სამართლებრივი გზამკვლევი ქალებისთვის

samarTlebrivi gzamkvlevi qalebisTvis
`konstituciis 42-e muxli~

2010
`konstituciis 42-e muxli~
wigni gamocemulia aaip `konstituciis 42-e muxlis~ mier, germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoebis (GTZ) finansuri mxardaWeriT. teqstSi mocemuli daskvnebi da Sefasebebi ar unda iqnes ganxiluli, rogorc germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoebis (GTZ) mosazreba.
eleqtronuli versia SegiZliaT ixiloT saitze: www. article42.ge da www. gtz.de/law-caucasus
`konstituciis 42-e muxli~, 2010. germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoeba (GTZ), 2010. uak udc 342.726-055.2 s-216
daibeWda `favorit printSi~ avtorebi: meri jafariZe elena fileeva maka kvaWaZe nazi janezaSvili redaqtori da koreqtori: Tamar lefsveriZe mxatvari: Tea miqaia dakabadoneba: nino yavelaSvili teqnikuri uzrunvelyofa: daviT ninikaSvili gamocemaze pasuxismgebeli piri: manana kobaxiZe
aaip `konstituciis 42-e muxlis~ aRmasrulebeli direqtori
Zvirfaso qalbatonebo,
winamdebare wigni momzadda TqvenTvis, `germaniis teqnikuri TanamSromlobis sazogadoebis~ finansuri mxardaWeriT, raTa samarTlebrivi megzuroba gagiwioT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ras saqmianobT, ra profesiis brZandebiT, xarT diasaxlisi da uvliT Svilebsa da ojaxs; cxovrobT qalaqSi Tu soflad, xarT axalgazrda Tu xandazmuli, gaqvT stabiluri Semosavali, Tu saWiroebT socialur daxmarebas; brZandebiT daqorwinebuli Tu dasaojaxebeli da a.S. es wigni, gankuTvnilia yvela qalisTvis, miuxedavad imisa, gaqvT Tu ara raime samarTlebrivi problema. Cven visurvebdiT, rac SeiZleba naklebad problematuri iyos Tqveni cxovreba, magram nebismier SemTxvevaSi, Tqven unda icodeT Tqveni uflebebisa da samarTlebrivi dacvis meqanizmebis Sesaxeb. wignze araerTma adamianma imuSava. Cveni mizani iyo, Segveqmna saxelmZRvanelo, sadac Tavmoyrili iqneboda yvelaze saWiro da aucilebeli informacia, romelic samarTlebrivi problemebis gadawyvetis gzas giCvenebdaT. yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi, _ ojaxSi, samsaxurSi, sxva adamianebTan urTierTobebSi, _ xSirad, sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi kiTxva SeiZleba warmogeSvaT. vecadeT, rom aRniSnulze, pasuxi gagceT Cvens mier momzadebulma gzamkvlevma. am cnobaris farglebSi, SeuZlebeli iyo, SevxebodiT kanoniT regulirebul yvela uflebas, ris gamoc, SevecadeT, yuradReba gagvemaxvilebina yvelaze mniSvnelovan da problematur sakiTxebze, risi codnac aucilebelia nebismieri qalisTvis. Cveni mizania, mogawodoT informacia ZiriTadi uflebebis Sesaxeb, vinaidan maTi arcodna, xSirad, mizezia Tavad am uflebebis Selaxvisa. vimedovnebT, rom aRniSnul gzamkvlevs, xSirad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisi pirobebis dadgomisas gamoiyenebT. masSi amoikiTxavT, rogor unda moiqceT samsaxurSi dasaqmebisas, gaqvT Tu ara damsaqmeblisgan informaciis miRebis ufleba, rogor SeiZleba gasaCivrdes samsaxuridan ukanonod gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi, gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb brZaneba, vis unda mimarToT; ra uflebebiT sargeblobT orsulobisa da Semdgom, mcirewlovani bavSvis yolis periodSi; ra uflebebi gaqvT ojaxSi, _ qonebrivi, piradi, bavSvis aRzrdisas; saWiroa Tu ara saqorwino xelSekrulebis gaformeba; ra uflebebiT sargeblobT janmrTelobis dacvis sferoSi; rogor unda mimarToT saxelmwifo organoebs da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gaasaCivroT maTi pasuxi, ra saxis informaciis miRebis ufleba gagaCniaT, sasamarTlosadmi ra uflebebs ganiWebT kanoni. pasuxi, am da mraval sxva sakiTxze, aRniSnul wignSia mocemuli.
zogierTi ufleba, sasiamovno da dadebiTi ganwyobis momtania. magaliTad, _ qorwinebis ufleba, dasaqmeba samsaxurSi. xolo iseTi garemoeba, rogoricaa Zaladoba ojaxSi an dakaveba samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier da Semdgomi patimroba, an gaTavisufleba samsaxuridan, negatiur emociebTan aris dakavSirebuli. magram, aRniSnulic, cxovrebis nawilia da SesaZlebelia, Tqvenc aRmoCndeT am problemebis winaSe. amitom, sasurvelia, icodeT risi ufleba gaqvT, vis mimarToT da ra gziT daicvaT sakuTari uflebebi. Cven SevecadeT, martivi da gasagebi eniT gadmogveca Cveni naazrevi, raTa iuridiuli da rTuli terminebiT ar gadagvetvirTa wigni, Tumca zog SemTxvevaSi, amas gverdi mainc ver avuareT. aseve, wigns axlavs diskze Cawerili konkretuli sarCelebisa da gancxadebebis nimuSebi da saWiroebis SemTxveva-
Si, Tqven SeZlebT mis gamoyenebas. gaiTvaliswineT aseve is, rom sakanonmdeblo normebi, periodulad, cvlilebebs ganicdian, amitom yovelTvis gadaamowmeT informacia iuristTan, an internetSi, sasargeblo saitebze, an Sesabamis organoSi. konsultaciis gavla iuristTan, yovelTvis sasurvelia. gzamkvlevSi, zogierTi sakiTxi, zogadad aris mocemuli, zogs ki ufro didi yuradReba davuTmeT. Cven, ra Tqma unda, ar gvaqvs srulyofilebis pretenzia. qalTa uflebebi imdenad farTo da amouwuravi sferoa, rom SeuZlebelia, erTi gzamkvlevis farglebSi movicvaT yovelive. Cven mzad varT, miviRoT Tqveni SeniSvnebi, komentarebi da vupasuxoT SekiTxvebs, risTvisac SegiZliaT, mogvmarToT `konstituciis 42-e muxlSi~, sadac momzadda aRniSnuli gamocema.
saukeTeso survilebiT,
manana kobaxiZe `konstituciis 42-e muxlis~ aRmasrulebeli direqtori elena fileeva proeqtis koordinatori
winasityvaoba
ìcode kanoni da iqnebi daculi~ _ aseTi iyo saqarTveloSi erT-erTi warmatebuli socialuri kampaniis mowodeba. marTlacda, zogjer, kanonmdeblobiT dadgenil uflebasa da mis ganxorcielebas Soris mxolod is dgas, rom moqalaqeebma ar ician maTi uflebebi da ar icnoben am uflebebis ganxorcielebis gzebs. arada, Cveni yoveldRiuri yofis didi nawili, ise rom, SesaZloa Cven Tavadac ver vamCnevdeT, gansazRvrulia samarTlebrivi normebiT. adamianebi ibadebian, izrdebian, iReben ganaTlebas, iwyeben muSaobas, ojaxdebian, aCenen Svilebs, berdebian. cxovrebis yvela am etapze, uCinrad Tangvdeven sxvadasxva sferos, sxvadasxva donis, sxadasxva saxis samarTlebrivi normebi. zogi norma raRacis uflebas gvaZlevs, zogi, _ raRacas gvikrZalavs, zogjer ki, kanoni dums da Cven Tavad gvaZlevs gadawyvetilebis miRebis srul Tavisuflebas. amasTan, Tanamedrove cxovrebis kompleqsuroba, Tavis mxriv, samarTlebrivi sistemis kompleqsurobasac iwvevs, rac, arc Tu iSviaTad, adamianebs samarTlebrivi sistemis namdvili labirinTebis mZevlebad xdis. winamdebare wignis daniSnulebac swored isaa, rom qalbatonebs, patarebsa da mozrdilebs, zrdasrulebsa da asakovnebs, maTi uflebebis labirinTSi, gza gaukvalos. germaniis teqnikuri TanamSroblobis sazogadoeba (GTZ) da kerZod, misi samarTlisa da iusticiis reformis programa, TxuTmet welze metia, saqmianobs saqarTveloSi germaniis ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis saministros (BMZ) davalebiT. is konsultacias uwevs saqarTvelos mTavrobas kanonSemoqmedebiT saqmianobaSi, exmareba sasamarTlo sistemas mosamarTleTa gadamzadebis RonisZiebebis meSveobiT, axali kanonebis cxovrebaSi gatarebaSi da amasTan, informacias awvdis mosaxleobas, qveynis Tanamedrove samarTlebrivi sistemis Sesaxeb.
winamdebare wignic, swored mosaxleobaSi samarTlebrivi codnis amaRlebas emsaxureba. misi gansakuTrebuloba ki imaSia, rom masSi Tavmoyrilia is samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania qalebisTvis. dawyebuli saojaxo samarTliT da damTavrebuli socialuri uflebebiT, es wigni, yvela yofiT samarTlebriv sakiTxze kompetentur pasuxs gascems mkiTxvels. am miznis miRweva ki, Tavis mxriv, SeuZlebeli iqneboda, rom ara arasamTavrobo organizacia `konstituciis 42-e muxlis~ da wignis avtorebis gamocdileba da dauRalavi Sroma, ris gamoc, maT gansakuTrebuli madloba minda gadavuxado. vfiqrob, rom maTi Sromis Sedegad Seqmnili wigni, bevri adamianis samagido cnobarad iqceva. mkiTxvelebs minda vusurvo, maTTvis mniSvnelovan kiTxvebze pasuxebis povna da sakuTari uflebebis realizacia.
ceno raihenbeheri
programis xelmZRvaneli `samarTlisa da iusticiis reformis konsultacia samxreT kavkasiaSi~
recenzia
winamdebare wigni, metad mniSvnelovani da saintereso naSromia. minda, Tavidanve xazi gavusva im garemoebas, rom es naSromi, qalebisTvis, qalebma Seqmnes. miuxedavad imisa, rom qalTa uflebebze Zalian bevri iwereba, mimaCnia, rom ase mravalmxrivad da yovlismomcvelad, qalis uflebebi ar gaSuqebula. wignSi, yvela ipovis misTvis saintereso informacias: qorwineba, Svilis gazrdasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, janmrTelobis ufleba, SromiTi uflebebi, sakuTreba da kerZo biznesis dawyebisTvis saWiro informacia, socialuri daxmarebebi, pensia da sxva. vfiqrob, wigni saintereso iqneba yvela asakobrivi jgufisTvis, axalgazrdebisTvis, romlebic ipovnian maTTvis saintereso kiTxvebze pasuxs da asakovani qalbatonebisTvis, romlebic dainteresdebian kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli SeRavaTebisa da daxmarebis sakiTxebiT. naSromSi ganxilul problemaTa mravalferovneba, mimzidvels xdis mas ara marto sxvadasxva profesiis mkiTxvelisTvis, aramed is saintereso iqneba diasaxlisebisTvisac. avtorebi Seecadnen, yvela sakiTxi, adaptirebulad miewodebinaT mkiTxvelisTvis, kanonmdeblobis mZime, terminebiT datvirTuli ena gaemartivebinaT da gasagebi gaexadaT momxmareblisTvis. wignSi warmodgenil problemaTa Soris, aris sakiTxebi, romlis codna qalebs gansakuTrebiT daainteresebs. ra unda icodes qalma imisTvis, rom ar gaxdes trefikingis, ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverpli; rogor unda davicvaT Tavi Cveni uflebebis darRvevisas da vis unda mivmarToT uflebebis dasacavad? yvela pasuxi am kiTxvaze, wignSi moipoveba. garda amisa, mkiTxvels saSualeba eZleva, gaecnos Tu rogor xdeba erovnul da saerTaSoriso doneze uflebebis dacva da ra efeqturi meqanizmebi arsebobs amisTvis. minda aRvniSno is garemoebac, rom naSromis avtorebi, TviTon arian adamianis uflebaTa damcvelebi da wlebis manZilze, Zal-Rones ar iSureben am sferoSi. isini, sakmaod cnobili uflebadacviTi arasamTavrobo organizaciis, `konstituciis 42-e muxlis~ warmomadgenlebi arian da maTi avtorobiT, araerTi naSromia gamocemuli adamianis uflebaTa sakiTxebze. ase rom, avtorebi werdnen im problemebis Sesaxeb, romelsac TviTon awydebian yoveldRiur saqmianobaSi. da bolos, vfiqrobT, warmodgenili wigni, saintereso iqneba ara marto mandilosnebisTvis, aramed mamakacebisTvisac.
eliko wiklauri-lamixi
samarTlis doqtori, maqs-plankis sazRvargareTis qveynebisa da saerTaSoriso sisxlis samarTlis institutis kriminologiuri seqtoris saqarTvelosa da dsT-s qveynebis koordinatori (fraiburgi, germania), qalTa saerTaSoriso aliansis (IAW) wevri, organizaciis samarTaldamcavi qalebi sazRvrebs gareSe damfuZnebeli
sarCevi
I. ojaxi da qalis uflebebi ............................................................................................................................................................................................. qorwineba ............................................................................................................................................... qorwinebis pirobebi ............................................................................................................................ qorwinebis registracia ..................................................................................................................... meuRleTa uflebebi da movaleobebi ................................................................................................. piradi uflebebi .................................................................................................................................. qonebrivi uflebebi ............................................................................................................................. saerTo sakuTrebis gayofa .................................................................................................................. meuRleTa urTierTrCenis movaleoba ............................................................................................... saqorwino xelSekruleba .................................................................................................................... qorwinebis Sewyveta ............................................................................................................................. ganqorwineba ......................................................................................................................................... ganqorwineba samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi ............................................................................... ganqorwineba sasamarTloSi ................................................................................................................ qorwinebis baTiloba ........................................................................................................................... mSoblebis ufleba-movaleobebi Svilebis mimarT ............................................................................ Svilebis warmoSobis dadgena ............................................................................................................. bavSvis mitovebulad aRiareba ........................................................................................................... Svilis saxelisa da gvaris gansazRvra .............................................................................................. mSoblis ufleba-movaleobebis SezRudva ......................................................................................... mSoblebis saalimento ufleba-movaleobebi Svilebis mimarT ....................................................... ojaxis sxva wevrebis saalimento movaleobani ................................................................................. alimentis gadaxdis wesi ...................................................................................................................... meurveoba da mzrunveloba ................................................................................................................. Svilad ayvana ........................................................................................................................................ mindobiT aRzrda .................................................................................................................................
