prof.

tariel futkaraZe olTisi: saxelis etimologiisa da cixe-qalaqis realuri istoriisaTvis dokumenturi wyaroebis mixedviT olTisi aris saqarTvelos istoriuli mxaris - taos - Zveli cixe-qalaqis saxeli. am oikonimis transformirebuli varianti - olTu (<olTisi) amJamad hqvia olTisis cixis garSemo gaSenebul patara qalaqs, romelic TurqeTis respublikis erzerumis vilaieTSi Sedis. toponimi olTisi dadasturebulia qvemo qarTlSic - walkaSic1. olTis- fuZeSi SesaZlebelia gamoiyos olT- Ziri da -is sufiqsi, romelic qarTvelur enobriv velSi warmomavlobas, naTesaobas gamioxatavs; rac Seexeba -olTsegments: vfiqrobT, -olT- aris Zveli urartul-qarTveluri RvTaebis aRmniSvneli saxelis ardis/xaldis/qarTus - kidev erTi fonetikuri varianti: *olTi; kerZod, savaraudod, vrcel xuritul-urartul-qarTvelur sivrceSi (vanis tbidan Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiromde) iyo ganfenili RvTaeba ardi/qarTu/xaldis salocavebi; Sesabamisad, RvTaebis aRmniSvneli amosavali *ard- fuZis winamavali xmovnis labiovelarizebuli SemarTva sxvadasxva enobriv Tu dialeqtur velSi gansxvavebul variantebad (a, va, qa/xa, qa...u, a...u) transformirda2 da Sedegad miviReT ramdenime kanonzomieri fonetikuri varianti: *ard- > qard-/qarT- (labiovelaruli komponentis q-d realizebiT): qarT-l-i, kard-en-ax-i3; Sdr.: aRzevani/qaRzevani; *ard- > vard- (labiovelaruli komponentis v-d realizebiT); vard-cixe, varZ-ia (< vard-ia)4; *ard- > *qardu-/qarTu- (labiovelaruli komponentis gaxleCiTa da v/u-s metaTezisiT): qarTu-el-i5; *ard- > ard-/arT- (labiovelaruli komponentis dakargviT): ard-ubani, arT-vini (<arTovani)6; qard-/qart-: art-a-an-i7; *ard- > ord-/olT- (labiovelarulSemarTviani a-s o-d qceviT: a > o): olT-is-i8; xald-/olT- Sdr.: xabareni/obareni; *olT-/ord- variantisgan Cans miRebuli ord-u (qalaqis saxeli)...
1
2

v. beriZe, Zveli qarTuli xuroTmoZRvreba, 1974, gv. 26. t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi), quTaisi, 2005, gv. 166; 3 g. qavTaraZe, iberiis samefos arsebobis arsi Zveli saistorio wyaroebis mixedviT; mnaTobi, 7-8, 2003, SeniSvna 176; t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi), quTaisi, 2005, gv. 166-181 4 t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi), quTaisi, 2005, gv. 166; 5 t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi), quTaisi, 2005, gv. 166-167; 6 g. qavTaraZe, iberiis samefos arsebobis arsi Zveli saistorio wyaroebis mixedviT; mnaTobi, 7-8, 2003, SeniSvna 176; 7 g. qavTaraZe, iberiis samefos arsebobis arsi Zveli saistorio wyaroebis mixedviT; mnaTobi, 7-8, 2003, SeniSvna 176; 8 t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi), quTaisi, 2005, gv. 166;

Tu davuSvebT, rom labiovelarizebuli SemarTvis mqone *ardi uflis aRmniSvneli zogadi saxeli iyo wina aziur enobriv velSi (xuritul-kavkasiur da indoevropul enebSi)9, amave Zirs SeiZleba daukavSirdes RmerT- da m-arT-alfuZeebic: ard > RvarT > RmarT- > RmerT (iberiul-kavkasiuri enobrivi samyarosTvis bunebrivia labiovelaruli komponentis realizeba Rv/xv kompleqsad)10. arT- > m-arT-al-, sadac m- -- -al- warmomavlobis mawarmoebeli konfiqsia, Sesabamisad, marTali - RvTisnieri (Sdr.: egrisi - m-egr-el-i)11. bunebrivia, ar gamoiricxeba, rom olT-is- fuZis sxvagvari etimologiac12, magram kvlevis am etapze ufro misaRebi meCveneba hipoTeturi *ard-/qarT- Ziris fonetikur variantTa amgvari paradigma. istoriuli olTus cixe dRes turistTa yuradRebis erT-erTi gamorCeuli obieqtia; istoriuli eqskursis formatiT cixis karebTan turistebs xvdebaT Semdegi orenovani warwera:

