SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

PROJECT MANAGEMENT-II

SUBMITTED BY:

SHISHUPAL SINGH

SPA/NS/BEM/526 School of Planning & Architecture, New Delhi

SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

1. O REFERENCES o References to standards i) Is: 432 (Part I) 1982 Indian Standard Specification for Mild Steel and Medium Tensile Steel Bars and Hard-Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement. Part I: Mild Steel and Medium Tensile Steel Bars (Third Revision). ii) Is 8 432 (Part II) 1982 Indian Standard Specification for Mild Steel and Medium Tensile Steel Bars and hard-Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement. Part II Hard-Drawn Steel Wire (Third Revision). iii) IS: 1786-1979: Indian Standard Specification for Cold-Worked Steel High Strength Deformed Bars for Concrete Reinforcement. iv) IS: 1786-1966: Indian Standard Specification for Cold Twisted Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement. v) IS: 1566-1982: Indian Standard Specification for Hard Drawn Steel Wire Fabric for Concrete Reinforcement. vi) IS :1786-1985: (Superseding IS : 1139-1966) Indian Standard Specification for High Strength Deformed Steel Bars And Wires for Concrete Reinforcement. vii) IS : 5525 1969: Recommendations for detailing of Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete works. viii) IS:2502-1999: Code of Practice for Bending and Fixing of Bars for Concrete Reinforcement. ix) IS: 9077-1979: Code of Practice for Corrosion Protection of Steel Reinforcement in Reinforced Brick and Reinforced Cement Concrete Construction x) IS: 10790(Part I):1984: Methods of Sampling of Steel for Pre-stressed and Reinforced Concrete xi) SP: 34 (S&T)-1987; Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement detailing xii) Commentary on CPWD Specifications: Cement Concrete Work

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

2.0

SCOPE OF WORK

The types of reinforcement bars included in the scope of the study are: Mild Steel Medium Tensile Steel Bars High Strength Deformed Steel Thermo-Mechanically Treated Bars Hard Drawn Steel Wires

2.1 The scope covers definitions of terms relating to concrete reinforcement. 2.2 The scope covers the requirements of mild steel and medium tensile steel plain bars in round and square sections for use as reinforcement in concrete. 2.3 The scope covers the requirements of hard-drawn steel wire of medium strength for use as reinforcement in concrete. 2.4 The scope covers the requirements for hard-drawn steel wire fabric consisting of harddrawn steel wire with cross wires electrically welded to them for use as concrete reinforcement. 2.5 The scope covers the requirements of deformed steel bars and wires for use as reinforcement in concrete, in the following three strength grades: Fe 415 Fe 500 Fe 550 2.6 The scope covers symbols and approximate dimensions of bends, and bending and fixing procedures for reinforcement. 2.7 The scope covers the general requirements of detailing of reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures. The recommendations may be applied to all reinforced concrete structures with suitable modifications as may be necessary. 2.8 The scope deals with the protection of reinforcement from corrosion in reinforced brick (RB) and reinforced cement concrete (RCC) construction.

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

3.0 RELATED WORKS o Formwork

o
o

o o

The formwork shall be designed and constructed so as to remain sufficiently rigid during placing of reinforcement bars and concrete and compaction of concrete. ( IS 6461 : Part 5 : 1972) All rubbish, particularly chippings, shavings and saw dust shall be removed the interior of the forms. The face of the formwork in contact with the concrete shall be cleaned and treated with form release agent.( In the concrete construction industry, form release agents prevent the adhesion of freshly placed concrete to the forming surface, usually plywood, overlaid plywood, steel or aluminum). Form release agent should be applied so as to provide a thin uniform coating to the form without coating the reinforcement.

Conduiting o The conduiting of CI pipes for electrical shall be laid as per electrical layout drawings after the placing of reinforcement bars. o Nowhere should it be placed under the reinforcement bars as it may collapse under the load of the reinforcement.

Care should be taken not to displace the position of the conduits while working. o Concreting o The concrete shall be deposited as neatly as practicable in its final position to avoid rehandling. o There should not be displacement of any reinforcement or movement of formwork while placing concrete. o 4.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS o Submittal of shop drawings: Not relevant o Requirement of qualified staff: The contractor shall appoint well qualified staffs who would execute the work on site. The persons should have special expertise and skills to carry out the required work. o Requirement of tools and equipment: The required tools and equipment for carrying out the works shall be arranged by the contractor. The tools and plant shall be used to satisfy time, cost and quality parameters of work. o General handling, storage and protection requirements
o Steel reinforcement stored at the work site shall be placed on platforms, skids, or other supports. This is done so that contact with the ground is avoided and the material is protected from mechanical damage and/or corrosion The space for storage of material shall be provided by the owner.
M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

o
SHISHUPASL SINGH

SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

o The steel reinforcement shall be stored by the contractor at site of work in such a way as to prevent distortion and corrosion and nothing extra shall be paid on this account. Bars of different sizes and lengths shall be stored separately to facilitate easy counting and checking. Contractor shall make arrangements for the protection of the materials.

