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KCH THC & TUYEN HNH

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PHAN II

KCH THC VA TUYEN HNH

I . TNH KCH THC C BAN CUA TAU: Thiet ke tau la l a chon cac kch thc chu yeu va cac he so cua than tau, cac so lieu phai thoa man nhng yeu cau e ra trong nhiem vu th thiet ke ong thi phai ap ng ve ch tieu kinh te.Sau khi la chon cac kch thc chu yeu ta phai nghiem lai lng chiem nc (LCN) , toc o, dung tch va cac tnh nang khac cua tau e hieu chnh so sanh va i ti xac nh cac thong so toi u nhat cho con tau ma ta thiet ke. 1.Trong tai: Trong tai la bao gom : hang hoa, nhien lieu, hanh khach, thuyen vien, nc ngot, lng th c, th c pham, hanh ly, . .v.v. 2. He so trong tai ( he so li dung LCN) :
DW =
DW D

xac nh D thong qua he so trong

tai Dau la loai hang long, co tnh chat de chay no va the tch dan n cua dau khac vi hang kho nen kch thc cua tau dau so vi tau hang kho co nhng ac iem khong giong nhau. He so trong tai c xac nh theo cac tai lieu thong ke nhng tau co trong tai t (2200034000) T th he so trong tai DW = 0.65 0.73 . Vi tau dau 27000 T ta chon : DW = 0,72
D= DW = 37500 (Tan) DW

Vi: DW = 27000 T 3.Xac nh chieu dai cua than tau L : a/ Nhng yeu to can xem xet khi chon L(m) : Chieu dai than tau dau, ngoai viec phai xet ti cac nhan to chung (nh la sc can, dung tch ,bo tr ) can phai ieu chnh can bang doc . do yeu to ieu chnh nghieng
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KCH THC & TUYEN HNH

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doc , khong the khong keo dai chieu dai than tau mot cach thch ang. b/ c tnh chieu dai than tau: Da vao cong thc gan ung hoac cac ty so hnh hoc gii han ta co: Dsb = k..L.B.T.CB (*) Vi : : khoi lng rieng cua nc bien , = 1.025 t/m3 Chieu dai than tau, Lpp c xac nh theo cong thc : 1/ 3 L pp = K1 *Pn = 168 (m) K1 : he so phu thuoc kch thc tau va tai trong . theo tai lieu thong ke nhng tau co trong trai t 22000 34000 th he so K1 nam trong khoang t 5.079 5.6 . vi tau thiet ke ta chon he so K1 = 5.6 Pn = 27000(T) Vay chon chieu dai L = 168 m 4.Xac nh chieu rong than tau B: Chieu rong tau co quan he chat che vi viec bo tr tren tau, tnh on nh sc can va tnh hang hai cua con tau. Tang chieu rong tau, tang dung tch ham hang. Chieu rong tau anh hng rat ln en on nh ban au cua tau v ban knh on nh ngang t le thuan vi bnh phng chieu rong tau (B2). Nhng neu on nh ban au qua ln se giam nho chu ky lac ngang tr so L/B be qua sc can hnh dang va sc can song than tau tang nhanh. Tnh on nh hng kem.
B = K 2 * Pn
1 3

= 27.9m

K2 : he so phu thuoc kch thc tau va tai trong . theo tai lieu thong ke nhng tau co trong trai t 22000 34000 th he so K2 nam trong khoang t 0.86 0.98 . vi tau thiet ke ta chon he so K2 = 0.93 Pn = 27000(T) Chon chieu rong than tau B = 28 m 5 .Xac nh chieu chm cua tau T: Mn nc T: mn nc tau thng b han che bi luong lach ben cang, cau tau. Thng tr so B/T c lam can c e chon mn nc, khi o mn nc T phu thuoc vao chieu dai than tau Theo tai lieu thong ke nhng tau co trong trai t 22000 34000 th he so so
B = 2.43 3.04 . vi tau thiet ke ta chon he T B 28 = 2.82 T = = 9.92m T 2.82

