik-i mstevliyedeki Osmnl Mslimnlarnn himye ve tahlsi ve o havlde ve muhtell olan syi ve sknun tesisi ve idesi maksadyla yaplan ve Rus ktatyla muhsamay istilzm etmeyen ileri hareketimizin o civrda skin ahli-i slmiyyenin ahvlini fenladracan serd ve beyn buyurmakla Ermenilerin maddeten sbit olan bu hn-hrlklarn nevam mer gstermek husslarn her iki hkmetin istihsline savad sulh ve refh gayeleriyle kbil-i telf grmediimin zt- devletlerine ifhmn lzmlu add ederim. Ve binenaleyh Ermenilerin henz zr-i py- zulm ve itisflarnda bulunan mahallerdeki tebaa-i Osmniyye Mslimnlarna kar badem tatbk edecekleri imh ve ifn siysetinin fevt ve meni ibu kanatden iktibs edeceklerine de imle-i nazar etdiimi meskt brakmamak isterim. [Tevrih-i muhtelife ile imdiye kadar bast- bisat etdiim mtalatdan mstebn buyurulaca vech ile senelik bir harb mddeti zarfnda lem-i medeniyyetin hisse-i feyz ve ibret almasn cb etdirir bir tarz- insni-i meden ve merdn ile pr-eref olarak bizimle harb etmi olan Rus ordusuna kar hrmetle mzevvec olan takdrtmz muhfaza eder vakyii mteferriann bu takdr ve kanati izle edemeyeceini bir kerre 457

daha zikre yn grrz]. Ancak Rus ordusunun ekilmesiyle Ermenilerin seyf-i gadr ve zulmlerine terk edilen Mslimnlarn da gz gre gre heder ve fensna seyirci kalmak elden gelmediini zikr ve taahhd ve ben ve ordum sulh akd olunmad halde dahi Rus ordusunu dost add ve u kadar ki bu ordudan hli olub h ve enn altnda ezilen ve len tebaa-i Osmniyyenin tahlsini de cmle-i vezifden telkki eylerim. Htime-i kelm olarak sem- tlnza sl ederim ki maksd- hss ve hlis-i ciz-nemin cnib-i devletlerinden s-i tefehhme uradlmasyla tahassl edecek gayr- muntazar bir eklin trih ve insniyyet karsnda mesl ve mutebi bendeniz deilim. Bu sul ve ikb vakayi-i elmenin serzede-i zuhr olmasna ve devmna mani olunamayan ve olunamyaca anlalan tarafa id ve rcidir. Kafkas Cebhesi Umm Rus Kumandanln der-uhde buyurmanzdan hsn-i tefel ederek kiyset ve ferset-i msellhalaryla vicdn- umm de temerkz eden sulh ve refh rzlar maks netyicle sfiyyet ve kudsiyyetini zil eylemiyecei mdini besleyerek ihtirmt- ciznemin kabln ricya msberet eylerim.

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3 nc Ordu Kumandanlna Ermeni ekys Erzincan ve civrndaki irtikb eyledikleri mezlime ve yirminci asr- medeniyye ile kabil-i telf olmayan env-i hn-hrlklarna Akaleden Erzurum istikmetine tard olunduklar vakit daha enan yaparak Ekbertosun mezlimine rahmet okutmulardr. Merdiven kynde krk be Akalede on yedi Tilkitepesinin iki kilometre cenbunda hartada ismi yazl olmayan Cinis kynde alt yz ksr zkr ve ins nfsun on mstesn olmak zre mtebksi ihrk edilmek ve snglenmek ve hamile kadnlar karnlar yarlarak ocuklar kucaklarna verilmek sretiyle ehd edilmi olduunu arz eylerim. 2/2/34 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Mr-aly Kzm Karabekir

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nc Ord-y Hmyn Kumandanl ube 1 Aded Tahrrt 1509 Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine

Ordu Karargh 2/2/34

8/2/34 harekt 891 9/2/34 harekt 921

numrolu ifreli marzta lhikadr:

Ermenilerin Bayburdda irtikb eyledikleri efli ciniyye hakknda Bayburdu ilk igl eden On nc Kafkas Alay Kumandan tarafndan verilen rapor sreti bery- malmt merbten arz ve takdm klnd. nc Ordu Kumandan Ferk Vehb Mehmed

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Bayburd 21/2/34 1. Dn saat 4.30 sonrada Bayburda muvsalat olunmu ve bugn yaplan taharriyyt ve ahlden icr klnan tahkikt zerine Ermenilerin Bayburdda ahli-i slmiyyeye rev grdkleri bugn sryla hidi bulunduum efl-i vahiyyeyi ve irtikb etdikleri cinyeti ber-vech-i zr arz ederim. 2. Ermeniler Bayburdu terk etdikleri gn kasabann en muten konak ve maazalarndan drt yz kadarn ihrk etmilerdir. 3. Ermeniler 15/2/34 de un tevz edileceini bahne ittihz ederek fukar kasaba ahlsinden bir ksm kadn, erkek ve ocuklar evvelce mahbus-hne bulunan bir byk binya sokarak pek hn-hrne bir sretde ihrk etmiler ve ayn zamanda sokaklarda tesdf etdikleri ocuk, kadn, kz 464

ve erkekleri sng ve kurunla ehd etmek sretiyle env-i deneti irtikb etmilerdir. 4. Ermeniler bu mazlm ahlyi yakarken bunlarn ref etdikleri sad-y istimdd bir msiki namesi gibi karlamlar ve bununla da iktif etmeyerek ocaklardan bomba ve kapulardan piyde mermisi endaht sretiyle icr-y hynet ve cinyet etmilerdir. Bunlarn iinde pek ok kz ocuu da vardr. lem-i beeriyyet ve medeniyyetin imdiye kadar hidi olmad ve trihin kayd etmedii bir hl ile ihrk olunan ve katl edilen env-i ikencelerle imh edilen bu slm vcdlar 250yi mtecvizdir. 5. Bunlardan m-ad kasaba dhilinde 30 kadar kadn, erkek, ocuk vardr. Bunlarn mdvt- evveliyyesi alay etbbs tarafndan icr ve if olunmudur. 6. Piyade ve top mermisi ve bomba ile dolu bulunan Binba Han da Ermenilerin dest-i gaddrnelerinden kurtulamayarak ihrk edilmidir. Atee verilen baz mahaller de Ermenilerin firrnda ahl tarafndan itfsna allmdr. Bazlar eln yanmakda ve top mermileri infilk etmekdedir. 7. Ermeniler firr ederken iki makineli tfenk ile iki d cebel topunu da beraber gtrdkleri rivyet edilmekde olduu marzdur. 13 nc Kafkas Alay Kumandan Kaymakam Ahmed Rza Aslna mutbkdr.

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kinci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyyesi ube 1 Huss : 645 Umm : 2600 Kelkit 23/2/34 nc Ordu Kumandanlna Ermenilerin Bayburdda icr etdikleri mezlim hakknda Bayburdda 13 nc Alay Kumandanlndan mevrd mektb sreti rabten takdm edilmidir. Bu hussda muhtelif vakayi ve fecyiin fotograflerinin ahz ve mazbatalar tanzmi ve ahlden cinyt- vahiyneye hid olanlarn ifdelerine mrcaatla raporlar tertbi sretiyle vesik elde edilmesine allmas lzmunun frkaya emredilmi olduu marzdur. kinci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Mr-liv evk

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kinci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyyesi ube 1 Huss : 375 lcradan 2/2/34 nc Ordu-y Hmayn Kumandanlna Zta mahssdur

13/1/34 trih ve 89 numrolu ifre ile dman tarafna sevk edildii arz edilen Yzba brahim Efendi 28 ve 29/1/34 trihlerinde Vakfkebirin 3:4 kilometre cenb- arksindeki Dzlk karyesinden rapor yazmdr. Bunlardan birisi 27-28/5/33 trihinde csslukla dman tarafna sevk edilmi olan 5 nci Kafkas Frkas 13 nc Alay 4 nc Tabur htiyt Zbit Vekli evket Efendinin Ruslara teslm olduuna dirdir. Bu mektb vrdunda mevkii mumeleye konacakdr. Dier iki mektb muhteviyyt hulsaten ber-vech-i t arz olunur: 1. Polathne arknda denize munsabb olan Kala deresi arknda Ruslar Trk etelerine kar ara sra top ve makineli tfenk atei icr etmekdedirler. Yeros burunu cenb- garbsinde denize munsabb olan skefye deresi munsabbna ve ahlye 27/1/34 de bir Rus torpidosu krk mermi atm ve mezkr derenin daha garbndaki aksma makineli tfenk atei icr etmi ve bade Trabzona avdet etmilerdir. 2. Akaabd kazasnda ve mlhaktndaki Rumlar kmilen Trabzona ekilmilerdir. Trabzonda pek ziyde hastalk vardr. Trabzon ve civrndaki slmlar pek ziyde tehlikeye marzdurlar. Mlhaktdaki Rumlarn Trabzona toplanmalarna mukbil; kasabadaki Mslmanlar da da kylerine kamakdadrlar. 3. 28/1/34 de Grc, Ermeni ve Rumlardan mrekkeb iki bin kiilik bir ete Polathne kasabasn igl etmi ve o civrda adrlar kurmu ve Polathne Mslimnlarn vahiyne bir sretde katl-i mm etmidir. Mslimn kadnlarnn balarn kesmiler; yzlerini paralamlar ve erkeklerle kadnlarn paralanan cesedlerini ve z-y muhtelifelerini gayet galz ve en bir sretde tehr eylemilerdir.

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4. 28-29/1/34 gecesi Polathnenin on alt kilometre cenb- arksindeki Orus karyesi Ermeni ve Rum etelerinden mrekkeb bir kuvvet tarafndan baslm ve btn slmlar katl-i mm edilmidir.

kinci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Mr-liv evk

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Osmanl Ord-y Hmynu Bakumandanl Vekleti ube 3/2/34 Hrice teblgt - Mill Ajansla Kafkas Cebhesindeki Rus Ordular Bakumandanl ile mtreke akdinden sonra tarafeynin Brest-Litovskda cereyn eden mzkert- sulhiyye netcesine intizren mtreke-nme mevddna temmi-i riyeti mert olduu halde Rus-Kafkas Ordular ktatnn cebhemiz ilerisinden ve muayyen olan hatt- fsl terk ederek kararghlaryla beraber pey-der-pey geri ekilmee baladklar grlm ve bu ktatn berren ve bahren Rusya dhiline nakledilmekde bulunduu mehdt ve emrt- kaviyye ile tahakkuk eylemidir. Rus askir-i muntazamasnn u sretle memlik-i mstevliyeyi tahliyeye balamalarndan bi-l-istifde gerek yerli Ermeni ahl ve gerek Rus ordusunda iken ktalarn silhlaryla terk ederek memlik-i mezkre dhilinde kalan Ermeni unsuruna mensb efrdn dier Osmanl tebaasna ve bi-l-hssa bu miynda Mslimnlara tecvz ile icr-y mezlime baladklar tde tafslen derc edildii vechle gerek hl-i esretde iken firr ve ktatmza iltic eden efrdmz tarafndan, gerek yerli ahlden olub Ermenilerin kahr ve zulmnden kurtularak tarafmza gemee muvaffak olan tebaamz tarafndan ve gerek bulunduklar yerlerden kamaa muktedir ve muvaffak olamayarak hl Ermenilerin fec ve mdhi cinytna hedef olmakda bulunan kyller nmna heyet-i ihtiyriyyeleri tarafndan gnderilen istimdd heyetleri vstasyla istihsl olunan malmtdan keml-i vuzh ve katyetle anlalmdr. Keyfiyyet lyk olduu ehemmiyyet ile mteaddid defalar derhl Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakumandanlna ibl ve bu mezlime msade olunmamas ve tecvzt ve itisftn meni taleb olunmu ve buna cevben mezkr kumandanlndan alnan telgraf ve tahrrtlarda mevz-i bahs mezlimin derhl meni iin tedbir-i messire ittihz olunaca bildirilmi bulunmasna ramen slm ahl hakknda rev grlen kahr ve zulmn bil-akis gitdike tevess etmekde olduu ve bunun da Rus Ordusu Kumandanlnca edilen taahhdn fsna muktedir Rus kuvvetlerinin icr-y mezlim edilen mentkdan tamamen ekilmi olmasndan ileri geldii sbt bulmakdadr. Yalnz bize civr olan mentkda vukua gelen ve Rus Ordusu Kumandanlna da tebli olunan hdist- elmenin en mhimmlerinden bir kan ber-vech-i t telhs ederiz. Mukaddem Erzincanda Belediyye Ktbi olan Mehmed Efendiyi Ermeniler alarak gtrmler ve vlidesi ile zevcesini ve drt ocuunu paralamlardr.

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Glbahar olu Veysinin zevcesini cebren almak isteyen Ermeniler zevcini katl etmilerdir. 12 Knn- sn de Kelersen karyesini basan Ermeniler on be Mslimnn kollarn balamlar ve cmlesini kuruna dizmilerdir. 7 Knn- sn de Rus asker elbisesini hmil Ermeniler Karadeniz shilinde Fol kasabasndan elliyi mtecviz kadn ve erkei Trabzon cihetine srmler ve bunlardan bir ksmnn nalar bilhire Fol deresinde grlmdr. arlpazarnn cenbundaki Kzlaa kynde Mslimnlarn elleri, kollar balanm ve snglenmi olduu halde cesetleri grlmdr. Grele ve Erikli karyelerine civr kylerdeki ahli-i slmiyyeyi katle balamlar ve bu esnda kadnlara alenen icr-y enat eylemilerdir. Bir aydan beri kuvvetli Ermeni eteleri arlpazar, Akkilsa, Eynesil karyeleri ahli-i slmiyyesini katl ve emvl ve eylarn yama eylemilerdir. Elli kiilik bir Ermeni etesi Ardasay basarak kasabay yama ve ary ihrk eylemilerdir. Rus ordusu tarafndan Trabzon tarafnda Sarpu, Sadak, Kse, Ardas, Gmhne, kisu, Bayburd, Tercan ve Erzurumda ahlye terk edilen klliyyetli erzk Ermeniler tarafndan gasb edilmidir. Erzincann hricle olan muvsalasn kat eden Ermeniler ahlyi hneleri dernunda ihrka balamlar ve ahlden bir ksmn kilsa meydnnda toplayarak yakmlardr. Erzincandaki Yeni Cmii ve hkmet diresini bomba ile ykmlardr. Civr iki kyn cmlerini yakmlardr. Erzincana civr kur ahlsinden be yz kiiyi balayarak Erzincana gtrmler ve orada kuruna dizmilerdir. Dersim ahlsinden Mir Hseyin Aa ile sekiz yz nfs Mslimn, Ermenilerin ellerinden kurtularak Osmnl ordusuna iltic eylemilerdir. Ber-vech-i hulsaten tadd olunan mezlim ve fecy yalnz sem-i teessr ve ttlmza vsl olan vakayiden bir ksm olub bize civr olmayan ve feryd ve istimddlar henz Osmnl ordusuna kadar vsl olamayan bre ve masm ahlnin ve kadn ve ocuklarn ahvl-i messifeleri henz bizce taayyn edememidir. Buna yakn olan kararghn Erzurumun 28 km garbnda bir kyde tess eden bir kumandanmzn bu kyde hidi olduu Ermeni mezlimine dir verdii raporlarndan hulsadr. Ermeniler bu kyde ele geirdikleri 278 slm evlerine kapatarak cmlesini itlf etmiler. Ayrca krk iki slm yine hnelerinde pek ar mecrh bulunmudur. tlf edilenler arasnda rzlarna tecvz edildikten sonra ldrlerek cierleri duvarlara aslm gen kzlar, karnlar deilmi hamile kadnlar, beyinleri aktlm ve vcdlarna benzin dklerek ihrk edilmi ocuk ve erkekler bulunmudur.

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17/3/34 Matbt Mdriyyetine Ermeni mezlimine dir nc Ordu Kumandanlndan gelen telgraflarn hulssdr. Kime Bir sretinin Mill Ajansla hrice Bir sretinin mahall gazetelere Bir sretinin Hriciyye Nezreti ube-i Mahsssna verilmesini ric ederim. 1. Ermeniler (Hoan) ve (Kalk) ahli-i slmiyyesinden elli kadarn Gmgmde ehd etmiler ve yol yapdrmak bahnesiyle (Magalsor) dan gtrdkleri mikdr- mechl Mslimnlar da avdet etmemilerdir. Ermeniler Erzurumun imlinde Erkinis kynden kaarken altm kadar Mslimn ehd etmiler. Erzurum kasabasnda ve Karskapusu civrnda fec bir sretde katledilmi (250) kadar slm cenze bulunmudur. Hasankala ve civrndaki kylerde dahi fecane ktl yapld erkek, kadn ocuklarn kurun, balta ve hanerle katl edildii ve bir ksmn da beraberlerinde gtrdkleri kasabay igl eden svrilerimiz tarafndan grlmdr. Ermeniler (Hasankala) y kmilen ihrk etmiler ve kbil-i skn bir mahall brakmamlardr. Ermeni eteleri arkasndan Bayburd kasabasna giren emniyyet mfrezelerimiz pek cin bir manzara karsnda kalmlardr. etelerden korkarak hnelerinde bir aydan beri kapanb kalan ihtiyr, erkek, kadn ve ocuklar ksmen hneleriyle beraber yaklm, sokakda yakalananlar sngden geirilmi ve bu iki gn iinde sokaklardan ve yanan hnelerden iki yzden fazla cesed toplanb defn olunmudur. 2. Geenlerde konaklamak iin Rize kasabasna giren bir Grc mfrezesi, Ermenilerin bu kasabada yapdklar mezlim bakyyesine bi-z-zt hid olmular gerek bu vahetden teneffr etmeleri ve gerek slm ahlnin feryd ve fignlarndan mteessir olmalar hasebiyle kasabada konaklamakdan sarf- nazar ile ahlnin istimddna ramen kasabadan ekilmilerdir.