o Environmental requirements:
o o Lighting levels shall be maintained at the work place. If natural light is no accessible, then artificial lighting shall be provided at no extra cost by the contractor to ensure quality of work

5.0 MATERIALS o Material data: MILD STEEL AND MEDIUM TENSILE STEEL BARS o
o o o o o Mild steel bars Medium tensile steel bars 5.1.2 Mild steel bars shall be supplied in the following two grades: Mild steel bars, Grade I designated as Fe 410-S Mild steel bars, Grade II designated as Fe 410-O Medium steel bars, Grade II designated as Fe 540-W-HT Sizes: Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars shall be supplied in the following nominal sizes: Diameter of round bars or side 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22, 25, 28, of square bars: 32, 36, 40, 45 and 50 mm Mass the mass of bars shall be in accordance with IS: 1732-1971-f. 5.1.4 Tolerances: The rolling and cutting tolerances shall be in accordance with IS: 1852-1973, IS: 1786 Tolerance on nominal mass Percent Batch Individual Individual sample + sample for coil (-x-) +7 +8 +8 5.1.3 Reinforcement supplied in accordance with this standard shall be classified into the following types:

o o

Nominal size in mm

5.1.5

Upto and including 10 Over 10, upto +5 -6 +6 and including 16 Over 16 +3 -4 +4 Physical requirements: The ultimate tensile stress and percentage elongation is determined according to the following table:

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

S.No

Type and nominal size of bar (min) Mild Steel Grade I

For bars up to and including 20 mm For bars over 20 mm, up to and including 50 mm

Ultimate tensile stress (min) 410 410

Yield stress (min)

Elongation Percentage (min) 23 23

250 240

Mild Steel Grade II

For bars up to and including 20 m For bars over 20 mm, up to and including 50 mm

370 370

225 215

23 23

Medium Tensile Steel

For bars up to and including 16 mm For bars over 16 mm, up to and including 32 mm For bars over 32 mm, up to and Including 50 mm

540 540 510

350 340 330

20 20 20

Handling, storage and protection

5.2.1 Every care should be taken to avoid mixing different types of grades of bars in the same structural members as main reinforcement to satisfy relevant clause of IS: 456. In case of structures, wherever the situation necessitates, the change over shall be made only room any one level onwards. In case of foundations, all foundation elements (footings ring beams, piles and pile caps) shall have the same kind of steel. In the case of columns, all structural elements up to the level of change, where the changeover is taking place should have the same kind of steel as those in columns 5.2.1 The reinforcing steel brought to site of work shall be stored on brick / timber pedestal height, nothing extra shall be paid on this account. 5.2.2 All finished bars shall be well and cleanly rolled to the dimensions and weights specified. They shall be free from cracks, surface flaws, laminations and rough, jagged and imperfect edges and all other harmful defects. 5.2.3 Transporting Reinforcement: Reinforcement shall be transported to the site of work or to the place of storage by such means and in such a manner that the reinforcement is neither damaged nor deformed. The unloading of the reinforcement shall be done at the nearest convenient place where it is to be processed further. Particularly in cases where unloading is required to be done by hand, it is important that the vehicle should be brought as close as possible to the stacking or bending place in order to avoid carrying over long distances. As far as possible, at the time of unloading the bars should be separated by sizes and lengths.

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

5.2.4 Storage of Reinforcement: The actual location of the stacking place of reinforcement depends upon the site conditions, but it should be such that the reinforcement could be conveniently received and supplied to the operational centers in the site. On works covering large area;, it might be an advantage to stack the reinforcement at different places close to the areas where they are likely to be used most. In order to ensure that the reinforcement bars are kept in good condition, they should not be left in direct contact with the ground but they should be stacked on top of an arrangement of timber sleepers or the like. Suitable racks may also be used for stacking reinforcement in tiers. Where space is extremely limited, bars may also be stacked vertically but the vertical stacking has the disadvantage that it is more difficult to get the bars in and out and in identifying bars of different sizes and lengths. Whatever method of stacking is adopted, the bars should be stacked in such a way that the various sizes and lengths can be quickly and easily identified. After the reinforcement bars have been bent, they should be placed in the most convenient locations for transport. Flexible bends like stirrups and bends of small 8 diameter bars should be grouped together and bundled for ease of handling. Each bundle of bars or group of bars should have labels affixed to it indicating the bar mark, bending schedule reference number and its position in laying. In storing bars, attention shall be paid to avoiding distortion and to preventing deterioration and corrosion. Whilst a certain amount of hard rust on the reinforcement is considered desirable in reinforced concrete work, care should be taken to ensure that undue rusting or loose scaling do not take place in storage and in such conditions of weather where the reinforcement is likely to get corroded, the stack of reinforcement shall be suitably sheltered.