Chon T = 9.92 m 6 .Chieu cao man tau H: Nhng yeu to can suy xet khi la chon chieu cao man:
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KCH THC & TUYEN HNH

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u man kho, thoa man yeu cau ng tai trong. u d tr lc noi, thoa man yeu cau tnh chong chm. u dung tch khoang hang. Anh hng oi vi tnh on nh.
H = K 3 * Pn
1 3

= 15.6m

K3 : he so phu thuoc kch thc tau va tai trong . theo tai lieu thong ke nhng tau co trong trai t 22000 34000 th he so K3 nam trong khoang t 0.46 0.54 . vi tau thiet ke ta chon he so K3 = 0.48 Pn =27000 T : Chon H = 14,4 m oi vi tau hoat ong khu vc khong han che B/H < 2,5 Vay so vi tau TK ta co ty so B/H=1,692 thoa man. 7.Chon cac he so beo cua tau : a-He so beo the tch CB ( ): Theo Alexander ( STT TI trang 35)
1 V C B = 1.04 . = 0.782 2 L

Theo cong thc cua be th Wageningen ( STT TI trang 35)

C B = 1.137 0.6 V L = 0.8

V: toc o khai thac chon v = 13 HL/h Chon he so beo cho tau thiet ke la : CB = 0.786 b.Chon so Fr: Chon he so Fr theo CB Theo cong thc cua Alexander :
C B = 1,08 1,68 Fr 1,08 C B Fr = = 0,175 1,68

Theo cong thc cua be th Wagenigen :

C B = 1,137 2,1Fr 1,137 C B Fr = = 0,167 2,1 v = 0.175 Theo Froude : Fr = g .L

Vay ta chon Fr cho tau thiet ke : Fr = 0,175 c.Xac nh he so lang tru CP ( ): He so lang tru anh hng en sc can than tau. Theo cong thc Nogid ta co : Khi Fr < 0,24 th so CP c xac nh theo cong thc sau C P = 1,015 1,46.Fr = 0,758 (trang 38 STT TI) Trong o Fr = 0,175 Theo cong thc kinh nghiem :
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(trang 143 TKTT) Vi tau co he so Cb > 0.74 ta dung cong thc : CP = 1.214 2.32Fr = 0.805 ( TKTT T143) Vay chon he so lang tru CP = 0.795 d.He so beo sn gia CM ( ) :
CM = CB = 0,988 CP

KCH THC & TUYEN HNH C P = 1.214 2.32 Fr + 0.133(10 Fr 2.3) 3 = 0.785

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cong thc (2-28) trang 38- so tay

STKTT I CB :he so the tch chiem nc CP: : anh hng ti sc can than tau e.He so dien tch mat ng nc CW ( ) : He so dien tch mat ng nc CW co quan he ti tnh on nh cua tau, tnh chay nhanh va tnh hang hai. Theo Burgeas ve CW cua tau dau, trang 60 - so tay KTTT:I : CW = (1,09 1,12) CP = 0,87 Trong o CP = 0,79 Thng he so dien tch mat ng nc c xem la ham cua CP hoac CB
CW = C B 0,025 = 0,86

Vay chon Cw = 0,86 8. Nghiem lai lng chiem nc (LCN) : a.LCN cua tau tnh theo cac kch thc chu yeu : LPP = 168 m B = 28 m H = 14,4 m T = 9.92 m CB = 0.786 CM = 0.988 CW = 0.86 CP = 0.795 : 1,025 he so Dsb = C B LBT = 37595 (tan) So sanh lng chiem nc s bo theo trong tai va lng chiem nc theo kch thc va chon : Nh vay sai so gia hai lng chiem nc < 3% : Thoa man b.Tnh cac trong lng thanh phan cua LCN : D= Pv + Pm+ Ph + Pdt + Ptb + Pht + Pdm + Ptv,n,tp Trong o: Pv : Trong lng than tau Pm : Trong lng cua may Ph : Trong lng hang hoa
GVHD : Ks. Mai Van Toan SVTH :Lng Thanh Ty 37595 37500 .100% = 0.25 % 37595

