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Methanol-Water separation
Calculation ......................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Data ............................................................................................................................. 7 Calculation of amount of distillate and bottom product ............................................ 7 Equilibrium data of methanol and water mixture ...................................................... 9 Calculation of Minimum Reflux Ratio ......................................................................... 9 Drawing q line ...................................................................................................... 9 Drawing Top Operating Line (TOP) at minimum reflux ..................................... 10
Calculation of Operating Reflux Ratio ....................................................................... 11 Calculation of Actual number of stages required ..................................................... 11 Calculation of liquid and vapuor amounts in both sections ..................................... 13 Liquid and Vapour Density calculation...................................................................... 14 Rectifying section densities ............................................................................... 15 Stripping section densities ................................................................................. 15
Calculation of column diameter ................................................................................ 16 Diameter of rectifying section ........................................................................... 16 Calculation of diameter of stripping section ..................................................... 19 Calculation of hole diameter and area .................................................................. 20 Number of Holes in a tray at rectifying section..................................................... 20 Number of Holes in a tray at stripping section...................................................... 21 Flow pattern identification and down comer selection ........................................ 21
3.13.1 Flow pattern of rectifying section ...................................................................... 22 3.13.2 Flow pattern of stripping section ....................................................................... 22 3.14 3.15 3.16 Column efficiency calculation ................................................................................ 23 Calculation of actual number of stages required .................................................. 25 Calculation of height of the column ...................................................................... 25 Page 2
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Table of Figure
2.1 TOP Line ............................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Bottom Operating Line ........................................................................................................ 6 3.1 Data ...................................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Mass balance........................................................................................................................ 8 3.3 Methanol Water Equilibrium Data ...................................................................................... 9 3.4 Temperature Composition Diagram of methanol/water .................................................... 9 3.5 R min Figure ......................................................................................................................... 10 3.6 Vapour Liquid Equilibrium Curve ....................................................................................... 12 3.7 Column 1 ............................................................................................................................ 13 3.8 Feeding Section .................................................................................................................. 14 3.9 Recommended general conditions and dimensions for tray tower .................................. 18 3.10 selection of Liquid-flow arrangement ............................................................................. 21 3.11 Reverse Flow Down Comer .............................................................................................. 22 3.12 Cross flow down comer ................................................................................................... 22 3.13 Van Winkles correlation .................................................................................................. 23
Content of Table
3.1 Density data ....................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Density of Mixture ............................................................................................................. 15 5.1 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 28
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Here we can use the Mc-Cabe-Thiele method, Assumptions; 2.1 Constant molar overflow There is no any chemical reaction There are no any mass generation, mass accumulation and mass generation Operating Line equation for Top Operating Line (TOP)
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Thus we have,
Equation 2.1
This is the Operating Line Equation for the rectifying section (Top Operating Line) or TOL in short. Characteristics: Straight Line Equation Slope Intercept
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Material balance around the envelope shown: Under constant molar overflow assumption: Overall Balance;
Thus we have,
Equation 2.2
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3 3.1
Calculation Data
3.1 Data
3.2 Calculation of amount of distillate and bottom product These two values can calculate using simple material equations. Assumptions At steady state there are no any material losses, material accumulation and material generation. Page 7
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3.4
Feed is at saturated liquid condition; therefore according to q line equation q value should be 1. Therefore,
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At the minimum reflux ratio; maximum numbers of theoretical stages are given. Therefore TOP line should be pass through interception of equilibrium curve and q-line.
Gradient of TOL
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No hard and fast rules can be given for the selection of the design reflux ratio, but for many systems the optimum will lie between 1.2 to 1.5 times the minimum reflux ratios. Assume operating reflux ratio is 1.25 of minimum reflux ratio. Therefore operating Reflux ratio (R);
3.6
BOL can easily draw with starting (Xw,Xw) to ending intersection of q line and TOL.
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3.7
3.7 Column 1
Rectifying section
Lo D
Stripping Section
3.8 Feeding Section According to given data, feed is at saturated liquid condition therefore all feeding liquids join with stripping section liquid.
3.8 Liquid and Vapour Density calculation Inside temperature of the distillation column is varying point to point. Therefore average temperature was considered for a section.