5.2

Quality Assurance

5.2.1 Submittal of Manufacturers/Suppliers test documents: 5.2.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, general requirements relating to the supply of material, inspection and testing shall conform to IS: 1387-1967. 5.2.1.2 No material shall be dispatched from the manufacturer's or suppliers' premises prior to its being certified by the purchaser or his authorized representative as having fulfilled the tests and requirements laid down in this standard except where the bundle or coil containing the bars is marked with the ISI Certification Mark. 5.2.1.3 The purchaser or his authorized representative shall be at liberty to inspect and verify the steel maker's certificate of cast analysis at the premises of the manufacturer or supplier; when the purchaser requires an actual analysis of finished material, this shall be made at a place agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer or supplier. 5.2.1.4 Manufacturer's Certificate: In the case of bars which have not been inspected at the manufacturer's works, the manufacturer or supplier, as the case may be, shall supply the purchaser or his authorized representative with the certificate stating the process of manufacture and also the test sheet signed by the manufacturer giving the result of each mechanical test applicable to the material purchased, and the chemical composition, if required. Each test sheet shall indicate the number or identification mark of the cast to which it applies, corresponding to the number or identification mark to be found on the
SHISHUPASL SINGH M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

material. 5.2.1.5

Identification and Marking: o The manufacturer or supplier shall have ingots, billets and bars or bundles of bars marked in such a way that all finished bars can be trace to the cast from which they were made. Every facility shall be given to the purchaser or his authorized representative for tracing the bars to the cast from which they were made. o The medium tensile steel bars shall be suitably marked to identify them from mild steel bars. Mild steel bars Grade I and II shall have distinctive identification tags. o Each bundle or coil containing the bars may also be suitably marked with the Standard Mark, in which case the concerned test certificate shall also bear the Standard Mark.

5.2.2 Independent Laboratory Test 5.2.2.1 Selection and Preparation of Test Samples: Unless otherwise specified in standard, the requirements of IS: 226-1675 shall apply. 5.2.2.2 All test pieces of bars shall be selected by the purchaser or his authorized representative, either: a) From the cutting of bars b) From any bar or the coil, after it has been cut to the required or specified length and the test piece taken from any part of it c) In neither case, the test piece shall be detached from the bar or the coil, except in the presence of the purchaser or his authorized representative. d) Before test pieces are selected, the manufacturer or supplier shall furnish the purchaser or his authorized representative with copies of the mill records giving the number of bars in each cast with sizes as well as the identification marks whereby the bars from their cast or each coil can be identified. 5.2.2.3 Tensile Test: The ultimate tensile stress, yield stress and elongation of bars shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of IS: L608-1972 read in conjunction with IS: 226-1975. The test pieces shall be cut from the finished material and straightened where necessary. They shall not be annealed or otherwise subjected to heat treatment. Any slight straightening which may be required shall be done cold. In case of bars, the size of which is net uniform throughout the length of test piece, limit is shall be applied according to the actual maximum thickness of the piece selected for testing. Should a tensile test

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

piece break ontside the middle half of its gauge length and the percentage elongation obtained is less than that specified, the test may be discarded at the manufacturer's option, and another test made from the same bar. 5.2.2.4 Bend Test: The bend test shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of IS: 1599-1974 read in conjunction with IS: 2261975. 5.2.2.5 Retest: (As per IS: 1786) Should any one of the test pieces first selected fail to pass any of the tests specified in this standard, two further samples shall be selected for testing in respect of each failure. Should the test pieces from both these additional samples pass, the material represented by the test samples shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of that particular test. Should the test piece from either of these additional samples fail, the material represented by the test samples shall be considered as not having complied with this standard. 5.2.3 Sampling: Sampling for tensile and bend tests shall be in accordance with IS: 226-1975. 5.3 Material data: HIGH STRENGTH DEFORMED STEEL BARS AND

WIRES FOR CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT

5.3.1 Chemical Composition: The ladle analysis of steel when made as per relevant parts of IS : 228 shall be as follows: Constituents Fe 415 0.30 0.06 0.06 0.11 Percent, Maximum Fe 500 0.30 0.55 0.55 0.105 Fe 550 0.30 0.55 0.55 0.10

Carbon Sulphur Phosphorus Sulphur and phosphorus 5.4.2

SHISHUPASL SINGH

The nominal sizes of bars/wires shall be as follows:

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

Nominal size, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 32, 36, 40, 45 and 50 mm. Other sizes may also be supplied by mutual agreement.