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Pdt : Trong lng d tr lng chiem nc Ptb : Trong lng trang thiet b Pht : Trong lng he thong Pdm : Trong lng dau m Ptv,n,tp : Trong lng thuyen vien , nc sinh hoat va thc pham Xac nh thanh phan trong lng Pv Trong lng vo c xac nh : Pv = L.B.H. p v = 10161 T p v la he so khoi lng cua than tau tra bang 2-47 trang 102 STKTT Tap I. oi vi tau dau : p v = (0,15 0,2); Chon p v = 0,15 t/m3 L,B,H : Cac kch thc chnh cua tau, m Vay Pv = 10161 T Xac nh thanh phan trong lng Pm: Cong suat may chnh :Ne = 9060 HP = 6752,5 kW Pm= pm.Ne pm: ch so trong lng buong may ( trang 22 TKTT) pm = Pm = 256595 (KG) = 256,6 T Trong lng d tr lng chiem nc Pdt : Khi thiet ke tau dau khong theo tau mau th lng d tr tang len. (13%D) => chon Pdt =1,2%D= 451.44 T Vi :D = 37595 T Trong lng trang thiet b Ptb: Ptb = ptb*D2/3 = 280,56 T ptb = 0.25 ( ST LTTK trang 15) Trong lng he thong Pht : Pht = pht*D2/3= 336,67 T pth = 0.3 ( ST LTTK trang 15) Trong lng nhien lieu, dau m, nc cap Pdm : Pdm = Pnl + Pbt + Pwt Pnl : trong lng nhien lieu dung cho may chnh va cac ni khac tren tau . Pbt : trong lng dau m boi trn . Pwt : trong lng nc cap . Ty le gia cac thanh phan tuy thuoc vao kieu may dung tren tau . Pdm = kD. Pnl = kD . kM . t. pnl. Ne = 309982 kG = 309.98 T Theo so lieu thong ke, da tren quan he gia Pbt / Pnl va Pwt / Pnl Pbt / Pnl = 0.015-0.060 ; Pwt / Pnl = 0.05- 0.2 kD = 1.0651.26 chon kD = 1.08
800 80 720 = 1/ 3 Ne 6752.51 / 3

= 38

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KCH THC & TUYEN HNH

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kM : he so an toan cho chuyen i e phong trng hp keo dai thi gian hanh trnh do bao , s co ngoai y muon , kM = 1,1 t : thi gian hanh trnh 8 ngay cho ca cuoc hanh trnh = 192 gi pnl : suat tieu hao nhien lieu , pnl = 0.15 (kg/HP.h) Ne : cong suat may = 9060 HP Vay : Pdm = 310 T Trong lng thuyen vien , nc sinh hoat va thc pham Ptv,n,tp: oan thuyen vien tren tau c bo tr 25 ngi gom :12 s quan va 13 thuy thu Vi s quan : trong lng ban than va hanh ly 180 kG/1ngi Vi thuy thu : trong lng ban than va hanh ly 130 kG/1ngi Trong lng trung bnh cho moi thuyen vien ke ca hanh ly la 150 kG Nc uong va tam ra cho moi thuyen vien trong mot ngay em la 100 kG Lng thc pham cho moi thuyen vien trong mot ngay em la 3 kG Lng thc thc pham, nc uong : (100 + 3) * 8 * 25 = 20600 kg = 20,6 T Thuyen vien : 150 *25 = 3750 kg = 3,75 T Nh vay khoi lng thuyen vien ke ca hanh ly va lng thc d tr la : Vay : Ptv,n,tp = 24,35 T Trong lng hang hoa Ph : Ph = DW (Pdm + Ptv,n,tp) = 26665 T D = 38495 T Nghiem lai lng chiem nc: e at c s am bao an toan, sai so cho phep cua lng chiem nc ch Chc vu So ngi c khong Thuyen trng , thuyen qua 3%. Ta pho 1,2 3 co lng May trng , May pho chiem nc 1,2 3 Dsb = 37595 T ien trng, vo tuyen 38495 37595 ien 4 38495 Bac s , Y s 2 100% = 2,3% Thuy thu 6 Th may 4 Cap dng 3 GVHD : Ks. Mai Van Toan
SVTH :Lng Thanh Ty

