Manufacturing processes UNIT I Casting Process: Principles of metal casting, types of pattern, pattern allowances, study of moulding processes

& materials, Sand moulding: tools & equipment, classification of moulds, core , terms related to sand moulding, types of moulding sand, description and operations of coupla, special casting processes example permanent mould casting, die-casting, centrifugal casting and investment casting, casting defects. UNIT II Smithy and forging: Forging operations, tools and appliances, types of forging: Smith, drop, press, machine forging and forging defects. UNIT III Metal joining: Welding principles, classification of welding processes: Oxyacetylene gas welding, Arc-welding (AC & DC), Electric resistance welding (spot and seam welding), types of electrodes, Brazing and soldering. UNIT IV Machining: Cutting tool materials, Lathe: types, specifications, various parts of lathe, its accessories, Lathe operations, cutting speeds and feeds.