5.3.2 Deformations and Surface Characteristics: For high strength deformed bars/wires, the mean area of ribs (in mm2 ) per unit length (in mm ) above the core of the bar/wire, projected on a plane normal to the axis of the bar/wire calculated in but shall not be less than the following values: 5.3.3 Tolerances on Dimensions and Nominal Mass: 5.3.3.1 Specified Lengths: if bars/wires are specified to be cut to certain lengths, each bar/wire shall be cut within deviations of 1 JS mm on the specified length, but if minimum lengths are specified, the deviations shall be +50 mm and 0 mm. 5.3.3.2 Nominal Mass: For the purpose of checking the nominal mass, the density of steel shall be taken as 0.007 85 kg/mm2 of the cross-sectional area per meter run. Unless otherwise agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser, the tolerances on nominal mass shall be as in Table. Tolerance on nominal mass Percent Batch Individual Nominal size in sample + mm Up to and including 10 Over 10, up to and including 16 Over 16 +7 +5 +3 -8 -6 -4 Individual sample for coil (-x-) +8 +6 +4

5.3.3.3 Physical Properties: Proof stress, percentage elongation and tensile strength for all sizes of deformed bars/wires determined on effective cross-sectional area shall be as specified in Table. S.No. Property Grade
0.2 percent proof yield stress, 2Min, stress/ N/mm Elongation, percent, Min, on gauge length 5*65 VA, where A is the cross-sectional area of the test piece Tensile strength, Min
10 percent more 8 percent more 6 percent more than the actual than the than the actual 0.2 0'2 percent actual 0.2 proof stress percent proof percent proof stress but not but not less stress but not than 4850 less than less than 5854 545-0 N/mm' N/mm 0 N/mm1
SHISHUPASL SINGH M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

Fe415

Fe500

Fe550

i ii

415
14.5

500
12.0

550
8.0

iii

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

5.4
5.4.1

Handling, storage and protection

As clause 5.2

5.5
5.5.1

Quality Assurance
As clause 5.3

5.5.2 Independent Laboratory Test 5.5.2.1 Selection and Preparation of Test Sample: Unless otherwise specified in this standard, the requirements of IS: 226-1975 shall apply. 5.5.2.2 All test pieces of bars shall be selected by the purchaser or his authorized representative, either: a) From the cutting of bars b) From any bar or the coil, after it has been cut to the required or specified length and the test piece taken from any part of it c) In neither case, the test piece shall be detached from the bar or the coil, except in the presence of the purchaser or his authorized representative. d) Before test pieces are selected, the manufacturer or supplier shall furnish the purchaser or his authorized representative with copies of the mill records giving the number of bars in each cast with sizes as well as the identification marks whereby the bars from their cast or each coil can be identified. e) In neither case, the test piece shall be detached from the bar/wire except in the presence of the purchaser or his authorized representative. f) The test pieces obtained shall be full sections of the bars/wires and shall be subjected to physical tests without any further modifications. No reduction in size by machining or other wise shall be permissible, except in case of bars of size 0.28 mm and above. g) No test piece shall be annealed or otherwise heat treatment. Any straightening which a test piece may require shall be done cold. subjected to

h) For the purpose of carrying out tests for tensile strength, proof stress and percentage elongation for bars 28 mm in diameter and above, deformations of the bars only may be machined. For such bars, the physical properties shall be calculated using the actual area obtained after machining. i) Notwithstanding the provisions, test pieces may be subjected to artificial ageing at a temperature not exceeding 100C and for a period not exceeding 2 hours.

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

5.6.2.3 Tensile Test: The tensile strength, 0.2 percent proof stress and percentage elongation of bars/wires shall be determined in accordance with requirements of IS: 1608-1972 read in conjunction with IS: 2261975. Alternatively and by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, for routine testing, the proof stress may be determined in con junction with the tensile strength test and may be taken as the stress measured on the specimen whilst under load corresponding to an in crease measured by an extensometer of 0.4 percent for Fe 415 bars/wires, 0.45 percent for grade Fe 500 bars/wires and 0.47 percent for grade Fe 550 bars/wires the total strain on any convenient gauge length. The stresses shall be calculated using the effective cross-sectional area of the bar/wire. 5.6.2.4 Bend Test: The bend test shall be performed in accordance with the requirements of IS: 1599-1974 and the mandrel diameter shall be as specified in Table. The specimen shall be considered to have passed the test if there is no transverse crack in the bent portion. MANDREL DIAMETER FOR DIFFERENT GRADES
Up to and over 22

Fe 415 3 4

Fe 500 4 5

Fe 550 5 6

5.6.2.5 Rebend Test: The test piece shall be bent to an included angle of 135 using a mandrel of appropriate diameter. The bent piece shall be aged by keeping in boiling water (100C) for 30 minutes and then allowed to cool. The' piece shall then be bent back to have an included angle of 157. The specimen shall be considered to have passed the test if there is no fracture in the bent portion Dia of Mandrel Dia of Mandrel for Fe 415 and for Fe 550 Nominal Size of Fe 500 Specimen
Up to and including 10 mm and over 10 mm

5 7

7 8

Where = is the nominal size in mm of the test piece.