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KCH THC & TUYEN HNH

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o sai lech gia D va Dsb < 3% Ket luan : thoa man 9.Kiem tra on nh: Tnh on nh la mot ac trng hang hai cua tau xac nh kha nang cua no chong lai cac nguyen nhan lam tau nghieng khoi v tr can bang. Kiem tra chieu cao tam nghieng h:

h = Z c + ro Z g h h0

Trong o : ro : ban knh on nh ngang Zc : chieu cao tam noi tnh en ng chuan ay Zg : chieu trong tam tnh en ng chuan ay h : : tr so giam chieu cao on nh ban au do anh hng cua mat thoang Theo thong ke t cac tau mau : ho = 1.5 2.5 ( bang 260 ,STKTTT1 ) Ban knh on nh ngang : Vi a tnh theo cong thc cua Vlaxov :
a= 1 (0,0902 .CW 0,02) = 0,073 CB B2 ro = a = 5,77 m T

B,T : chieu rong ,chieu chm cua tau Cao o tam noi : Zc = a*T = 5,029 m Vi a tnh theo cong thc cua Albarct:
a = 1,1 0,6.C M = 0,507

Cao o trong tam : Zg/H = 0,56 , suy ra Zg = 8,064 m h = 0.35 m Vi : 1 = 0.75 T/m3 trong lng rieng cua dau la 2 = 0.85 T/m3 trong lng rieng cua dau DO 3 = 0.64 T/m3 trong lng rieng cua xang may bay 4 = 0.66 T/m3 trong lng rieng cua xang
l 1b 3 J 2 =J 3 = = 4724 m4 2 12n 3 lb J 1 = 1 2 = 4488 m4 12n l b3 J 4 = 1 2 = 4370 m4 12 n l1 = 30,4 m
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l2 = 32 m l3 = 32 m l4 = 29,6 m b = 12,1 m n=1 Vay ta co h = 2,385 m so vi h0 tra bang (2-60) STKTT. TI: h0=(1,5-2,5) ta co 1,5<h0<2,5 : Ket luan tau u on nh 10.Kiem tra tnh lac cua tau : Chu k lac ngang :
T = 0,58 B 2 + 4Z g ho
2

= 12 s

Trong o : T : chu k lac ngang ,s B : chieu rong tau ,m Zg : chieu cao trong tam cua tau tnh t ng chuan ay , m ho : chieu cao on nh ban au, m Theo thong ke t cac tau mau : T = 9 12 s ( bang 2-74 , STKTTT1) 11Kiem tra dung tch khoang hang : Dung tch e ch hang la : Vcb = xdxPh = 34131 m3 Vi : xd = 1,28 he so xep d hang , Ph = 26665 tan Theo Nogid th dung tch tau dau c tnh theo cong thc sau : Vkh = a1.a2.l.B.H = 35635 m3 Trong o : V : dung tch co ch cua khoang dau a1 = 1 ,tau dau co o cong mep boong bnh thng a2 = v : he so the tch xet en o banh trng cua dau la va phan the tch b chiem bi cac ket cau, ng ong trong khoang l = 124m : chieu dai khoang hang B = 24,2 m : chieu rong khoang hang H = 12,5 m : chieu cao khoang hang e am bao ch u het hang th Vkh > Vch ; Vay tau u dung tch II.TUYEN HNH : Cac thong so chu yeu cua tau thiet ke : Chieu dai gia hai tru Lpp = 168 m Chieu rong B = 28 m Chieu cao man H = 14,4 m Chieu chm thiet ke Ttk = 9,92 m
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KCH THC & TUYEN HNH

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He so beo the tch He so beo sn gia He so beo doc lang tru: He so beo ng nc Lng chiem nc Trong tai

CB CM CP CW D DWT

= = = =

0.786 0.988 0.795 0.86 : 37595 T : 27000 T

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