12 13 13 14 16 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 23 25 28 30 30 32 33 35 37 38 39 40 44 55
II. qali da memkvidreobiTi samarTali ............................................................................................................................................................. 58 ra aris memkvidreobis ufleba? ......................................................................................................... 59 kanoniT memkvidreoba .......................................................................................................................... 59 anderZi. anderZis forma. Sedgenis wesi. anderZis Secvla da moSla ............................................. 61 rogor SevadginoT anderZi? ............................................................................................................... 61 ra formiT unda Sedges anderZi? ....................................................................................................... 62 rogor SeiZleba anderZiT qonebis ganawileba? ................................................................................ 64 anderZis Secvla da moSla, Zaladakargulad an baTilad cnoba .................................................... 65 savaldebulo wili ............................................................................................................................... 67 dauqorwinebeli, ganqorwinebuli da faqtobrivad ganqorwinebuli pirebis ufleba samkvidroze ................................................................................. 69 qorwinebis gareSe Sobili bavSvis memkvidreobis ufleba .............................................................. 70 Casaxuli memkvidris uflebebi ........................................................................................................... 70 mSvileblisa da naSvilebis memkvidreobis ufleba .......................................................................... 70 memkvidreobis uflebis CamorTmevis safuZvlebi da pirobebi ....................................................... 71 memkvidreoba warmomadgenlobiT, memkvidreobiTi transmisia ..................................................... 73 samkvidros gaxsna, samkvidros miReba, samkvidro mowmoba ............................................................ 74 samkvidros miReba ................................................................................................................................ 74 samkvidros miRebaze uari ................................................................................................................... 76 upiratesi memkvidreobis ufleba ...................................................................................................... 77 samkvidro qoneba .................................................................................................................................. 78 samkvidros gayofa, gaTanabreba ......................................................................................................... 79 samkvidro qonebaze moqmedi sagadasaxado reJimi ........................................................................... 81
sarCevi
mamkvidreblis valebis gastumreba memkvidreTa mier .................................................................... 81 umkvidro qoneba ................................................................................................................................... 82 mamkvidreblis rCenaze myof pirTa uflebebi .................................................................................. 83 saanderZo danakisri (legati) ............................................................................................................. 83 anderZis aRsruleba ............................................................................................................................ 84 vin aRasrulebs anderZs? .................................................................................................................... 84 III. qalis SromiTi uflebebi ...........................................................................................................................................................................................86 SromiTi urTierTobis warmoSoba ...................................................................................................... 89 informaciis miRebis ufleba .............................................................................................................. 90 SromiTi xelSekruleba ....................................................................................................................... 90 gamosacdeli vada ................................................................................................................................. 91 samuSao pirobebi ................................................................................................................................ 92 samuSao dro da dasvenebis dro ......................................................................................................... 93 anazRaurebis miRebis ufleba ............................................................................................................ 94 Svebuleba .............................................................................................................................................. 95 Svebulebis survilis SemTxvevaSi, mimarTvis wesi ........................................................................... 95 anazRaurebis gamoangariSebis wesi .................................................................................................... 96 saSvebulebo daxmareba......................................................................................................................... 96 Svebuleba anazRaurebis gareSe ......................................................................................................... 96 anazRaurebis gareSe Svebulebis aRebisas, damsaqmeblis winaswar gafrTxilebis valdebuleba ............................................................................................... 96 anazRaurebadi Svebulebis gadatanis gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi ..................................................... 97 saswavlo Svebuleba kvalifikaciis asamaRleblad ......................................................................... 97 Svebuleba orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis gamo ........................................................ 97 Svebuleba axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo .................................................................................... 98 damatebiTi Svebuleba bavSvis movlis gamo ...................................................................................... 98 orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis, aseve axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo, Svebulebebis anazRaureba da kompensaciis sakiTxebi .................................................................... 98 SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyveta .......................................................................................................... 101 ras warmoadgens reorganizacia? reorganizacia _ gardaqmna, Serwyma, mierTeba, Semcireba..... 103 rogor xdeba samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba? ..................................................................................... 106 samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis gamomricxavi garemoebebi .............................................................. 107 gaTavisuflebis gamomricxavi garemoebebi samsaxurebrivi urTierTobis SeCerebis periodSi ............................................................................................................................... 107 saboloo angariSsworeba SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetisas ....................................................... 109 arasrulwlovanTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis moSla ...................................................................... 109 samarTlebrivi dava SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetis dros .......................................................... 110 moTxovnis ufleba samsaxuridan ukanonod gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi .................................... 110 davis ganxilva sxva saxis dawesebulebebSi ....................................................................................... 111 vadebi .................................................................................................................................................... 112 saidan aiTvleba gasaCivrebis vada? ................................................................................................... 112 xarjebi .................................................................................................................................................. 112 qali samewarmeo sferosa da sazogadoebriv organizaciebSi ........................................................ 113 mewarme iuridiuli piris registraciis pirobebi ........................................................................... 116 arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris Seqmna ............................................................... 119 arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris registraciis pirobebi ................................. 119 arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris reorganizacia da likvidacia ..................... 123 araregistrirebuli kavSiri (gaerTianeba) ....................................................................................... 124
sarCevi
IV. qali da ufleba janmrTelobaze .................................................................................................... 126 janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba ............................................................................................................ 127 informaciis miRebis ufleba .............................................................................................................. 130 informirebuli Tanxmoba .................................................................................................................... 134 piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba ...................................................................................................... 140 orsuli da meZuZuri dedebis uflebebi ............................................................................................ 144 xelovnuri ganayofiereba ................................................................................................................... 146 surogati deda ..................................................................................................................................... 147 aborti ................................................................................................................................................... 148 qali da Sidsi ....................................................................................................................................... 148 SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa uflebebi ......................................................................... 153 fsiqiurad daavadebuli piris qmeduunarod aRiareba .................................................................... 157 fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis saxeebi ...................................................................................................... 158 V. socialuri uzrunvelyofa .......................................................................................................................................................................................160 socialuri daxmarebebi ........................................................................................................................ 161 socialuri daxmarebis saxeebi ............................................................................................................ 161 saojaxo daxmarebis gacema .................................................................................................................. 163 komunaluri xarjebis gasawevad, sayofacxovrebo subsidia ........................................................... 164 siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi mosaxleobis samedicino dazRvevis programa .......................................................................................................... 165 fuladi socialuri daxmarebis Sewyveta .......................................................................................... 165 sapensio uzrunvelyofa da dazRveva ................................................................................................ 166 saxelmwifo pensia ................................................................................................................................ 167 pensiis odenoba .................................................................................................................................... 167 rogor unda mivmarToT pensiis dasaniSnad? ..................................................................................... 168 rogor gaicema pensia? ......................................................................................................................... 169 pensiidan Tanxis dakaveba .................................................................................................................... 172 saxelmwifo kompensacia da saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendia ...................................................... 172 ra odenobis pensia? ............................................................................................................................. 174 rogor xdeba pensiis daniSvna? ............................................................................................................ 174 kompensaciis/saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiis gacemis Sewyveta da ganaxleba ....................... 174 rogor ganvaaxloT pensiis gacema?..................................................................................................... 175 pensiis miRebis sxva safuZvlebi ......................................................................................................... 175 arasaxelmwifo pensia da dazRveva ..................................................................................................... 177 arasaxelmwifo pensiis saxeebi da misi gacemis wesi ......................................................................... 178 iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, devnilTa uflebebi .................................................................... 179 yovelTviuri Semweoba ......................................................................................................................... 181 saarsebo Semweoba ................................................................................................................................. 181 saxelmwifo baJi ................................................................................................................................... 183 VI. ojaxSi Zaladoba da qalis uflebebi ........................................................................................................................................................184 ras warmoadgens Zaladoba? ................................................................................................................ 185 Zaladobis saxeebi ................................................................................................................................ 186 vin aris moZalade? ............................................................................................................................... 187 vin igulisxmeba ojaxis wevrad? .......................................................................................................... 187 ra meqanizmi arsebobs ojaxSi Zaladobis gadasaWrelad? ............................................................... 187 pasuxismgeblobis ra zomebia gaTvaliswinebuli kanonmdeblobiT? ............................................. 188 damcavi orderi .................................................................................................................................... 190
10
sarCevi
rogor iwereba gancxadeba damcavi orderis gamocemis moTxovniT? ............................................ 191 ra xdeba gancxadebis Setanis Semdgom? ............................................................................................. 191 pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier gacemuli gadawyvetileba sabolooa Tu ara? ................. 194 orderis moqmedebis vada ..................................................................................................................... 196 orderis gauqmebis gamomricxavi garemoebebi .................................................................................. 196 ra xniT moTavsdeba msxverpli? .......................................................................................................... 197 msxverplis statusis miniWeba. ras warmoadgens aRniSnuli statusi ............................................ 197 adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondi ............................................................................................................ 198 msxverplis uflebebi .......................................................................................................................... 198 moZaladis mimarT arsebuli meqanizmi .............................................................................................. 199 VII. qalis uflebebi sisxlis samarTalSi ...................................................................................................................................................... danaSauli sqesobrivi Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis winaaRmdeg ........................................... ra aris sqesobrivi danaSauli? ........................................................................................................... qalTa uflebebis dacva saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT .............................................. orsulobis Sewyveta ............................................................................................................................. sad tardeba orsulobis Sewyvetis operacia? ................................................................................. danaSauli adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis winaaRmdeg .................................................... adamianis Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva ..................................................................................... Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa .......................................................................................................... adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi) ........................................................................................................... danaSauli ojaxisa da arasrulwlovnis winaaRmdeg ......................................................................... prostituciaSi Cabma da prostituciisTvis adgilis an sacxovreblis gadacema ......................... patimar qalTa uflebebi ...................................................................................................................... ra upiratesoba aqvT patimar orsul qalebs? .................................................................................. aqvs patimar qals paemnis ufleba? ..................................................................................................... rogori unda iyos sakvebi? .................................................................................................................. SeiZleba Tu ara, patimari dedisa da bavSvis erTad cxovreba? ...................................................... SesaZlebelia Tu ara, sasjelis moxdis gadavadeba qalisTvis? ..................................................... SesaZlebelia Tu ara ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadeba, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msjavrdebuli orsuladaa? ........................................................................................................... VIII. samarTlebrivi dacvis erovnuli da saerTaSoriso saSualebebi .................................................................... samarTlebrivi dacvis erovnuli meqanizmi ..................................................................................... informaciis miRebis ufleba ............................................................................................................. sajaro informaciis gacemis wesi ...................................................................................................... gancxadeba administraciul organoSi .............................................................................................. gancxadebis Sinaarsi ............................................................................................................................ sasamarTlosadmi mimarTva .................................................................................................................. gasaCivrebis ufleba ............................................................................................................................ sasamarTlo xarjebi ............................................................................................................................ mxareTa uflebebi ................................................................................................................................ sasamarTlo procesi ........................................................................................................................... gadawyvetilebis gamotana sasamarTlos mier da gasaCivrebis wesi ............................................... saerTaSoriso meqanizmi ...................................................................................................................... informacia avtorTa Sesaxeb .............................................................................................................. gamoyenebuli sakanonmdeblo baza ..................................................................................................... gamoyenebuli literatura ................................................................................................................. 202 203 203 212 212 214 216 216 219 220 226 228 230 232 232 233 233 234 235 236 237 237 238 239 239 241 241 243 243 245 245 246 248 250 251
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ojaxi da qalis uflebebi
araTu yvela qalisTvis, aramed TiToeuli adamianisTvis, ojaxi da ojaxuri urTierTobebi, mTeli misi cxovrebis erT-erTi yvelaze ZiriTadi da mniSvnelovani nawilia. amitom, aucilebelia, yvela icnobdes im samarTlebriv normebsa da reJims, rasac saxelmwifo adgens Cveni cxovrebis am sferoSi imisTvis, rom ojaxuri cxovrebis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi iyos maqsimalurad mowesrigebuli da dabalansebuli.
qorwineba
ojaxis Seqmna iwyeba qorwinebiT. cneba qorwineba, SesaZloa, sxvadasxva adamianisTvis gansxvavebul Sinaarss atarebdes, magram winamdebare wignSi visaubrebT imaze, Cveni moqmedi samarTliT ras ewodeba qorwineba da riT gansxvavdeba igi adamianTa ubralo Tanacxovrebisgan. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis Tanaxmad, qorwineba aris ojaxis Seqmnis mizniT, qalisa da mamakacis nebayoflobiTi kavSiri, romelic registrirebulia saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros mmarTvelobis sferoSi Semavali sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris _ samoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriul samsaxurSi. rogorc xedavT, kanoni qorwinebas uciloblad ukavSirebs misi registraciis faqts. araregistrirebuli kavSiri qalsa da mamakacs Soris, Tundac igi xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi grZeldebodes, ar iTvleba qorwinebad da ar warmoSobs qorwinebis samarTlebriv Sedegebs. marTalia, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo aRiarebs marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mier Sesrulebul jvrisweras, magram mas mainc ar aTanabrebs samoqalaqo reestrSi registrirebul qorwinebasTan. Sesabamisad, arc jvardaweril da arc sxva raime religiuri wesiT dakavSirebul wyvils ar warmoeSoba erTmaneTis mimarT is samarTlebrivi ufleba-movaleobebi, rac gansazRvrulia kanoniT.