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

5.6.2.6 Retest: (As per IS: 1786) Should any one of the test pieces first selected fail to pass any of the tests specified in this standard, two further samples shall be selected for testing in respect of each failure. Should the test pieces from both these additional samples pass, the material represented by the test samples shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of that particular test. Should the test piece from either of these additional samples fail, the material represented by the test samples shall be considered as not having complied with this standard. 5.6.2.7 Selection of Test Specimens: For checking nominal mass, tensile strength, bend test and rebend test, test specimen of sufficient length shall be cut from each size of the finished bar/wire at random at a frequency not less than that specified in Table. Nominal size Quantity For casts/heats For casts/heats over below 100 tones 100 tones
Under 10 mm 10 mm to 16 mm (inclusive) Over I6 mm 1 sample from each 25 1 sample from each 40 tones or part thereof tones or part thereof 1 sample from each 35 1 sample from each 45 tonnes or part thereof tones or part thereof 1 1 sample from each 45 sample from each 50 tonnes or part thereof tones or part thereof

Bond Test The frequency of bond test as required shall be as agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser/testing authority. 5.6.3 Sampling: Sampling for tensile and bend tests shall be in accordance with IS: 226-1975

5.7

Material data: THERMO-MECHANICALLY TREATED BARS 5.7.2 Chemical composition Carbon 0.30% (max) Sulphur 0.06% (max) Phosphorus 0.06% (max) S&P 0.11% (max) Silicon 0.10% (max) Grade: Shall be of strength Fe 415 and Fe 500 Nominal size: 8, 10, 28, 32, 36 Nominal weight (kg/m): 8, 10, 28, 32, 36 Tolerance: As per that of High Strength Deformed Steel Bars Physical properties:
M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

5.7.3 5.7.4 5.7.5 5.7.6 5.7.7

SHISHUPASL SINGH

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

Properties Yield strength (mpa) min Tensile strength (mpa) min Elongation (%) min Fe 415 415 485 14.5 Fe 500 500 545 12

5.8
5.8.2

Handling, storage and protection

As clause 5.2

5.9
5.9.2 5.9.3 5.9.3.6 5.9.3.7 5.9.3.8 5.9.3.9 5.9.4

Quality Assurance
As clause 5.3 Independent Laboratory Test: Tests shall be carried out as per IS: 1786-1985 Tensile test: As per clause 5.6.2.3 Bend test: As per clause 5.6.2.4 Rebend test: As per clause 5.6.2.5 Retest: As per clause 5.6.2.6 Sampling: As per clause 5.6.3 5.10 Material data: HARD-DRAWN STEEL WIRE FABRIC FOR CONCRETE

REINFORCEMENT
5.10.1 Chemical Composition: The wire shall be cold drawn from mild steel made by the open hearth, electric duplex, acid Bessemer, basic oxygen or a combination of this process. In case any other process is employed in the manufacture of the steel prior approval is required from the purchaser should be obtained. In case basic oxygen process is employed for manufacture, the basic nitrogen content shall not exceed to 0.008%. The ladle analysis when made in accordance with relevant parts of IS: 228 shall show that steel contains not more than 0.05% of sulphur and not more than 0.05% of phosphorus. Butt joints in the wires of the fabric shall be electrically welded and the joints shall be staggered. 5.10.2 Nominal size (Sizes of Sheets or Rolls): The hard drawn steel wire are provided in following sizes 2.65, 3.0, 3.15, 3.55, 4.0, 4.5, 4.75, 5.0, 5.3, 5.6, 6.0, 6.3, 7.1, 7.5, 8.0, 9.0, 9.5 and 10 mm. Mesh sizes, weight and sizes of wires for square and oblong welded wire fabric shall be as agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer.