Compositions Compositions of Methanol of Methanol Vapour Liquid Temperature 0.68 77C 0.35 0.99 65C 0.96 0.04 100C 0.02
3.1 Density data
Density of Water(kg/m3) Liquid Vapour 973 980 958 0.27 0.165 0.59
Density of Methanol(kg/m3) Liquid Vapour 742 752 714 2.01 1.12 4.33
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Rectifying section is operating in between 65C -77C. Therefore at the average temperature density values can calculate. Liquid density of rectifying section L L Vapour density of rectifying section v v = =826.6 kg/m3 = =1.28 kg/m3
Stripping section is operating in between 100C -77C. Therefore at the average temperature density values can calculate. Similarly; Liquid density of rectifying section Vapour density of rectifying section L v =922.64 kg/m3 =1.095 kg/m3
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3.9
The flooding velocity can be estimated from the correlation given by Fair Prasanna Welahetti Page 16
U f K1
Dc- Column diameter Ac- Column cross sectional area Ad-Down comer area Aa Active area
Ah-Holes area An- Net area Ua-Actual vapour velocity required through the column
(When it calculate the average molar weight, feed methanol composition is 35%, assume inside the distillation column 50% methanol in mixture)
V n 169 .18 25 /(1 3600 ) m3 / h
V n 1.175
m3 / s
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Therefore the column diameter of rectifying section is 0.999m 3.9.1.1 Rechecking the assume tray space value
Here we have assumed tray spacing for the column. According to the Recommended general conditions and dimensions for tray tower table, it can check.
Tower diameter 1 or less 1 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 8 Tray spacing 0.15 0.5 0.6 0.75 0.9
According to above Recommended general conditions and dimensions for tray tower
table, diameter of the column is correct. Because assume tray space was 0.45m and Prasanna Welahetti Page 18
There is no vapour amount changes in stripping section with compare to rectifying section. Therefore,
V m 1.175 m3 / s
Vn Ua An
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Therefore stripping section column diameter is 0.837m 3.10 Calculation of hole diameter and area
Hole size less than 6.5 mm. Entrainment may be greater with larger hole sizes. (Page No. 568 Coulson & Richardson 6th volume 4th edition). Therefore hole diameter is considered as 6mm. 3.11 Number of Holes in a tray at rectifying section
For a plate there is one down comer on the plate and top down comer also affected to bottom plate. Therefore two down comer areas need to reduce from active area. So,
Area of a hole
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3.13 Flow pattern identification and down comer selection The most common flow pattern is cross flow pattern. It can identify using below graph (figure 3.10 selection of liquid flow pattern).
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Column Diameter Therefore the flow pattern is Reverse flow(According to figure 3.10)
Column Diameter Therefore the flow pattern is Cross flow. (According to figure 3.10)
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Here we can use Van Winkles correlation for calculate to efficiency of column.
Maximum and minimum temperatures of inside the column are respectively 100C and 65C. Assume liquid temperature is average temperature of column. Assume properties of liquid mixture are equal to water properties. Average temperature of column
As the
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Weir height for 1 atm column is 40-90mm. Therefore here Im assuming weir height of the column is 45mm.
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Therefore;
I have already calculated required number of theoretical plates. Number of theoretical stages required In other way below equation can use for efficiency calculation;
=17
No. of plates Tray spacing Hs = 0.45 m H= 0.5 meter each for liquid hold up and vapor disengagement Prasanna Welahetti Page 25
Assume here plate numbers are count from top to bottom. According to figure 3.6 vapour-liquid equilibrium curve; it can find the feed tray location. Feed composition of methanol is 0.35. This value is at 10th plate (theoretical) of the column. To calculate the actual feed tray location this value need to divide with column efficiency. Therefore feed tray location
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Name Distillate flow rate Waste flow rate q value Minimum Reflux ratio Operating Reflux ratio Number of theoretical plates Liquid flow rate of rectifying section Vapour flow rate of rectifying section Flooding velocity of rectifying section Column Diameter of rectifying Section Flooding velocity of Stripping section Column Diameter of Stripping Section Tray Space of both sections Hole diameter Number of hole in a plate at rectifying Section Number of hole in a plate at Stripping Section Down comer type of rectifying section Down comer type of Stripping section Column efficiency Number of actual plates Height of the column Feed tray location
Sign D W q R
L0,Ln
81.41 kmol/hr
Dc
0.999m
Dc lt Dh
0.837m 0.45m 6mm 2106 1478 Reverse flow down comer Cross flow down comer
Emv
5.1 Summary
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