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qorwinebis pirobebi kanoni gansazRvravs im aucilebel pirobebs, romlis arsebobac moiTxoveba daqorwinebisTvis. es pirobebia: asaki da dasaqorwinebel pirTa Tanxmoba. daqorwinebis asakad dadgenilia 18 weli. Tumca, am zogadi wesidan arsebobs gamonaklisi. 16 wels miRweul pirebs SeuZliaT daqorwindnen mSoblebis winaswari werilobiTi TanxmobiT. Tu mSoblebi ar iZlevian Tanxmobas da arsebobs raime sapatio mizezi, magaliTad gogonas orsuloba an romelime dasaqorwinebels sicocxlisa da janmrTelobis mimarT arsebuli safrTxe, _ daqorwinebis nebarTva SeiZleba gasces sasamarTlom daqorwinebis msurveli piris gancxadebis safuZvelze. 16 wels miuRwevel pirTa daqorwineba, kanoniT akrZalulia. dasaqorwinebel pirTa Tanxmoba, daqorwinebis meore aucilebeli pirobaa. kanonmdebeli xazs usvams im garemoebas, rom qorwineba aucileblad nebayoflobiTi unda iyos orive mxridan. dauSvebelia qorwinebis iZuleba erT-erTi dasaqorwinebeli piris, mSoblebis an nebismieri sxva piris mier. aqve aRsaniSnavia isic, rom winaswari Tanxmoba qorwinebaze, igive niSnoba, ar warmoSobs SemdgomSi daqorwinebis valdebulebas. daniSvnis Semdegac, orive mxares sruli ufleba aqvs, uari ganacxados daqorwinebaze. kanoniT dadgenilia, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi, niSnobasTan dakavSirebuli saCuqrebi mxareebs ukan ubrundebaT.
qorwinebis registracia rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, qorwineba registrirdeba samoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriul samsaxurebSi. registracia xdeba dasaqorwinebel pirTa gancxadebis safuZvelze. daqorwinebis msurvel pirebs SeaqvT gancxadeba maTi survilis mixedviT arCeul nebismier teritoriul samsaxurSi da uTiTeben, Tu ra dros surT qorwinebis registracia, rac ar unda aRematebodes gancxadebis Setanidan 2 Tvis vadas, vinaidan am vadis gasvlis Semdeg, gancxadeba Zalas kargavs. qorwinebis registracia SeiZleba moxdes gancxadebis Setanis dResve, Tumca samsaxurma SeiZleba uari Tqvas gancxadebis imave dResve registraciaze, Tuki im dRes, samsaxurSi, daqorwinebis msurvelTa bevri gancxade-
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baa Sesuli. miuxedavad amisa, samsaxuri valdebulia, registracia ganaxorcielos gancxadebis Setanis dResve, Tuki arsebobs iseTi gansakuTrebuli garemoebebi, rogoricaa bavSvis dabadeba, erT-erTi mxaris sicocxlisTvis realuri safrTxe da sxva. gancxadebis Setana, daqorwinebis msurvelTa mier, unda moxdes piradad. gancxadebaSi maT unda daadasturon, rom maTTvis ar arsebobs qorwinebis damabrkolebeli garemoebebi, maTTvis cnobilia erTmaneTis janmrTelobisa da ojaxuri mdgomareoba, ician Tu meramdenea TiToeulisaTvis es qorwineba da aRniSnon, hyavT Tu ara Svilebi. saagentos teritoriuli samsaxuris TanamSromeli, romelic miiRebs dasaqorwinebel pirTa gancxadebas, valdebulia maT ganumartos qorwinebis wesi da pirobebi, meuRleTa da mSobelTa ufleba-movaleobebi da agreTve gaafrTxilos isini, rom pasuxs ageben qorwinebis damabrkolebeli garemoebebis dafarvisTvis. samsaxuris TanamSromelma unda gaarkvios, arsebobs Tu ara qorwinebis damabrkolebeli garemoebebi da rom daqorwinebis msurvelTaTvis cnobilia erTmaneTis janmrTelobisa da ojaxuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. dasaqorwinebel pirTa TanxmobiT, qorwinebis registracia tardeba sazeimo viTarebaSi. maTi TxovniT, sapatio mizezis arsebobisas, registracia SeiZleba ganxorcieldes samoqalaqo reestris saagentos samsaxuris gareTac. qorwinebis registracia, SesaZlebelia, ganxorcieldes ori an meti srulwlovani mowmis TandaswrebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu: saagentos teritoriulma samsaxurma uari giTxraT qorwinebis registraciaze da Tqven es uari ukanonod migaCniaT, SegiZliaT igi gaasaCivroT sasamarTloSi. kanoniT gansazRvrulia qorwinebis damabrkolebeli garemoebebi, romelTa arsebobisasac qorwineba ar daiSveba. daqorwineba ar daiSveba: a) im pirTa Soris, romelTagan Tundac erT-erTi ukve imyofeba qorwinebaSi sxvasTan; b) pirdapiri aRmavali da damavali Stos naTesavebs Soris. (pirdapir aRmavali da damavali Stos naTesavebi arian pirebi, romlebic erTmaneTisgan warmoiSvnen: SvilTaSvili, SviliSvili, Svili, ded-mama, bebia-babua, didi bebia-babua da a.S)
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g) biologiur da arabiologiur da-Zmas Soris; d) mSvilebelsa da naSvilebs Soris; e) im pirebs Soris, romelTagan Tundac erTi, suliT avadmyofobis an Wkuasustobis gamo, sasamarTlos mier qmeduunarod aris cnobili. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, aRiarebulia erTqorwinebis principi, anu dauSvebelia, piri erTdroulad imyofebodes or an met adamianTan qorwinebaSi. xelaxla daqorwineba daiSveba mxolod mas Semdeg, rac piri, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, ganqorwindeba wina meuRlesTan an qorwineba sxva safuZvliT Sewydeba (ix. Tavi `qorwinebis Sewyveta~). amis dasadastureblad, pirma saagentos teritoriul samsaxurSi unda waradginos an ganqorwinebis mowmoba, an Tuki qorwineba wina meuRlis gardacvalebis gamo Sewyda _ gardacvalebis mowmoba.
meuRleTa uflebebi da movaleobebi

daqorwinebiT, orive meuRle, erTmaneTis winaSe kisrulobs rogorc piradi, ise qonebrivi ufleba-movaleobebis mTel rigs. qalic da mamakacic valdebulia, keTilsindisierad da srulad Seasrulos yvela es uflebamovaleoba qorwinebis mTeli drois ganmavlobaSi. kanoni adgens, rom saojaxo urTierTobebSi, meuRleebi sargebloben Tanabari piradi da qonebrivi uflebebiT da ekisrebaT Tanabari movaleobani. daqorwinebisas da saojaxo urTierTobebSi, ar daiSveba uflebaTa pirdapiri an arapirdapiri SezRudva, pirdapiri an arapirdapiri upiratesobis miniWeba warmoSobis, socialuri da qonebrivi mdgomareobis, rasobrivi da erovnuli kuTvnilebis, sqesis, ganaTlebis, enis, religiisadmi damokidebulebis, saqmianobis saxeobisa da xasiaTis, sacxovrebeli adgilisa da sxva garemoebaTa mixedviT!
piradi uflebebi daqorwinebis dros, meuRleebs, survilisamebr, SeuZliaT airCion erTerTi meuRlis gvari TavianT saerTo gvarad an TiToeuls SeuZlia, daitovos Tavisi qorwinebamdeli gvari, anda orives SeuZlia, SeuerTos Tavisi 16
gvari meuRlis gvars. gvarebis SeerTeba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba, Tu orive meuRles an erT-erTs, ukve ormagi gvari aqvs. meuRleebi sruli TanasworobiT sargebloben Svilebis aRzrdisa da ojaxis sxva sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas. TiToeul meuRles, Tavisuflad SeuZlia airCios saqmianoba da profesia. aseve, Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr, airCios sacxovrebeli adgili, Tu es ukanaskneli ar ewinaaRmdegeba ojaxis interesebs.
qonebrivi uflebebi meuRleTa qonebrivi ufleba-movaleobebi, pirad ufleba-movaleobebze aranakleb mniSvnelovania, vinaidan swored qoneba, misi sargeblobisa da gankargvis pirobebi gansazRvravs ojaxuri cxovrebis materialur safuZvels. kanoni ganasxvavebs meuRleTa individualur da saerTo sakuTrebas. individualuria TiToeuli meuRlis is sakuTreba, romelic mas daqorwinebamde ekuTnoda. aseve is, romelic qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi miRebulia memkvidreobiT an CuqebiT. individualuri sakuTrebaa aseve qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi SeZenili individualuri sargeblobis nivTebi, piradi moxmarebis sagnebi _ garda Zvirfaseulobisa _ Tundac aseTi sagnebi meuRleTa saerTo TanxiT iyos SeZenili. individualuri sakuTreba, mxolod erT meuRles ekuTvnis da mTlianad am ukanasknelis uflebamosilebaa misi floba, sargebloba da gankargva. arcerTi meuRle ar aris valdebuli, meore meuRles SeuTanxmos, Tu rogor gankargavs Tavis individualur sakuTrebas. sruliad gansxvavebuli reJimia saerTo sakuTrebasTan dakavSirebiT. am SemTxvevaSi, piriqiT, orive meuRle valdebulia, urTierTSeTanxmebiT marTos aseTi qoneba. da ra Seadgens meuRleTa saerTo sakuTrebas? meuRleTa saerTo sakuTrebaa yvelaferi is, rac maT qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi SeiZines, Tu maT Soris saqorwino xelSekrulebiT sxva ram ar aris dadgenili, razec qvemoT visaubrebT. sayuradReboa, rom xSirad, erT-erTi meuRle muSaobs da arCens ojaxs, meore ki eweva saojaxo saqmianobas, uvlis Svilebs da ara aqvs damoukidebeli Semosavali. aseT SemTxvevaSic, Tundac mxolod erTi meuRlis SemosavliT SeZenili qoneba, saerTo sakuTrebad iTvleba! 17
saerTo sakuTrebaa rogorc moZravi, ise uZravi qoneba, romelic qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi iyo SeZenili. Tumca, uZrav qonebasTan dakavSirebiT, aucilebelia ramdenime praqtikuli sakiTxis gaTvaliswineba: saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, uZrav qonebaze sakuTrebis ufleba warmoiSoba mxolod da mxolod sajaro reestrSi registraciis momentidan. ras niSnavs es? Tundac qoneba SeiZinoT marTlzomierad, magaliTad, iyidoT bina an miwis nakveTi, gaaformoT xelSekruleba, gadaixadoT Tanxa da a.S. Tuki ar mixvalT sajaro reestrSi da Tqvens saxelze ar daaregistrirebT SeZenil qonebas, Tqven jer kidev ar CaiTvlebiT kanonier mesakuTred. sazogadoebaSi farTod gavrcelebuli praqtikis Tanaxmad, rodesac qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi qmari iZens raime uZrav qonebas, avtomaturad, mxolod Tavis saxelze aregistrirebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom qonebis naxevari colis sakuTrebacaa. Sesabamisad, gamodis rom erTaderT mesakuTred registrirdeba qmari. marTalia, kanoni adgens, rom saerTo qonebis gankargva unda moxdes mxolod da mxolod meuRleTa urTierTSeTanxmebiT, magram ra xdeba maSin, rodesac qonebis erTaderT mesakuTred daregistrirebuli qmari, colTan SeuTanxmeblad asxvisebs am qonebas? am dros, coli iwyebs davas, mimarTavs sasamarTlos da iTxovs, rom xelSekruleba, romliTac moxda qonebis gasxviseba an sxvagvarad gankargva, cnobili iqnas baTilad, vinaidan qoneba iyo saerTo sakuTreba da misi gankargva moxda colis aucilebeli Tanxmobis gareSe.