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

5.10.3 Tolerance on Size of Sheet: When fabric is required to be cut to specified dimensions, the tolerance shall be as follows: 25 mm under or over the specified dimension For dimensions over 5 mm: percent under or over the specified dimension 5.10.4 Tolerance on Mass of Fabric: The tolerances on the mass of fabric shall be as follows: When the specified mass is not stated to be either a maximum or a minimum: When the specified mass is stated to be a maximum: When the specified mass is stated to be a minimum: 12-0 percent 0-12 percent 6 percent For dimensions of 5 mm and under:

5.10.5 Mass: The nominal mass of fabric shall be calculated on the basis that steel weighs 0.785 kg/cm of nominal cross-sectional area per meter run. The actual mass of the fabric shall be determined by weighing a sheet or sheets of any convenient size, and if possible at least one square meter, with the edges trimmed so that the longitudinal wires protrude by a distance equal to half the distance between the cross wires, and the cross wires produce a distance equal to half the distance between the longitudinal wires. 5.10.6 Physical properties: All wires of the finished fabric shall meet the minimum requirements
for physical properties as prescribed in IS : 432 (Part II)-1982 except elongation.

5.11

Handling, storage and protection

5.11.1 As clause 5.2

5.12

Quality Assurance

5.12.1 As clause 5.3 5.12.2 Independent Laboratory Test a) All test pieces of bars shall be selected by the purchaser or his authorized representative, either: All test pieces shall be selected by the purchaser, and in the event of the tests being satisfactory, he shall pay the cost of the sheets from which the test pieces have been cut, or accept delivery as though such test

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

pieces had not been cut there from. b) The test pieces for tensile and bend tests shall be so cut from the fabric that each tensile test piece shall contain one or more cross welds in its length. c) Identification of Specimens with the Materials: The manufacturer shall make appropriate arrangements for the identification of the material represented by the test pieces. 5.12.2.1 Tensile Test: The tensile test shall be made on the mesh after fabrication across one or more welds to the requirements specified in IS: 1521-1972. One tensile test shall be made from every 6 000 m of fabric. 5.12.2.2 Bend Test: The bend test shall be made on the test pieces cut from the longitudinal wire as well as the transverse wire, between the welds. The test piece shall not be annealed or subjected to any heat treatment before testing. The test piece shall withstand one complete cycle of reverse bend around a pin of size indicated below, without showing any signs of fracture when reverse bend test is carried out in accordance with the requirements of IS : 1716-1971. One reverse bend test shall be made from every 6 000 m of fabric. 5.12.2.3 Retest: (As per IS: 1786) Should any one of the test pieces first selected fail to pass any of the tests specified in this standard, two further samples shall be selected for testing in respect of each failure. Should the test pieces from both these additional samples pass, the material represented by the test samples shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of that particular test. Should the test piece from either of these additional samples fail, the material represented by the test samples shall be considered as not having complied with this standard. 5.12.3 Delivery, Inspection and Testing Facilities 5.12.3.1 Delivery All fabric reinforcement shall be delivered free from oil and grease, paint, loose mill scale, loose rust and other matter likely to adversely affect the bend with concrete. Lime wash shall be permitted unless otherwise specified by the A sheet shall not contain any broken wires, and no broken cross welds in purchaser. excess of four percent of the total number of welded joints, or half of the welded joints in any wire.
SHISHUPASL SINGH M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

If so required by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall give a certificate

that the welded wire mesh supplied conforms in all respects to the requirements of this specification. If so required by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall give a certificate that all welded intersections of the welded wire mesh supplied shall be capable of withstanding a load in shear of not less than one quarter of that necessary to develop the load, calculated from the specified proof stress in tension of the smaller of the intersecting wires. If required by the purchaser, this test shall be performed according to The purchaser or his authorized representative shall be at liberty to mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. inspect and verify the steel makers certificate of cast analysis at the premises of the manufacturer or supplier; when the purchaser requires an actual analysis of finished material, this shall be made at a place agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer or the supplier. The purchaser shall have all reasonable facilities for satisfying himself that the material is being or has been manufactured fully in accordance with the requirements of this specification and, for this purpose he shall be furnished with the test certificates giving the results of test specified in this specification and he shall have free access to the relevant parts of the suppliers works at all reasonable times as agreed to mutually. He shall be at liberty to inspect the manufacture without interfering in any way with the normal production of the material at any stage and to reject any material which does not conform to this specification. If so required by the purchaser, he shall be informed by the supplier The supplier shall supply labor and appliances required for testing at his when the material relating to the order is under manufacture. premises. If facilities are not available at his own works, the supplier shall bear the cost of the tests carried out in a laboratory selected by the purchaser. 5.12.4 Independent Test Should there be a dispute about the compliance of the material with this specification, the supplier and the purchaser each shall have the right to get the material tested by a mutually acceptable independent testing authority unless such disputes are within the terms of any other agreement for reference or submission to arbitration
SHISHUPASL SINGH M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

The results obtained by the independent testing authority shall be accepted as final. If the material

does not comply with this specification, the cost of independent testing shall be borne by the supplier; if the material complies with this specification, the cost shall be borne by the purchaser. 5.12.5 Defects Revealed After Delivery Should any material after delivery be found not to be in accordance with this specification, such material shall be deemed not to comply with this Indian Standard not withstanding any previous acceptance, provided it has not been improperly treated.

