Master of Science in Nutrition and Integrative Health

Tai Sophia Institute ISci 626 Section 2: Nutritional Biochemistry Summer 2012 - 3 credits Faculty: Lead Faculty: Luigi M. De Luca ldeluca@jhsph.edu Schedule: Date 5/23 Time 5:306:45 Lecture and Corresponding Reading Instructor/Course philosophy and expectations, syllabus. The chemistry in Nutritional Biochemistry: alcohols, thiols, aldehydes, acids, aminoacids; esters, thioesters,anhydrides and amides; glycosides, aglycons and others prosthetic groups; lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids; proteins, glycoproteins and lipoproteins. The building of some of these structures with atomic models. (Chapter 1) The cell, its organelles and their functional aspects: the cell surface, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, the mitochondrion, the lysosomes,the nucleus and its nucleoli,the splicing factor compartment. (Chapter 1, pp. 31-32, 38-41) Essential and non-essential aminoacids. The building of aminoacids with atomic models. The genetic Code and its degeneracy (p.37-38); selenocysteine (pp.21, 825-6) and cysteine (as structural components of redox enzymes; phosphor-aminoacids in proteins. (Chapter 1, pp. 16-22, p. 38 for genetic code; Chapter 2, pp. 88-91) Gene composition and replication: DNA and RNA; bases, nucleosides and nucleotides; building with atomic models. Polymerases and Nucleic Acid synthesis, PCR reactions and nucleic acid restriction enzymes; (pp. 32-37, Figs. 1.4, 1.5, 1.6) How nutrients modulate DNA synthesis and transcription: Folic acid p. 494; Retinoic acid, Vitamin D3, Fatty Acids and their receptors, concepts of gene knockout and knockin (FA in 399, 585-88, 653; RA I 560-1; Vitamin D3-Receptor in 575, 588-89; FA and PPARs pp. 399, 585-6). Ribosomal, transfer, messenger and small RNAs. Can dietary small RNAs from plants act in mammals? The tRNA of Selenocysteine. (pp. 34, 34, 38, 32-37, 40, 333) and posted reprint on small RNAs. Can toxins in the diet cause DNA mutations? Which dietary components may act as mutants and teratogens. (Chapter 11, p. 916). Lecture and Corresponding Reading Instructor L. De Luca

5/23

7:008:15 5:306:45

L. De Luca

5/30

L. De Luca

5/30

7:008:15

L. De Luca

6/6

5:306:45

L. De Luca

6/6

7:008:15 1:252:40 Time

L. De Luca

6/12

L. De Luca

Date

Instructor

Master of Science in Nutrition and Integrative Health

6/12 6/12 2:504:05 4:155:30 Coenzymes and their functions: Kinetic considerations in enzyme activity (pp. 43-47) Carbohydrates of the cell surface: their synthesis, composition, functions and interactive capacities with the extracellular space components including cell to cell interactions, relevance to Blood Groups. Building simple sugars with atomic models. (pp. 49-50, 116). Vitamin A: Absorption and storage; binding proteins, embryogenesis and cell differentiation, the visual cycle, hazards of excess intake (Chapter 9). Vitamin D: Biosynthesis, Calcium and Phosphate metabolism, regulation of transcription (Chapter 9). Synopsis and general concepts. Mid-term exam Mid-term exam Vitamin K: Its cycle, Blood clotting cascade, Anticoagulation cascade, warfarin and heparin. Vitamin E: Antioxydant and atherosclerosis (Chapter 9). The biochemistry of Folates, 1-Carbon metabolism, Purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis Folic acid and neural tube defects (Chapter 9). Triglycerides; Fatty acid metabolism; Arachidonic acid cascade pp. 218-219;, 228; 285-287; 400-644 Vitamin B12 and Niacin (Chapter 9). ATP and congeners: their essential functions in metabolism Coenzymes and their functions: Kinetic considerations in enzyme activities The AHR system: Cytochromes and their function in drug and vitamin disposition (paper posted) Glucuronidation and other reactions in drug disposal (paper posted). Glucose: Structure, isomerization, activation, utilization L. De Luca L. De Luca

6/20 6/20 6/24 6/24 6/24 6/27 6/27 7/11 7/11 7/18 7/18 7/29 7/29 7/29

5:306:45 7:008:15 8:309:45 9:5511.10 11:2012:35 5:306:45 7:008:15 5:306:45 7:008:15 5:306:45 7:008:15 1:252:40 2:504:05 4:155:30