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Mill Ajansla Hrice Kafkas Cebhesinde; Rus ktatnn ekildii mntakalarda ortaya kan Ermeni etelerinin ahli-i Mslimeye kar rev grdkleri fecalarn gn gedike pek kanl bir sretde tevess etmekde olduu ber-vech-i t vesikden anlalmakdadr. 1. Ahren Rus Kafkas Ordu Kumandan General Odielitze telsiz telgrafla nc Ordu Kumandanmza ber-vech-i t aynen u malmt verdi: tdeki yn- teessf vukut zt- devletlerine keml-i teessrle arz etmei vazifeden add etdim. Gy Mslimnlarn ihtill karaca hakknda baz mfsidlerin itda bulunmalar zerine 15-16/1/918 de Erzincanda bulunan ktat- askeriyye tarafndan slm hnelerinde hd-be-hd taharriyyt icrsna kalklm ve bu esnda revolver ateiyle bir neferin yaralanmas, ehrin nukt- muhtelifesinde taharriyyta kar mukvemet izhr eden Mslimnlar aleyhine istiml-i silha sebebiyyet verilmi ve netcede tarafeynden birok maktl ve mecrh olmu ise de adedleri henz taayyn etmemidir. Zbitnn mdhalesiyle irka-i deme nihyet verilmi ve msdemenin tevessne mni olunmudur. nayak olanlarn ve Mslimnlar hakknda fesad-krne itda bulunanlar haklarnda kat tedbrler ittihz edildiini arz eylerim. 2. Generalin ibu telgrafndan evvel ngiliz veya Fransz cinsinden olub bu ay iinde Ermeni tekltn idre iin Erzincana geldii mevskan istihbr edilen Erkn- Harbiyye Mr-aly Morel Erzincan Mevki Kumandan imzsyla gnderdii mektbunda ise Krdlerin Erzincan-Erzurum yolu zerinde Rus asker kafilelerine ve yaknda Erzincana taarruz edeceklerine dir haber aldndan ve Erzincanda bir hneden atlan bir tabanca kurunuyla bu ahslarn yaralanmasndan dolay garnizon askerleriyle ahl arasnda 15/16-1-34 de vuk bulan msdemeden yz mtecviz slm katl edildiini ve ate edilen hnenin yakldn ve Erzurum Erzincan tarki zerinde ve tarafeynin de Krdlere yataklk eden Mslimn kylerin tahrbi iin emr verdiini beyn etmidir. Ayn vakaya dir ibu iki kumandann raporu arasnda vakann zuhru hakkndaki tefsrtda grlen tezda ve ber-vech-i t ayn malmt vermek zre Erzincandan mtreke hattmza kanl elbiseleriyle ve yaral, yank uryn vcdlaryla iltic eden ahlmizin ifdtna baklnca Mr-aly Morel hakkndaki istihbrtn doruluuna ve bu ztn Rus ordusundaki anariden bi-l-istifde mahz arz-i metrkede Ermeni tekltna germiyyet vermek ve bunlarn bu havlideki slm nfsunu krmak hussundaki emellerini amel ve cin bir sretde terv ve teshl etmek zre Erzincana gelmi olduuna hkm etmemek kabil deildir. Mr-alyn henz kendi ifdesinde kalan bir neferin yaralanmasyla btn ehri ihrk, erkek ve kadnlar hnelerinde, kollar bal, meydnlarda yakb kuruna dizdirmee msade etmek ve sonra bu icrat kfi grmeyib daha gerilerdeki slm kylerini tahrb etdirmek iin emr verdirmek trihin en byk sahfe-i mezlimine kayd edilecek vakayi-i vahetden madddur. General 490

Odielitzenin vakann sebeb-i zuhr ve cereynndaki kuydt Mr-aly Moreli tamamyla mahkm edecek bir veska-i resmiyyeyi hizdir. Fransz veya ngiliz Mr-aly (Morel) in garnizon askeri demek istedii askerlerin dorudan doruya Ermeni unsuruna mensb ve ete resi ak (Marat) n kumandasnda teekkl etmi ve Rus asker elbiselerini silh ve techztn tar bir alay kuvvetinde Ermeni efrd olduuna dir Osmnl Ordu Kumandanl nezdinde vesik-i muhtelife mevcddur. Kelkitde Rus murahhaslarnn hayatn temn edebilecek derecede elde ve civrda bir Rus ktas mevcd deil iken Erzincan Garnizon Kumandan Morelin garnizon ktatndan bahs etmesi ve Erzincann alt sat imlinde Kelkite bir kuvve-i askeriyye sevk edecek yere Erzincan Erzurum yolundaki kylerin tahrbine emr verdirmesi ve en ziyde yn- dikkat olarak bu vakann hudsundan yirmi gn sonra Kelkitde murahhaslarn hayatn muhfaza iin sevk etdiimiz mfrezenin muvsalatn mtekb bildirilmesi tamamyla isbt etmidir ki Mr-aly Morel sahte bir Rus formas altnda gizlenmi bir Ermeni ete resinden baka bir ey deildir. 3. Erzincandaki bu mezlimden firr ile iltic eden drt ahsn ifdelerinden hulsadr: Ermeni ete resi Marat gezdirdii devriyyelerle umm slmlarn kilsa meydnnda toplanmalarn emretdi. Esbbn anlamak iin mctemian mracaat eden muhtrlar ete resi Marat tarafndan tevkf ve idm edildiler. Bir tarafdan Ermeni devriyyeleri ahlyi evlerinden kararak posta posta telgrafhneye ve oradan da kasaba dhilindeki Vhid Beyin konana gtrdler. Geceleyin kona Ermeni eteleri atee verdiler. Yangndan kaanlar pencereden kendilerini atanlar kona abluka eden Ermenilerin atei ve sngleriyle katl edildiler. Ayn zamanda Ermeniler Kala Klasna ve byk konaa doldurduklar bine karb kadn ve ocuklar yakdlar. Bundan baka birok hneleri atelediler. Bir gn sonra iltic eden Hulsi Efendi nmnda marf bir Erzincanl hnelerinde kapal olarak yaklan kadnlarn ferydlarna bi-z-zt hid olduunu ve Bayburddaki ete resi Ermeni Arak, civr karyelerdeki ahlnin Bayburda toplanmalarn emr etmise de Erzincan vakasndan haber-dr olan ahl emre itat etmeyib kadn ve ocuklaryla karl dalara firr eylemilerdir.

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ifre mahll Numro 241 3 nc Ordu Kumandanlna

2 nci Ordu 3/2/34

1. Bu hafta Ordu cebhesinde bir hdise-i harbiyye olmamdr. 2. 27/1/34 de Erzincandan ark Dersime iltic eden evket Efendi tarafndan; Erzincandaki dmann kmilen Sarkam istikmetinde ekildii bildirilmekdedir. Erzincandaki Ruslar tarafndan tertb edilen bir mikdr erzk esliha ve ceb-hneden m-ad ar (?), drt cebel topu, yedi makineli tfenk ve bin Ermeni mevcddur. ehirde dim devriyye gezen Ermeniler her gn birka Mslimn ehr hricine kararak itlf ediyorlarm. Evvelce gnderilen muhbirlerimizden alnan malmata nazaran da Ermeniler Erzincan civrndaki slm kylerinde bulunan Ermeni kuvvetlerini ehr civrna celb ediyorlarm. Balaban deresi cenbunda Rus ve Ermeni kalmamdr. Yalnz Morpayrah (?) (35-K) ile civrnda ve ismi hartada mezkr olmayan iki mahallde ceman iki yz on (210) neferden ibret bir Ermeni mfrezesi mevcd imi. Knn- sn evstnda Kelera (53-K) karyesine baskn yapan Ermeniler on be (15) Mslimn kuruna dizmilerdir. 3. kinci Kolordu mntakasnda hava ak, Drdnc Kolordu mntakasnda karl, sisli ve son zamanlarda ak gitmidir. (stihbarat: 241) 2 nci Ordu Kumandan Nihd

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3 nc Ordu Kumandanlna 1. ki gn evvel Erzincandan kdn syleyen Onba Bozok 3/2/34 saat 7 sonra Otuz altnc Frka Kararghna gelmiler ve nm- devletlerine (ulhasa ve Gzeler) imm ve muhtr tarafndan mahz ak mektb getirmilerdir. Rus mezliminden bhis olan ibu mektb Kolordu Kararghna vuslyle takdm klnacakdr. 2. Erzincan imline sevk edilen etemizin zbiti Erzincanda bin be yz Ermeninin bulunduunu Otuz altnc Frka Kumandan 3/2/34de brapor bildirilmidir. Mufassal olduundan dolay svri-i mahssla Refahiyeye gnderilmekde olduu anlalmdr. imdiye kadar alnan haberler pek mtebyin ve mheyyc bulunduundan tensb-i devletlerine iktirn etdii takdrde vuk ihbr olunan mezlimi tahkk eylemek veslesiyle buradaki Rus mtreke komisyonu azsndan biriyle Erkn- Harb Yzba Talat Beyi Erzincana gndermek ve mm-ileyhin Erzincanda grecei Ermeni ser-kerdelerine nm-i resm olarak arzi-i mstevliyedeki ahl-i Mslime ile hsn-i mueretde bulunduklar ve Hkmet-i Osmniyyeye arz ve dehlet eyledikleri takdrde mazhar- afv ve sahbet olacaklarn sylemesini pek muvfk bulmakdaym. Tensb-i devletlerine iktirn etdii takdrde emr ve irna msade buyurulmasn arz ve istirhm eylerim. 4/2/34 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Kzm Karabekir

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nc Ordu Kumandanlna Erzincan ehrinde ve civrnda Mslimnlarn Ermeniler tarafndan katli devm ediyor. Erzincan ovasnn hafif Ermeni ktatndan tathr ve ehrin igli sretiyle oradaki ahl-i Mslimenin tahlsi hussunda Dersimlilerle kat bir hareket icrsn mmkin ve muvfk gryorum. Evvelki arz ve ir- aciz mcibince byle bir hareket iin mtreke mddetince ktat- nizmiyye terfkine imkn olmad takdrde emr-i vk yalnz Dersimliler ile vcda getirmek de kbildir. Bilhire ordunun henz ileri hareket edememesi yznden Erzurumdan mhimm Ermeni kuvvetleri Dersimlilerle mmkin olduu kadar arparak havlye hkim olmaa alrlar. Maa-m-fh byle bir halde bir muvaffakiyetsizlik ihtimline kar ahlnin tekrr Ermeni ellerine db mahv olmamalar iin Erzincann igli mtekb oradaki ahl kendi arzmize nakl edilmek sretiyle kurtarlabilir. Hareket iin Drdnc Kolordu ark ve Garb Dersim milislerinden bunlarn arasnda tebdl-i kyfet etdirmek askerden cb etdii kadar istihdm ve lzmu kadar zbit terfk olunabilir. Bu bbdaki reyi devletlerinin irn ric ederim. Harekt 92 4/2/34 2 nci Ordu Kumandan Nihd

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Vesik-i Harbiyye Dosyas Numro ifre halli Numro : 268/2 Sret

1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Karargh 6/2/334 Vrdu 7/2/34 sat 1.35 evvel

nc Ordu Kumandanlna 6/2/34, saat 8.30 sonra, 36 nc Frka Kumandanlna gelen ve mezkr kumandanlkdan saat 11.30 sonra da, telefonla bildirilen Seyyid Ali Aa Zde Emir Hseyin ve rfeks tarafndan imzlanm bir mektb mnderictna nazaran Krdlerle Ermeniler arasnda 3/2/34 de Peteri civrndaki Vhid Bey Han yaknnda vukua gelen msdemede, Krdlerin Ermenilerden iki mitralyz ve drt esb aldklar ve bunlar ark Dersim Kumandan Hasan Beye teslm etdikleri ve Erzincanda erkek ve ocuk ne varsa katl olunduunu ve ehr ahlsinin imdi biterek, kur ahlsinin topa tutulduu ve u bir iki gn zarfnda kuvvet yetimezse kimse kalmayacann bildirildii marzdur. 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan nmna Erkn- Harbiyye Resi Vekli Avn

---------Vesik-i Harbiyye Dosyas Numro

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---------Giresun 6-2-34

Sret nc Ord-y Hmyn Kumandanl Huzr- Smlerine Numro 37 5/2/34 trih cevbyyedir. ve 376 numrolu irde-i kumandnlerine arza-i

1. Kelkit istikmetinde hareket edenlerden buraya gelen Todor olu Penayot ve Haralambo olu Penayotla Trabzonda kalan refkleri stanyos olu Kirbakonun Alucraya muvsalatlarnda Kolordu Karargh Kumandan Sleyman Efendi tarafndan otuz alt saat tevkf edildiklerini ve mumele-i 504

eddeye marz kaldklarn ve 21/1/34de ileri hatt geerek yevm-i mezkr akam Kelkite geldiklerini ve burada frnc ve anbar muhfzlarndan gayr kimseyi gremediklerini ve Kelkitde kalan efrdn mikdr- ummsi 200-300 neferden ibret olduunu yollar zerinde hibir hareket bulunmadn syleyib 5/2/34 trih ve 35 numrolu sreti mtekaddim ifreli marzt anlatdlar. Bidyet-i harektda Ruslarn 18 nci Alay ve 23 nc Alay Kelkite girdiini; 8 nci Alay ve 16 nc Alay geride ihtiytda bulunduunu ve mezkr alaylarn mensb olduu kinci Kolordu mevcdunun 64.000 nefer ve 4.500 atl Kazaklardan ibret bulunduunu, her alayda sekiz top mevcd olduunu ve Boleviklerin kymnda alaylarda bulunan on sekiz mitralyzn yirmi drde ibl edileceini iitmilerdir. Kym- vk yznden gedikleri mevk-i mstevliyenin bi-z-zt anari iinde olduunu grmler, askerlerde itat mefkd inzibat klliyyen haleldr olduunu zbitn ve efrd arasnda kyfet ve salhiyyete bir fark kalmadn, hibir zbitin apolet tayamadn, efrdn eslihsn, hayvnatn satmakda olduklarn ve hatta top satldnn mesmlar olduunu, Bolevikler tede beride havaya tfenk top atdklarn her bir eyin rndan kdn ve gedikleri mevk-i mstevliyede Rus askerinin katyyen kalmadn ve yalnz Ermenilerin bir mikdr gnde iki yz yz nefer kadar Erzincan istikmetine gitdiklerini ve Trabzona gelen Rus ktatndan Ermeniler tefrk ve ide edilmekde olduunu ifde etmiler. Kelkitde bulunduklar zaman Osmnl cihetinden memlik-i mstevliyeye cssun ki kendileridir gediini bunlarn Gmhne, Ardasada der-destleri iin haber verildiini iitmilerdir. Ermenilerin slmlara mezlimi pek okdur. Artvinli bir Ermeni komitecisinden bi-z-zt Trkleri mahv etmek emelinde bulunduklarn iitmidir. Gmhne civrnda Teke karyesinde iki slmla bir Rumun Tandrlda yirmi il yirmi be slm arabalar ierisinde iken kesdiklerini, Daltabanda mevcd braklan birka martininin de slmlar tarafndan alnmas zerine burada bulunan Ermeni ve Grcler tarafndan Daltaban yaknnda Ranha Muhtr ikenceye marz kalarak yz ve ba cerha-dr edildii, Ermenilerin kzn aldklarn bi-z-zt grmler ve Ermeniler bilhire kzn rzna gemilerdir. Ertesi gn on be kadar Ermeni gelib muhtrn kzn tekrr alarak rzna gediler. Ermenilerin yegne emeli slmlar mahvetmekdir. slmlardan rzna geilmemi kadn-kz kalmam gibidir. Boleviklerin taarruzu vki oluyorsa da bunun mnferden yama ve elence maksadyla yapldn slm ve Rumlarn Ord-y Hmynun gelmesini beklediklerini zh etdiler. Kelkitden hareketlerinden sonra Gmhneye 25/1/34de muvsalatlarnda ktat grmemilerdir. El-yevm ora metropolid vekli bunlarn asker firrsi olduklarn bilerek Giresun Metropolidinin birderi ve vekli kendilerine- muvenetde bulunmu yerli asker firrsi nmyla veska vermi ve Ardasada Ermeni ve Grcler tarafndan yakalanmalar ihtimline mebn o yoldan gitmemelerini syleyerek Trabzona gitmelerini teshl etmi ve veska Trabzonda kalan arkadalar nezdinde braklmdr. Gmhne 505