6.0 PROCESS STAGES

6.1 Cutting

o o
o

o
6.2 Fabrication o o o

The reinforcement shall be cut in accordance with the cutting schedule. Cutting should be made with the aid of shear power operated or care should be taken not to damage the ribs in the neighborhood of the shear section. The cutting tolerance is as mentioned in the table Dimension (cm) Tolerance (mm) For bent bars < 75 +3 > 75 < 150 +5 > 150 < 250 +5 > 250 -10 +6 -15 +7 -25 For straight bars All lengths +25 -25 The cut lengths should be measured on a measuring table to ensure flatness and straightness of the bars.

Fabrication should be carried out in accordance with the bar bending schedule. Plain smooth surfaces or rolls that do not offer resistance to longitudinal movement to the bars or fabric being shall be provided to ensure adequate support. Over all dimensions of the fabricated reinforcement shall conform to the plan. The fabricator shall ensure that cutting and bending machine operatives are trained in the skills necessary to produce cut and bent products of consistent quality within the permissible size deviations. A formal operative approval and

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

testing system shall be implemented and operatives shall have been certified by the fabricator as having achieved minimum standards of competence. 6.3 Assembly of Reinforcement o o o o o Reinforcements shall be bent and fixed in accordance with procedure specified in IS: 2502. The high strength deformed bars should not be re-bent or straightened with the approval of Engineer-in-charge. Bar bending schedules shall be prepared for all reinforcement work. All reinforcement shall be placed and maintained in the position shown in respective drawings by providing proper cover blocks, spacers, supporting bars etc. Crossing bars should not be tack-welded for assembly of reinforcement unless permitted by Engineer-in-charge

6.4 Placing of Reinforcements o o o o Rough handling, shock loading (prior to embedment) and dropping of reinforcement from a height should be avoided. Reinforcement should secured against displacement outside the specified limits. Reinforcement should be placed and tied in such a way that concrete placement be possible without segregation of the mix. Within the concrete mass, different types of metal in contact should be avoided to ensure that bimetal corrosion does not take place

6.5 Tolerance on Placing of Reinforcement Unless otherwise specified by the Engineer-in-charge the reinforcement shall be placed within the following tolerances: For effective depth 200mm or less +10mm For effective depth more than 200mm +15mm 6.6 Reinforcement Spicing/Overlapping Reinforcements o o o Where splices are provided in the reinforcing bars, they shall as far as possible be away from sections of maximum stress and staggered. It is recommended that splices in flexural members should not be at sections where bending moment is more than 50% of the moment of resistance; and not more than half the bars shall be spliced at a section. Where more than one half of the bars are spliced at a section or where splices are made at points of maximum stress, special precautions shall be taken, such as increasing the length of lap and/or using spirals or closely spaced stirrups around the length of splice

6.6 Lap Splices

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

o o o o Lap splices shall not be used for bars larger than 36mmfor larger diameters, bar may be welded. In cases where welding is not practicable, lapping of bars larger than 36mm may be permitted, in which case additional spiral should be provided around the lapped area. Lap splices shall be considered as staggered if the center to center distance of the splices is not less than 1.3 times the lap length calculated. Lap length including anchorage value of hooks for bars in flexural tension shall be Ld (Development Length) or 30 whichever is greater and for direct tension shall be 2Ld or 30 whichever is greater. The straight length of the lap shall not be less than 15 or 200mm. The lap length in compression shall be equal to the development length in compression calculated but not less than 24 When two bars of two different diameters are to be spliced the lap length shall be calculated on the basis of the diameter of the smaller bar. When splicing of welded wire fabric is to be carried out, lap splices of wires shall be made so that overlap measured between the cross wires shall be not less than the splicing of cross wires plus 100mm. In case of bundled bars, lapped splices of bundled bars shall be made by splicing one at a time; such individual splices within a bundle shall be staggered.

o o o o

6.7 Bending of bars o o o Bars shall be bent cold Bars larger than 25mm in size may be bent hot at cherry red heat (not exceeding 8500C except those bars which depend for their strength on cold-working. Hot bars shall not be cooled by quenching. Bending of bars shall be done either by improvised means or by hand-operated machines and power operated benders.