L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca

Date

Time

Lecture and Corresponding Reading

Instructor 2

Master of Science in Nutrition and Integrative Health

8/1 8/1 8/8 8/8 8/11 8/11 8/11 5:306:45 7:008:15 5:306:45 7:008:15 1:252:40 2:504:05 4:155:30 Building with atomic models (Chapter 2, Fig. 2.47 and 2.48; Chapter 4, pp. 185-191). Glycogen: Synthesis, storage, utilization (Chapter 5). Cholesterol synthesis and regulation; the atherogenic process and its inhibition. (Chapter 6). Homocystein: its biochemistry and relevance to the atherogenic process pp. 551-553 Student discussion Final exam Final exam L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca L. De Luca

Purpose: This course provides students with an understanding of biochemical processes, such as DNA, RNA and protein synthesis with particular emphasis on the function of essential nutrients in these processes and their importance in promoting good health and preventing disease. The course covers nutritionally important aspects of carbohydrate and fat metabolism, mineral and vitamin function, and introduces essential concepts of molecular biology, such as PCR reactions and nucleic acid restriction enzymes and their use in biochemistry and molecular biology. The course includes concepts of gene knockin and knockout and their consequences. These are compared to the consequences of nutrient deficiency and excess to give the nutrition student a full appreciation of the relevance of nutritional biochemistry studies and approaches in a wellness center. The course emphasizes the importance of nutritional management and prevention of different diseases like cardiovascular, obesity, osteoporosis, etc. It also teaches the important interplay between essential nutrients and the synthesis of various hormones. Objectives: To successfully pass this course, the student shall: 1. Demonstrate a working knowledge of important biochemical processes, such as DNA, RNA and protein synthesis; 2. Appreciate the role that different essential nutrients play in these and other life processes in higher organism with special emphasis on the human organism; 3. Demonstrate an understanding of fundamental processes that permit the maintenance of nutrient homeostasis in higher organisms; 4. Demonstrate a foundational knowledge of how essential nutrients govern the utilization of other nutrients and how they may control hormone synthesis and function; Outcomes: At the end of this course the student will:

Master of Science in Nutrition and Integrative Health

1. Have an enhanced knowledge of how nutrients contribute to the buildup and healthy maintenance of body structure and function. 2. Have a developing understanding of how essential nutrients guide the formation and maintenance of the body plan starting with the development of the embryo and going on to maintenance of healthy and functional tissues in the adult. 3. Develop foundational knowledge in biochemistry for future healthcare practice, understanding biochemical aspects of life processes and how they are optimized by appropriate nutritional practices. Prerequisites: ISci521 or Isci624 or equivalent Organic or Biological Chemistry course Reading list: Required text: Brody, T. (1999). Nutritional Biochemistry (2nd ed). Berkeley: Academic Press. ISBN 13-978-0-12-134836-6, 1999. Recommended reading: 1. Wald, G. (1967). The molecular basis of visual excitation. Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1967, pp. 292-315. 2. Freeze H.H. (2006) Genetic defects in the human glycome. Nature Reviews Genetics, 7, 537551. 3. Holick, M.F. (2007). Vitamin D Deficiency, New England Journal of Medicine, 357, 266-81. 4. Virmani, A.K., Rathi, A., Zochbauer-Muller, S. et al. (2000). Promoter Methylation and Silencing of the Retinoic Acid Receptor-B Gene in Lung Carcinomas. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 92, 13037. 5. Darwiche, N. et al. (1993). Retinoid Status Controls the Appearance of Reserve Cells and Keratin Expression in Mouse Cervical Epithelium. Cancer Research, 53, 2287-2289. 6. Enig, M. G (2000). Know Your Fats: the Complete Primer for Understanding the Nutrition of Fats, Oils and Cholesterol. Silver Spring: Bethesda Press. Materials: Bring to class the textbook; hard copies of slides provided by instructor (Melissa Huselton); copies of assigned reading material not in textbook. Outside Study: Every session will require approximately 3-4 hours of studying. Assignments & Evaluation: Attendance and class participation 45%, Mid-term and final exam 55%. Attendance & Tardiness Policy: Attendance and participation in class are essential for meeting the outcomes and objectives of this course and the program as a whole. It is the students responsibility to stay up-to-date on any missed coursework, regularly checking the course website for updates. If you miss a class, you are responsible for contacting a classmate so they can inform you about what was missed and collect

Master of Science in Nutrition and Integrative Health

any handouts for you. Absences may require that students do extra work to make up for missed material. Plagiarism, Information Literacy & Appropriate Referencing of Sources: Plagiarism: Plagiarism, defined as using the published or unpublished works or ideas of another without properly citing the material used and its source, or presenting another persons work as your own, is an infraction of Tai Sophia Institutes academic honesty policy. Please carefully note all reference sources on your assignments. Information Literacy: Students who are unable to complete homework because of challenges with information literacy skills are asked to seek assistance in the library. The library offers training sessions and support for development of these skills. In some cases, students may be required to complete training sessions in order to pass a course if they demonstrate an inability to meet the demands of the assigned coursework.