m.andronikaSvilis azriT, arTa/ard- RvTaeba indoevripuli warmoSobis sityvaa (m.andronikaSvili, narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli enobrivi urTierTobidan, Tb., 1966, gv. 26-27; 10 t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi), quTaisi, 2005, gv. 167 (ufro vrclad sxvagan gveqneba msjeloba). 11 m.andronikaSvilis azriT m-arT-al- fuZeSi arTa/ard- RvTaebis aRmniSvneli indoevripuli fuZea (m.andronikaSvili, narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli enobrivi urTierTobidan, Tb., 1966, gv. 26-27; t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi), quTaisi, 2005, gv. 166-167; 12 Sdr., mag., m. beriZis azriT, toponimi olT-is-i SeiZleba momdinareobdes "olTa" fuZidan; saTevzao iaraRi: olTa - grZeli Zua mravali ankesiT (m. beriZe, mesxeTis toponimTa struqturisa da istoriisaTvis, Tb., 2008, gv. 224-225). am saintereso mosazrebaSi bundovania "olTa" fuZis semantika.
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Targmani ase gamoiyureba: "olTus simbolo - olTus cixe - aravin icis, rodis aSenda; varaudoben, rom is agebulia am adgilebSi mcxovrebi urartuelebis mier qristes Sobamde 1000 wlis win. es cixe funqcionirebda berZnebis, romalebisa da bizantielebis drosac. Sida cixes garedan akravs Zveli qalaqis sqeli kedeli. Sida cixe-simagre dRemde ucvleladaa SemorCenili. qalaqis gare kedlebi mdinaris aRmosavleT mxares miuyveboda. me-11 saukuneSi, seljukebis dros, Sida cixis aRmosavleT nawilSi aSenda axali abano. me-16 saukuneSi olTus cixe osmaloebis mier SekeTda"13. Zeglis Sesaxeb informacia odnav gansxvavebulia Turqul enciklopediebSi; davimowmebT erT-erT sainterneto versias: "qalaq erzurumis raionis olTis mdinaris gverdiT goraze mdebare cixe agebulia Cven welTaRricxvamde IV saukuneSi. cixe SekeTebulia (ganaxlebulia) bizantielTa, selCukebisa da osmaloebis dros; SekeTebis Sesaxeb raime warwera dRemde ar aris moRweuli. osmaleTis dros erTi periodi olTis cixe qarvaslad iyo gamoyenebuli. olTis cixe agebulia gaTlili qviT. gare cixe da cixisimagris galavani dRemde ar aris moRweuli. dRes mxolod Sida cixea dasaTvaliereblad vargisi..."14.
komentarisTvis ix.: http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?pid=611839&id=1134800600 http://www.kenthaber.com/dogu-anadolu/erzurum/oltu/Rehber/kaleler/oltu-kalesi"Erzurum Oltu ilesinde, Oltu ay kysndaki tepe zerinde bulunan kale M. IV. Yzylda yaplmtr. Kale Bizans, Seluklu, Akkoyunlu, Karakoyunlu ve Osmanl dnemlerinde onarlmtr. Ancak bu onarmlar belirten bur kitabe
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sruliad gansxvavebulad warmoadgenen olTisis istorias somxebi: olTi ( , : oRTiq/uRTiq/uRTis/uxTiq/aRTiq) - qalaqi didi 15 somxeTis taiqis olqis oqaRes mxareSi; mdebareobs Woroxis aRmosavleTi mxaris Senakadis - mdinare olTis napirTan (olTi, ist. uxTiq - mdinare mTian somxeTSi16). olTi pirvelad moixsenieba X-XI saukuneebis wyaroebSi, magram daarsebulia gacilebiT adre. olTi Tavdapirvelad ekuTvnoda mamikonianTa sanaxararo saxls. Semdeg gadavida bagratunianebTan (somexi feodalebi). iyo istoriuli taos 17 sakuropalatos centri . am ukanasknelis dacemis Semdeg (1000 w.) es olqi SeierTa bizantiis sakeisrom. es ZiriTadad somxebiT dasaxlebuli qalaqi Semdeg aRmoCnda Turq-seljukTa, monRolTa, Turqmanuli tomebisa da, bolos, me-16 saukunidan Turqebis xelSi18... 1829 wlis zafxulSi rusTa jarma mokle droiT daipyro olTi. 1977-78 wlebis omis Semdeg olTisi rogorc yarsis okrugis nawili, moeqca ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi. me-19 saukunis 40-ian wlebSi olTisSi iyo 142 komli; 1878 wels 1092 komli, romelTagan 1000 komli iyo somexi (200 iyo adgilobrivi somexi, xolo 800 somxuri ojaxi aq movida 1877-1878 wlebis ruseT-TurqeTis omis Semdeg TurqeTis sxva raionebidan). olTisSi somxebs hqondaT skola da ramdenime saswavlebeli... cixe agebulia bagratunianTa dros - X-XI saukuneebSi. cixis SigniT iyo RvTismSoblis eklesia, romelic gadakeTda monastrad. garda amisa, qalaqs hqonda ori somxuri eklesia (wmida giorgisa da wmida iovanesi). mniSvnelovania mdinare olTis xidi, romelic dRemdea SemorCenili. pirveli msoflio omis dros, 1915 wels Turqebma daikaves olTisi, magram, maleve dakarges. 1918 wels TurqTa jarebma kvlav daipyres olTisi da gaJlites somxebi. gadarCenili somxebi gadasaxldnen amierkavkasiaSi da sxvagan"...19
gnmze gelememitir. Osmanl dneminde bir sre kervansaray olarak da kullanlmtr. Erzurum Oltu ilesinde, Oltu ay kysndaki tepe zerinde bulunan kale M. IV. Yzylda yaplmtr. Kale Bizans, Seluklu, Akkoyunlu, Karakoyunlu ve Osmanl dnemlerinde onarlmtr. Ancak bu onarmlar belirten bur kitabe gnmze gelememitir. Osmanl dneminde bir sre kervansaray olarak da kullanlmtr. Oltu Kalesi kesme tatan yaplmtr. Gnmze d kale ile surlar gelememitir. Bugn yalnzca i kale grlebilmektedir. Kalenin kuzeyindeki iki burtan biri trbe olarak kullanlmtr. Ayrca kale ierisinde bulunan hamam da dier blmlere gre ok daha iyi durumda gnmze gelebilmitir. Oltu Kalesi kesme tatan yaplm ve 3000 m2lik bir alana yaylmtr. Gnmze d kale ile surlar gelememitir. Bugn yalnzca i kale grlebilmektedir. Kalenin kuzeyindeki iki burtan biri trbe olarak kullanlmtr. Ayrca kale ierisinde bulunan hamam da dier blmlere gre ok daha iyi durumda gnmze gelebilmitir". 15 igulisxmeba qarTuli - tao (t.f.) 16 gaugebaria, istoriuli qarTuli mxare - tao ratom cxaddeba mTian somxeTad (t.f.). 17 araa miTiTebuli am sakuropalatos qarTuloba da daviT kuropalatis qarTveloba. 18 sruliad ignorirebulia olTisis dasacavad saukunoobiT mimdinare qarTvelTa brZolebi da qarTuli warwerebi olTisis cixis eklesiaSi, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT taos qarTulobaze. olTisis qarTvelebis Sesaxeb msjelobisaTvis ix.: e. TayaiSvili, arqeologiuri eqspedicia kola-olTissa da CanglSi, parizi, 1917. 19 wyaro: "somxuri sabWoTa enciklopedia", t. XII, gv. 527-528, erevani, 1986. statiis avtoria T. hakofiani, romelic asaxelebs or wyaros: R. iWiWiani, aRwera Zveli somxeTisa" 1822; R. aliSani, "didi somxeTis aRwera" 1855. Cemi TxovniT somxuri teqsti qarTulad gadmoTargmna prof. merab robaqiZem, risTvisac mas did madlobas movaxseneb.