6.8 Tying of bars Bars crossing each other, where required, shall be secured by binding wire (annealed) of size not less than 0.90 mm and conforming to IS: 280-1962 Specification for Mild Steel Wire (Revised), in such a manner that they will not slip over each other at the time of fixing and concreting. o Every compression bar shall be tied at least in two perpendicular directions. o Stirrups may be staggered, provided it is ensured that the corresponding stirrups form a uniform pattern in elevation. o 6.8 Cover blocks Cover blocks, which are generally of cement mortar, shall be use& to ensure the required cover for reinforcement. o Cover blocks are generally square or rectangular in plan with or without binding wire embedded in them which will be tied to the reinforcement at the time of placing. o Kings with suitable hole at the centre may also be used. o The mortar or concrete used for the cover blocks or rings shall not be leaner than the mortar or concrete in which they will be embedded. o

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

21

SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

To provide necessary cover for reinforcement at any section, only single cover blocks

o shall be used.

6.8 Slabs, Beams and Columns o Slabs: In slabs, whether double or multiple, layers of reinforcement are provided, the distances between the layers may be maintained o Beams: In beams with top reinforcement, it is desirable to suspend the top reinforcement from the formwork by suitable arrangements which may be removed on completion of concreting up to the appropriate level, unless such reinforcement is otherwise rigidly held in position by stirrups or other members. o Column Reinforcement: The column reinforcement, especially in heavily reinforced columns and in columns subjected to a combination of direct load and bending, should be properly tied; otherwise the strength of the column will be considerably affected. The ties may. Be staggered provided it is ensured that the corresponding ties form a uniform pattern in elevation and they shall be in closed loops. Distortion of projecting vertical bars in double rows in walls may be prevented prior to completed assembly of horizontal reinforcement and erection of shutters by the arrangements. This arrangement consists of a longitudinal timber or large bar placed along each row of vertical bar and tied to each bar. Between every sixth bars of opposite rows a cross piece of wood or steel should be tied. For single vertical row of large bars in walls, a timber frame may be employed to prevent the distortion of bar. The dimensions, details and spacing of the frame shall be determined by the nature of the work.

7.0 QUALITY CONTROL

7.1 Fabricators inspection: the fabricator shall carry out the following parameters of the schedules and of specimens of cut lengths and bent items at a frequency given below: 7.1.1 Cut Lengths o o o The bar or fabric mark The type and size of the specimen and the type and size given on the schedule The length of the specimens and the length given on the schedule

7.1.2 Bent items o o o o The bar or fabric mark The type and size of the specimens and the type and size given on the schedule The diameter of the former used (by checking the bar) The shape of the specimens and the shape code given on the schedule.

7.1.3 Frequency

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

o The fabricator shall inspect daily and inspection records shall be retained for 10 years. Specimens shall be selected at random from a representative range of output items at the following frequency: Where the output of the fabrication unit over the preceding full working week is less than 75t Where the output of the fabrication unit over the preceding full working week is between 75t and 150t Where the output of the fabrication unit over the preceding full working week is greater than 150t o At least 10 specimens per day

At least 20 specimens per day

At least 40 specimens per day

Where no records are available covering the preceding full working week, the lesser of either 40 specimens per day or total output per day shall be inspected. from items having an identical bar mark. If any specimen that are inspected are found to have parameters that do not comply with the appropriate requirements all the other bars and fabrics with the same mark (or numbers), shall be inspected and they shall all comply with the appropriate requirements.

o For inspection purposes, not more than 50% of the specimen shall be selected

7.1.4 Inspection: All material shall be subject to routine inspection and testing by the manufacturer or supplier in accordance with this standard and a record of the test results of material conforming to this standard shall be kept by the manufacturer or the supplier. The records shall be available for inspection by the purchaser or his representative. In the case of material delivered to a supplier, the manufacturer shall supply a certificate containing the results of all the required tests on samples taken from the delivered material.

8.0 MEASUREMENT
8.1 Reinforcement: Unless otherwise stated reinforcement shall be measured separately. Where concrete and reinforcement are measured as a composite item they shall be fully described indicating that supply of reinforcement is included in the item; in such cases items identical in other respects but varying in reinforcement shall be measured separately. o Reinforcement bars shall be measured in running meters. o The item of work shall include removal of surface rust, straightening, cutting to lengths, hooked ends, cranking or bending (straight or spiral). Authorized overlaps, chairs/separators shall be measured. o When welding of joints is authorized the same shall be described; joints, butt welded shall be measured in numbers and lap welded shall be measured in running meters of the length welded. o Fabric reinforcement shall be described (including meshes and strands) and measured in square meters. Authorized laps shall be measured. o Wire netting used as encasement shall be described (including meshes and wires) and shall be measured in square meters. Authorized laps shall be measured. o Raking or circular cutting and waste shall be included in description.

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE

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SPECIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT BARS

Binding wire for reinforcement shall not be measured, but shall be included in description of

o item.

SHISHUPASL SINGH

M.B.E.M, SCHOOL OF PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE