Contents

Introduction To Fluid Properties

Fluid Classification
Real and Ideal Fluids
Fluid Properties
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO
FLUID PROPERTIES
WHAT FLUID MECHANICS?
Defined as the science that deals with
behavior of fluids at rest (fluid static) or
in motion (fluid dynamics)
Fluid?
Substances that capable to flow and conform to
the shape of containing vessels. When in
equilibrium, fluids cant sustain tangential or
shear forces. All fluids have some degree of
compressibility and offer little resistance to
change of form.
Fluid Classification
Fluid can be classified into two:
1. Liquids Tend to flow freely and take the shape of the
container (e.g: water, oil, gasoline, etc)
2. Gases tend to expand to completely fill their
container (e.g.: air, oxygen, etc.)
Differences:
- Liquids are practically incompressible
- Gases are compressible
Liquids occupy definite volumes and have free surface
Gases expand until it occupy all portions of any vessels
Fluid Classification
Assumption in Fluid Mechanics:
- Fluids are not compressible although a little
compression can take place but it was
neglected.
Ideal and Real Fluids
Ideal Fluids:
- No viscosity,
- No internal friction/surface tension
- Incompressible
Real Fluids:
- Have viscosity
- Have surface tension and frictional forces between
adjacent layer
- Compressible
Dimension and Units
Mass Length Time
Dimension M L T
Unit kg m s
Eg.:
Area = L = m
Force = mass x acceleration
= ML/T
= kgms or Newton (N)
Fluids Properties
1. Density
2. Specific weight
3. Relative/specific density
4. Compressibility (Elasticity/Bulk Modulus)
5. Surface tension
6. Viscosity kinematics & dynamics
Fluids Properties Important
parameters
1. Density
2. Specific weight
3. Relative/specific density
4. Dynamics Viscosity
5. Kinematics Viscosity
m
V
=
g =
material
water

=
y
v
t
| |
=
|
\ .

2 2
/
N m Ns
unit
m m s m

| |
| |
= =
| |
\ .
\ .
2 2 2
Ns kgm s kg
unit
m s m ms

| |
= = =
|
\ .

=
( )
2
/ unit m s u =
( )
3
/ kN m
( )
3
/ kg m
SUMMARY CHAPTER 1
1. Fluid Mechanics
2. Fluid Classification Liquids and gasses
3. Ideal and Real Fluids
4. Dimension and Units
5. Fluids Properties Density, specific
gravity/ weight, compressibility, surface
tension and viscosity (kinematics and
dynamics)