aq mokled aRvniSnav: armenTa tomebi anatolia-kavkasiaSi Semodian Zv.w. VI-V saukuneebidan. jer kidev maSin, Zv.w. VIII saukuneSi, rodesac diaoxi Zlieri civilizebuli qveyana iyo, armenebis winaprebi iranis tramalebSi momTabareobdnen. sayuradReboa isic, rom gvianac ucxoa olTisi somxebisdTvis, ris gamoc "qarTlis cxovrebis" somxur TargmanSi damaxinjebulia olTisis saxeli20; olTisis namdvili istoriisaTvis ix., qvemoT. olTisis istoriis SedarebiT obieqturi versia aris inglisurenovan sainformacio qselSi (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oltu): Oltu (Armenian: Ughtik or Ultik, Georgian: Oltisi, Russian: Olti) is a town and district of Erzurum Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It was historically considered to be a part of Tao-Klarjeti, ancient Georgian region. The town grew up on the site of the ancient Georgian and Byzantine fortress of Oukhiti. Oltu, which has the geographic coordinates of 41-5900'N latitude and 40-3400'E longitude, is geographically located through the Oltu Brook Valley, a tributary of the oruh River, to the northeastern region of Turkey. It has geographically mountainous topography with forests sprayed at large. The highest hills are Akda of 3030m and Krda of 2000m. Annual average temperature is 10.2C. Oltu is famous for its Oltu stone or Oltu Gemstone, known as Black Amber with dull-bright black color and carved to produce jewelry, rosary beads, key-chains, pipes and boxes. warmodgenili teqsti CvenTvis arsebiTi cvlilebiT devs sxva vebgverdze (http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Oltu); kerZod, am informaciaSi Secvlilia fraza: It was historically considered to be a part of Tao-Klarjeti, ancient Georgian region (olTisi istoriulad Sedioda saqarTvelos istoriuli regionSi - tao-klarjeTSi); kerZod, vkiTxulobT: somexTa TvalsazrisiT olTu istoriulad iyo Tayk-is (or Tao-Klarjeti) nawili: It was historically considered to be part of the Tayk (or Tao-Klarjeti) region from the Armenian viewpoint. Sdr., sruli teqsti: Oltu (Armenian: Ughtik or Ultik, Georgian: Oltisi, Russian: Olti) is a town and district of Erzurum Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It was historically considered to be part of the Tayk (or Tao-Klarjeti) region from the Armenian viewpoint. The town grew up on the site of the old Georgian and Byzantine fortress of Oukhiti. Oltu, which has the geographic coordinates of 41-5900'N latitude and 40-3400'E longitude, is geographically located through the Oltu Brook Valley, a tributary of the oruh River, to the northeastern region of Turkey. It has geographically mountainous topography with forests sprayed at large. The highest hills are Akda of 3030m and Krda of 2000m. Annual average temperature is
somxur TargmanSi olTisis saxelis damaxinjebis Sesaxeb msjelobisaTvis ix.: i. abulaZe, 1944, gv. 032). zogi somexi mecnieris mcdeloba, rom yvelaferi qarTuli somxurad gamoacxados, araerTxel gamxdara kritikis obieqti; toponim olTisis Sesaxeb ix., mag., n. berZeniSvili, narkvevebi, Tb., 2005, gv. 274.
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10.2C. Oltu is famous for its Oltu Stone or Oltu Gemstone, known as Black Amber with dull-bright black color and carved to produce jewelry, rosary beads, key-chains, pipes and boxes21. samwuxarod, rogorc vxedavT, arc olTisis cixis sacnobaro dafaze da arc Turqul-somxur-inglisur enovan informaciebSi araferi weria imis Sesaxeb, rom es cixe-qalaqi mdebareobda diaoxSi. rom aRaraferi vTqvaT qarTvelTa mefis - daviT kuropalatis - vinaobaze; arc isaa aRniSnuli, rom olTisi qarTvelTa samTavros samcxe-saaTabagos centri iyo ramdenime saukunis win. olTisis akademiuri istoriis gamoqveynebiTa da turistebze obieqturi informaciis miwodebiT dRes arafers daekargeba TurqeTs, qarTveli eris mier Seqminili memkvidreobis Senaxvas ki xels Seuwyobs. axla ki mogawvdiT olTisis im istorias, romelic gamotovebulia Turqul-somxur Tu inglisurenovan versiebSi: Zveli msoflios yvela akademiur rukaze Cans, rom Zv.w. II-I aTaswleulebis mijnaze arsebuli saxelmwifo - daiaeni/diaoxi (savaraudod qarTveluri modgmis xalxis qveyana)22 moicavda gviandel taos. kolxasa da urartus mier diaoxis gayofis Semdeg, Woroxis xeoba (olTisiTurT) istoriuli kolxeTis nawili Cans; prof. doqt. veli sevinis monawileobiT 2001 wels gamocemuli urartus rukis mixedviTac Woroxis xeoba ar Sedis urartus SemadgenlobaSi, Tumca, Znelia Tqma, sad moiazreba olTisis wyalis xeoba:

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http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Oltu ix., .. . . .,1969; ix, agreTve: g. qavTaraZe, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi ganviTarebis sakiTxebi, kavkasiologiuri seria, II, Tb., 2006, gv. 44, sadac avtori daiaeni/diauxis Sesaxeb vrceli ucxouri da qarTuli samecniero literaturis mimoxilvis Semdeg askvnis: daiaeni/diauxi unda yofiliyo qarTuli saxelmwifoebis winapari qveyana; diaoxSia sagulvebeli qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi tradiciis fesvebi.