ve Ardasada asker bulunmad ve mevcd olanlarn Kelkitdekiler kuvvetinde olduunu sylediler. Burada bulunmu olan Beinci Kolordu ile 6, 7, 9 ve 17 nci Alaylar ile 18 bin yaya Kazakla bin atl Kazan bulunduu ve alaylarn umm mevcdunun altm drt bin olduunu sylediler. Ktat- mezkre Gmhne ve Ardasa mevkiinden kym zamanndan itibren geri gitdiini sylediler. Trabzondan Cevizlike kadar olan ksmda dekovil ilemekde ve Ruslar bu hatt zerinden ar yklerini geriye tamakdadr. Merkmn Trabzona muvsalatlarnda Greleye gnderilen Leonida ve arkadalaryla tandlar. Burada iken tanlr mdiyle kimse ile temasda bulunmamlarsa da evvelce Giresunda ve Orduda bulunmu olan Bayburdlu Pavlaki Batnidiyle grmler ve kendisini meys grmlerdir. Trabzonda anlar tanyanlara firr etdiklerinden ve bizim tarafdaki Rumlardan tehcr edilenlerin mahallne ide edilmekde olduklarndan ve Giresun Rumlarnn eski hnelerine ide olunduklarndan ve kendilerinin geride bulunduklarndan asker ahvlinden haberleri olmadndan bahsetmilerdir. Buraya avdetlerinde elde mevcd kayn kk olmasndan ve bunlarn bir anda avdet etmemeleri hakkndaki emr zerine vaziyyet hakknda daha fazla malmt almak zere arkadalar stanyos olu Kiryakoyu brakarak Trabzondan gn zarfnda gelebilmilerdir. Bunun bilhire gelecek olanlarla ve belki bir haftaya kadar geleceini sylediler. Trabzonda bulunduklarna dir teslm etdikleri Farosdis Anatolis gazetesinde iki adedi leffen arz ve takdm klnd. 2. Greleye gidenlerin kaykla Greleye muvsalatlarnda Grelede Rus komite TK yanna celb edildiler. Leonida ve arkadalar iki gn bir gece dire-i askeriyyede taht- nezretde bulundurulmu ve kasabaya braklmamd. Bu zamanda Rum milletinden bir Rus neferiyle tanarak 5/2/34 trih ve 36 numrolu sreti melff marzatda Greleye id malmt almakla beraber ceryn- hali grmlerdir. Leonida ve arkadalar Grelede iken grdkleri zbit ve neferi birbirinden tefrk edemediini ve hepsinin kyfeti bir olduunu, zbitnn apoleti bulunmadn sylediler. Rus askerinin bulunduu mevkide ahl arasnda inzibt mnhl bir hl vk olursa kasabann bombardman edilecei ahlye iln edilmi Grele ve civr kylerinde Rus hayvantyla kasabada birok erzk braklmdr. Leonida ve arkadalar Trabzonda akrabalar yanna gideceklerini syleyerek Trabzona hareket eden bir motorun arkasna kayklarn balatarak gitmee muvaffak oldular. Yolda iken Greleye gelmekde olan nakliyye vapuruna tesdflerinde motor gemicileri tarafndan Grelede bir ey kalmad demeleri zerine geminin Trabzona avdetini grmlerdir. Leonida Tiflisde teekkl eden hkmetin on nzr Grc Kekecgore riysetinde bulunduunu hkmetin temn-i idresi iin ngiliz bankasndan para verildiini ve Leonidann malmt- marzas Giresunlu Ermeni komitecisi tarafndan verildiini ve Erzincan tarafna giden Ermeniler hakknda malmt almas kabil olamadn sylyor. Ancak umm cebhede altm bin kadar Ermeni askeri bulunduunu ve bunun bilhire 19-45 yana kadar olanlar silh altna alnacandan yz elli bine ibl edileceini iitmidir. 506

Cevizlikde Grclerin yz kadar neferi vardr. Burada mevcd olan yirmi otuz Ermeninin de yaknda Erzincan tarafna gideceklerini ve Grclerin Cevizlikde ok mikdrda erzk yakdklarn Hamsi kynde Grclerle Ermeniler bir tepeye top vaz etdiklerini, top adedi malm olmadn syledi. Leonida bizim yz guruluk banknotu on alt buuk Manata bozdurmudur. Harbden alt ay sonra verilecek banknotumuz da yirmi drt il yirmi be Manata bozduruluyormu. Bir Osmanl altn iki ay evvel yz otuz il yz elli Manata satlmdr. Bunlar alanlar bi-l-hssa Acemlerdir. imdiki piyasada yetmi il yetmi be Manatdr. Trabzonda liman yaplm ve yaptrlan iki gemi vstasyla kk merkibin snmasn temn edecek bir koy yaplmdr. slmlarn Trabzondaki teklt hakknda malmt olamamdr. Trabzondan ald alt aded gazete ile Ruslarn kym hakknda Rusca bir rislenin leffen takdm klnd marzdur. Aslna mutbkdr. Drdnc Mntaka Mfettii Ali Rza

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Vesik-i Harbiyye Dosyas Numro ifre 834 Sret Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine Drdnc Kolordu Kumandanlna

Ordu Karargh 6/2/34

1- Erzincandan 6/2/34te Kemaha gelen Dersim ressndan birisi Erzincanda yz svri olmak zere bini mtecviz Ermeni efrd grm ve svri klasnda Ruslardan zabt edilmi drt bin silh ve o kadar sandk ceb-hne bulunduu, Ermenilerin fazla mikdrda erzk olduunu iitmidir. Merkm sene-i sbkada Erzincan civrnda pek ok zeriyyt yaplm olduunu ifde etmidir. 2- Otuz yedinci Kafkas Frkas cebhesi ilerisinden 31/1/34 trihiyle ber-vech-i zr malmt veriliyor: Polathnede toplanan Ermeni ve Rum ve Grc etelerine Ruslarn silh verdikleri ve para ile top ve makineli tfenk satdklar, bu top ve makinelilerin slm etelerine kar Polathne civrna tayn edildii Ardasa, Trabzon osesinden Trabzona doru nakliyyt devm etmekde ve Ziganadaki erzkn Rumlara satlmakda olduu ve Ermeni, Grc ve Rum etelerinin Rus elbisesi giydikleri iidilmidir. 6/1/34 - Harekt 834 nc Ordu Kumandan Ferk Vehb Mehmed Aslna mutbkdr.

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Vesik-i Harbiyye Dosyas Numro Sret 4 nc Kolordu Kumandanlna ifre 5/2/34 trihli ifreye zeyldir:

Ordu Karargh 7/2/34

1- Ermeniler Erzincan kasabasnda katl-i mm yapdkdan sonra imdide civr kury imh ediyorlar. 2- Bu cnlerin elinden tebaa-i mazlmemizin bakyyesini tahls etmek ve asyi-i memleketi tekrr tess eylemek zre nc Ord-y Hmaynun Birinci ve kinci Kafkas Kolordular ileri ktatyla bidyet-i emirde Erzincan-Kse-Ardasa-Grele hattn igl eylemek zre 11/2/34 de hareket edeceklerdir. 3- Birinci Kafkas Kolordusu ktatnn Erzincan kasabasn bery- igl taarruzu 13/2/34 sabah balayacakdr. Binen-aleyh Garb Dersim ktatndan Dersim ve Elaziz Jandarma Taburlarndan m-adsnn mevsimin mkiltn iftihm ederek 12/2/34 trihinden itibren Sultanseydi zerinden ayn zamanda imle sarkmas pek fideli olacakdr. Birinci Kolordu ktatnn Erzincan igli esnsnda ve iglinden sonra mezkr Garb Dersim ktat sevk ve idre nokta-i nazarndan bu kolordu emrine girecekdir. ark Dersim ktat evvelce kararladrld vechle Sansa ve Cebice Boazlarn kuvvetli olarak igl etmek zere takviye olunacakdr. 7/2/34 trih Harekt 870. nc Ordu Kumandan Ferk Vehb Mehmed Aslna mutbkdr.

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nc Ord-y Hmyn Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyye ube 1 Aded Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine

Ordu Karargh

ifre Zta mahssdur 1- Ermeni mezliminden firren Tilek kyne [53 L] iltic eden drt hs Erzincan hakknda ber-vech-i t malmt vermilerdir. 31/1/34 de (Erzincan) da bulunan Ermeni ser-kerdelerinden Sivasl Maradn emriyle ehr dhilinde gezdirilen devriyyeler umm Mslmanlara kilsa meydnnda toplanmasn iln etdiler. Esbbn anlamak iin mctemian mrcaat eden muhtrlar ete resi Marad derhl tevkf ve idm etdirdi. Mtekiben Ermeni devriyyeleri ahlyi evlerinden kararak posta posta telgrafhneye ve oradan kasaba dhilindeki Vhid Beyin konana gtrdler. Gece alaturka sekize doru Vhid Bey konanda bin be yze yakn Mslimn toplanmd. Ermeniler konan her tarafna ate verdiler. Yanmamak iin kendilerini pencereden atmak isteyenler kona abluka etmi bulunan Ermenilerin kurun ve sngsyle ldrld. Bu kyller ayn zamanda da Ermenilerin Erzincan dhilinde Kala Klasna ve byk konaa kadn ocuk doldurarak yakdklarn ve bine yakn hne tahrb ve ihrk etmi bulunduklarn ifde etmekdedirler. 2- Ayn gece zarfnda firr ve iltic eden Hulsi nmnda dier birisi ise Ermenilerin Erzincanda bulunan erf ve muhtrn toplayarak yakdklarn ve kaplar krarak evlere taarruz ve tesdf etdikleri Mslimnlar hnelere doldurarak ihrk etdiklerini ve drt hnenin bir sret-i fecada yandna bi-z-zt hid olduunu ve Erzincanda bulunan bin kadar Ermeninin Mslimnlar tammen imhya baladklarn ifde etmidir. 3- Bayburdda bulunan Ermeni ser-kerdelerinden Arak civr Mslimn kylerine 7/2/34 de Bayburdda toplanmalar hakknda haber gndermi bundan tevahhu eden ve Pulur Dalar cenbundaki Hayk karyesi imm ve muhtr firren Kelkite mtreke komisyonu nezdine gelerek keyfiyyeti ihbr ve silh taleb etmilerdir. Buna nazaran Ermenilerin o havlde pek byk mezlim k ve katl-i mm icr eyledikleri anlalmakda ise de sret-i icr henz renilememi olduu marzdur. 8/2/34 - Harekt 891 nc Ordu Kumandan Ferk Vehb Mehmed

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Vesik-i Harbiyye Dosyas Numro Sret

4 nc Kolordu Kararghndan 9/2/34

3 nc Ordu Kumandanlna ifre halli 1- Ermeniler 3-4 ubat gecesi Cimin cenbundaki Vhid Beyin hanna takrben drt yz nefer piyde iki ser ateli top ve iki makineli tfenk getirerek drt ubat sabah Cimin ve Peterideki Bakonun milislerine ve ahl-i mahalliyyeye taarruz etmiler ve Cimindeki cmiyi top ateiyle tahrb etmilerdir. Etrfda dank bulunan Bakonun dier milislerinin yetimesiyle akama kadar devm eden msdeme netcesinde Ermeniler Vhid Bey hanna kadar tard edilmilerdir. 2- Ermenilerden iki makineli tfenk, on iki tfenk, (?) at, sekiz sandk ceb-hne itinm edilmidir. 3- Dmandan iki zbit, otuz sekiz nefer maktl ve yirmi nefer mecrh, milislerimizden drt ehd, bir mecrh vardr. 4- Maktl zbitnn klnlaryla, apoletler ve makineli tfenkler kolordu kararghna der-dest-i celbdir. 5- Bery- takdm nc Ordu ve bery- malmt Birinci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandanlklarna. Numro 1436 ube 1 Aslna mutbkdr. 4 nc Kolordu Kumandan Ali hsan

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nc Ord-y Hmyn Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyye ube 1 Numro

Ordu Kararghndan

Beinci Ordu Kumandanlna Drdnc Ordu Kumandanlna Altnc Ordu Kumandanlna Yedinci Ordu Kumandanlna kinci Ordu Kumandanlna ifre Zta mahssdur Arz-i mstevliyenin istirddnda Ermenilerin ahli-i Mslimeye kar rev grdkleri mumelt trihin emslini lnetle yd etdii fecyi ve cinytla ml--mldir. Bundan bir nebze bahs etmei fideden hl grdm. 1- Erzincann arknda (Zegen) karyesinde Trk etelerinin tahassun etdii bahnesiyle karye kmilen ihrk ve sekene-i Mslimesi mahv ve ifn edildi. 2- Ermeniler 15-16/1/34 de Erzincanda silh taharrsi bahnesiyle bir katl-i mm tertb ve bin be yze karb ocuk, kadn ve erkei katl ve ifn etdiler ve yollarda aldrlaca iln edilerek topladklar alt yz elli Mslimn kasaba hricinde ayn kbete giriftr eylediler. Erzincan kasabasnn istirddn mtekib Erzincana girdim. ardakl Boazndan Erzincana kadar olan btn kyler hatta bir kulbe bile salam kalmamak zre tahrb edilmi grdm. Kasaba dhilinde tede beride ldrlb de henz defn edilmemi birok cenze toplatdrld. ehd edilen bu b-gnah ve masm halk arasnda memeden kesilmemi ocuklar doksan yan ikml etmi ihtiyrlar paralanm kadnlar vard. 3- Pirahmed, Gmhne, Ardasa ve Polathne birer sahne-i katl-i mm hlini olmu idi. 4- Tandrlk (54...) da yirmi be Mslimn bir sret-i feca ve gaddarnede Ermeniler tarafndan itlf edildi. 5- Ermeniler Bayburdu terk etdikleri gn kasabann en muten konak ve maazalarndan drt yz kadarn ihrk etmilerdir. 15/2/34de Bayburdda un tevz edilecei bahnesiyle kasaba ahlsinden bir ksm kadn, erkek ve ocuklar evvelce mahbushne ittihz olunan mahalle sokarak pek hn-hrne bir sretde ihrk etmiler ve sokaklarda tesdf etdikleri ocuk, kadn, kz ve erkekleri sng ve kurunla ehd etmilerdir. Bu sretle imh edilenlerin mikdr sekiz yz mtecvizdir. 523

6- Ermeniler Mamahtundan firr ederken nefs-i kasabada yz ve civr kurdan celb ve cem eyledikleri iki yz ki ceman yz Mslimn sng ve kurunla ehd etmilerdir. 7- Madenhanlarnda sekiz ve Akalede otuz be Mslimn cenzesi bulundu. 8- Ermeniler Tazegl karyesi ahlsinden otuz kadar kadn, ocuk ve erkei katl ve yirmi be kadar erkei de berberlerinde gtrmlerdir ki bunlarn da ayn kbete dr olduklar bhesizdir. 9- Tilkitepenin iki kilometre cenbunda hartada ismi yazl olmayan (Cinis) kynde alt yz ksr zkr ve ins nfsdan on mstesn olmak zre mtebkisi ihrk edilmek ve snglenmek ve hmile kadnlarn karnlar yarlarak karlan ocuklar kucaklarna verilmek sretiyle ehd edilmilerdir. 10- Ermeniler Alaca kyn (43 A) kmilen ihrk etdiler ve odalara doldurarak itlfna teebbs etdikleri ahl-i slmiyyeden iki yz yetmi sekizi ehden ifn etdiler. Burada ekserisi ar olmak zre krk sekiz mecrh emvt kmesi arasndan ihrc edildi. ki yz yetmi sekiz ehd kmesi ierisinde rzlarna tecvzden sonra ldrlerek cierleri duvarlara aslm gen kzlar karnlar deilmi hamile kadnlar beyinleri akdlm veya vcdlarna benzin dklerek ihrk edilmi ocuk ve erkekler mevcddur. Cmlesinin ruhuna fatiha! 12/2/34 - Harekt nc Ordu Kumandan Ferk Vehb Mehmed ifre edildi 13 minh mz

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Ordu Kararghndan 12/2/34 Refhiyede Muhtelit Mtreke Komisyonu Azsndan Erkn- Harbiyye Yzbalarndan Talat Beye Espiyede Muhtelit Mtreke Komisyonu Azsndan Yzba Receb Beye Sreti tde mnderc mevddn Rus azlarna tebli mtemenndr! Arz-i mstevliyedeki Rus ktat- askeriyyesinin Rusya dhiline ekilmesinden dolay buradaki tebaa-i ahlmiz maa-l-esef Ermenilerin dest-i mezlimine terk edilmi oldu. (Erzincan), (Ardasa), (Gmhne), (Vakfkebir), (Polathne) birer sahne-i katl-i mm hlini ald. Hsseten Erzincanda ve Bayburdda bulunan Ermeni ser-kerdelerinden Marad ile Arak bu son gnlerde binlerce ehl-i slm evlere doldurarak yakdlar. Ateden kurtulmak iin kamak isteyenleri snglediler. Kadn ve ocuklar bir sret-i fecne ve gaddarnede ldrdler. Bu fecyii muhtelif trihlerde Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakumandan Piyde Generali Perjevalski ve Rus Kafkas Ordusu Kumandan General Lyotnan Odielidze cenblarna bildirdim ve bu vakyi-i fecann nne geilmesini mkerreren ric etdim Rus kumanda heyat- liyesinin huls-i tmmn btn kalbimle muterif olmakla berber maa-t-teessf yed-i ihtiyrlarnda bulunmayan esbbdan n ibu ktl ve fecyiin halen ber-taraf edilemedii yekdierini tezyden takb eden ve etmekde bulunan vakyi ve hdist ile sbit oldu. Binen aleyh dr- zulm ve itisf olagelmekde olan tebaa-i Osmniyyenin bak kalanlarndan olsun mal, can ve rzlarnn muhfaza ve Rus ktat tarafndan tahliye edilen mntakalarda asayii tess ve ide iin kumandam altnda bulunan iki ordudan baz ktat ileri srmek zarretinde kaldm ve bunu Rus Kafkas Ordular Bakumandan General Perjevalskiye ve Rus Kafkas Ordusu Kumandan General Odielidzeye tahrren ve telsiz telgrafla bildirdim. Binen aleyh bu harektn gayesi Ermeni etelerinin tenkli ve mentk- mezkrede mtemekkin ahl-i mazlmenin temn-i emniyyeti olub Rus ordusuna ve hkmetine kar hissiyyt- dostne ve mslahnemizin l-mtezelzil bulunduuna ve Rus ktatna kar katiyyen sr- hasmne gdlmeyib ve her nerelerde Rus askerlerine tesdf olunursa meveddet ve muhlesetle mumele f edilmesi hususu da bir sret-i meddede ktat kumandanlarna emir etdim. Binbern Erzincan mtreke-nmesinin Rus ktatnn ekilmi olmasndan dolay meriyyet-i ahkmn gib eden yalnz hatt- fsla aid mevdndan gayri bi-l-umm mevddnn kem-kn bk ve cr olduunu zt- lilerine de ir ile kesb-i eref eylerim. 12/2/34 Harekt 980 Kafkas Cebhesi Osmanl Ordular Kumandan Ferk Vehb Mehmed -------------529 ----------

nc Ordu-y Hmyn Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyye ube 1 Aded ifre

Ordu Kararghndan

Drdnc Ordu Erkn- Harbiyye Riysetine C. 10/2/34 istihbrt

Menbi-i muhtelifeden alnan malmta nazaran arz-i mstevliyede ehl-i slmn Ermeniler tarafndan dar olduklar mezlimin hulsas bervech-i tdir.

1. Ermeniler Erzincanda silh taharrsi bahanesiyle iki yz mtecviz slm katl etmilerdir. 2. Ermeniler (Erzincan)da bin be yz kadar Mslimn kasaba dhilindeki Vahid Beyin konana doldurarak konaa her tarafdan ate vermiler kendisini kurtarmak iin pencereden atlayanlar hneyi muhsara eden Ermeniler tarafndan sng ve kurunla ldrlmlerdir. 3. Ermeniler Erzincan kasabas dhilindeki Kala Klasna yzlerce ocuk ve kadn doldurarak yakmlardr. 4. Yollarda aldrlaca bahnesiyle alt yz elli Mslimn gtrmler ve ayn kbete dr edilmilerdir. 5. Arz-i mstevliyede namusuna taarruz edilmedik slm kadn ve kzna az tesdf edilir. 6. Polathne, Vakfkebir, Bayburd birer sahne-i katl-i mm olmudur. 7. Erzincan fecyi ve cinytn tertb eden Ermeni ser-kerdelerinden Sivasl Maraddr. Arak nmndaki dier ser-kerde de Bayburdda Marada nazre yapmakdadr. 8. Vakyii slife Rus Kafkas Ordusu Kumandanlna mtevliyen bildirilmi ve bir semere-i filiyesi grlmemidir. 9. stitrd kabilinden unu da arz edeyim ki harekt- marzada velev ki Ermeni milletine mensb olub oluk ocuk ve kadn ihtiyrlara kar 530

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Vesik-i Harbiyye Dosyas Numro Sret Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine ifre Zta mahssdur Ermenilerin ahl-i slmiyyeye tatbk eylemekde olduklar mezlim hakknda mutemed muhbirlerin ahren bildirdikleri malumt ber vech-i zr marzdur. 1- Memlik-i mstevliyede kalb da rz py-ml edilmedik slm kadnyla slm kzna az tesdf olunur. 2- (Gmhne) arknda (Teke) karyesinde iki Mslimn sret-i fecnede paralanmdr. 3- (Tandrlk) (54 S) de yirmi be Mslimn arabalar iinde kesilmidir. 4- (Gmhne) nin iml-i garbsinde (Zanca) (57 S) karyesinin muhtrn ikence etdikden sonra kznn rzna taarruz edildii gibi ertesi gn mezkr karyeye gelen on be Ermeni yine merkm muhtrn kznn rzna tasallut etmilerdir. Bu malmt veren muhbir Rumdur. 12/2/34 Harekt 1049 Aslna mutabkdr nc Ordu Kumandan Ferk Vehb Mehmed

534

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Alucra 13/2/34 ube 1 Ksm 3 Numro 537 Telefon Gayet mahrem nc Ordu Kumandanlna 1- numrolu eteden alnan 9-2-34 trihli rapordan mstahrec malmt- hulsas a- numrolu etenin mevcdu msellh yz krk dokuz kiiye bli olmudur. b- ete 8/9-2-34 Gmhneyi igl etmi ve Bayburd ve Trabzon, Gmhneye gelen yollar kesmidir. c- Gmhne, Trabzon caddesini kesmee memr olan kuvvet Kprba Hanlar ile Zigana Hanlar arasnda Trabzona gemek isteyen 10, 15 kiilik bir Ermeni etesine tesdf ve bil-msdeme beini itlf etmidir. Mtebk be on Ermeni de firar etmilerdir. ete mikdr henz anlalamayan biraz eya ve hayvan itinm etmidir. 2- Onuncu Kafkas Alayna iltic eden Dastanl bir Mslimn ile esretden firr eden bir mltecimizin frkadan mevrd ifdesi a- ki ay evvel Erzurumda iki yz neferle makineli tfenkden mrekkeb bir Ermeni etesi varm b- Bayburdda on be gn evvel Arak kumandasnda ksm- azm pek gen ve yz atl olmak zere bin kadar Ermeni varm. Bu Ermenilerin ksm- azm Kafkasyadan gelmilerdir. Bazlarnn aileleri berberdir. Bayburdda hastalk yokdur. Bayburd erzk anbarn Ruslar Ermenilere terk etmilerdir c- Mlteciler Bayburdda be, on Rus neferiyle Ruslar tarafndan vesitsiz olarak terk edilmi yedi, sekiz kadar topu gtrmlerdir. d- Takriben krk be gn evvel Bayburdun ark mahallesinde Sleyman Aa nmndaki Mslimnn hnesine bir Ermeni mfrezesi girmi, Sleymann kzna tecvzde bulunmak istemiler. Sleyman mmnaat etmi bunun zerine Ermeniler Sleymann ban birka yerden bak ile yaralamlar ve sonra hricden yetien Mslimn Sleyman Aay kurtarmlardr. e- Pulur dalar yazsnn cenbunda Hayk kynde Akolu Ahmed, Hasan, Hseyin nmndaki ahs erzk almaa gidib avdet ederken yolda Ermeniler tarafndan katledilmidir. Vakann gn anlalamamdr. 537

3- Bir ve iki numrolu etelerden alnan malmt hulsas: 7-2-34 trihli bir raporda Cevizlikin be kilometre cenb- garbsinde (spele) karyesinde bir dman etesinin slmlara hcm etdii ve fakat bir muvaffakiyet kazanamad yalnz bir slmn ehd olduu bildirilmidir. (vakann trihi zikredilmemidir). 13-2-34 Harektdan 537 2 nci Kafkas Frkas tercemnndan smi alnmdr. 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Mr-liv evk

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13/2/34 nc Ordu Kumandanlna 1. Ermeni ekysn ehrin garb mahrecinde mukvemetlerine ramen 108 nci Alay 2 nci Tabur 5:30 sonra raddelerinde hcmla Erzincana girmidir. ehr dhilinde haff msdeme devm ediyor. 2. Bugnk vukut u sretle cereyn etmidir: a. 36 nc Frkadan yz nefer kuvvetinde mntahab efrd ortalk almadan evvel Krdbrastikinde bulunan Ermeni etesini basdrarak ikisi itlf olunmu dierleri kamlardr. Bu aralk Ermeniler civr kyler ahlsinden Krdbrastikde habs etdikleri on kiiyi ehd etmilerdir. Efradmzdan iki haff mecrh vardr. b. Bunu mtekib 36 nc Frka Hareket Mfrezesi ksm- kllsi Erzincan Ovasna hkim srtlar igl etmilerdir. c. Yalnzbada ayn zamanda Dokuzuncu Frkadan takarrb eden ktatmzla 15 atl Ermeni arasnda msdeme olmu bunlardan birisi itlf edilmi dierleri firr etmilerdir. Bu esnda seksen kadar Ermeni atls ukurkuyuda ve yz kadar piydesi Krklar Tepesinde grlmdr. d. Zevlden sonra 108 nci Alay 2 nci Tabur bery- kef Erzincan istikmetine gnderilmidi. bu tabur saat 3 sonrada Erzincann (garb?) mahrecindeki evlerin civrlarndan te eden ve 150 kadar tahmn edilen Ermeni ekysnn mukvemetini krarak birinci maddede arz olunduu vechle Erzincana girmidir. 3. Garb Dersim ktatndan malmt alnamamdr. 4. Erzincan igl eden kuvvetimiz takviye edildi. 13/14 gecesi Erzincann ark mahreci igl edilecekdir. Dokuzuncu Frkadan sevk olunan kuvvetli bir mfreze de Horanda bulunarak Krklar Tepesi, Sere Boaz istikmetlerini kef ve tarassud edecekdir. 5. Erzincan kasabasnda bir mahallde, klalar cihetinde iki mahallde yangn gryorum. 6. Kolordu Karargh 13/14 gecesini Krdbrastikde geirecekdir. 7. bu rapor nc Ordu, 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu, 4 nc Kolordu, 9 ncu Frka, 10 ncu Frka Kumandanlklarna yazlmak zre 13/2/34 7.30 sonrada Krdbrastikde telefon merkezine verilmidir. Telefonla yazlmdr. 13.2.H 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Mr-aly Kzm Karabekir

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Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine Mstacel ve ztidir Bugn Erzincana geldim. ardakl Boazndan Erzincana kadar olan btn kyler hatta bir klbe bile salam kalmamak artyla tahrb edilmi grdm. B-elerin aalar kesilmi, kyllerden bir ferd sa kalmamdr. Ermenilerin Erzincanda ik etdikleri fecyii trih-i lem bugne kadar kaydetmemidir. gnden beri Ermeniler tarafndan ldrlb meydnda kalan slm cenzeleri toplatdrlmakdadr. ehd edilen bu b-gnah ve masm halk arasnda memeden kesilmemi ocuklar, doksan yan ikml etmi ihtiyrlar, paralanm kadnlar vardr. Tedrcen bunlarn fotografleri aldrlmakdadr, vakyi hakknda zabt varakalar tutduralacakdr. Dest-res olunacak vakyi-i mhimme ve (mstacele?) srasyla arz edilecekdir. (mz) Kapadld 16/2/34

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Grlmdr. mz Erzincan 37 3 nc Ordu Kumandanlna 1. Kolordu cebhesinde sknet vardr. 2. Bugn 24-2-34de Yavi, Yeniky, Akale istikmetlerine kuvvetli birer zbit kef kolu gnderilmidir. 3. Ermeni ekys Mamahtundan firr ederken nefs-i kasabadan yz ve civr kurdan toplanlan iki yz ki ceman yz slm sng ve kurunla ehd etmiler ve mhimmat dolu cmi-i erif hkmet kona han shhiyye istasyonu ve erzk bulunduu istihbr klnan altm kadar hneyi ihrk eylemilerdir. Civr kurda erzk mddaharhneler de ihrk ve tahrb olunmu ve yalnz Boyac kolunda ahli-i mahalliyye tarafndan yama edilenlerden buuk ton muhtelifl-cins erzk ile Mamahtundan sekiz ton kadar etlik konserve bulunabilmidir. Kylerde ve Mamahtunda perakende olarak bir yere tesdf edilen ceb-hne ve mevadd- tahrbiyye toplatdrlmakdadr. Mikdr ve cinsinin taayynne allmakdadr. Kolordunun takb etdii gzer-gh Ermenilerin ricat eyledii yola tesdf eylediinden akler firrlar esnsnda mevcd erzk ihrk eylemekde ve ihrk olunamayan cz bir (ksm da?) ahli-i mahalliyye tarafndan yama edilmekdedir. Muvazzaf ktatmz Beyman ve Mamahtun mntakasna ilk muvsalatnda Dersim airinden ve milislerdir. Hi kimseye tesdf etmemilerdir ahli-i mahalliyye elindeki yama edilmi erzkn cemine ve bir cihetle de mbyaten tedrikine allmakdadr. 4. Hava akdr 5. bu rapor 3 nc Ordu 2 nci Kolordu 4 nc Kolordu Kumandanlklarna arz ve tebell edilmek zre 24-2-34 saat 6 sonra da Erzincan Telgraf Merkezine verilmidir. 24-2-34 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Kzm Karabekir 24-2-34 sat 6.30 sonra

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Kelkit 150 3 nc Ordu Kumandanlna

27-2-34

ube 1 Ksm 3 Aded 679

C. 23/2/34 harekt 1239 numroya ...dan ricat eden Ermenilerin esny ricatlarnda Avcmadenhanlarnn drt kilometre cenb- arksindeki Harorti karyesi ahlsinden olmak zere ceman sekiz Mslimn katl etdikleri anlalm ve bu ehsn hviyyetlerinin tahakkuk ve tayn ve gerek bu vakann ve gerekse dier vakayi-i ciniyenin mmkn olduka fotografleri ahz hakknda ktata emir verilmidir. Elde edilebilecek netyic pey-der-pey ir klnaca marzdur. 26/2/34 Harekt 679 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan evk ----------------------Ordu Karargh

nc Ordu-y Hmyn Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyye ube 1 Ksm 1 Aded Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine ifre Zta mahssdur

1- Ermenilerin Madenhanlar civrnda katl etdiini 26/2/34 trih ve 1337 numro ile arz etdiim be Mslimden baka Madenhanlarnn cenb- arksindeki Harorti karyesi ahlsinden de Mslimi katletmilerdir. 2- Ermeni eteleri Yenikyde yirmi hneyi ihrk eylemilerdir. 3- Ermenilerin Akaleden firrlarndan evvel ahlden otuz be kiiyi ehd eylemi olduklar marzdur. 27-2-34 - Harekt - 1378 nc Ordu Kumandan Ferk Vehb Mehmed

551

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nc Ordu-y Hmyn Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyye ube 1 Aded

Ordu Kararghndan

kinci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandanlna C. 7/2/34 trih ve 448 numrolu telefona Telefon (Kelkit)e gelen (Hayk) karyesi imm ve muhtrna istedikleri eslihy verebilirsiniz. Gerek bu karye ahlsinin ve gerekse civrlarnda bulunan Mslimn kyleri ahlsinin imdiden yiyecekleriyle beraber Sadak garbna aldrlmalarn mhim gryorum. Arakn ahl-i slmiyyeyi Bayburdda cem etmesi onlar imh maksadna mbtendir. Nitekim Erzincan katl-i mm da bylece olmudur. Ermenilerin davetine kaplmamalar lzm geldiinin vesit-i sera ve emniyye ile kendilerine ibln ric ederim. 28/2/34 Harekt 895 nc Ordu Kumandan Ferk

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2 nci Kolordu nc Ordu Kumandanlna Aceledir

1/3/34

Mretteb Svri Alayndan 1-3-34 saat 7.30 sonra yazlm olub imdi alnan rapor hulsas zrde marzdur. 1- Karabyk mntakasndaki Ermeniler bugn sabaha doru Erzurum istikmetine ekilmilerdir. Alaca ky istikmetine sevk edilen kef kolumuz Ermenileri takb etmekdedir. Bu kef kolunun Evreni kynde yazd raporda bu kyn yanmakda olduu bildirilmidir. 2- Ermenilerin Tazegl karyesi ahlsinden otuz kadar kadn ve ocuu katl etmiler ve yirmi be kadar erkei de on be gn evvel bir semt-i mechle kaldrmlar ve kyn bir ksmn da ihrk etmilerdir. 3- oruh nehrinin menba cihetlerine sevk edilmi olan kef kolumuz avdet ederek alayna iltihk etmidir. Verdii raporda bu mntakada Ermeni grlmedii Paa kynde Ruslarn terk etmi olduu muhtelifl cins erzk kmilen kyller tarafndan yama ve taksm edildii ve bu mntaka ahlsinin olduka hli ve vakti yerinde olduu bildirilmidir. 1/3/34 kinci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Mr-liv evk

---------Kelkit 2-3-34 Aceledir

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nc Ordu Kumandanlna Mretteb Svri Alay bulunduu Ekemansur karyesinden 2-3-34 saat 6.15 sonrada verdii raporun hulsas udur. 1- Erzurum istikmetinde ekilen Ermenilerle temassn muhfazas iin Aa-Hokis istikmetlerinde birer kef kolu bulunmakdadr.

558

2- Alaca karyesini Ermeniler yakm ve bu ky ahlisinden drt yz kadar kadn ocuk ve erkek adamlar da bir hneye doldurarak ihrk etmilerdir. Meydnda iki yz kadar cenze vardr. Mezkr kyde yanm bir anbar bulunmu ve dernunda ancak on be uval kadar dakk toplanabilmidir. 3- Karabykhanlarnda bulunan erzkn drt bin uval dakk bin sandk et konservesi bin uval arpa pek ok peksimd ve bulgur ve krma ve sire olduu Svri Alay Kumandan haber veriyor. Bu anbarlar (....) memru tarafndan teslm alnmakda imi. 4- leri srlen kef kollarndan henz rapor gelmemi olduu marzdur. 2/3/34 2 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Mr-liv evk ube 1 2.3.34 Menzil ubesine ve 4.ube (?) erzk iin malmat verelim. mz

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Alaca 100 nc Ordu Kumandanlna Kolordu Kararghnn Alacaya vuslnde Ermenilerin elinden kaarak kurtulabilen krk sekiz nfsdan m-ada iki odaya doldurarak itlfa teebbs eyledikleri ahli-i slmiyyeden iki yz yetmi sekizini ehd ve krk ikisini ekserisi ar olmak zere mecrh buldum. Mecrhnin tedvi ve istirhatlerine allmakdadr. ki yz yetmi sekiz ehd kmesi ierisinde rzlarna tecvzden sonra cierleri duvarlara aslm gen kzlar, karnlar deilmi hamile kadnlar, beyinleri snglenmi veya vcdlarna benzin dklerek ihrk edilmi ocuk ve erkeklerin hsl ettii pek hazn levha ile kinci Kolordudan gelirken Arapgir ve Einde drt bin Ermeninin ksmen ihtid perdesi arkasnda byk bir hrriyyet ve musvt- tmme ile mesrrne bir hayat geirmekde olduklarn tahatturla grdm bu iki hayret (?) arasndaki tezdd ve mbyenetden mtevellid yes ve tesrimi hk-py- kumandanlerine bu zavall ehdlerin ba ucundan arz etmee bir mecbriyyet-i derniye hiss eylediim marzdur. 10/3/34 Harekt 397 1 nci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Kzm Karabekir

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nc Ordu Kumandanlna Ermenilerin Erzurumda dahi mezlim ve katl-i mm icr edib etmediklerinin ltfen ir. 19/3/34 stihbrt Drdnc Ordu Kumandan Ceml

---------nc Ord-y Hmyn Erkn- Harbiyyesi

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---------Erzurum 21/3/34

Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine ifre C. 13-14/3/34 Harekt 1156 numrolu ifrenin ikinci maddesi. Ahren igl eylediimiz Erzincan, Erzurum ehrlerinin vaziyyet-i hzralarn ber-vech-i t arz ederim. Dr olduklar felket ve harb itibryla yek dierine pek ziyde arz mbehet eden bu iki rn kasabamzn muten mebn-i resmiyye ve hussiyyesi Ermeniler tarafndan kmilen ve bi-l-iltizm yaklm ve ikinci derecedeki evler ve messest iki seneden beri Rus ordusunun asker ikmesi ve igli dolaysyla harbezra dndrlmdr. Hemn denebilir ki her iki ehr yeniden ihy ve imra muhtc ve yn- terhm bir haldedir. Erzincann btn klalar Erzurumun svri klas ve hkmet ve kolordu direleri yanan mebn-i resmiyye miyanndadr. El-hsl her iki kasaba da yaklm yklm aalar kesilmi btn man-i hakikiyyesiyle bir yangn yerine evirilmidir. Bu kasabalarn ahlsine gelince: Bunlarn da eli silh tutanlar bidyetde yol yapdrlmak bahneleriyle toplanm ve Sarkam istikametinde sevk edilerek ifn edilmidir. Kasabada kalan ahl-i mtebkye ise Rus ordusunun ekilmesi ile balayan Ermeni ktl ve mezlimi ile ksmen ortadan kaldrlm, kuyulara atlm, evlere doldurulup yaklm, sng ve kldan geirilmi ve kassbhne ittihz etdikleri mahallerde karnlar deilmi, cierleri karlm ve kz ve kadnlarn her trl enatden sonra salarndan aslmdr. Engizisyon mezlimine rahmet okudacak mertebe en olan bu mezlimden masn kalan akall-i kall halk ise seflet ve garbetden ve bu manzarann kendilerine vermi olduu dehetden ksmen meyyit-i mteharrik ve ksmen cinnet-i muvakkate halinde bulunmudur ki bunlarn mikdr oluk ocuk 569

dhil olduu halde imdilik Erzincanda bin be yz, Erzurumda otuz bini tecvz etmemekdedir. Erzincan ve Erzurum ekilmemi ve ahl elinde ne varsa alnm a ve plak bir halde bulunmudur. El-yevm bu ahl igli mtekb Ruslarn brakd anbarlardan sika-i c ile ele geirdikleri bir ksm erzk ile keff- nefs etmekdedirler. Erzurum ve Erzincan havlisindeki kyler daha ziyde yn- merhamet bir haldedirler. Gzer-gha tesdf eden baz kyler kknden kal edilmi ve ahlsi kedisine varncaya kadar kesilmi ta zerinde ta braklmamdr. Ermeni gzer-ghndan uzak olan kyler ise ksmen mevcdiyyetini muhfaza etmekde ve fakat ahlsi alkdan her gn fevc fevc orduya dehlet etmekdedir. Trih-i mezlimin henz byle bir vaky-i enay kayd etmemi olduunu keml-i teessrle hk-py- devletlerine arz ve ber-hayt kalanlarn muhfaza-i haytlar iin muhtelif tevrihle gerek Nezret-i Cellelerine ve gerek Dhiliyye Nezretine yazdm marztn seran isfna inyet buyrulmasn istirhm eylerim. Harekta balayal krk gn bulduu halde bu b-re ve a ve yn- merhamet olan millet iin hibir ey yaplmam olduunu grerek hkmet-i seniyyenin f eyledii vazfe-i tahlsiyye ile Ermenilerin tg-i zulmnden kurtard ibd- Mslimni aln au- hevl-nkna atdn da ilve ederim efendim. nc Ordu Kumandan Ferk 23.3.34 Harekt ----------------------1/4/34 ifre C. 3/34 ifreye Erzurumun trih-i istirdd olan 12/3/34 trihinden 20/3/34 trihine kadar gzern olan mddet zarfnda yalnz Erzurum ehri iinde Ermeniler tarafndan sret-i gaddr-nede ehd edilmi 2127 erkek slm na bulunduu ve taharriyyta devm edilmekde olduundan bad-ezn bulunacaklar hakknda da ayrca arz- malmt olunaca marzdur. mz Kapatld 1.4.34

Drdnc Ordu Kumandanlna

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Dersadetde Karargh- Umm kinci ube Mdri Seyf Beyefendiye Erzincan 1 Mays 334

Trabzondan Erzincana kadar btn kyler birer harbedir. Ksm- azam Ruslarn tahliye annda Ermeniler tarafndan tahrb edilmidir. Bu tahrbtda Rumlarn da itirki vardr. Ruslardan ziyde gayr-i mslim vatandalarnn mezliminden bzrdr. Trabzon slm mahallesi hk ile yeksan edilmidir. Mezrlklar Ruslar tarafndan tiyatro yaplmdr. Cmiler (...lerinin) en en resmler denerek gbrelerle duruyor. Trabzon Erzincan yolu zerinde meyve aalar kesilmi, evleri yklm a kadnlar yollarda pels-preler iinde dileniyorlar. Hristiyan kyleri muhfaza edilmidir. Erzincan bir fecyi sahnesidir. Kuyular slm lleriyle doludur. Virn evlerin baelerinde arsalarda elan etleri zerinde insn nalar eller ve ayaklar bulunuyor. En mzeyyen Ermeni evlerinin kap yollar kmilen kanla mlemmadr. Ruslarn ehri tahliyesi esnsnda slmlardan bir ou Ermeniler tarafndan habs edilmi talk nlerinde ktkler zerinde katl olunmudur. Tekml ehr harbedir / 30 minh Karargh- Umm kinci ubeye Memr Yzba Ahmed Refk

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Karargh- Umm kinci ube Mdri Seyf Beyefendiye Erzincan 2/5/34

Erzincanda iki aydan beri elan Mslimn cenzelerinin defni ile uralyor. imdiye kadar kuyulardan karlan veya hendek kenarlarnda katl edilenlerin mecmu alt yz alt kiidir. Bunlar Ruslarn Erzincan igl etmeleri zerine Anadoluya ekilemeyen fukara ahldir. Biroklarnn elleri telefon telleriyle balanarak katl edilmidir. Kuyudan karlanlar kmilen rmdr. Bazlarnn gslerinde sng yaralar boazlarnda tel yerleri grlyor. imdiye kadar kuyularda bulunabilen nalar cmi meydnna getirilmi ahl tarafndan tanlanlar ilelerine teslm edilmidir. El-yevm Erzincanda drt binden fazla nfs yokdur. Hemn ksm- azam da yaln ayak a sefil ve pern bir haldedir. Erzincanda kaldmz drt gn zarfnda muhbirler ancak yarm sat kadar mezlim sahnelerini gezdiler. O 574

esnda da Ermeni kilsasyla mezrln ziyret etdiler. Cesedleri ve sireyi grmeye ehemmiyyet vermiyorlar. kan cesedlerin balarn harb yerlerin kmilen fotoraflarn aldrdm. Erzurum sbk Alman Konsolosu Andresin refkatimizde bulunmas muhbirleri yn- tedkik mahallere gtrmekliime mni olmakdadr. Muhbirlerin en ok alkadar olduklar yerler arlardr. Ber-vech-i malmat arz olunur. 4 nc Kolordu 2 nci ubeye Memr Ahmed Refk

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Karargh- Umm kinci ube Mdri Seyf Beyefendiye Tercan Ermeniler tarafndan kmilen tahrb edilmidir. Kasabada salam hibir bin yokdur. Ruslarn ceb-hne anbar ittihz etdikleri cmi-i erf dinamitle ber-hev edilmidir. Mamahatun Trbesi yaklmdr. Kasaba det bir harbe-zrdr. Her taraf Mslimn lleriyle doludur. Yalnz Mamahatunda Ermenilerin ldrdkleri oluk ocuun mikdr yedi yze bli olmudur. Cesedlerin bazlarn bin iinde bazlarn hendek kenrnda kollar bal olarak brakmlardr. Biroklarnn balar balta ile kesilmidir. Halk Ruslardan hibir fenlk grmemidir. Btn cinyetler tahribt Ruslarn ekilmesini mtekb Ermeniler tarafndan k edilmidir. Ruslarn brakdklar erzk ceb-hne ve malzeme ehri mdfaa eden Ermeniler tarafndan yaklmdr. Kasabada birok istihkm edevt kereste mevcddur. 4 Mays 34 Karargh // kinci ube Memru Yzba Ahmed Refk

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Karargh- Umm kinci ube Mdri Seyf Beyefendiye Erzurum 8/5/34

Erzurum Ermeni mezliminden harb bir haldedir. Ermeniler Erzurumdan ekilmezden evvel yz kadar slm bir konaa doldurmular zerine benzin dkerek yakmlardr. Konan enkaz arasnda eln ynlarla insan cesedleriyle paralanm insan beyinlerine tesdf olunur. Ermenilerin ilerini bu sretle yzlerce slm doldurarak yakdklar konaklar mteaddiddir. Mezlimi idre edenler Antranik Paa ile Fransz Mraly Moreldir. Erzurum dhilinde toplanan cenzelerin mikdr drt bindir. Bu miyanda birok kadn ve ocuk da dhildir. Ermenilerin yalnz Ilcalarda katl eyledikleri erkek, kadn ve ocuun mikdr iki bine yakndr. Ermeniler ahlyi evlere doldurub yakdklar gibi, yol yapdrmak bahnesiyle ehr hricinde de katl etmilerdir. Erzurumdan bu sretle gaib olan yz on bir kiidir. Bu teleft miynnda kyler dhil deildir. Muhbirler mezlim yerlerini Vli Beyle berber yarm sat kadar gezdiler. ki gn sonra Kars581

Batum tarkiyle avdet ediyoruz. Erzurumda mezlim sahnelerinin harb yerlerin fotografilerini aldrdm. Bervech-i malmat arz olunur. / 8 minh Karargh- Umm kinci ubeye Memr Yzba Ahmed Refk

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Adanadan 25/5/34 kinci Ordu Kumandanlna Aded 581 Gayet mhimm ve mstaceldir: Islhiye kazs dhilinde Sabunsuyu civrnda zuhr eden otuz veya krk kiilik Ermeni etesinin ahlden drt ve jandarmadan iki ki ceman alt ahs sret-i fecada katl etdikleri Cebel-i Bereket Jandarma Tabur Kumandanlnn irna atfen Jandarma Alay Kumandanlndan bildirilmidir. Umm jandarma kuvvetinin sevkiyle eirrnn her halde tenkli mutasarrfla yazlmdr. Cihet-i askeriyyeden muktez mfrezelerin tertb ve sevki iin icb edenlere teblgt- sera icrs mtemenndr. On ikinci Kolordu Kumandanlna da yazlmdr. Adana Vlisi Nzm ----------------------Islhiyeden 24/5/34 kinci Ordu Kumandanlna 22/5/34 de Islhiyenin dokuz sat cenb- arksinde kin Haclar ve Burunsuz karyeleri arasnda krk kiilik bir Ermeni etesi zuhr ederek pusuya drdkleri yedi jandarma neferini itlf eyledikleri ve meselenin tahkk ve takbleri iin bu sabah kuvvetli bir mfrezenin sevk edildii marzdur. nzibt Mntakalar Kumandan Kaymakam kif

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nc Ordu Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyye 1 nci ube 2070 2328 Ordu Kararghndan 31/5/34 Bakumandanlk Veklet-i Cellesine Erivan mntakasndaki Ermenilerin mezkr havlide bulunan slmlara yapdklar mezlim hakknda Bak Mslimn Cemiyyet-i Hayriyyesinin Kazman Vekli tarafndan gnderilmi olan bir mektbun sreti leffen takdm klnd marzdur. nc Ordu Kumandan Ferk nmna Erkn- Harbiyye Resi mz

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---------Kazman 7/5/34

Otuz Altnc Kafkas Frkas Kumandan Hazretlerine Sret ki aydan ziydedir ki Kafkasda vuka gelen Ermeni Mslimn dmesinden dolaydr ki bu husmet Erivan vilyeti slmlar ile Ermeniler arasnda dahi bymee balamdr. imdiki gnlere kadar Ermeni eky desteleri slmlar keserek kyleri birer ikier ykb yakmakdadr. Erivan vilyetinde mahall avlanan yerde Ermeni zlimleri tarafndan otuzdan ziyde slm kylerinin ahlsi kesilerek kyler tahrb ve yandrlmdr. Bu felket ve helkete binen imdiki zamanda Erivan vilyeti slmlar gyet fen bir hayt geirmekdedirler. Verilen yita gre Erivan ehri slmlar Ermeniler tarafndan muhsara edilmidir. Her gn Erivan tarafndan klliyyetli sretde hasta, mecrh ve ihtiyr kar kz muhcirler Kazman tarafna gelmekdedirler. Muhcirler hepsi alkdan ve yersizlikden telef oluyorlar. Yalnz kendisini karmaa muvaffak olmu kaknlar ve yiyecek iin ok eylere muhtcdrlar. Grdkleri adamlara yalvarmaa balyorlar. Erivan vilyetindeki din kardelerimizin u esef-nk hallerini 589

Trkiye ierisine haber vermeleri temenn olunur. Kumandan hazretlerinin muhcirlere madd ve manev yardmda bulunmalarn ve tavattun ve mesken edecek yerler gstermelerini istirhm ve niyz ederim. Emr fermn hazret-i linizindir. Bak Mslimn Cemiyyet-i Hayriyyesinin Harb-zedelere Muvenet Heyetinin Kazman Kazs Vekli ve Kafkas Cebhesi Mftisi dris: hundzde Genceli

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Telefon Yukartalin 20/6/34 Birinci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandanlna Numro 40 Erivann 26 kilometre iml-i arksindeki Karakala ve 20 kilometre arkndaki Ekrek ve 11 kilometre arkndaki Kirpikli ve civrndaki slm kyleri ahlsinden olub Erivana gelen birka kii oradan da bugn buraya gelmilerdir. Merkmlar Erivann ark ve ark- imlsinde bulunan yirmi iki ky ahlsinden kurtulabilenler Lezved Byezidin? 20 kilometre garbndaki tepeler Dann yaylalarnda bulunduklarn ve birok ahlnin bizim tarafa gemek istediklerini ve Erivandaki Ermeni kumandanna Erivanda bulunan slmlar hicret iin mrcaat etmiler ise de muvfakat etmedii ve eln Ermenilerin slmlar katl-i mm etmekde olduklar ve Erivann on kilometre arkndaki Akakale kynden urbulak yoluyla Erivana hicret eden yirmi hne ahli-i slmiyyenin 17-18/6/34 gecesi urbulak ile Tokmakkend arasnda Ermeniler tarafndan kmilen katl edildiini ve bu gibi ktlin her zaman vuka gelmekde olduunu sylyorlar. Erivan mntakasndaki birok slm ahlnin tarafmza hicret etmek istedikleri cihetle kendilerine Erivandaki Ermeni kumandan tarafndan msade edilmek zre dellet buyurulmasn ve Erivan mntakasndaki kylerde bulunan slm ahlnin kylerine avdet edemeyerek dalarda kaldklarn ve Ermenilerin eln tecvztda bulunduklar cihetle bunlarn da meni hussunu istirhm etmekde olduklar marzdur. 29/6/34 Harekt Dokuzuncu Kafkas Frkas Kumandan Rd

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Telsiz Gmr 27/6/34 Ermeni Kolordusu Kumandan General Nazarbekof Cenblarna Numro 79 26/6/34 trihli telgraf-nmelerini aldm. zhr edilen meveddetden dolay memnniyyetimi beyn ederim. Ermenistan Cumhriyyeti arzisi dhilinde vuku bulduunu 20/6/34 de arz etdiim slmlara taarruz meselesi Kzlkala Kiyankiyan Karakalann slm sekenesine iddir. Kyleri yaklm ve kendileri tazyk edilmi olduundan dalara kam olan bu slm ahlsi 14/6/34 de Erivana gelerek oradan Memlik-i Osmniyyeye gemee msade isteyeceklerdi. Yollarda biroklar katl edilmi ve kadnlar karlm ve mallar ellerinden alnmdr. slm kadnlarndan birou eln dahi Ermeni etelerinin elindedir. Aahanotada vuku bulan hdiseden hibir malmt alamadm. Hactarak ve Hacilyas kyleri slm ahlsinin vukut u yolda cereyn etmidir. Arbt kynn civrndaki Ermeni kylleri mallarn Arbt tarlalarna brakmlar ve Arbt slm kyllerin de mahsltlarnn yedirilmemesini ric etmiler ve nihyet i mteme ve mudrebeye varm ve netcede dahi birka slmn lmesiyle hall olunmudur. Bu meselede zarar eken Ermeni deil slm sekenedir. Keyfiyyetin bu sretde tahkik buyurulmas. Osmnl Hkmetiyle Ermenistan Cumhriyyeti arasnda tess eden ve devm rz edilen mnsebt- dostnenin idmesi iin bu gibi vakayie sebebiyyet verilmemesinin icb edenlere edden emr verilmesini ric ederim. ki hkmet beynindeki dostluu py-dr etmek ve badem dahi byle uygunsuz hallere meydn kalmamak iin Ermeni Cumhriyyeti arzsindeki slmlarn Osmnl Hkmetine ve Osmnl ordularnca yeni igl edilen arzdeki Ermenilerin dahi Ermeni Cumhriyyeti arzsine gemeleri bizce muvfk grlm ve nezdimizdeki Ermeni komisyonuna dahi teklf edilmidir. Bu hussun da seran icrsn ihtirmt- fikama terdfen ric eylerim. Osmnl Mzkere Komisyonu Resi Birinci Kafkas Kolordusu Kumandan Mr-aly Kzm Karabekir

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Erzurum Vakayii: Erzurumdaki katl-i umm General Odielidzenin Erzurumu terkini mtekb balyor. Yan Trk ktatnn Erzincan istirdd trihi olan 10/ubat/34 trihinden itibren Erzurum dhilinde ve hricinde katl-i umm icr ediliyor. Fakat General Odielidzenin Erzurumda bulunduu srada mnferd ktllerin icr edildii de dosyann tedkkinden anlalyor. Hatt Rus Ermeni zbitlerinden Piyde Mlzm- snsi Karagayef tarafndan ar ve pazarda toplanan yz kadar Mslimnn zerlerinde mevcd para ve z-kymet ey gasb edildikden sonra imh maksadyla svri klasna sevk ediliyor ve Kaymakam Toberdahilof tarafndan haber alnarak fecaya mni olunduu grlyor. Toberdahilofun Odielidzeye mezkr vaka hakkndaki ikytna mebn Karagayefin tevkfe alnd ve bilhire Erzincandan Erzuruma gelmi olan Mr-aly Morel tarafndan tahliye olunduu anlalyor. Erzurum katl-i ammn Antranik ve Doktor Azaryef tertb ve icr etdiriyor. Bu icrta 10/ubat/34 de balanyor. Erzurum kasabasnn bi-lumm mahallt devriyyelerle ihta olunuyor. ar ve pazarda dolaan ocuk, ihtiyr, kadn, erkek yol yapdrtmak bahnesiyle toplanyor. Toplanan bu masmn kitlesi kafile kafile Karskapusu hricinde ictim etdiriliyor. zerleri iyice taharr para ve z-kymet eylar tamamyle gasb olundukdan sonra Azziye Tabyas civrndaki vdlerde balta, sng ve kurunla sret-i feca katl ve itlf edildikden sonra ihzr edilmi ukurlara dolduruluyor. Bde Erzurum garnizonlarnda bulunan bi-l-umm Ermeni askerleri hnelere taarruza balyor. Yama, katl, rza tecvz gibi enat ve vahet btn iddetiyle tatbk ediliyor. Bu feca Trk ktatnn Erzurumu istirdd trihi olan ubat 34 trihine kadar devm ediyor. Erzuruma giren Trk ktat kasaba dhilinde 2127 (2427?) maktl erkek cenzesi defn ediyor. Ayrc Karskapusu hricinde iki yz elli cesed grlyor. Cesedler zerinde balta, sng, mermi yaras cierleri karlm gzlerine sivri kazk sokulmu ecsda tesdf olunuyor. Hulsa: Erzurum katl-i mmna marz kalan ihtiyr, kadn, ocuk, erkein mecmu sekiz bini buluyor. Erzurumun Trk pazar kmilen yama ve ihrk edilmi olduu anlalyor. Bundan m-ada Ermeni ktatnn icr etdii vahete lnet ederek mezkr ktatda zbitlik etmek tenezzlnde bulunmayb Erzincanda kalm olan 13 nc Trkistan Avc Alayna mensb Yzba Vekli Kazmir mezlime id yazd rapor icr edilen enati btn plaklyla meydna koyuyor. Mm-ileyhin hatrtnda aynen u cmleler grlyor. Ermeniler slmlar Sarkamda aldrmak bahnesiyle topladlar ve ehrden iki kilometre ayrlnca katl etdiler. Ermeniler arasnda Rus zbitn bulunmasa idi mezlimin daha vsi mikysda tatbk edilecei tab idi. Bir gecede 800 slmn kesildiini bi-z-zt Ermenilerden iitdim. 15/16 Knn- sn gecesi 611

Ermeniler Erzincanda ahl-i mahalliyyeye katl-i mm tertb etdiler. Mr-aly Morelin ittihz etdii tedbir netcesiz kald. Zulm ve yama devm etdi. Ve yine Erzincanda kalm olan Madam Pase ile nefer Aleksandr yukardaki vakayii aynen tekrar ediyorlar. Bi-l-hssa Birinci Kafkas Kolordusu tarafndan esir edilen Ermeni milletine mensb stihkm Zbiti Tiflisli Morzof Mgrd Erzincan katl-i mmnn sret-i ibtid ve icrsn musavver hatt- destiyle yazd Franszca raporda katl-i mm u sretle hikye ediyor. Bir tarafdan mnferd askerlerin Ermeniler tarafndan dr- taarruz olmas dier tarafdan Krdlerin umm bir kym hazrlnda bulunduklar hakknda bir rivyetin devern Mr-aly Moreli Ruslara kar tecvz edebilecek bi-l-umm ahlnin tevkfi iin emr vermee mecbr etmidi. Bu dakikadan itibren hibir tarafdan emr verilmeksizin katl-i mm balad. Katl-i mma gnlller ile berber askir-i muntazama da itirk etmekde idi. Katl-i mm en ziyde Ermeni kilsas civrnda icr edilmidi. Edilen nasyihe ramen katl-i mmn nne gemek mmkin olamamdr. (Erzincan) ve (Erzincan) civrnda takrben 250 il 300 kii katl olunmudur. Mgrdn bldaki ifdt fecyiin tarz- mberet ve sret-i icrsn tamamyla tavzh ediyor. Hulsa: Erzincandan 93 trihindeki Rus - Osmnl hudduna kadar olan kylerden pek cz bir ksm Ermeni ktatnn zulm ve vahetinden kendilerini kurtarabiliyor. Erzincandan bu hudda kadar yaplacak seyhat, edilecek tedkkt enat ve fecatn derece-i vsatini grmek ve anlamak kabil ve mmkin grnyor. Kafkasya dhilinde Ermeni ktatnn zulm ve vaheti: Ermeni ktat 93 trihindeki Osmnl - Rus huddu gerisine ekildikden sonra o havldeki slmlarn da ayn mezlim ve enate giriftr olduklar grlyor. Sarkamda altrlmakda olan bin sekiz yz Trk esirinin pey-der-pey katl edilmekde olduu anlalyor. (Sarkam), (Kars), (Gmr), (Kazman), (Ardahan), (Ahlkelek) mntakalar birer sahne-i fecat oluyor. (Sarkam) ve (Kars) kasabalarnn ihrk edilmi olduu grlyor. Mentk- mezkre dhilinde tesbt edilen Ermeni zulm ve vahetinin hulsas zrdedir. 1- 29/4/34 de Gmrden be yz araba ile (Ahlkelek) e nakl edilmekde olan bin kadar kadn, ihtiyr, ocuk, erkek mahv ve ifn ediliyor. 2- Bin nefer iki makineli tfenk ve iki topdan mrekkeb bir Ermeni kuvveti Kazman arkndaki (Kulb) ve (Erivan) mntakasndaki slm kylerini tahrb kadn, ocuk ve erkeklerini katl ediyorlar. 612

3- 1/5/34 de yz kadar Ermeni atls (itepe) - (Dzkend) ve civrndan altm ocuk, kadn ve erkei katl ediyorlar ve 25/4/34 de Kars arkndaki (Subatan) karyesinden (570) irili ve ufakl nfs- slmiyyeyi balta ve bakla atede yakarak ehd ediyorlar. (Magasto) ve (Alaca) karyelerinden yz mtecviz kadn ve ocuu ayn sret-i fecada katl olunuyorlar. (Tekneli ?), (Hachalil), (Kaloky), (Harbe), (Daor), (Milnl), (Ketak) kyleri ahlsi kmilen mahv ve ifn ediliyor. 4- 1/5/34 de Ahlkelek etrfndaki kurdan (Acaraca), (Dangall), (Mlni ?), (Morcahiz ?), (Badigana), (Havur), (Koros) kyleri ihrk, ahlsi katl-i mma marz kalyor. Arpaay zerinde Gvercine (...?) imlindeki (Bugorni), (Erivan) iml-i garbsindeki amran ve civrndaki kyler sekenesi Ermeniler tarafndan katl-i mm ediliyor ve karyeler kmilen ihrk ve tahrb ediliyor. 5- Karsdaki Trk sersndan bir ksm Karsda ve bir ksm da (Gmrde) sng ile bir sret-i fecada katl ediliyor. Bu cmleden olarak (Borcal) kazs merkezinden Matupiyef imzsyla nc Grc Piyde Frkas Kumandanlna yazlb asl ele geirilen 17/Nisan/1918 trihli raporda mezlime id aynen u cmleler grlyor. Ermeniler emre ve zabt u rabta bakmayarak birka slm ky yakdlar. Filleri bulunamad. (Abbasnuman) dan ve (Barcum) dan tel ve telefon kesilmidir. Bir tarafa kmak mmkin olmuyor. Kyller bizden imdd istiyor. Bizde imdd yokdur. Bakaca olarak Bak Cemiyyet-i Hayriyyesinin 36 nc Kafkas Frkas Kumandanlna gnderdii mektubda (Erivan) vilyeti dhilindeki katl ve imh edilmekde olduunu ve otuzdan fazla slm kynn ihrk ve sekenesinin katl edildii; ve (Erivan) dan firren gelen yaral, hasta, muhacirnin adedi gnbegn oalmakda ve seflet ve perniyyet iinde pyn olduklarndan melce ve mev gsterilmesi istirhm olunmakdadr. Ermeni ktatnn u harekt- vahiyynelerine kar Trk ktatnn tavr ve hareketleri hakknda (Ktayis) Vlisi ikutsivillinin (Ktayis) vilyeti ve mlhaktna yazd iki telgraflardan ber vech-i t fkart clib-i nazar- dikkatdir. Trkler kesiyor, ldryor diye yialar kyor. Ben size beyn ederim ki bu doru deildir. Trk Hkmeti ve Trk askeri kendi halinde duranlara hibir ey yapmaz ve ilimez. Mal ve mlkn de muhfaza ile kendilerine muvenet eyler. Ahlnin yerlerine gelmesi sahibsiz kalan hnelerdeki eylarna sahib olmalarn ve bunlarn zyi olmakda bulunduunu Trk Hkmeti bize bildiriyor. (Trabzon) dan (Batum) dan askerler silhlarn atarak kadlar. Bu mcib-i hicbdr. Bu huss (Azorketi) Muhrebesinde pek fen bir hlde grld. Muhrebede byk kk herkes metnetini muhfaza etmelidir. 613

Bundan m-ad (Borcal) ahl-i slmiyyesinin dr olagelmekde bulunan zulm ve itisf Tiflisde kan Albayrak gazetesinin nsha-i mahssas tamamiyle terh ediyor ve ahlnin gnderdii istimdd-nme her sretle vakyii tasvr ediyor. Fecat ve enat tasvr ve tasavvurun fevkine kd grlyor. (Ahlkelek) mntakasndaki (.....?) slmlara Ermenilerin yapd zulm ve itisft hakknda Rus memrninden Birinci (Aksire?) Diresi Mfettii Haraenkonun kendi el yazsyla verdii raporda vakyii ber-vech-i t sretde tesbt ve takrr eyliyor. 1917? Tern-i snsinden itibren 1918 senesi 21 Maysna kadar Ermenilerin Ahlkelek sancanda yerli ve mut ahl-i slmiyyeye kar tatbk eyledikleri dmanne mumelt zh edeceim. Gerek yerli Grclerin ifdtna istinden ve gerek kendi gzmle grm olduum vakyii gzlerim yala dolu olduu halde zha mberet ediyorum. Geen sene Tern-i sn nihyetinde (Akbabal) sekiz slm yerlilerden ot satn almak zre (Bodanokat?) karyesine geldiler. (uras yn- kayddr ki o sralarda syi ber-keml olduundan slmlar silhsz gezerlerdi) Bundan haberdr olan (Hocabey) karyesi Ermenileri derhl mezkr sekiz Mslimnn etrfn ihta ederek hanerlerle zerlerine saldrrlar ve katl ederek gzlerini oydular. Dillerini kesdiler. Bilhire cesedlere env- hakret yapdkdan sonra dier drdn silhla katl ederek cesedlerini (Akbaba) llara ide etdiler. Hanerlerle katl etdikleri drt cesedi yakdlar. 1918 Knn- snsinde Ermeniler slm kylerine taarruz etmee baladlar. (Evvel silhlarnz bize teslm ederseniz size hibir ey yapmayz) diye ifle baladlar. slmlar Ermenilerin lakrdsna inanarak kendi silhlarn teslm etdiler. Hl-bu-ki Ermeniler ifl etmilerdi. Ermeniler slmlarn silhlarn aldkdan sonra zrdeki kyleri tahrb etdiler. (Tospiye), (Kukye), (Verivan), (Tonvakam?), (Kolilis), (Pakkane), (Soumakava), (Alurjeva), ve (Gomris) bu kylerin zhire, mev ve bi-lumm eylarn alb gtrdler. Ky ahlsinin bir ksmn derhal orada katl ederek mtebk kadn ve erkekleri esir sfatyla (Ahlkelek) kasabasna gtrdler. Orada bunlara yirmi drt sat zarfnda bir font ekmek ile sudan m-ad hibir ey vermediler. Binen aleyh alk ve pislikden ser miynnda tifo zuhr etdi. Doktorlar sernn daha iyi iesi ve temiz tutulmas iin mrcaat etmi ise de Ermeniler nazar- itibra almayarak Mslimnlar hesbsz bir sretde krldlar. Kimse muvenet edemedi. nk Ermeniler hatt slm sersnn mevkf bulunduu binnn civrna bile kimseyi brakmyorlard. te 21/Mays/1918 senesinde Trk ordusu Korza karyesini igl etdii zaman bi-l-umm Ermeniler firr etmee baladlar. Ve sernn bulunduu biny tahrb etdiler. slmlar dam altnda kald. Cesedlerin bir ksmn da ukurlara atarak zerlerine kire dkdler. Bilhire neft ile yakdlar. te yirminci asrda meden Ermeni milleti neler cd ediyor. te grlyor ki Ermeniler 93 Osmnl-Rus huddunun garbndaki memlik-i mstevliyede bulunan ahl-i slmiyyeye tatbk etdikleri zulm ve 614

vaheti mezkr huddun arknda skin kendi i ve gleriyle megl ve her drl hukuk- milliyyeden mahrm b-regne de temlde devm ediyorlar. Bu imh pln tekl ve tensk edilmi kuvvetlerle icr edildii ve maksadn ekseriyyeti tekl eden ahl-i slmiyyeyi ekalliyyete irc ve hatt bsbtn mevcdiyyetlerinin izlesinden ibret olma tahakkuk ediyor. Her ne kadar Ermeniler grdkleri zulm ve itisft karsnda fevern etdiklerini iddi ediyorlarsa da bu iddinn derece-i butlan 93 huddu arknda tesbt ve tevsk edilen tavr ve hareketleri kfi geliyor. Ale-l-huss mehr Ermeni serkerdelerinden Antranikin mfrezesiyle (Nahcivan) havlsinde icr etdii katl-i mmdan artk bzr kalan Ermeni Kolordusu Kumandan General Nazarbekofun Birinci Trk Kolordusu Kumandanlna ibl edilmek zre Ermeni Komisyon Riysetine gnderdii mektb cereyn eden fecyiin derece-i vsati ire ediyor. Generalin mektbuna zeylen Ermeni Komisyonunun t etdii rapor Ermenilerle slmlar arasndaki mnferetin esbb ve avmilini gstermekdedir. Ehemmiyyetlerine binen her iki mektbun tercemesi aynen zrdedir. Gmrde Mstakill Ermeni Komisyonu Riysetine 27/Haziran/1918 Numro 10008 Aldm mlumata gre emirlerime itat etmediinden dolay kumandam altndaki kolordudan btn mfrezesiyle 5/Haziran/918 trihinde tard edilen Antranikin Nahcivan havlsinde hakikaten birok mezlim ve fecy yapmakda olduu Trk Kumandanlna bildirmenizi ric ederim. Osmnl Kumandanl da tab biliyor ki Kahral cenbundaki (Culfa) demir yolu mntakas uzun bir mddet slm eteleri elinde idi. Ben bunlar datmak istedim. Muvaffak olamadm. Mut ahlye zulm eden Ermeni ve slm etelerini datmak zre ben ve Erivan Hkmeti btn relere tevessl ediyorlar. Bunu Trk Kolordusu Kumandan Kzm Karabekir Beye haber verdim. Hudd mntakasnda da ayn arelerin onlar tarafndan alnmasn ben istiyorum. (Kublsara) ve (manamu) kyleri yannda belki yanllk eseri olarak 25/Haziran/1918 de yerli Ermeni Trk ve Tatar mfrezeleri arasnda msdeme olduunu Trk Kumandanlna haber vermenizi ric ederim. Bu gibi vakalarn olmamas iin ne zaman, hangi yoldan, ne kadar ktann ne maksadla geeceini vaktiyle bana bildirmesi meselesine komisyonca halledilmesini ric ederim. Mezkr vakalara benzer vukutn bir daha olmayacan muhakkak bilebilirler. Kolordu Kumandan Nazarbekof

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Osmnl Komisyonu Riysetine 1/Temmuz/34 Zeyl Erivan sancanda milel-i muhtelife bulunduundan son zamanlarda fen neticelerin vki olmas Ermeni ve Osmnl Komisyonunu dndryor akd edilen sulh salam ve devml olmal komuluk mnsebt mevni, kati ve messir bir karr ile kaldrmal bu vakalarn esbbn trih de aramal. 1905 senesinde adem-i muvaffakiyyetle neticelenen Japon Muhrebesinden ve birinci ihtillden sonra hkmetin tesr-i nfz azaldndan dolay Rus Hkmeti bir milleti dier millet aleyhine tevk etdiinden Mvera-y Kafkas dhilinde bulunan Ermeni ve slmlar arasnda vsi mikyasda ilk mnferet balad. Chil ahl ile din mutaassblar bu tevktn kurbn oldular. Kafkasyada slm ve Ermeni arasnda hibir sebeb-i mcbir yok iken bu mnferet balad. (Bak), (Gence), (Erivan) taarruzlarnda mutazarrr olan Ermeni ahl, hkmet tarafndan himye ve muvenet grmedii iin kendi kendilerini muhfazaya mecbr oldular. Yalnz hamd olsun ki bu hl ok srmeden tarafeynin messir siysetleriyle bu gavgalar def edildi. Ve iki millet tekrar rhat yaamaa baladlar. Bu muhrebe mnsebt yeniden gerginledirmedi. Muhrebenin son safhasnda Ermeniler Osmnl mparatorluuyla yalnz muhrebede kald. O zaman mnferet yeniden balad. Bir tarafdan slmlar kendi hemdinlerine yardm etmek istediklerinden ve Ermenilerin kuvvetlenmesinden korkarak Ermeni ordusunun arkasn datmak isteyib demir yollarn ve telgraf hatlarn tahrb etdiler. Yollar kesdiler. Ermeni kylerine asker ktalarna taarruz etdiler. Dier tarafdan Ermeniler bu kuvvetli dmanla muhrebelerinde mdsiz kaldklarndan ok fen tecvzler yapmaa baladlar. Akd edilen sulh bu kanl mcdelt kaldrmal. Ermeniler anladlar ki refh ve sadetleri baka milletlerin tevktnda deil eski komularyla iyi mnsebtda bulunmalarndadr. imdi Ermeni Cumhriyyeti arzsindeki slm ahl ile Osmnl mparatorluu arzsindeki Ermeni ahlsinin istifdelerini dnmeli ve Osmnl ordusunun da Avrupa harbi neticesine kadar menfiini temn etmeli. Osmnl Komisyonu re olarak bir teklfde bulundukca bu teklfden siys, iktisd birok hukuk meseleleri kacak, Ermeni Komisyonu sulh muhede-nmesinin teferrutna karr verebilir. Osmnl Komisyonunun bu teklfini konumaa salhiyyet yokdur. Muhede-nme Ermeni mcvereti arzsindeki slm ahl ile Osmnl mparatorluu arzsindeki Ermeni ahlnin istirhatleri temn ediliyor. Onun yalnz bu hussda mzkere olunmasyla Ermeni Komisyonu md eder ki iyi bir hkmet idresi tekl edilir. Msellh etelerin tecvztna nihyet verilirse ahlnin istirhati temn edilmi olacakdr. 616

Muhcir ahl yerlerine ide edilirse Osmnl mparatorluunun yeni arzsindeki intizm bozulmayacan, Ermeni Komisyonu zanneder. Muhcirlerin silhlarn almalar ve itatsiz olanlar edden tecziye etmelidir. Mut ahlnin yerli hkmetin muhfazas tahtnda yerlerine idelerine ve ileri bana gitmelerine msade olunursa huddun her iki tarafnda intizm ve istirhat temn edilmi olacan gstermei Ermeni Komisyonu vazife addeder. Bu zamanda ufak bir arzde toplanan, mallarn gaib eden, mahsltl arzsinden karlarak dalk arzye srlm olan Ermeni ahl lme mahkmdur. Ve tab bu yzden oralarda intizmszlk, rhatszlk olur. Bunu da bilmelidir ki Ermeni Cumhriyyetine geen (Erivan) sanca ksmnda imdi ahl bal oldu. Erzkszlk idhaltn olmamas ve Erivan sancann en mnbit arzsinin Osmnl Hkmetine gemesi dolaysyla Ermeni milletini vahm ve korkun bir tehlike tehdd ediyor. Ermeni Komisyonu Osmnl Hkmetinin dostluuna inanarak ve Osmnl Ordusu Bakumandannn Ermeni Hkmetini Trkiye tekl etdi ve tab muhfaza edecekdir gibi byk vadini hatrlayarak tasavvur etmiyor ki Trkiye Ermeni milletinin lmn istesin. Komisyon Resi Zakoyof Keiiyef Vekilof Tomaef Muhister

Bu mektblarda slm ahl aleyhinde yaplan mezlim sarhaten tasdk ve itirf olunmakdadr. Bu mezlimin mretteb ve kuva-y muntazama tarafndan idre edilmi ve pek vsi olduu muhakkakdr.

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kinci Ord-y Hmyn Kumandanl Tahrrt 9/7/334 On ikinci Kolordu Kumandanlna 3/7/334 ve 1 nci ube 1803/2155 tahrrta cevbdr. Temmuzun ikinci Sal gecesi de 25-30 kiilik bir Ermeni etesinin Bae ve Islhiye kazlar arasnda birka ky ihrk ve bir mikdr nukd ile mevi aldklar haber alnmas zerine Islhiye Mfrezesi tarafndan takblerine itb ve iki gece devm eden takbtda izlerine tesdf ve temass hsl edilmemesi bi-l-hssa imendifer hattnn ibu dalk ve sarb ksmnda istihdm edilen Ermeni amele ve mstahdeminden tekl etdii etelerle civrda env enat icrsndan sonra tekrr ileri bana geerek izlerini gib etmekde bulunduklarn gstermekde olduundan hi olmazsa imendifer hattnn Islhiye ve Osmniye arasndaki dalk ksmnda istihdm edilen Ermenilerin kaldrlmas lzmu bu kerrede tekiden Harbiyye Nezret-i Cellesine arz edilmidir. Hibir tarafa tabi olmayarak dolaan Ermeni etelerinin slm kyls tarafndan himye edilmeyecei ve her halde izleri bulunaca ikrdr. Ancak tevl etmekde bulunan vukutn sratle men ve mtecsirlerinin def-i tenklleri katiyyen lzmeden olub Mara, Ayntab ve Behisni havlsinde de takbtla itigl eden ordu inzibt mntakalar Islhiyede bulundurduu 40 kiilik nizmiyye mfrezesi ve milislerle o havlnin inzibtn temn etmekde olduundan On ikinci Kolorduca da tertb edilecek bir mfreze ve vilyet jandarma mfrezeleriyle Islhiye -Osmniye imendifer hatt tarafndaki Cebel-i Bereket Mutasarrfl mntakasnn mkemmelen taranlmasn ve ibu mntakada tesdf edilecek Ermeni etelerinin klliyyen def ve der-destleri esbbnn temnini ve netcenin inbsn ric ederim. Islhiye Mfrezesiyle de ibu takbta muvenet ve itirk edilmesi ve kolordu tkib kumandannn emrine girmesi lzmu kinci Ordu nzibt Mntakalar Kumandanlna yazlmdr.

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kinci Ordu nzibt Mntakalar Kumandanlna ifre 996 C. 6/7/334 ve 237 ifreye; 44 nc Frka mntakasnda firr bir neferin takbi iin karlan bir onba ile iki neferin de ntelli civarnda Zincirli ve Sleymanaa kyleri arasnda sazlk iinde Ermeni ekys tarafndan ehd edilmeleri imendifer hattnn ibu dalk ksmndaki amele ve mstahdemden tekl etdikleri etelerin civrda enva- enat icrsndan sonra izlerini gib etmekde olduunu gstermekde bulunduundan, tevl etmekde bulunan vuktn sratle men ve mtecsirlerinin katiyyen def ve tenklleri lzmeden grlm On ikinci Kolorduca da tertb edilecek bir mfreze Adana vilyeti jandarma mfrezeleri ile Islahiye Osmniye imendifer hatt tarafndaki Cebel-i Bereket Mutasarrfl mntakasnn mkemmelen taranlmas ve tesdf edilecek etelerin istslleri lzmu mezkr kolorduya yazlmdr. Islahiye Mfrezesince de ibu takbata itirk edecek ve On ikinci Kolordu Takb Kumandannn emrine girecekdir mercdur.

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Haleb Vilyeti Mektb Kalemi Umm 3065 Huss 285 kinci Ordu Kumandanl Cnib-i lisine Atufetl Efendim Hazretleri Islhiyenin amlk nmndaki ormann tahassungh ittihz ve civr kurya sarkndlk icr eden Ermeni ekys bu kerre hem-hudd bulunan Kilisin Akakend ve Kaman karyelerini basarak katl-i nfs ile berber birok nukd ve hubbt gasb ile firr ve malum- lleri olduu vechle geenlerde de Islhiye mrettebtndan birka jandarma neferini dere iinde katletmiler. Ve taharriyt ve takibt- vakaya ramen ve ormanlarn menat-i kmile-i mevkisine binen der-dest edilemedikleri gibi mevki-i menia-i mezkrede svrilerin hakkyla takbt icr edemeyecekleri anlalarak takbtda terchan piyde jandarma efrdnn istihdm zarri ise de buna da hlen imkn gayr- msid bulunmudur. Sretleri leffen takdm klnan Jandarma Alay Kumandanlnn tezkeresiyle merbtu Kilis Jandarma Kumandanlnn ifre telgraf-nmesinin mtlasndan mstebn buyurulaca vechle icr edilen takbtn hsn-i netceye iktirn temn edilmi olmak iin ord-y smlerinden li-ecl-it tkib o havlye gnderilmi olan inzibt mfrezelerinin takviyesiyle berber Adana vilyetine yazld zre bu kuvvetin gerek oradan karlacak ve gerek Kilisden karlan kuvvetlerle mttehiden ve mtereken takbtn bil-icr bu errlerin tenkli ve syi ve inzibtn temni hussunda cb edenlere emr ve teblg buyurulmasn ric ederim. Ol-bbda emr ve irde hazret-i men leh-lemrindir. 31 Temmuz 334 Haleb Vlisi mz

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Haleb Vilyeti Mektb Kalemi Umm Huss

Islhiyenin amlka yakn olunan huddunu kmilen doladm. Ermeni ekys amlkda olub kuvvetini teksr etmidir. Hudddaki kurdan vergi alr gibi buday sde koyun almakdadrlar. Bu huss iin mezkr kyller her ne sretle ise eky tarafndan aldklar talmat mcibince adem-i malmt beyn ediyorlar. Hkmete veyahd civr kylere ihbr- keyfiyyet eyledikleri takdrde kylerini ihrk ve kendilerini itlf edeceklerini sylemilerdir. Elleriyle erzk teslm edib bir ey sylememee mahkmdurlar. Dhile doru bir ksm kurnn ileri gelenleri eky iin hafiyyen erzk toplamakdadrlar. Muhbirler vstasyla erzk verip de adem-i malmt beyn edenlerin bir ksmn der-destle Kilise sevk etdim. Eky amlkda klliyyetli erzk iddihr etmekdedir. Karakoldan ve merkezden celb edebildiim on jandarma ile bu gece pusu tertb edeceim amlk civrndaki kylerde nizmiye ktatndan bir mfreze ikmesi kabil olamad takdrde silh tevzi edilmesi ment- rey-i lileri bulunduu marzdur.

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Ayntab 7/9/34 kinci Ordu Kumandanlna amlk civrnda bir mddet Ermeni etelerinin takbi ile get gzr edib hastalna mebn ahren avdet eden Ayntab Jandarma Kumandannn tahkktna nazaran Ermeni ekysna saka-i menfaatle mzheret edenlerin Islhiyenin Sakayz karyesinde aniydan ve fevk-al-de erbb- nfzdan Hurid Aa ile akrabasndan Kilisin Karasret karyesinden olub hnesinde Ermeni etesinin resinin zevcesiyle ocuk tutulan ve elyevm ilesiyle firrda bulunan Efendi ve Kilisin Akakend karyesinden Battal Aa ve Islhiyede aniydan Hac Aa nm kimseler olduklarn beyn etmekdedir. Bunlardan Hac Aann Ermeni ekysnn gasb eyledikleri 627

eyy mbyaa sretiyle mstefd olduu ve dierlerinin de bu yzden pek oklar istifde etdikleri ve Hurid Aann kendinde birok msellh adam istihdm eyledii mstahber klndndan haklarnda icbi-i mumelenin emr buyrulmas marzdur. kinci Ordu nzibat Mntakalar Kumandan kif

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On ikinci Kolordu Kumandanl ube 1 Aded 2061 Mstaceldir Adana 12/8/1334 kinci Ordu Kumandanlna Hulsa: Gvur Dandaki etelere yataklk eden ehsn taht- tevkfe alnmasna dir. 44 nc Frka Kumandanlndan mevrd ve mnderict son derece clib-i nazar- dikkat olan rapor sreti leffen takdm klnmdr. Haleb stasyonunda mstahdem ve esmsi mezkr raporda mnderc bulunan ehsn taht- tevkfe alnarak oraca ifde-i evveliyyelerinin zabt ve yaplmakda olan tahkikta mhimm bir ess olmak zre zerlerinin ve hnelerinin taharrsi ile elde edilecek evrkla birlikte Osmniyeye izmlar ve-yhd oraca z-medhal olanlarn tekessr dolaysyla Osmniyeye izmlar ciz grlmedii takdrde Halebde teekkl edecek heyet mrifetiyle tahkikt- lzme icrs ment- rey-i lleri bulunduu ve Islhiye stasyon Kumandan Mlzm- evvel emseddin Efendi hakknda dahi takbt- kanniyye icrs iin Osmniyeye izm zmnnda Haleb Hat Komiserliine emr buyurulmas marzdur. 12 nci Kolordu Kumandan Fahreddin Sret Islhiyede taht- tevkfe alnanlar, Islhiyeden avdetimde berberce Osmniyeye getirilmi ve burada isticvbta balanlmd. Islhiye stasyonu Mdr-i Sbk Sbit s Efendi de pederi ile berber 8-9/8/34 gecesi Halebden gelmi ve bunlar da geceli gndzl isticvb ve dierleriyle muvcehe edilmi ve buradaki mevkfne aid isticvbt bugn tamamyla hitm bulmudur. Bidyetde gerek istasyon mdri, gerekse dierleri meseleden bhaber olduklarn iddi ve klliyyen inkr etmilerse de bade her eyi birer 633

birer sylemee mecbr kalmlar ve tamamyla itirf etmilerdir. Esn-y isticvbda birok hakayk meydna karlm ve bi-l-hassa stasyon Mdri Sbit Efendiden pek ziyde yn- ehemmiyyet olan ber-vech-i t malmt elde edilmidir: 1. Halebde Ermeni etelerine id ileri idre ve bunlar iin lzmu olan her trl malzemeyi ihzr eden bir heyet mevcddur. Bu heyetin resi el-yevm Haleb imendifer Merkez Mdri Mhendis Der-sadetli Muzaffereddin Basmacyandr. (Bu adam evvelce Halebde Ermeni Mektebinde muallim imi) iki de azs olub birisi Halebde iletme irketi kasadr Der-sadetli Papasyan, dieri Haleb istasyon telgraf memrlarndan Maral Karamanyandr. z miynnda bulunmayan ve fakat bu ilerden tamamiyle haberdr olan bir de yine Haleb stasyonunda Telgraf Balabanyan vardr. 2. Bu Muzaffereddin (Basmacyan) ayn zamanda imendifer bamdrinin tercemanl vazfesini f etmekde ve Halebde en byk mevki shibi olan adamlarla dim temassda ve bi-l-hssa Halebin en mehr zenginlerinden ve Ermeni milletinden tccr (Toma birderler) le her an berber bulunmakdadr. 3. Halebde muhtelif vstalarla tedrik edilen silh ve ceb-hneler ve erzk Muzaffereddin ve rfeks tarafndan teslm alnarak Haleb stasyonunda mnsib bir mahlle depo edilmekde, bade bunlar evvelce isimleri arz edilen ve eln Osmniyeye gnderilmeyen ateiler vstasyla Islhiyeye nakl olunmakda ve buradan da mm-ileyh Sbit s Efendi vstsyla tevzi olunmakdadr. 4. Bu sretle nakledilmekde olan silh ve ceb-hnelerin hibir sretle yoklama ve tefti edilmemesi Muzaffereddin tarafndan temn edilmi olduundan esn-y nakilde hibir endieleri yokdur. 5. Muzaffereddin pek cesr bir adam olmadndan her eyi imendifer Bamdri Alman milletinden svireli Msy ven Dnerke istind ederek yapmakda, bu sevkiytdan ve etelere id ilerden mdr-i mm-ileyhin de malmt bulunmakdadr. 6. Islhiye Mdr-i Sbk Sabit s Efendinin kendisine tevdi edilen vezifi tammyle f etdii takdrde Muzaffereddin tarafndan Haleb imendifer Mlk Komiseri Rum milletinden Altuntop nmndaki adama ve Bamfettilik Baktibi Yahdi milletinden Kara Kipellara tavsiye edilerek fevk-al-deden olarak terakk ve tefeyyz etdirilecei vad edilmidir. 7. u sretle Halebden yaplan sevkiytdan baka Bae ve Meydn Ekbez stasyonlarnda ekseriyyetle fazla vagonlar kesmek mecbriyyeti hsl olduundan mezkr istasyonlarda alkonulan ceb-hne ve esliha vagonlarndan da lzmu kadar esliha ve ceb-hne arlmakda ve bunlar Meydn- Ekbezden ve Baeden Islhiyeye gelen palas ve su trenlerine konularak Makinist Hayk ve Sivasl Makinist Vahan, Atei Hasanbeylili Erkil vstasyla nakl olunmakda ve hatt bazen ekmek uvallarnn altna 634

ceb-hne konularak gizlemekde ve bunlar Islhiye Anbar Bekisi Geyveli Anesti vstasyla anbara konularak muhfaza edilmekdedir. 8. Bunlardan baka ceb-hne nakliytyla itigl eden ve Tahtakpr ile Ayran arasnda ileyen su treninde ateilik yapan Hasanbeylili Tarak olu zik ile Ayran ile Islhiye arasnda ileyen palas treninde eftrenlik vazfesini f eden Kartall Balazban vardr. Bunlar getirdikleri ceb-hneyi Krdbae stasyonu Mdriyle el-yevm taht- tevkfde bulunan Islhiye Sbk stasyon Mdrine teslm etmekde ve buralardan etelere gnderilmekdedir. Yarba stasyonu Telgrafs Hariryani de bu nakliytdan mkemmelen malmtdrdr. Bir de el-yevm kumpanya emrinde olduu halde bazen Meydn- Ekbez stasyonunda bazen Tahtakprde dolaan Hasanbeylili Markor olu Koa ile Meydn- Ekbez stasyonunda demircilik yapan yine Hasanbeylili Artin olu Agob mevcddur. Bunlardan birisi evvelce ekylar miynnda iken bundan hemn be alt ay evvel ayrlarak kumpanyaya kaydedilmi olub el-yevm her ikisi de ceb-hne ve esliha tedrikiyle megl olmakdadrlar. 9. Gerek Haleb cihetinden gerekse Bae ve Ayran taraflarndan muhtelf vstalarla eky nmna Islhiyeye nakledilmekde olan silh ve ceb-hnelerden el-yevm Islhiye stasyonu Kumandanlnda bulunan Mlzm- evvel emseddin Efendinin de malmt olduu ve hatt gelen esliha ve ceb-hnelerin ksmen istasyon kumandan nmna bakkallk eden smil avuun dkknnda muhfaza edildii halde hibir ses karmamasnn esbb kendisinin de ekser zamanlar Islhiye stasyonunda kalan esliha ve ceb-hne vagonlarndan Islhiye stasyonu Mdr-i Sbk Sbit Efendi ile birlikde istasyonda sevk memrluu vazfesini f eden Ermeni milletinden Rupen nmndaki neferle stasyon Makascs kr Osmn ve dim yannda bulunan Mehmed Ali avu dhil olduu hlde silh ve ceb-hne ararak beer lir-y Osmnye (Altunpara) gizlice kyllere sattrmakda ve bu sretle toplanan paralar aralarnda taksm etmekde olmalarndan dolay mm-ileyh her hussda istasyon mdriyle dier memrne kar pek mahkm bir vaziyyetde kalmasndan ileri gelmekdedir. 10. Bu etelerin vazfesi ve takib edilen gye, Amanos dalarnda, Islhiye, Pazarck, Kilis, Mara ve Zeytn havlsinde her trl tahrbt yapmak, evvelce tebd edilen ve son zamanlarda mahall-i menflarndan kaarak birer sretle Halebe gelmekde olan Ermenilerin kendilerine iltihkn temn ederek teklt tevs etmek ve bu hl-i muhrebenin hitmna kadar temdd etdirmek ve netcede havl-i mezkrede kk bir Ermenistan vcda getirmekdir.

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Dokuzuncu Ordu Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyyesi 1 nci ube Huss 3972 Umm 8758 ark Ordular Grubu Kumandanlna

Kars 25/8/34

Rmiyenin tarafmzdan igli esnsnda bir Amerika misyon heyeti grld. Bu heyetin tekilt ve maksad hakknda u malmat elde edildi: Amerika Hkmeti halen de Tebrizde bulunan Doktor Vanemana para gnderiyor. Bu para Rmiyedeki misyon heyetine geliyor. Evvelce bu heyetin resi ve ilahiyt muallimi iken bilhire Rmiyede fahr Amerika Viskonsolosluunu da f etmi olan Doktor at ald paralar Rmiyede Hkmet-i Osmniyye aleyhine icr-y hareket eden ve Ermenistan Hkmetiyle akdedilmi olan sulhe de rz olmayan ve bu sretle Ermeni Hkmetine de s bulunan Ermeni ve Nasturi ekylarnn tekl, tensk, techzine sarf etmi ve bu kileri beslemi, istihdm etmi ve yapdklar btn fecyia-i mezlime de riyset etmidir. Bu keyfiyyet bugn Rmiyede nezretimiz altnda bir hastahnede Ermeni ve Nasturi mecrhlarn tedv eden Amerikal doktorlar tarafndan itirf edilmekdedir. Rmiye tccarlar Doktor atn ba-zn tccrlardan karzen aldklar paraya mukbil Tebrizdeki Doktor Vaneman nmna havle verdiini ve mezkr tccrlarn da paralarn Doktor Vanemandan aldklarn sylyorlar. Rmiyede esir edilen Rus zabitn da kendi malarnn Amerika Konsolosluu (Doktor at) vstasyla Tebrizden gelmekde olduunu itirf ediyorlar. Esasen memleketimizin ekser taraflarnda mevcd olan bu kabl komisyon tekltnn vazfe ve maksadlarnn zhiren taht- idarelerinde bulunan bir hastahne, bir mekteb bir yetim-hnenin idresi ve hakikatde ise Hristiyanlarn himayesi ve efkr- fside ve isyniyenin ner ve tammi ve slmln imhs olduu malmdur. Binen aleyh: Doktor atn kendi memleketimizde Ermeni ve Nasturi etelerini Hkmet-i Osmniyye aleyhine tekl, techz ve istihdm ve ahl ve sera-y slmiyye hakknda irtikb edilen btn cinyetleri sevk ve idare etdii ve Doktor Vanemann matlb paray tedrik ve it etdii ve dier doktorlarn da umr- hayriyyeye sarf etdiklerini syledikleri paralar da ayn eller vstasyla aldklarndan dolay Doktor atla bu crm ifda mterek olduklar bu sretle tahakkuk etmi oluyor. 639

Amerikallarn ran arzsinde bu kadar zamandan beri aleyhimize irtikb etdikleri bu cinyetleri ve hynet-i harbiyyeyi kef ve men ve hi olmazsa protesto etmemesi dolaysyla b-taraflk hukukuna riyet etmemi olan ran Hkmeti zarret-i askeriyyeden dolay taht- iglimize geen mntakada menafi-i askeriyyemizin temn-i selmeti iin bi-z-zt kef ve tedkk ve taharrimiz netcesinde der-dest etdiimiz bu cinyetin cezsn biz-zt vermekliimiz hakknda bize kar hibir hakk iddia edemez. Eer bu Amerikallar divn- harbe tevd edersek irtikb ettikleri crmn hynet-i harbiyye olmas dolaysyla idm derecesinde mahkm olacaklar ve bunlarn bu sretle tecziyeleri de hkmetimizin ran dhilindeki nfz- siysisini takviye ve ranlerden aleyhimizde alacak adamlarn adedini tahdd edecei bhesizdir. Fakat bilhire diplomasiye intikl edecei muhakkak olan bu meselenin bu ekilde halledilmesinin hkmetimizin Amerikallar hakknda takb etmek istedii siysete muhlif olmamas ve bir mkilta sebebiyyet vermemesi maksadyla keyfiyyetin evvel emirde stanbuldan sorulmas cb etmekdedir. Halen Rmiyede bulunan doktor, bir memr ve birka Amerikal kadndan mrekkeb olan misyon mevkf olmayb bir seyyr hastahnemizle birlikde mtereken alarak krk kadar Ermeni ve Nasturi yaralsn tedv etmekde ve yalnz nezaretimiz altnda bulunmakdadrlar. Doktor at aklerle berber kamdr. Misyonun bizden grdkleri hsn-i mumele ve himye hakkndaki teekkrtn mir olarak orduya ve sve Sefaretine hitben yazdklar mektblar posta ile celb edilmekdedir. Taht- idrelerinde bulunan yetim-hnede dokuz kadar ocuk vardr. Yaknda Ermeni ve Nasturi mecrhlarnn tedvleri ve bu sretle bu heyetin vazfesi hitm bulacak ve mntakadaki Ermeni ve Nasturiler de kmilen firr etdiklerinden dolay bunlarn yapacaklar baka bir ide kalmayacakdr. Bunlarn aleyhimize yapm olduklar blda marz hynetlere kar il-nihye Rmiyede, Tebrizde serbeste kalmalar gezmeleri de ciz deildir. cbnn emir ve irdesi marzdur. Dokuzuncu Ordu Kumandan Mr-liv evk

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Dokuzuncu Ordu Kumandanl Erkn- Harbiyyesi 1 nci ube 4098 3445 ark Ordular Grubu Kumandanlna

Kars 29-8-34

Ermenistan dhilinde firr ederek Dokuzuncu Frka Kararghna gelen iki Mslimnn ifdesine nazaran Antranikin Zengezor havlsinde bulunan kuvvetleri on be gn mukaddem Arpa mevkii imlindeki Savur ve Darlaski havlsine gelmi ve Maliki; Keikend; Hasankend kyleri mntakasnda bulunuyormu. Antranik de imdiki hlde Hasankend kynde imi. Hudd hricine kartdmz Ermeniler de Antranik kuvvetlerine iltihk ederek havl-i mezkrede slmlara her trl zulm ve cef icr etmekde ve evlerinden kartarak ala mahkm edilmekde ve muhceretlerine de msade edilmemekdedir. Hatta bu iki adam otuz erkek kadar arkadalaryla bu tarafa firr ederken Antranik kuvvetleri bunlarn yollarn keserek zerlerine te etmi, ancak bu ikisi kurtulmulardr. Ve mtebksinin ne olduu belli deildir. Hatta kylerinden kmayan ve toplu bulunan slm ahlye kar top istiml etdiklerini mezkr iki Mslimn sylemidir. Binen aleyh bu husus ve bi-l-hssa bu mntaka hakknda evvelce de arz edildii vechle slmlarn Ermenistan dhilinde vaziyyetleri fevk-al-de elm bir hl almdr. Ve Ermenilerin bu tarz hareketleriyle bir ay sonra memleketlerinde hibir slm brakmamak ve dhilen serbestledikden sonra zemn-i faliyyet ve teebbslerini huddun bu tarafna kadar tevsi etmek maksadn takb etdikleri anlalmakda olduunu arz ederim. Dokuzuncu Ordu Kumandan Mr-liv evk

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25 Eyll 334 Harbiyye Nezret-i Cellesine ifre Haleb imendifer Kumpanyas Mdri iken Ermeni eteleriyle alkadar olduundan dolay maznnen bu kerre tevkf edilerek Osmniyede mezkr eteler hakkndaki tahkiktn icrsna memr heyet-i tahkkiyye nezdine izm klnan Msy vendererin yerine muvakkaten tayn klnan Msy Helfikere devr ve teslm eyledii evrk ve mahrem dosyalardan clib-i dikkat olanlar bazlarnn muhteviyyt: a) Kumpanyann Haleb ubesi tarafndan son ay zarfnda be bin liralk bir mestre sarfiytna; b) Kumpanya kasas vstasyla Msy Cerman nmna krk elli bin lirann vrd ve sarfna; c) Kumpanya hesbna olarak hatt gzer-ghnda ve Halebde itir edilecek arsa ve mebn ve iftlikta dir olub; bunlardan (a) fkrasndaki dosyann hkmete hi yn- rz olmayan baz hussta muavenet-i nakdiyye hakknda olmas ve (b) de muharrer krk elli bin lirann sarfna id dosyann da dhil-i memleketden evrk- nakdiyye toplanmak veya Avrupaya zahre karlmak husstna mteallik bulunmas aleb-i ihtiml bulunduu ve bu dosyalardan baka kumpanyann zt mahss mahrem dosyalar dahi mevcd olub bunlar Osmniyeye sevk olunan Mdr-i Sbk Msy venderer tarafndan bir kasa dernuna vaz edilerek ve kapadlarak anahtar mm-ileyh yedinde kald ve bu dosyalarn mahremiyyet-i katyyesine mebn yalnz asleten tayn olunacak mdrana verilebileceini Msy venderer beyn etmi olduu cihetle bunlar miynnda da etelere id ve-yhd menfi-i millet ve hkmete mnfi baz mevdd ve muhbertn mevcdiyyeti kaviyyen meml olduundan pek mhimm olan bu dosyalarn kmilen ve yegn yegn tedkiki lzmunu arz eylerim. Tensb-i smlerine iktirn etdii takdrde bu bbda orduya mezniyyet t ve kumpanyaya da teblgt fsna msade buyurulmas ehemmiyyetle marzdur.

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Osmanl Ord-y Hmynu Bakumandanlk Erkn- Harbiyye Riyseti ube 6/7/34 Dokuzuncu Ordu Kumandanlna ifre: Erzurum fecyiinde crmleri tebeyyn edib de muhkemeleri hitm bulduu bildirilen yz yirmi be Ermeninin idm edilmeyerek bir mahallde muhfazalar evvelce yazlmd. bu Ermenilerin Erzincandan Gmr havlsine ideleri mukarrer olan Ermeni kafileleri miynnda sevkleri ve netceden malmt ts.

---------Osmanl Ord-y Hmynu Bakumandanlk Vekleti ube Numro

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Karsdan Harbiyye Nezret-i Cellesine mevrd 5684 numrolu ifredir. C. 5-6/11/34 numro 10785 ifreye: Erzurum fecyiinde medhl-dr olmala mahkm ve Erzurumda mevkf olan yirmi sekiz Ermeni Karsa bi-l-celb Erivana sevk ve ide edilmi olduklar marzdur. Harekt 5684 20/11/34 Dokuzuncu Ordu Kumandan evk

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Bunlarn kmilen hazrlk komisyonuna da verilmesi Osmanl Ord-y Hmyunu Bakumandanl Vekleti 11838 Karsdan Harbiyye Nezret-i Cellesine mevrd ifredir. 1- Ermeni ktatnn Erivan cenb- arksinde ve imendifer yolunun hemn arkndaki mntakada bulunan Vedi ve Sdrak karyeleri civrna gelerek ahl-i slmiyyeyi katletdikleri ve res-y mehre-i efrddan Ali zde Demir Beyle Fethi Bey zde Bedri Beylerin de bu maktln miynnda bulunduklar ve be alt yz kadar slm ahlsinin Aras nehri sa shiline geerek perin bir halde Byezide doru gelmekde ve Ermenilerin Sdrakn daha cenbundaki Hanihalara doru slmlar keserek ilerlemekde olduklar. 2- Ermenilerden Payon nm serkerde maiyyetindeki bin iki yz mevcdlu bir kuvvetle 5/12/34 trihinden itibren Nahcvan civrndaki slmlara icr-y mezlime balayarak Nahcvann krk kilometre imlindeki Elmal nm mahallde alt yz seksen sekiz ve bu kyn on iki kilometre garb- imalsinde Agu nm mahallde be yz on alt kiiyi katleyledikleri ve gen kadnlar ayrdkdan sonra iki bin kiiyi (ifre) toplayarak kmilen katletdikleri ve ayrca krk kadn ve ocuu bir odada habs ile ihrk ve erfdan Seyyid Hseyinin ilesinin ky camiinde nmsunu hetk eyledikleri ve tekml bu havl slmlarnn korkularndan mesken ve mevalarn terk ederek soua, ala mahkm olduklar ve Amiyatzin cenbundaki kyler ahlsinin erzklar Ermeniler tarafndan gasb edildii ve Erivann on be kilometre cenbunda Hacilyas karyesi aas ile iki refkinin Erivana celb ile idm olunduklar ve yirmi be kiinin de mahall-i mechle tebd edildikleri ve Erivanda Tepeba Hacturzalar ve Gayribulak nmndaki slm mahallelerinin ihrk edildii mevskan istihbr edildi. Bu hussda Ermeni Hkmeti nezdinde teebbstda bulunuldu ise de Dersadetdeki tilf Heyetinin de nazar- dikkatlerinin insniyyete mnf olan bu fecyi ve mezlime celb ve bu k gn tevl etmekde olan bu vahetlere nihyet verilmesi esbbnn istikml buyurulmasn istirhm ederim. 27 Knn- evvel 34 Harekt 6052 9 ncu Ordu Kumandan evk

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