bunebrivia ar gamoiricxeba, rom kolxasa da urartus mier diaoxis gayofis procesSi, raRac momentSi, SeiZleboda diaoxis mTel teritoriaze urartusac ganevrco batonoba, magram am SemTxvevaSic, olTisi mainc daiaenis/diaoxis (gviandeli taos) teritoriazea da ara urartus; ix., mag.:23

mogvianebiT, tao aris farnavazisa da qujis mier aRdgenili qarTlis saxelmwifos nawili; kerZod, "qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT, artaanTan azosa da azos mxardamWeri berZnebis (pontoelebis) damarcxebis Semdeg farnavazi akontrolebs azos dasayrden samxreT saqarTvelosac. aqve ismis kiTxva: farnavazis romel saerisTavoSi Sedioda tao (olTisiTurT): klarjeTis, oZrxis Tu wundis? meti albaTobiT, Woroxis xeoba olTisiTurT klarjeTis saerisTavoSi Sedioda;
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http://www.angelfire.com/hi/Azgaser/map2.html

Sdr., qarTuli wyaros mixedviT, oZrxosi aSenebs Tuxariss, romelic klarjeTisa da taos sazRvarzea; q.c. 1955, gv. 9, 131). am TvalsazrisiT saintereso "qarTlis cxovrebis" Zveli somxuri Targmanis Cveneba; kerZod, teqstSi vkiTxulobT: "mexuTe gagzavna wundiss, faravnidan mdinare mtkvris Tavamdis, romeli ars javaxeTi da artahanamdis; meeqvse gagzavna unZraxiss da misca mas taodan arsianamdis da ostanis Tavidan zRvamdis (romeli aris samcxe da aWara)24; meSvide gagzavna klarjeTs da misca mas arsianidan zRvamdis..." (i.abulaZe, 1953, gv. 34-35). ramdenadac "qarTlis cxovrebis" qarTul versiaSi taos nacvlad taSiskaria, Cans, somexi mTargmnelisTvis tao saqarTveloa; sxva SemTxvevaSi mas tao da taSiskari erTmaneTSi ar aereoda. welTaRricxvaTa mijnaze garkveuli droiT taos somxebi ipyroben. gorgasalis dros tao qarTlis nawilia. imertao (bana, olTisi...) qarTvelTa sacxovrisia arabobis drosac; mag., olTisTan axlos (30 km.) mdebare bana VII saukunidan iyo didi qarTuli qristianuli centri. VII saukuneSi agebuli da IX-X saukuneebSi gadakeTebuli banas taZari aris Zveli qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis TvalsaCino Zegli. ax.w. X saukuneSi olTisi qarTvelTa mefis - daviT III didi kurapalatis rezidencia iyo; daviT kuropalatis sikvdilis Semdeg (1001) qarTvelTa mefeTa mefe gurgeni ecada olTisis xelSi Cagdebas, magram bizantiis winaaRmdegobas waawyda. qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviTac, XI saukunis dasawyisSi bizantiisa da saqarTvelos politikuri sazRvari olTisis xazze gadioda; raRac momentSi olTiss isev qarTvelebi vakontrolebdiT; kerZod, 10021 wels, saqarTvelos mefem - giorgi I-ma Tavi aarida basil II-Tan brZolas: datova da gadawva sakuTari cixe-qalaqi - olTisi25. "qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT XI saukunis meore naxevarSi olTisni26, kari (yarsi) da karnu-qalaqi (erzerumi) qarTveli mxedarTmTavaris - grigol bakurianisZis27 sagamgebloa, romelic, nominalurad emorCileba bizantiis imperators, magram faqtobrivad eqvemdebareba saqarTvelos mefes (giorgi II-s), romlis kuTvnilebaa tao; kerZod, qarTul wyaroSi vkiTxulobT: Turq-seljukebis damarcxebis Semdeg "warvida mefe giorgi mamulsa Tvissa taos, da movida banas" (q.c. 1955, gv. 318). banaSi mas ewvia grigol bakurianisZe, romelsac man (grigolma) gadasca qalaqi yarsi (q.c. 1955, gv. 318).
aWara da samcxe Tavsdeba "ostanis Tavidan zRvamde" regionSi; Sdr., "qarTlis cxovreba": oZrxis saerisTavo - taSiskaridan arsianamde da nostis Tavidan zRvamde. 25 '"qarTlis cxovreba~, Tb., 1955, gv. 284, 383. 26 olTisni - olTisi da misi mimdebare teritoria; Sdr.: imerxeul da taour kiloebSi xSiria amgvari warmoeba, oRond -n-s nacvlad gamoyenebulia -T-: jvari - adgilis saxeli; jvar-T-i - es adgili misi mimdebare teritoriiTurT; vrclad ix.: t. futkaraZe, imerxevis metyveli miwawyali, Tbilisi, 2006 27 es is taoeli qarTveli grigol bakurianisZea, romelmac bulgareTSi aago petriwonis qarTuli monasteri (am dros bulgareTi Sedioda bizantiis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi). msjelobisatvis ix., i. javaxiSvili, txzulebani 12 tomad, t. II, gv. 159-161.
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Sdr., "qarTlis cxovrebis" Zveli somxuri Targmanis varianti: "roca giorgi mefe banaks iyo, movida masTan grigoli, bakuranis Ze, uxtisa (=olTisis), karisa da qalaq karinis patroni..." (i. abulaZe, 1953, gv. 235). aqve aRvniSnav, rom qarTul wyaroebSi olT-is-i erTaderTi, da vfiqrob, gamWvirvale etimologiis variantiT dasturdeba; am sityvis fuZe aSkarad ukavSirdeba regionis sxva toponimebis fuZeebs; somxurSi igi spontanuri fonetikuri variantebiT (uxti, Ughtik or Ultik...) dasturdeba, rac cxadyofs, rom Tavdapirvelad somxebisTvis es toponimi ucxo iyo. saqarTveloSi didi Turqobis dros (XI-XII ss. mijna) olTiss selCukebi flobdnen, magram Turq-selCuqebis damarcxebis Semdeg daviT IV aRmaSenebelma ukan daibruna es mxare (seljukebTan brZolebis dros olTisi kidev erTxel gadaiwva). amis Semdgom olTisi isev saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi iyo XIII saukunis 40-ian wlebamde. saqarTvelos didi mefis, Tamaris memkvidris - laSa-giorgis - dros seljukTa memkvidreebma scades olTisisa da misi mimdebare teritoriebis warTmeva, magram yvaryvare jayel-cixisjvarelma mesxTa jariT SeZlo maTi damarcxeba da saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan gandevna28. monRolTa batonobis xanaSi (umefobis periodSi), mcireazielma Turqmanebma olTisi droebiT daikaves, magram igi male gaaTavisufla samcxis (qarTvelebis) laSqarma. Temur-lengis Semosevebis dros (1386-1403 ww) misma urdoebma olTisi sastikad aaoxres. cnobilia isic, rom XV saukunis miwuruls, saqarTvelos erTiani samefos daSlis Semdeg, olTisi samcxe-saaTabagos samTavros SemadgenlobaSia; olTissa da mis Semogarens qarTuli feodaluri sagvareulo - jayelTa dinastia - ganagebs. XVII saukuneSi manuCar aTabagma (manuCar III 1607-1628) erTi periodi olTisi kaxeTis mefe Teimurazs (1606-1648 ww) gadasca. maSin roca Teimuraz I amaliT stambolSi TurqeTis sulTans - mustafas (1617-1618, 1622-1623 ww) eaxla, mefem olTisSi datova Tavisi meuRle dedofali xoreSani. Teimuraz I-is mier TurqeTis sulTnisadmi morCilebis gamocxadebam iranis Sahi abas I gaaRiziana da olTisSi dedofal xoreSanis Sesapyrobad amirgune xani gaagzavna, romelmac ver SeZlo cixis aReba da ukan gabrunda. XVI saukuneSi osmaleTis saxelmwifos gaZlierebis Semdeg saqarTvelos samxreTi teritoriebi, maT Soris olTisi, qarTveli Tavadebis - jayelebis - Ralatis gamo osmaleTis mflobelobaSi gadavida. jayelebi osmaleTis karis moxeleebad iqcnen da am gziT es mxare samarTavad daitoves.
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batoniSvili vaxuSti, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, wignSi: qarTlis cxovreba. t. IV. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier. Tb. 1973, gv. 209. vaxuStisve cnobiT: "Woroxis aRmosavleTis kidezed, ars olTisi, qalaqi kargi da keTil-haovanni. aq aris cixe magari da didSeni.Aars meore sajdomi aTabagisa" (iqve, gv. 683).

osmaluri dokumenturi wyaroebis safuZvelze Turqi mecnieri nebi gumiSi TurqTa mier qarTuli miwebis, maT Soris, olTus (olTisis) dapyrobas ase aRwers: "qarTveli Tavadebi am brZolaSi did rols TamaSobdnen. stambulSi daculia topkapi sarai arwivis naSromi, romlis Tanaxmadac Tavidan Tavadebi mxars yvaryvares uWerdnen, magram mogvianebiT manuCaris mxares gadavidnen. Tumca, mas Semdeg, rac Tavadebma Seityves, rom iranelebis 3000 kaciani jari maT teritorias uaxlovdeboda, maT mxardaWera Sewyvites da amiT manuCari Zalze daazarales. Tumca isic unda aRvniSnoT, rom manuCari daufiqreblad moiqca, rodesac olTus cixe-simagre - Tavisi kuTxis dedaqalaqi - miatova. yvaryvarem es Sansi xelidan ar gauSva da cixesimagre daikava. aTabagi yvaryvare (1515-1535 ww) safavidebis mxardaWeras mudam grZnobda, amitom otomanebis mxares gadavida. magram 1535 wels 15 agvistos, murkaxeTis brZolis dros igi imereTis mefem daatyveva da misi teritoriebi Tavis samefos daumorCila. mamis datyvevebis Semdeg, oTar SalikaSvilis rCeviT, ufliswulma qaixosrom daxmarebisTvis otomanebs mimarTa. Tavdapirvelad otomanebis daxmareba arcTu efeqturi aRmoCnda da ufliswulma imereTis mefe verc erT brZolaSi ver daamarcxa... 1543 wlis gazafxulze musa faSam samcxis dasapyrobad brZola daiwyo da olTus cixe-simagres alya Semoartya. am sisxlismRvrel brZolaSi igi imereTis mefes, bagrats (1510--1565) daupirispirda. Serkinebis dros faSa daiWra, ris Sedegadac otomanebis armia mterTan brZolaSi male damaracxda. es ambavi daiarbekris beglarbeim, hadim ali faSam Seityo. igi maSinve gamoemarTa brZolis velisken da qarTvelebi daamarcxa. 1545 wels, qaixosrom otomanebis daxmarebiT, soxoisTasTan axlos bagratis damarcxeba SesZlo. man Suri iZia bagratze, romelmac aTi wlis win misi samflobelo daipyro da mamamisi daatyveva. am yvelafris Semdeg qaixosro taxtze avida. aTabeg qaixosros (1545-1573 ww) mefobis periodSi samcxe kvlav otomanebis mflobelobaSi gadavida. vaxuStis cnobiT, man otomanebs iranis winaaRmdeg brZolebSi gaweuli daxmarebis sanacvlod mxardaWera aRuTqva. samcxis dapyrobil teritoriaze daarsda iseTi sanjayebi, rogoric iyo TorTumi, aRsakale, kemhidi da livane..."29. osmaleTis istoriis cnobili specialistis j. hameris mixedviT, 1549 wlis seqtemberSi osmalebma daipyres olTisis, TorTomis, najaxis, miraxoris, aqCakalis da ocamde sxva mniSvnelovani cixesimagre30.
http://www.muslimgeorgia.org/haber_detay.asp?tur=115&id=106 (statia momzadebulia osmaleTis arqivebis monacemebisa da mdidari samecniero literaturis safuZvelze; damowmebebisaTvis ix., miTiTebuli vebgverdi). 30 msjelobisaTvis ix., z. SaSikaZe, qarTul-osmaluri urTierTobidan XVI saukunis 30-60-ian wlebSi, saiubileo krebuli "nodar Sengelia - 75", Tb., 2008; gv. 260.
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olTisis cixis qarTulobas cxadyofs masze aRmoCenili istoriuli warwerebic: 1843 wels olTisis cixe aRwera k. koxma (Semdeg - d. baqraZem). maTi aRwerebis mixedviT, olTisis cixis SigniT SemorCenili iyo sxvadasxva saxis nagebobebi. me-20 saukunis dasawyisamde maT Soris gamoirCeoda eklesia. miuxedavad Zlieri dazianebisa parmen zaqaraiam Tavis droze SeZlo gaerkvia eklesiis tipi, da taZris saerTo masis saerTo kompozicia. taZari eqvsafsidiania, romlis Sida kedlebze SemorCenilia freskuli gamosaxulebebi. e. TayaiSvili freskuli moxatulobis ramdenime kompozicias asaxelebs. freskuli kompoziciis garda eq. TayaiSvils mohyavs lapidaruli warwera satrapezos qvaze, romelic XX saukunis dasawyisSi d. quTaTelaZem Camoitana TbilisSi31. satrapezo qvis oTxive mxares iyo qarTuli asomTavruli warwera. maT Soris eq. TayaiSvilma dazianebis gamo mxolod erTi warwera ver waikiTxa. danarCeni sami qarTulenovani warwera mogviTxrobs: "ufalo yovlisSemZleo, ieso qriste, Seiwyale gabrieli, romelmac ganadida wmida giorgi da aago es sakurTxeveli"; "q. daviTis mier Seiqmna..."; "qriste, Seiwyale gabrieli"... rogorc warwerebidan Cans, olTisis cixis eklesia wmida giorgi saxelze iyo agebuli da misi qtitori iyo gabrieli. cixis teritoriaze mdgari eqvsafsidiani taZari osmaloebma daangries 1907 32 wels . bunebrivia, amxela informacia ara, magram olTus cixis memorialur dafaze arsebul warweras erTi abzaci mainc unda daematos: "olTisis cixe agebuli unda iyos Zv.w. I aTaswleulis pirvel naxevarSi winareqarTveluri saxelmwifos - daiaenis - arsebobis dros; olTiss didi xnis manZilze flobdnen qarTvelebi". memorialur dafaze unda iyos qarTulenovani warwerac; miT umetes, amgvari precedenti ukve aris TurqeTis respublikis amave mxareSi; Sdr., oSkis sacnobaro dafa:

31
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daculia saqarTvelos daculia saqarTvelos erovnul muzeumSi. . , -, . 1992. gv. 111; i. giviaSvili, i. koplataZe, tao-klarjeTi, Tb., 2004. gv.107; http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D %E1%83%9A%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98. Sdr.: iv. javaxiSvilis cnobiT, ruseT-osmaleTis 1877-1878 wlebis omis Semdeg olTisi ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi iyo saqarTvelos sxva istoriul regionebTan erTad (iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t, 12. Tb. 1998. gv. 488). 1918-1921 wlebSi saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis xelisufleba olTiss saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi Tvlida; 1921 wlis 16 martis ruseT-TurqeTis garigebiT leninma da aTaTurqma saqarTvelo Suaze gaiyves; olTisis mxare TurqeTs xvda wilad.

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kidev erTxel xazgasmiT aRvniSnav: Tanamedrove msoflioSi TurqeTica da saqarTveloc evropisken mimavali qveynebia; Sesabamisad, e.w. saxelmwifoebrivi sazRvrebis gadasinjvis yovelgvari mcdeloba Tu gadasinjvaze saubari provokaciadaa misaCnevi (ix., ruseTis imperiis qmedebebi). dRes aqtualuria kulturuli memkvidreobis sakiTxi: olTisi rogorc Tanamedrove TurqeTis mosaxleobis, aseve qarTveli eris kulturuli memkvidreobaa. olTisi, TorTumi, artanuji, bana, iSxani, xanZTa... orive xalxis Rirsebis aamamaRlebeli fenomenia. nu davukargavT erTmaneTs am istoras.

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