_ da rogor wyvets sasamarTlo am kategoriis davebs? _ samwuxarod, ara meuRlis sasargeblod.
uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier, ukve didi xnis dadgenili praqtikis Tanaxmad, ganisazRvra, rom aseT SemTxvevebSi, prioriteti eniWeba mesame piris, _ qonebis axali SemZenis interesebs, vinaidan man ar icoda da arc SeeZlo codnoda qonebis meore mesakuTris arsebobis Sesaxeb, radgan es ukanaskneli ar iyo registrirebuli sajaro reestrSi. xolo rac Seexeba meuRles, mas Tavisi uflebebis dacva Tavis droze SeeZlo, mesakuTred registraciiT da mxolod misi bralia, Tuki es ar ganaxorciela. is rom mesakuTred 18
yofiliyo registrirebuli, qonebis gankargva, mis daukiTxavad, ver moxdeboda. aqedan gamomdinare, gTxovT, gaiTvaliswinoT: 1. Tqven xarT qorwinebaSi SeZenili nebismieri qonebis TanamesakuTre da aseTi qonebis naxevari gekuTvniT Tqven; 2. Tuki qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi, erToblivad an erT-erTi Tqvenganis saxsrebiT iZenT uZrav qonebas, moiTxoveT mesakuTred orive Tqvenganis registracia sajaro reestrSi. es aris Tqveni kanoniT daculi ufleba, romlis ganxorcielebamac, SeiZleba, momavalSi uamravi gaugebroba da uTanxmoeba agaridoT Tavidan. meuRleTa saerTo sakuTrebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is qonebac, romelic marTalia, manamde romelime meuRlis individualuri sakuTreba iyo, magram qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi gaweuli xarjebis Sedegad, am qonebis Rirebuleba mniSvnelovnad gaizarda. magaliTad, Tuki erT-erTi meuRlis mier memkvidreobiT miRebuli saxli, qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi gaaremontes an gadaakeTes meuRleebma, riTac mniSvnelovnad moimata misma sabazro Rirebulebam, maSin igi CaiTvleba saerTo sakuTrebad.
saerTo sakuTrebis gayofa meuRleTa saerTo qoneba, SeiZleba romelime meuRlis moTxovniT, gaiyos rogorc qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi, ise misi Sewyvetis Semdeg. gayofa xdeba meuRleTa urTierTSeTanxmebiT. xolo Tu meuRleebi ver SeTanxmdnen erTmaneTSi, maSin sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT. meuRleTa wili, saerTo sakuTrebaSi, Tanabaria. am wesidan, arsebobs ramdenime gamonaklisi. kerZod, erT-erTi meuRlis wili, SeiZleba gadiddes imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom: a) masTan cxovroben arasrulwlovani Svilebi, b) is Sromisuunaroa, anda: g) Tu meore meuRle, qonebas ojaxis interesebis sazianod xarjavda. sasamarTlo gansazRvravs, Tu romeli nivTi romel meuRles unda miekuTvnos. profesiuli saqmianobisTvis saWiro nivTebi, rogoricaa musika19
luri instrumentebi, saeqimo mowyobiloba da sxva, Tundac meuRleTa saerTo saxsrebiT iyos SeZenili, mainc im meuRles gadaecema, romelsac isini Tavisi profesiuli saqmianobisTvis Wirdeba. Tuki saerTo qonebis gayofisas, erT-erT meuRles gadaecema iseTi nivTebi, romelTa Rirebulebac mis kuTvnil wils aRemateba, maSin meore meuRles miecema Sesabamisi fuladi an sxvagvari kompensacia. meuRleTa saerTo valebi, maT Soris iyofa saerTo qonebaSi TiToeulis kuTvnili wilis Tanazomierad. Tuki vali mxolod erTma meuRlem aiRo, saerTo qonebidan misi gadaxda SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki sasamarTlo daadgens, rom aRebuli vali gamoyenebuli iyo mTeli ojaxis saerTo interesebisTvis. aseve, erT-erTi meuRlis danaSauliT miyenebuli zianis anazRaureba saerTo qonebidan, mxolod maSin SeiZleba, Tuki dadgindeba, rom es qoneba danaSaulis Cadenis Sedegad miRebuli saxsrebiT iyo SeZenili. ganqorwinebis Semdeg, meuRleebs, saerTo qonebis gayofis moTxovna SeuZliaT ganqorwinebidan sami wlis ganmavlobaSi (sarCeli, ganqorwinebis dros saerTo qonebis gayofis Sesaxeb, SegiZliaT ixiloT TandarTul diskze). Tuki es sami weli ise gavida, rom meuRles ar ganucxadebia araviTari pretenzia saerTo qonebaze, Semdgom misi moTxovna CaiTvleba dagvianebulad.
meuRleTa urTierTrCenis movaleoba garda qonebasTan dakavSirebuli ufleba-movaleobebisa, meuRleebs gaaCniaT erTmaneTis rCenis movaleoba. meuRleebi movaleni arian, materialurad daexmaron erTmaneTs. sarCos (sarCo (alimenti) _ yovelTviurad gadasaxdeli fuladi Tanxa, romlis odenoba ganisazRvreba yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi, meuRleTa materialuri da ojaxuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT) miRebis ufleba aqvT: a) Sromisuunaro meuRles, romelic materialur daxmarebas saWiroebs da b) cols orsulobis periodSi da bavSvis dabadebidan, sami wlis ganmavlobaSi.
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sayuradReboa, rom Sromisuunaro meuRle, romelic daxmarebas saWiroebs, inarCunebs sarCos miRebis uflebas ganqorwinebis Semdegac, _ oRond mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi Sromisuunaro gaxda ganqorwinebamde, an erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ganqorwinebis dRidan. Tumca, sasamarTlos SeuZlia, gaaTavisuflos meuRle meore meuRlis rCenis movaleobisgan an gansazRvruli vadiT Secvalos es movaleoba, Tu: a) meuRleebi qorwinebaSi xanmokle droiT imyofebodnen; b) sarCos mimRebma meuRlem, uRirsi saqcieli Caidina meuRlis mimarT; g) sarCos mimRebi meuRlis Sromisuunaroba gamowveulia alkoholuri sasmelebis an narkotikuli nivTierebebis gamoyenebiT an mis mier ganzraxi danaSaulis CadeniT. romelime meuRlis materialuri an ojaxuri mdgomareobis Secvlisas, TiToeul meuRles ufleba aqvs, sarCeliT mimarTos sasamarTlos da moiTxovos sarCos manamde gansazRvruli odenobis gazrda an Semcireba. sarCos miRebis ufleba ispoba, Tuki sarCos mimRebi meuRle, Sromisunariani gaxdeba an Tu igi xelaxla daqorwindeba. aseve, Tu sarCos miReba ganpirobebuli iyo orsulobiT an 3 wlamde bavSvis yoliT, _ am garemoebebis aRmofxvris SemTxvevaSi. saqorwino xelSekruleba kanoni gansazRvravs im uflebebsa da movaleobebs, rac meuRleebs erTmaneTis mimarT gaaCniaT. Tumca, meuRleebs ufleba aqvT, rogorc daqorwinebamde, ise nebismier dros, qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi, dadon saqorwino xelSekruleba da maTi qonebrivi uflebebi, kanonisgan gansxvavebulad daareguliron (saqorwino xelSekrulebis nimuSi SegiZliaT ixiloT TandarTul diskze).
sayuradReboa, rom saqorwino xelSekrulebiT, mxolod qonebrivi ufleba-movaleobebis gansazRvra SeiZleba! xelSekrulebiT ar SeiZleba Seicvalos meuRleTa piradi uflebebi da movaleobebi.
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saqorwino xelSekruleba, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, SeiZleba daidos rogorc qorwinebis registraciamde, ise registraciis Semdeg, nebismier dros. Tuki xelSekruleba qorwinebis registraciamde daido, igi ZalaSi mxolod registraciis momentidan Seva. saqorwino xelSekruleba ideba werilobiT da unda dadasturdes notariulad. xelSekrulebiT, meuRleebma SeiZleba gansazRvron rogorc ukve arsebuli, ise momavalSi SeZenili qonebis bedi. maT SeuZliaT, gaaerTianon mTeli Tavisi qoneba an daadginon TiToeulis wilobrivi an gancalkevebuli sakuTreba qonebaze. xelSekrulebiT, aseve gaTvaliswinebuli SeiZleba iyos, TiToeuli meuRlis mier, SemosavalSi monawileobis pirobebi, saojaxo xarjebis gawevis wesebi da aseve, Tu vin ra qonebas miiRebs ganqorwinebis Semdeg. saqorwino xelSekrulebiT ar SeiZleba Seicvalos: 1. meuRleTa urTierTrCenis movaleoba; 2. mSoblebis ufleba-movaleobebi Svilebis mimarT; 3. saalimento movaleobani; 4. davis SemTxvevaSi _ sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis ufleba! aseve, xelSekrulebiT ar SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnes iseTi pirobebi, romlebic mZime mdgomareobaSi ayenebs erT-erT meuRles. saqorwino xelSekrulebis Secvla dasaSvebia, Tuki meuRleebi amaze SeTanxmdnen. garda amisa, SesaZlebelia, aseve dainteresebuli mxaris gancxadebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlom Secvalos saqorwino xelSekrulebis is pirobebi, romlebic ukiduresad araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi ayenebs romelime meuRles. saqorwino xelSekruleba wydeba meuRleTa urTierTSeTanxmebiT an ganqorwinebiT.
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qorwinebis Sewyveta
qorwinebis Sewyvetis ori safuZveli arsebobs: erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvaleba (aseve, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvlilad gamocxadeba) da ganqorwineba. ganqorwineba saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, arc iZulebiT daqorwinebas icnobs da arc iZulebiT ojaxis SenarCunebas. marTalia, ojaxis dangreva Zalian rTuli da mZime gadawyvetilebaa, magram Tuki meuRleebi an erT-erTi meuRle gadawyvets, rom aRar surs qorwinebaSi yofna, kanoni ganqorwinebis srul uflebas iZleva. meuRleebs, nebismier dros, SeuZliaT ganqorwindnen. kanoni, am kuTxiT, mxolod erTaderT SezRudvas iTvaliswinebs: colis orsulobis dros da bavSvis dabadebidan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, qmars ufleba ara aqvs, colis Tanxmobis gareSe, Seitanos sarCeli ganqorwinebaze. sxva nebismier dros, rogorc cols, ise qmars, sruli ufleba aqvT, moiTxovon ganqorwineba. kanoni icnobs ganqorwinebis or wess: _ ganqorwineba sasamarTlos gziT da _ ganqorwineba samoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriul samsaxurSi. sasamarTlos Careva saWiroa mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki meuRleebs Soris arsebobs raime saxis dava _ qonebrivi, SvilebTan dakavSirebiT da a.S romelsac isini urTierTSeTanxmebiT ver wyveten. xolo Tuki meuRleebi Tanxmdebian ganqorwinebasa da mis pirobebze, maSin sasamarTlosadmi mimarTva saWiro ar aris da ganqorwineba xdeba ubralod, gancxadebis SetaniT, samoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriul samsaxurSi. ganvixiloT ganqorwinebis orive es wesi cal-calke.
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ganqorwineba samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi Tuki meuRleTa erToblivi survili, an Tundac survili ara, magram SeTanxmebaa ganqorwineba da maT SeZles mSvidobianad, urTierTmolaparakebis gziT, iseTi sakiTxebis mogvareba, rogoricaa magaliTad, saerTo qonebis gayofa, Svilebis sacxovrebeli adgilis gansazRvra, maTi rCena-aRzrdis wesi da a.S _ maSin ganqorwineba gacilebiT martivad, uproblemod, zedmeti droisa da danaxarjebis gareSe xdeba. erTaderTi, rac am SemTxvevaSi meuRleebs moeTxovebaT, esaa erToblivi gancxadebis Setana samoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriul samsaxurSi, erT-erTi meuRlis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT da momsaxurebis safasuris gadaxda, rac Seadgens 45 lars. gancxadebaSi, meuRleebi adastureben, rom Tanaxmani arian ganqorwinebaze da erTmaneTs Soris dava ara aqvT. maTi piradi daswreba saagentoSi ar aris aucilebeli, Tuki orive an erT-erTi meuRle ver axerxebs gamocxadebas. aseT SemTxvevaSi, es unda aRiniSnos gancxadebaSi da im meuRlis xelmowera, romelic ver axerxebs gamocxadebas, notariulad unda iyos dadasturebuli. ganqorwineba xdeba gancxadebis Setanis dRidan, 15 samuSao dRis gasvlis Semdeg, magram im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki saxezea gansakuTrebuli garemoeba _ erT-erTi mxaris sicocxlisTvis realuri safrTxe, bavSvis dabadeba da a.S. ganqorwinebis registracia SeiZleba moxdes gancxadebis Setanis dResve. qorwineba Sewyvetilad iTvleba ganqorwinebis registraciis momentidan. ganqorwineba, SeiZleba erT-erTi meuRlis gancxadebiTac moxdes im pirTan, romelic: a) kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, aRiarebulia ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad; b) suliT avadmyofobis an Wkuasustobis gamo, cnobilia qmeduunarod; g) sasamarTlos mier, msjavrdebulia danaSaulisTvis da misjili aqvs Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, aranakleb sami wlis vadiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, meuRle valdebulia, samoqalaqo reestris saagentos warudginos saTanadod damowmebuli, kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba piris ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebis an qmeduuna24
rod cnobis Sesaxeb, an sasamarTlos ganaCeni an misi amonaweri imis Sesaxeb, rom meore meuRles Sefardebuli aqvs Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, aranakleb sami wliT. Setanili gancxadebis Sesaxeb, saagentos teritoriuli samsaxuri acnobebs patimrobaSi myof meuRles an qmeduunaro meuRlis meurves da gansazRvravs vadas, ra vadaSic meuRlem saagentos unda Seatyobinos, aris Tu ara dava meuRleebs Soris. es vada ar unda aRematebodes 3 Tves. rodesac saagento miiRebs cnobas, rom dava ar arsebobs an Tuki am vadis ganmavlobaSi aranairi pasuxi ar iqneba miRebuli, saagento axdens ganqorwinebis registracias. Tuki ganqorwinebis Semdeg, gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli an ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli meuRle gamoCndeba, maSin gauqmdeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gardacvlilad gamocxadebis an ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebis Sesaxeb. qorwineba SeiZleba aRdges meuRleTa erToblivi gancxadebis SetaniT samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi, xolo Tu isini sasamarTlos gziT iyvnen ganqorwinebulni, _ sasamarTloSi. qorwinebis aRdgena dauSvebelia, Tu gardacvlilad gamocxadebuli an ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebuli piris meuRle ukve daqorwinebulia sxva pirze.
ganqorwineba sasamarTloSi zogjer, urTierTmolaparakebebis da SeTanxmebis miRwevis araerTi mcdelobis miuxedavad, meuRleebi, samwuxarod, mainc ver aRweven kompromiss. ver Tanxmdebian erTmaneTSi ganqorwinebaze an ganqorwinebis Semdgom, maTi qonebis gayofaze, Svilebis bedsa Tu sxva sakiTxebze. aseT dros, erTaderTi gamosavalia sasamarTlosadmi mimarTva da yvela im sakiTxze, romlebzec meuRleebma ver moaxerxes SeTanxmeba, sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis miReba. Tuki sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvas gadawyvetT, umjobesia, pirvel rigSi, gaesaubroT iurists imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor daicvaT Tqveni uflebebi sasamarTloSi, daaxloebiT ra droisa da danaxarjebis gaReba mogixdebaT da savaraudod, ra Sedegs miaRwevT sasamarTlo davis Sedegad. qvemoT ki, mokled ganvmartavT im ZiriTad sakiTxebs, risi codnac dagWirdebaT sasamarTloSi ganqorwinebis sakiTxze davisas. pirvel rigSi, saWiroa icodeT, romel sasamarTlos unda mimarToT.
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saqarTvelos teritoriaze, arsebobs saerTo sasamarTloebis samrgoliani sistema: 1. raionuli (saqalaqo) sasamarTloebi, (raionuli sasamarTlo iqmneba municipalitetebSi, saqalaqo ki _ TviTmmarTvel qalaqebSi); 2. saapelacio sasamarTloebi (arsebobs mxolod ori: Tbilisisa da quTaisis); 3. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo. dava jer iwyeba pirvel instanciaSi _ anu raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi. Semdgom, gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi, adis zeda instanciebSi _ saapelacio sasamarTloSi da bolos, _ uzenaes sasamarTloSi. ase rom, Tavidan mimarTavT raionul an saqalaqo sasamarTlos Tqveni da Tqveni meuRlis saerTo sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. Tuki am droisTvis cal-calke cxovrobT, sasamarTlos unda mimarToT Tqveni meuRlis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. magaliTad, Tu Tqven TbilisSi cxovrobT, xolo Tqveni meuRle baTumSi, unda mimarToT baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTlos. magram im SemTxvevaSi, Tu TqvenTan cxovroben arasrulwlovani Svilebi, rac aZnelebs Tqvens gamocxadebas sxva qalaqis an raionis sasamarTloSi, maSin SegiZliaT mimarToT im sasamarTlos, romelic mdebareobs Tqvens qalaqSi an raionSi da sTxovoT, rom swored zemoaRniSnuli mizezis gamo, dava am ukanasknelma ganixilos. sasamarTlos unda mimarToT samoqalaqo sarCeliT, romelsac aqvs specialuri, winaswar dadgenili forma da romelic SegiZliaT moipovoT sasamarTloSi, an advokatis meSveobiT (samoqalaqo sarCelis nimuSi ganqorwinebasa da alimentis moTxovnaze, SegiZliaT ixiloT diskze). sarCelis Setanisas, saWiroa gaiTvaliswinoT saxelmwifo baJis1 sakiTxi. saxelmwifo baJis minimaluri odenoba, raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi, aris 100 lari, xolo maqsimaluri (fizikuri pirebisTvis), _ 3000 lari. baJis odenoba damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra Rirebulebis qonebrivi
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(saxelmwifo baJi _ es aris saxelmwifos mier dadgenili specialuri gadasaxadi, romelic gadaixdevineba moqalaqeTa mier, sasamarTloSi Setanil sarCelebsa da gancxadebebze da romlis odenobac gansxvavdeba imis mixedviT, Tu vin mimarTavs sasamarTlos da ras iTxovs).
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sargeblis mikuTvnebas iTxovT. magaliTad, Tuki meuRlisgan moiTxovT raime qonebis gadacemas, maSin baJi iqneba am qonebis Rirebulebis 3%. Tumca, amis sawinaaRmdegod, Tu alimentis gadaxdas iTxovT, maSin baJis gadaxdisgan TavisufldebiT. baJis gadaxdisgan mTlianad TavisufldebiT, Tuki registrirebuli xarT socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi da iRebT saarsebo Semweobas. garda amisa, SegiZliaT sxva garemoebebis safuZvelzec, SuamdgomlobiT, mimarToT sasamarTlos da moiTxovoT baJis gadaxdisgan gaTavisufleba, baJis odenobis Semcireba an misi gadaxdis gadavadeba. amisTvis, sasamarTlos unda warudginoT utyuari mtkicebulebebi imis dasadastureblad, rom marTla ar SegiZliaT baJis gadaxda, razec sasamarTlo imsjelebs da gadawyvetilebas Tavisi Sinagani rwmeniTa da SexedulebiT miiRebs. sayuradReboa, rom ganqorwinebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas, sasamarTlo TviTon gansazRvravs, Tu romelma meuRlem unda gadaixados kanoniT gansazRvruli baJi da aseve, Tu saWirod miiCnevs rom baJi gadaaxdevinos orive meuRles, igi gansazRvravs TiToeuli meuRlis mier gadasaxdel Tanxas. sasamarTloSi, Tqveni moTxovna SeiZleba iyos mxolod ganqorwineba an SesaZloa, ganqorwinebasTan erTad, iTxovdeT sxva iseTi sakiTxebis gadawyvetasac, rogoricaa: qonebis gayofa, Svilis sacxovrebeli adgilis gansazRvra, alimentis gadaxda da sxva. ufro metic, SesaZloa, Tqven aseTi moTxovna arc ki gqondeT dayenebuli, magram Tu sasamarTlo gamoarkvevs, rom meuRleebs Svilis momavali sacxovrebeli adgili da misi rCenisTvis saxsrebis gamoyofis sakiTxi ar SeuTanxmebiaT, igi valdebulia, ganqorwinebasTan erTad gansazRvros isic, Tu romeli Svili romel mSobelTan darCes da romels ra odenobiT unda gadaxdes sarCo (alimenti). ganqorwinebis saqmis ganxilvisas, sasamarTlo iRebs garkveul zomebs meuRleTa Sesarigeblad. mas ufleba aqvs, gadados saqmis ganxilva da meuRleebs Sesarigeblad dauniSnos vada, romelic ar unda aRematebodes eqvs Tves. Tuki sasamarTlo daadgens, rom miuxedavad am zomebisa, meuRleTa Semdgomi Tanacxovreba da ojaxis SenarCuneba SeuZlebelia, maSin igi iRebs gadawyvetilebas ganqorwinebis Sesaxeb.
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gaxsovdeT! mxolod sasamarTlos mier gadawyvetilebis miReba ar niSnavs, rom ukve ganqorwinebuli xarT Tqvens meuRlesTan. gadawyvetileba, roca igi kanonier ZalaSi Seva, aucileblad unda daregistrirdes samoqalaqo reestrSi, da qorwineba swored am momentidan iTvleba Sewyvetilad. daregistrireba SesaZlebelia gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis dRidan, ara ugvianes sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, romelime meuRlis iniciativiT. Tuki es sami weli ise gavida, rom arcerTma meuRlem gadawyvetileba registraciaSi ar gaatara, meuRleebi kvlav daqorwinebulad CaiTvlebian. roca erT-erTi meuRle atarebs ganqorwinebas registraciaSi, samoqalaqo reestris saagento valdebulia, amis Sesaxeb acnobos meore meuRles, Tuki cnobilia misi da saagentos im teritoriuli samsaxuris misamarTi, romelmac moaxdina qorwinebis registracia. ganqorwinebisas, meuRles, romelmac gvari Seicvala daqorwinebis dros, ufleba aqvs, ganqorwinebis Semdegac daitovos igive gvari an daibrunos qorwinebamdeli gvari. amis Sesaxeb, man unda ganacxados saagentos teritoriul samsaxurSi ganqorwinebis registraciis dros. qorwinebamdeli gvaris mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb, samsaxuris TanamSromeli akeTebs Sesabamis Canawers. ganqorwinebis registracia xdeba samoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriul samsaxurSi, orive an erT-erTi meuRlis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT.
qorwinebis baTiloba
qorwineba SeiZleba baTilad iqnas cnobili, Tuki Tavidanve darRveuli iyo daqorwinebis kanoniT dadgenili pirobebi. aucilebelia icodeT, rom qorwinebis Sewyveta da qorwinebis baTiloba, sul sxvadasxva samarTlebrivi institutebia. Tuki qorwinebis Sewyvetis dros, qorwineba da mis Sedegad warmoSobili yvela samarTlebrivi Sedegi Cveulebriv Semdgarad iTvleba, qorwinebis baTilobis dros _ iTvleba, rom qorwineba ar momxdara da Sesabamisad, ar warmoSobila araviTari samarTlebrivi Sedegi (gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis garda, rasac qvemoT ganvixilavT). qorwineba SeiZleba baTilad cnos mxolod sasamarTlom. aravis aqvs ufleba, miuTiTos qorwinebis baTilobaze, Tuki igi sasamarTlom ar aRiara aseTad. 28
arsebobs qorwinebis baTilobis ramdenime safuZveli. es safuZvlebi SegviZlia sam jgufad davyoT: 1. qorwineba baTilia, rodesac darRveulia daqorwinebis formaluri pirobebi, iseTi rogoricaa dasaqorwinebel pirTa asaki da Tanxmoba (magaliTad, Tuki SecdomiT an ganzrax moxda saqorwino asaks miuRwevel pirTa daqorwineba an Tu romelime dasaqorwinebel pirs, saTanadod, Tanxmoba ar hqonda gamoTqmuli qorwinebaze da a.S.). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qorwineba moxda im pirTan, romelsac saqorwino asakisTvis (18 weli) ar miuRwevia da arc saqorwino asaki hqonia Semcirebuli (16 wlamde), qorwineba mxolod maSin SeiZleba baTilad iqnas cnobili, Tu amas moiTxovs im meuRlis interesebi, romelic daqorwinda saqorwino asakis miRwevamde. am dros, qorwinebis baTlad cnoba SeuZlia moiTxovos rogorc arasrulwlovan meuRles, ise mis mSoblebs an meurves (mzrunvels). Tu saqmis ganxilvis momentisTvis, arasrulwlovanma meuRlem miaRwia saqorwino asaks an orsuladaa, maSin qorwinebis baTilad cnoba mxolod misi moTxovniT SeiZleba. Tuki daqorwineba romelime mxaris iZulebis Sedegad moxda, am pirs SeuZlia moiTxovos qorwinebis baTiloba. 2. qorwineba baTilia, Tuki daqorwineba moxda ise, rom arsebobda qorwinebis damabrkolebeli garemoebebi (magaliTad, daqorwinebulebi iyvnen erTmaneTis im kategoriis naTesavebi, romelTa daqorwinebac kanoniT akrZalulia, an Tuki romelime ukve imyofeboda sxvasTan qorwinebaSi, an Tuki romelime meuRle qmeduunarod iyo cnobili sasamarTlos mier). aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tu meuRleebma ar icodnen qorwinebis damabrkolebeli garemoebis Sesaxeb, qorwineba wydeba mxolod im momentidan, roca sasamarTloSi es garemoeba dadgindeba da ara Tavidanve. am SemTxvevaSi, qorwineba warmoSobs yvela im samarTlebriv Sedegs, rasac _ namdvili qorwineba. qorwinebis baTilobis moTxovna SeuZlia im meuRles da aseve sxva pirebs, romelTa uflebebicaa darRveuli am daqorwinebiT, aseve meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos.2
meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo aris Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros sistemaSi Semavali samsaxuri, romelic axorcielebs kanoniT miniWebul uflebamosilebebs
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Tuki saqmis ganxilvis momentisTvis damabrkolebeli garemoeba aRmoifxvreba, sasamarTlos SeuZlia, am momentidan, qorwineba namdvilad cnos. 3. qorwineba baTilia, Tuki igi miznad ar isaxavda ojaxis Seqmnas (fiqciuri qorwineba). fiqciuri qorwinebis baTilad cnobis Sesaxeb, sarCelis aRZvris ufleba aqvs samoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriul samsaxurs, xolo Tu mxolod erT-erTi meuRle daqorwinda ise, rom miznad ar isaxavda ojaxis Seqmnas, meore meuRlesac aqvs sarCelis aRZvris ufleba. qorwineba ar SeiZleba baTilad iqnas cnobili, Tuki meuRleebs sasamarTlos mier saqmis ganxilvamde, faqtobrivad, ukve Seqmnili aqvT ojaxi. rogorc wesi, qorwinebis baTilad cnobis dros, igi baTilad iTvleba qorwinebis registraciis dRidanve da ar warmoSobs meuRleTa ufleba-movaleobebs. magram, sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs, im meuRles, romelmac ar icoda da arc SeeZlo codnoda qorwinebis damabrkolebeli garemoebebis Sesaxeb, miakuTvnos meuRlisgan alimentis miRebis ufleba da aseve wilic, erTad cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi SeZenili qonebidan. garda amisa, qorwinebis baTilad cnoba, ar xelyofs aseTi qorwinebis Sedegad dabadebul bavSvTa uflebebs. aseve, keTilsindisier meuRles, romelsac miadga qonebrivi ziani im qorwinebis Sedegad, romelic baTilad iqna cnobili, ufleba aqvs, moiTxovos am zianis anazRaureba. qorwinebis baTilobis moTxovna dauSvebelia orive meuRlis gardacvalebis Semdeg. im pirebs, romelTa qorwinebac gabaTilda, SeuZliaT xelaxla daqorwindnen, Tuki aRmoifxvreba is safuZveli, romlis gamoc gabaTilda qorwineba.
mSoblebis ufleba-movaleobebi Svilebis mimarT

garda erTmaneTis mimarT arsebuli ufleba-movaleobebisa, orive meuRles ekisreba didi pasuxismgebloba Svilebis winaSe. maTi movaleoba, saTanadod arCinon da aRzardon Svilebi, ara mxolod sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli moraluri da zneobrivi normebis sferos miekuTvneba, aramed ganmtkicebulia kanoniTac.
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Svilebis warmoSobis dadgena

gansxvavebiT meuRleebisgan, romelTa samoqalaqo ufleba-movaleobebis warmoSoba erTmaneTis mimarT damokidebulia qorwinebis faqtze, Svilis winaSe mSoblis ufleba-movaleobis warmoSoba, qorwinebas ar ukavSirdeba. orive mSobels, kanoniT ekisreba valdebuleba, saTanadod arCinos da aRzardos yvela Svili, miuxedavad imisa, Svili qorwinebaSi eyola, Tu mis gareSe. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba yvela bavSvis interesebs icavs. mSoblebisa da Svilebis urTierT ufleba-movaleobebs, safuZvlad udebs mxolod Svilebis warmoSobas, magram imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom Svilis warmoSoba, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT unda iyos dadgenili! ras gulisxmobs `kanoniT dadgenili wesi~? dedisgan Svilis warmoSoba, mxolod da mxolod bavSvis dabadebis faqtiT dgindeba, anu roca dedas Svili SeeZineba mSobiarobis Sedegad, kanoni mas avtomaturad, bavSvis dedad aRiarebs. situacia ufro rTulia mamobis dadgenasTan dakavSirebiT da aq kanoni or situacias ganasxvavebs: Svilis warmoSobis dadgena daqorwinebuli mSoblebisgan da Svilis warmoSobis dadgena dauqorwinebeli mSoblebisgan. Tu mSoblebi daqorwinebulebi arian, maSin Svilis warmoSoba dasturdeba CanaweriT mSobelTa qorwinebis Sesaxeb, anu am SemTxvevaSi, Tavidanve ivaraudeba, rom bavSvis mSoblebi arian daqorwinebuli col-qmari. Sesabamisad, bavSvis dabadebis mowmobaSi, Cveulebriv Caiwerebian daqorwinebuli pirebi, Tundac erT-erTis (dedis an mamis) gancxadebiT. im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu bavSvi daibada qorwinebaSi myofi mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg, mis mamad gardacvlili piri iqneba aRiarebuli, _ Tuki bavSvi daibada mamis gardacvalebidan, ara ugvianes aTi Tvisa. Tuki bavSvis dedad an mamad Cawerili piri ar eTanxmeba Canawers, maSin mas ufleba aqvs, moiTxovos Canaweris Secvla an gauqmeba erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi im momentidan, rodesac misTvis cnobili gaxda an cnobili unda gamxdariyo Canaweri. Tuki am dros, dedad an mamad Cawerili piri arasrulwlovani iyo, es erTwliani vada gamoiTvleba misi Tvrameti wlis asaks miRwevidan.
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Tu mSoblebi daqorwinebulebi ar arian, _ maSin Svilis warmoSoba dgindeba mSoblebis mier samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi erToblivi gancxadebis SetaniT, sadac isini adastureben, rom arian bavSvis mSoblebi. bavSvis dabadebis mowmobaSi, dedis grafaSi, Canaweri keTdeba dedis gancxadebiT, xolo mamis grafaSi _ mamis gancxadebiT an sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT mamobis dadgenis Sesaxeb. aqac ikveTeba ori situacia: erTi _ roca mama aRiarebs Tavs bavSvis mamad da nebayoflobiT iwereba Sesabamis dokumentebSi da meore, _ roca mamobis aRiareba nebayoflobiT ar xdeba da dgindeba sasamarTlos saSualebiT. roca mama Tavisi surviliT ar Tanxmdeba mamobis aRiarebaze, sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis ufleba aqvs: a) dedas; b) bavSvis meurves (mzrunvels); g) im pirs, romlis kmayofazec imyofeba bavSvi; d) TviTon bavSvs, mis mier srulwlovanebis miRwevis Semdeg. sasamarTlo ganixilavs sarCels (mamobis dadgenis Sesaxeb sarCelis nimuSi SegiZliaT ixiloT diskze) da gadawyvetilebas mamobis dadgenis Sesaxeb, Sesabamis mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT iRebs. mtkicebuleba SeiZleba iyos biologiuri eqspertizis daskvna bavSvisa da mamis genetikuri msgavsebis Sesaxeb, aseve is mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasturebs bavSvis mSoblebis erTad cxovrebas da saerTo meurneobis warmoebas bavSvis dabadebamde, an bavSvis erTad aRzrdas an rCenas, an sxva raime sabuTi, romelic savsebiT adasturebs piris mier mamobis aRiarebas _ aseTi SeiZleba iyos piradi werilic ki, sadac piri Tavs, bavSvis mamad moixseniebs. Tuki sasamarTlo daadgens mamobas, miuxedavad mamis survilisa, bavSvs warmoeSoba yvela ufleba-movaleoba rogorc mamis, ise sxva naTesavebis mimarT, rac kanonmdeblobiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. mamobis dadgenamde ki, dabadebis mowmobaSi, bavSvis mamis gvarad iwereba dedis gvari, xolo mamis saxelad Caiwereba nebismieri is saxeli, rasac bavSvis deda miuTiTebs.
bavSvis mitovebulad aRiareba

samwuxarod, xSiria faqtebi, rodesac orive mSobeli uars acxadebs bavSvze da mas bedis anabarad tovebs, rac dauSvebelia ara mxolod adamianu32
ri TvalsazrisiT, aramed aseTma moqmedebam, SesaZloa, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobac ki gamoiwvios. quCaSi an sxvagan mitovebuli bavSvis povnis SemTxvevaSi, gaiTvaliswineT, rom aseTi bavSvis upirveles interesebSia, misi samarTlebrivi statusis sworad gansazRvra. amisTvis ki, pirvel rigSi, saWiroa mimarToT samarTaldamcav organoebs, romlebmac unda miiRon saTanado zomebi bavSvis an/da misi mSoblebis vinaobis dasadgenad. amis Semdgom, bavSvis mitovebulad aRiareba xdeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, im SemTxvevebSi Tu: a) napovni bavSvis aRmoCenidan 6 kviris vadaSi, Sesabamisma organoebma ver daadgines bavSvis an/da misi mSoblebis vinaoba; b) dadginda bavSvis an/da misi mSoblebis vinaoba, magram ver xerxdeba maTTan dakavSireba an meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoSi wardgena an maTTan sxvagvarad dakavSireba an/da isini Tavs arideben mSoblis movaleobebis Sesrulebas da uflebebis ganxorcielebas; g) mSoblebma ganacxades bavSvis mitovebis Taobaze an Tavs arideben mSoblis ufleba-movaleobebis ganxorcielebas miuxedavad imisa, rom meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organom maT SesTavaza garkveuli RonisZiebebis (prevenciis an reintegraciis mizniT) gatareba.
Svilis saxelisa da gvaris gansazRvra

Svils saxels arqmeven mSoblebi urTierTSeTanxmebiT, xolo gvari ganisazRvreba mSoblebis gvaris mixedviT. Tu mSoblebs saerTo gvari ara aqvT, Svils miekuTvneba dedis an mamis gvari, an SeerTebuli gvari mSoblebis SeTanxmebiT. mSoblebs Soris qorwinebis Sewyveta, ar iwvevs Svilis gvaris gamocvlas. Tuki qorwineba Sewyda an baTilad iqna cnobili, mSobels romelTanac arasrulwlovani Svili darCa sacxovreblad, ufleba aqvs mimarTos sasamarTlos da moiTxovos SvilisTvis Tavisi gvaris mikuTvneba. Tu bavSvi aT welze meti xnisaa, gvaris SecvlisTvis saWiroa misi Tanxmobac. ra movaleobebi akisriaT mSoblebs Svilebis mimarT?
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imisTvis, rom am kiTxvas vupasuxoT, pirvel rigSi, saWiroa vicodeT, Tu ra uflebebi aqvs bavSvs. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba adgens, rom bavSvs ufleba aqvs, cxovrobdes da izrdebodes ojaxSi. aqedan gamomdinare, yoveli mSoblis upirvelesi movaleobaa, Seuqmnas Tavis Svils usafrTxo, mSvidi da mzrunveli ojaxuri garemo misi normaluri aRzrda-ganviTarebisTvis. mSoblebi valdebulebi arian, izrunon Svilebis fizikur, gonebriv, sulier da socialur ganviTarebaze, aRzardon isini sazogadoebis Rirseul wevrebad. orive mSobels, garda Tanabari valdebulebebisa, Tanabari ufleba aqvs, monawileoba miiRos Svilis aRzrdaSi, miuxedavad imisa, mSoblebi qorwinebaSi imyofebian an erTad cxovroben Tu ara. samwuxarod, xSirad, piradi konfliqtisa da uTanxmoebisas, orive an erT-erTi mSobeli cdilobs meoris manipulirebas bavSvis gamoyenebiT, imuqreba bavSvis warTmeviT, masTan urTierTobis akrZalviT da sxva.
gaxsovdeT! aravis aqvs ufleba, SegizRudoT an agikrZaloT Tqvens SvilTan urTierToba. aseve, arc Tqven gaqvT ufleba, Tqveni Svilis mamas SeuzRudoT an aukrZaloT SvilTan urTierToba, Tuki es Tqvens Svils zians ar ayenebs!
orive mSobelma, sakuTar interesebze, emociebsa da Tundac uflebebze win, bavSvis interesebi unda daayenos. swored mSoblebi arian is pirebi, romlebsac abariaT bavSvis bedi manam, sanam igi srulwlovani gaxdeba. mSoblebi arian bavSvis kanonieri warmomadgenlebi mesame pirebTan urTierTobaSi. isini gansazRvraven, Tu visTan da sad unda icxovros bavSvma, rogor unda moxdes bavSvis kuTvnili qonebis marTva da gankargva, ra urTierTobebis damyarebis ufleba aqvs bavSvs da sxva. Svilebis aRzrdis yvela sakiTxi, mSoblebma urTierTSeTanxmebiT unda gadawyviton. Tuki maT SeTanxmebas ver miaRwies, davas wyvets sasamarTlo. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tavad mSobeli arRvevs bavSvis uflebebs, borotad 34
iyenebs Tavis uflebamosilebas, ar asrulebs an arasaTanadod asrulebs bavSvis aRzrdasTan da ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebul movaleobebs, maSin bavSvs ufleba aqvs, Tavad daicvas Tavi da damoukideblad mimarTos meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos. 14 wlis miRwevis Semdeg ki, _ sasamarTlosac. garda amisa, nebismieri fizikuri da iuridiuli piri valdebulia, Seatyobinos meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos, Tuki misTvis cnobili gaxda bavSvis uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis darRvevis Sesaxeb! Tu ganqorwinebis an sxva mizezis gamo, mSoblebi cal-calke cxovroben, maT urTierTSeTanxmebiT unda gadawyviton, Tu sad icxovrebs arasrulwlovani Svili. SeuTanxmeblobis SemTxvevaSi, davas sasamarTlo wyvets, ra drosac, bavSvs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo uniSnavs warmomadgenels (samoqalaqo sarCelis nimuSi bavSvis sacxovrebeli adgilis gansazRvris Sesaxeb ixileT diskze).
mSoblis ufleba-movaleobebis SezRudva
vinaidan kanoni bavSvis interesebis dacvas esoden did mniSvnelobas aniWebs, igi iTvaliswinebs garkveul zomebs, e.w sanqciebs im mSoblebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic saTanadod ar zrunaven bavSvis rCenasa da aRzrdaze. Tumca, gaxsovdeT, rom sasamarTlos garda, aravis aqvs ufleba, SezRudos mSoblis ufleba! mxolod sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT SeiZleba moxdes erTi an ramdenime ufleba-movaleobis SezRudva. sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, mSoblis ufleba-movaleobebi SeiZleba droebiT SeCerdes an saerTod CamoerTvas. mSoblis ufleba, iyos bavSvis warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlos mier SeiZleba SeCerdes, Tuki ganixileba dava mSoblebs Soris bavSvis sacxovrebeli adgilis gansazRvris an misi aRzrdis sxva sakiTxebze, an dava mSoblebsa da Svils Soris _ mSoblis movaleobebis arasaTanadod SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT. mSoblis ufleba-movaleobebi SeCerebulad CaiTvleba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gareSec, Tuki napovnia bavSvi, romlis vinaoba an mSoblebis 35
vinaoba, an maTi adgilsamyofeli ucnobia. am SemTxvevaSi, SeCereba ZalaSia manam, sanam dadgindeba bavSvis an misi mSoblebis vinaoba da bavSvi daubrundeba ojaxs; an dadgindeba mSoblebis vinaoba, romlebic Tavs arideben mSoblis movaleobis ganxorcielebas da sasamarTlo SeuzRudavs maT ufleba-movaleobebs an bavSvs aRiarebs mitovebulad. bavSvis mitovebulad aRiarebis dros, sasamarTlos gamoaqvs gadawyvetileba mSoblis uflebebis CamorTmevis Sesaxeb. mSoblis uflebis CamorTmeva aris ukiduresi zoma da yvelaze mZime sasjeli, rac SeiZleba mSoblis mimarT iyos gamoyenebuli, vinaidan mSoblis uflebis CamorTmeviT, mSobeli kargavs yvelanair uflebas Tavis Svilze. es zoma SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos iseTi mSoblis mimarT, romelic sistematurad aridebs Tavs mSoblis movaleobebis Sesrulebas da arajerovnad iyenebs mSoblis uflebebs: bavSvs uxeSad eqceva, masze uaryofiT gavlenas axdens amoraluri saqcieliT, qronikuli alkoholiki an narkomania, an bavSvi Caaba antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi3 an romlis Svilic mitovebuladaa aRiarebuli. mSoblis uflebaCamorTmeuli piri kargavs naTesaobaze damyarebul yvela uflebas im SvilTan urTierTobaSi, romlis mimarTac mas CamorTmeuli aqvs mSoblis ufleba-movaleoba. amis sawinaaRmdegod, Svili romlis mSobelsac CamoerTva mSoblis ufleba, inarCunebs am mSoblis mimarT naTesaobidan gamomdinare, qonebriv uflebebs, maT Soris _ memkvidreobis miRebis uflebas. magaliTad, Tuki dedas CamoerTva mSoblis ufleba Svilis mimarT, deda dakargavs mis mimarT yvelanair uflebas, maT Soris uflebas, miiRos Svilis memkvidreoba misi gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi. Svili ki, SeinarCunebs dedis mimarT manamde arsebul qonebriv uflebebs da dedis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, Cveulebriv miiRebs mis datovebul qonebas. mSoblis uflebebi da movaleobebi SeiZleba aRdges, Tuki aRmoifxvreba is safuZveli, romlis gamoc moxda mSoblis uflebis CamorTmeva. magaliTad, Tuki v-s CaemoerTva mSoblis ufleba imis gamo, rom igi sistematurad borotad iyenebda alkohols, uxeSad eqceoda Svils da ar zrunavda mis aRzrda-ganviTarebaze, magram ramdenime wlis gasvlis Semdeg man Tavi
3
antisazogadoebrivi qmedeba _ qmedeba, romelic ewinaaRmdegeba sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli zneobisa da eTikis normebs. magaliTad: prostitucia, gamabruebeli an samkurnalo saSualebebis ukanono moxmareba, maTxovroba, mawanwaloba da sxv.
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daaneba alkoholis moxmarebas da sruliad gamosworda, _ SesaZloa sasamarTlom aRadginos misi, rogorc mSoblis uflebebi da movaleobebi. es SeiZleba moxdes rogorc erT-erTi mSoblis, ise bavSvis an meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos iniciativiT. mSoblis uflebebisa da movaleobebis aRdgenisas, sasamarTlo iTvaliswinebs bavSvis survilsac, Tu mas Seusrulda aTi weli. mSoblis ufleba-movaleobebis aRdgena ar daiSveba im bavSvis mimarT, romelic sxvam iSvila.
mSoblebis saalimento ufleba-movaleobebi Svilebis mimarT
mSoblebi, rogorc qorwinebis ganmavlobaSi, ise qorwinebis Sewyvetis Semdeg, movaleni arian, arCinon Taviani arasrulwlovani da aseve srulwlovani, magram Sromisuunaro Svilebi, risTvisac yovelTviurad unda gaiRon garkveuli fuladi Tanxa _ sarCo (alimenti). alimentis odenoba ganisazRvreba im TanxiT, romelic saWiroa bavSvis normaluri rCena-aRzrdisTvis da mas mSoblebi Tavad gansazRvraven rogorc sakuTari, ise Svilis realuri materialuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT. Tuki mSoblebi ver SeTanxmdnen, maSin gadawyvetilebas iRebs sasamarTlo. garda Cveulebrivi sayofacxovrebo xarjebisa, risTvisac alimentia gankuTvnili, mSobels SeiZleba aseve daekisros damatebiT xarjebSi monawileobac, romelic gamowveulia gansakuTrebuli garemoebebiT, magaliTad bavSvis mZime avadmyofobiT, dasaxiCrebiT da sxva.
sayuradReboa! Tuki mSoblebi ver SeTanxmdnen alimentis gadaxdis sakiTxze da dava warimarTa sasamarTloSi, sasamarTlom manamdec SeiZleba daakisros mSobels alimentis gadaxda, sanam dava sabolood gadawydeba _ anu saqmis ganxilvis ganmavlobaSi. amas, SeiZleba ramdenime Tve daWirdes. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs miiRos droebiTi gankarguleba, romliTac mSobels, Tuki piri aseTad aris registrirebuli samoqalaqo reestris saagentoSi, daekisreba davis dasrulebamde 37
Svilis Sesanaxi saxsrebis gadaxda (droebiTi gankargulebis moTxovna SeiZleba sxva iseT sakiTxebzec, rogoricaa mSoblis SvilTan urTierTobis gansazRvra, bavSvis aRsazrdelad gadacema erT-erTi mSoblisTvis da sxva. droebiTi gankargulebis moTxovnis Sesaxeb gancxadebis nimuSi, SegiZliaT ixiloT diskze).
gaxsovdeT! mxolod mSoblebs ki ar ekisrebaT TavianTi arasrulwlovani an Sromisuunaro Svilebis rCenis movaleoba, aramed srulwlovanebis miRwevis Semdeg, Svilebic valdebulni arian, arCinon TavianTi Sromisuunaro mSoblebi, romlebic daxmarebas saWiroeben. yvela Svili movalea, yovelTviurad gaiRos saTanado saxsrebi umweo mSoblis sarCenad da monawileoba miiRos damatebiT xarjebSic. erTaderTi gamonaklisi, roca Svili SeiZleba gaTavisufldes mSoblis rCenis movaleobisgan, aris SemTxveva, rodesac sasamarTlo daadgens, rom mSoblebi Tavs aridebdnen mSoblis movaleobis Sesrulebas. bunebrivia, mSoblis uflebaCamorTmeuli piric kargavs Svilisgan alimentis moTxovnis uflebas. erTxel ukve dadgenili alimentis odenoba SeiZleba Seicvalos, _ Semcirdes an gaizardos, dainteresebuli piris moTxovniT, Tuki Seicvleba mSoblebis an Svilebis materialuri Tu ojaxuri mdgomareoba.
ojaxis sxva wevrebis saalimento movaleobani
garda mSoblebisa da Svilebisa, ojaxis sxva wevrebsac akisriaT valdebuleba, arCinon erTmaneTi saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi. erTmaneTis rCenis valdebuleba akisriaT da-Zmebs, papa-bebiasa da SviliSvilebs, maminacvaldedinacvalsa da gerebs. da-Zma, romelsac sakmao saxsrebi aqvT, movaleni arian, arCinon TavianTi arasrulwlovani an Sromisuunaro da-Zma, Tuki isini ver iReben daxma38
rebas mSoblebisgan. aseve, papa-bebiac movalea, arCinos Tavisi arasrulwovani an Sromisuunaro SviliSvilebi saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi da Tavis mxriv, sakmao saxsrebis mqone SviliSvilebic valdebulebi arian, arCinon papa-bebia, Tuki isini daxmarebas saWiroeben. da bolos, maminacvali da dedinacvali valdebulia, arCinos geri da geric valdebulia, arCinos maminacval-dedinacvali, Tuki isini adre zrdidnen an arCendnen mas.
alimentis gadaxdis wesi
rogorc wesi, alimentis gadaxda xdeba nebayoflobiT, Tumca SesaZloa, alimenti moTxovnil iqnas sasamarTlos meSveobiTac.
gaxsovdeT! Tuki sasamarTlos mimarTavT moTxovniT, daakisros ama Tu im pirs alimentis gadaxda, Tqven gaTavisuflebuli xarT sasamarTlo xarjebis gadaxdisgan. aseve, sasamarTlo valdebulia, Tqveni moTxovna ganixilos sxva sarCelebTan SedarebiT ufro swrafad, kerZod _ 1 Tvis vadaSi.
Tuki alimentis gadamxdeli sadme dasaqmebulia, maSin misi damsaqmebeli, yovelTviurad ukavebs mas xelfasidan (pensiidan, daxmarebidan da sxva) aliments da uxdis an ugzavnis mas alimentis mimRebs, TviTon alimentis gadamxdelis werilobiTi gancxadebis an saaRsrulebo furclis4 safuZvelze. alimentis moTxovna SeiZleba nebismier dros, sanam alimentis moTxovnis ufleba arsebobs, magram misi gadaxdis dakisreba, mxolod momavali droisTvis xdeba. magaliTad, Tuki Tqveni Svilis sasargeblod, misi mamisgan iTxovT aliments, maSin, rodesac bavSvi ukve 9 wlisaa, mamas ki alimenti am dromde ar gadauxdia, Tqven ar gaqvT ufleba, alimentis gadaxda moiTxovoT gasuli 9 wlisTvis. SegiZliaT, alimenti moiTxovoT mxolod
saaRsrulebo furceli _ aRmasruleblis mier gacemuli dokumenti, romlis safuZvelzec xdeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba
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momavali droisTis, rac gulisxmobs alimentis gadaxdis dakisrebas sarCelis aRZvris momentidan manamde, sanam bavSvs 18 weli ar Seusruldeba. magram, am wesidan arsebobs erTi gamonaklisi _ warsuli drois alimenti SeiZleba gadaxdevinebul iqnes 3 wlis farglebSi, Tu sasamarTlo daadgens, rom sarCelis wardgenamde, miRebuli iyo zomebi sarCos misaRebad (magaliTad, alimentis mimRebi sistematiurad iTxovda aliments), magram valdebuli piri Tavs aridebda mis gadaxdas. alimentis davalianeba ganisazRvreba movalis mier im periodSi miRebuli xelfasidan an sxva Semosavlidan, romlis ganmavlobaSic ar momxdara gadaxdevineba. magaliTad, Tuki gasuli 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi, movalis saSualo xelfasi iyo 500 lari, alimentis davalianeba am 3 wlisTvis, swored 500 laridan iqneba daangariSebuli. alimentis gadaxdisgan gaTavisufleba an davalianebis Semcireba, mxolod sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT SeiZleba. davalianebis gadaxdisgan mTlianad an nawilobriv gaTavisufleba, sasamarTlos im SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia, Tu daadgens, rom alimentis gadauxdeloba gamowveuli iyo alimentis gadaxdaze pasuxismgebeli piris avadmyofobiT an sxva sapatio mizeziT. sayuradReboa, rom Tuki pirs sasamarTlo daakisrebs alimentis gadaxdas, is ki kvlav jiutad Tavs aridebs am movaleobis Sesrulebas, mas SeiZleba, sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobac ki daekisros jarimis, gamasworebeli samuSaos an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo Sromis saxiT.
meurveoba da mzrunveloba
saojaxo samarTlis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani institutia meurveoba da mzrunveloba. ras niSnavs es cnebebi? saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, yovel pirs aniWebs garkveul uflebebsa da movaleobebs (rasac uflebaunarianoba ewodeba). Tumca, amave dros, adgens rom yvela pirs, yvela asakSi, ar SeuZlia an srulad ar SeuZlia isargeblos misi uflebebiTa da movaleobebiT (sakuTari uflebebisa da movaleobebis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas, kanoni qmedunarianobas uwodebs) imis gamo, rom misi fsiqikuri an/da gonebrivi mdgomareoba, ar iZleva 40
sakuTari qmedebebisa da maTi Sedegis srulad gacnobierebis saSualebas. Sesabamisad, garkveuli kategoriis pirebs, kanoni uzRudavs an saerTod arTmevs qmedunarianobas misi asakis an fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gamo. is pirebi, romelTac kanoni saerTod qmeduunarod miiCnevs, arian: 7 wlamde asakis bavSvebi da aseve, Wkuasustebi an suliT avadmyofi pirebi, romlebic sasamarTlom qmeduunarod aRiara. rac Seexeba 7-dan 18 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovnebs, isini SezRudul qmedunarianad miiCnevian, anu maT zogadad aqvT sakuTari ufleba-movaleobebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba, magram rogorc wesi, amisTvis saWiroeben kanonieri warmomadgenlis Tanxmobas. SezRudul qmedunarianad SeiZleba sasamarTlom srulwlovani piric ki aRiaros im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es piri borotad iyenebs alkohols an narkotikul nivTierebebs da amiT Tavis ojaxs mZime materialur mdgomareobaSi ayenebs. swored qmeduunaro da SezRudul qmedunariani pirebis interesebis dasacavad SemoiRo kanonmdebelma meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis instituti, vinaidan rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, am pirebs, garkveuli SesaZleblobis SezRudvis miuxedavad, mainc gaaCniaT uflebebi da movaleobebi. radgan TviTon ver axorcieleben am ufleba-movaleobebs, sWirdebaT piri, romlis meSveobiTac moaxdenen sakuTari kanonieri interesebis dacvas. meurve da mzrunveli arian is pirebi, romelTa meSveobiTac xdeba qmeduunaro da SezRudul qmedunariani pirebis ufleba-movaleobebis ganxorcieleba. meurve _ ewodeba qmeduunaro piris kanonier warmomadgenels, mzrunveli ki _ SezRudul qmedunariani piris warmomadgenels. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, mSoblebi raime specialuri gadawyvetilebis miRebis gareSe, avtomaturad iTvlebiani TavianTi Svilebis kanonier warmomadgenlebad. magram ra xdeba im dros, Tu bavSvi mSoblebis mzrunvelobis gareSea darCenili mSoblebis gardacvalebis, mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevis an sxva raime mizezis gamo? aseT SemTxvevaSi, meurves an mzrunvels niSnavs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo, romelic rogorc zemoT ganvmarteT, aris saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis sistemaSi Semavali dawesebuleba da misi teritoriuli organoebi. 41
bavSvisTvis meurvis an mzrunvelis daniSvna xdeba maSin, roca: a) bavSvis mSoblebs CamoerTmevaT, SeezRudebaT an SeuCerdebaT mSoblis ufleba-movaleobebi; b) gardacvlilia bavSvis orive mSobeli; g) sasamarTlo bavSvs mitovebulad aRiarebs; d) mSoblebi qmeduunarod an ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad arian aRiarebulebi. meurve eniSneba aseve im srulwlovan pirs, romelic sasamarTlom aRiara qmeduunarod, xolo mzrunveli _ im pirs, romelsac janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo, ar SeuZlia damoukideblad daicvas Tavisi uflebebi da Seasrulos Tavisi movaleobebi. meurve an mzrunveli SeiZleba iyos, rogorc sameurveo an samzrunvelo piris axlo naTesavi, aseve sxva piric. meurvisa da mzrunvelis SerCevis dros, mxedvelobaSi miiReba misi pirovnuli Tvisebebi, is urTierTdamokidebuleba, romelic arsebobs massa da sameurveo/samzrunvelo pirs Soris da sxva garemoebebi. meurved an mzrunvelad piris daniSvna, mxolod am piris TanxmobiT SeiZleba da Tuki mzrunveli eniSneba srulwlovan qmedunarian pirs (im SemTxvevaSi, Tu janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo ar SeuZlia damoukideblad daicvas Tavisi uflebebi da Seasrulos Tavisi movaleobebi) _ maSin am ukanasknelis TanxmobiTac. SeiZleba gardacvalebis win, mSoblebma Tavad gansazRvron, vin unda iyos maTi Svilebis meurve an mzrunveli da aseTi miTiTeba gascen notarialurad. Tu notariusi xelmisawvdomi ar aris, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organos mier damowmebuli dokumentis (anderZis) safuZvelze. meurved an mzrunvelad ar SeiZleba dainiSnos piri: a) romelsac ar miuRwevia 18 wlis asakisTvis: b) romelic sasamarTlos mier cnobilia qmeduunarod; g) romelsac CamoerTva an SeezRuda mSoblis ufleba, mSoblis uflebamovaleobebis SesrulebisaTvis Tavis aridebis gamo; 42
d) piri, romelic gaTavisuflebulia meurvis an mzrunvelis movaleobisagan imis gamo, rom saTanadod ar asrulebda am movaleobas. meurvis an mzrunvelis saqmianobaze, zedamxedvelobas axorcielebs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo, sameurveo (samzrunvelo) piris sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. meurveoba da mzrunveloba sruldeba usasyidlod. meurve da mzrunveli movaleni arian, izrunon sameurveo (samzrunvelo) pirze, uzrunvelyon movliTa da mkurnalobiT, daicvan misi uflebebi da interesebi, warmoadginon sameurveo/samzrunvelo piri mesame pirebTan urTierTobaSi, maT Soris sasamarTloSic. arasrulwlovnis meurve da mzrunveli movaleni arian, icxovron bavSvTan erTad. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba mzrunvelisa da 7-dan 18 wlamde bavSvis cal-calke cxovreba, Tu meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo CaTvlis, rom es uaryofiT gavlenas ar moaxdens bavSvis aRzrdaze da misi uflebebisa da interesebis dacvaze. meurve, sameurveo piris saxeliT, debs yvela aucilebel garigebas, xolo mzrunveli Tanxmobas iZleva garigebis dadebaze, Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi, isev da isev sameurveo/samzrunvelo piris interesebis dasacavad, kanoni ukrZalavs meurvesa da mzrunvels iseTi garigebebis dadebas, ramac SeiZleba sameurveo/samzrunvelo pirs ziani miayenos. aseTia magaliTad: garigeba, romelic Seexeba qonebis gasxvisebas, gayofas, Cuqebas, sesxis aRebasa da sxva iseT garigebas, romelsac Sedegad SeiZleba qonebis Semcireba mohyves. dainteresebulma pirma, maT Soris sameurveo (samzrunvelo) pirmac, SeiZleba gaasaCivros meurvisa da mzrunvelis moqmedeba meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoSi. Tuki meurve an mzrunveli arasaTanadod asruleben maTze dakisrebul movaleobebs, maSin isini SeiZleba gadayenebul an gaTavisuflebul iqnan maTi movaleobis Sesrulebisgan. Tu meurve an mzrunveli angarebis mizniT gamoiyenebs Tavis uflebamosilebas, an sameurveo/samzrunvelo pirs datovebs zedamxedvelobisa da aucilebeli daxmarebis gareSe, is pasuxs agebs kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. meurve da mzrunveli SeiZleba sakuTari TxovniTac gaTavisufldnen dakisrebuli movaleobisgan, Tu aqvT iseTi sapatio mizezi, rogoricaa avadmyofoba, materialuri mdgomareobis Secvla, SeuTavsebloba sameurveo/samzrunvelo pirTan da sxva. 43
meurveoba da mzrunveloba Sewydeba, Tuki sameurveo/samzrunvelo piri aRar saWiroebs meurvis an mzrunvelis daxmarebas imis gamo, rom srulwlovani gaxda, an qmedunarianad iqna cnobili, an mis mSobels aRudga mSoblis ufleba-movaleobebi da sxva.
Svilad ayvana
msoflioSi uamravi bavSvia, romelsac mSoblebisa da ojaxis mzrunveloba esaWiroeba. mzrunvelobas moklebuli bavSvebis uflebebs, saxelmwifo icavs da zrunavs maTi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaze. saqarTveloSi, araerTi ojaxi da piria, romelsac bavSvis Svileba an mindobiT ayvana surs. Svilad ayvanisa da mindobis pirobebs, aregulirebs saqarTvelos kanoni Svilad ayvanisa da mindobis Sesaxeb. saerTaSoriso gaSvilebas aregulirebs haagis konvencia bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, saqarTvelos kanoni socialuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb. bavSvis gaeros konvenciis Tanaxmad, im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac bavSvs ar hyavs mSoblebi, is saxelmwifos dacvis qveS imyofeba. amave debulebas iziarebs saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba. bavSvis uflebebi, gaSvilebisas, daculia saqarTvelos kanoniT `Svilad ayvanisa da mindobis Sesaxeb~. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, Svilad ayvana _ mSvilebelsa da naSvilebs Soris warmoSobili iseTive urTierTobaa, rogoricaa mSobelsa da Svils Soris; kanoni gansazRvravs, Tu vin SeiZleba iqnas gaSvilebuli: a) gasaSvilebeli bavSvi _ 18 wlamde asakis piri, romelic am kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, aRricxulia gasaSvilebel bavSvTa da mSvilebelTa erTian reestrSia Seyvanili da akmayofilebs kanoniT dadgenil moTxovnebs (18 wlamde piri; romlis mSoblebi sasamarTlom aRiara ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gardacvlilad; mitovebuli bavSvi; oboli bavSvi; mSoblebis TanxmobiT gaSvilebuli piri; bavSvi, romlis mSoblebsac CamoerTvaT mSoblis ufleba); b) napovni bavSvi _ 18 wlamde asakis piri, romlis aRmoCenis momentSi da am momentidan 6 kviris vadaSi, ver dadginda misi an/da mSoblis (mSoblebis) vinaoba, mis mitovebul bavSvad aRiarebamde; g) mitovebuli bavSvi _ 18 wlamde asakis piri, romlis aRmoCenis momentSi da am momentidan 6 kviris vadaSi, ver dadginda misi an/da mSoblis (mSoblebis) vinaoba da romelic saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, aRiarebuli iqna mitovebulad. 44
Svilad ayvanisgan gansxvavebiT, mindobiT aRzrda (Svilobilad ayvana), gulisxmobs saxelmwifosa da mimReb ojaxs Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, mimRebi ojaxis mier Svilobilis movlasa da aRzrdas; Svilad ayvana _ mSvilebelsa da naSvilebs Soris warmoSobili iseTive urTierTobaa, rogoricaa mSobelsa da Svils Soris; Svilad ayvana. Tu Tqven gadawyviteT, Svilad aiyvanoT bavSvi an mindobiT aRzardoT is, aucileblad unda icnobdeT yvela im procedurasa da wess, romelsac saxelmwifo adgens mSvileblebisa da dedobil/mamobilisTvis. gaSvilebis mizania bavSvis keTildReobisa da interesebis dacva, misTvis ojaxuri garemos Seqmna da srulfasovani ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa. gaSvileba SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki mosalodnelia, rom mSvilebelsa da naSvilebs Soris warmoiSveba iseTive urTierToba, rogoricaa mSobelsa da Svilebs Soris. gansakuTrebiT gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom yovlad dauSvebelia, raime saxis garigeba bavSvis biologiur mSoblebTan, kanonier warmomadgenelTan an/da fizikur an/da iuridiul pirebs Soris, an aseTi saqmianobisTvis xelis Sewyoba, Svilad ayvanis an mindobiT aRzrdis mizniT. Svilad ayvana, saxelmwifo kontrols eqvemdebareba. yvela procedurul sakiTxs, Svilad ayvanasTan an mindobasTan dakavSirebiT, agvarebs saagento _ saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros sistemaSi Semavali samsaxuri. aRniSnuli samsaxuri, aris meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis centraluri organo, xolo misi teritoriuli erTeuli, _ meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis adgilobrivi organo. gaSvileba iuridiulad unda iqnas gaformebuli. saagentos garda, yvela sxva fizikur da iuridiul pirs ekrZaleba: konkretuli bavSvis biologiur mSobels, kanonier warmomadgenels an /da fizikur an/da iuridiul pirebs Soris garigebis dadeba an raime winaswari saqmianoba. magaliTad, arasrulwlovnis mimarT, ukanono garigebis ganxorcieleba Svilad ayvanis mizniT an Svilad ayvanis mizniT, fexmZime qalebis winaswari SerCeva da mSobiarobisTvis, saqarTvelos farglebs gareT gayvanis SesaZleblobis Seqmna an aseT gaSvilebaSi xelis Sewyoba. aseTi qmedebebi, danaSaulia da isjeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT (muxli 172; muxli 1721 ). an aseTi saqmianobisTvis (garigebisaTvis), xelis Sewyoba Svilad ayvanis an mindobiT aRzrdis mizniT. 45
kanoniT, Svilad ayvanis dros, daSvebulia advokatis an sxva uflebamosili piris mier iuridiuli momsaxurebis gaweva, xolo saerTaSoriso gaSvilebis dros, _ mimRebi qveynis Svilad ayvanis saqmeebze uflebamosili organos, misi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi ki _ sxva Sesabamisi akreditebuli iuridiuli piris mier momsaxurebis gaweva.
gaxsovdeT! Tqven yovelTvis SegiZliaT mimarToT meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis adgilobriv organoebs, romlebic uflebamosilni arian, sakuTari uflebamosilebis farglebSi, Svilad ayvanisa da mindobiT aRzrdis sakiTxebze konsultaciebi gaswion (saqarTvelos kanoni Svilad ayvanisa da mindobis Sesaxeb. muxli 11z~). Tavdapirvelad, gavarkvioT, vin CaiTvleba mSvileblad. mSvilebeli unda iyos srulwlovani, qmedunariani piri. Svilad amyvans, mSvilebeli ewodeba. mSvilebeli, SeiZleba iyos saqarTvelos moqalaqe, moqalaqeobis armqone piri, saqarTveloSi mudmivad mcxovrebi ucxo qveynis moqalaqe. kanoni Svilad ayvanisa da mindobis Sesaxeb, gansazRvravs im pirTa nusxas, romlebic ar SeiZleba gamovidnen mSvileblebad: pirebi, romelsac CamoerTva mSoblis ufleba an adre hyavda Svilad ayvanili piri, an iyo arasrulwlovani piris meurve/mzrunveli, an mindobiT aRsazrdelad gadacemuli hyavda piri, magram es urTierToba gauqmda mis mier movaleobaTa arajerovnad Sesrulebis gamo; piri, romelsac saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, SezRuduli aqvs mSoblis ufleba; piri, romelsac janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo, ar SeuZlia mSoblis movaleobaTa jerovnad Sesruleba; piri, romelsac sasamarTlom, msjavri dasdo mZime an gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulisTvis da nasamarTloba ara aqvs moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT; piri, romelic nasamarTlevia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli, ojaxisa da arasrulwlovnis winaaRmdeg danaSaulebisTvis;
46
piri, romelsac ojaxisa da arasrulwlovnis winaaRmdeg gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulisTvis, ara aqvs moxsnili an gaqarwylebuli nasamarTloba.
vin SeiZleba iqnas naSvilebi? es aris 18 wlamde piri, romelic aRricxulia reestrSi da romelsac miniWebuli aqvs gasaSvilebeli bavSvis statusi. aseTi statusis mqone bavSvebia: a) bavSvi, romlis mSobeli (mSoblebi) sasamarTlom cno qmeduunarod, aRiara ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad an gamoacxada gardacvlilad; b) bavSvi, romelsac ar hyavs arc erTi mSobeli; g) bavSvi, romelic aRiarebuli iqna mitovebul bavSvad; d) bavSvi, romlis mSobels (mSoblebs) CamoerTva (CamoerTvaT) mSoblis ufleba; e) bavSvi, romlis mSobelma (mSoblebma) Tanxmoba ganacxada (ganacxades) bavSvis gaSvilebaze. meuRleebs SeuZliaT, bavSvi erTad iSvilon. ar SeiZleba, erTi bavSvi orma pirma iSvilos, garda meuRleebisa. erT-erT meuRles, SeuZlia iSvilos Tavisi, qorwinebis gareSe dabadebuli bavSvi an meuRlis Svili. Tu meuRleebi erTad iSvileben bavSvs, an erT-erTi iSvilebs meore meuRlis Svils, bavSvi iZens meuRleTa saerTo Svilis samarTlebriv mdgomareobas. Tu bavSvi Svilad ahyavs erT-erT meuRles, aucilebelia meore meuRlis Tanxmoba. gaxsovdeT, rom aseTi Tanxmoba saWiro ar aris Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: Tu meore meuRle aRiarebulia qmeduunarod, Tu meuRleebs, faqtobrivad, Sewyvetili aqvT saqorwino urTierToba erT welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi, meore meuRlis sacxovrebeli adgili ucnobia.
Svileba SeuZlia erT pirsac, Tuki igi akmayofilebs kanonis moTxovnebs. SesaZlebelia, bavSvi iSvilos martoxela qalma an kacma, aseve dedinacvalma an maminacvalma (im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac bavSvis mSoblebi cocxlebi ar arian).
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Tu meuRleebma erTad iSviles bavSvi, maT Soris qorwinebis Sewyveta, araviTar gavlenas ar iqoniebs Svilad ayvanaze. Svileba ZalaSi rCeba da cal-calke mcxovreb mSvilebels, an erT-erT maTgans, kvlav ekisreba naSvilebi bavSvis rCenisa da aRzrdis movaleoba. ganqorwinebisas, warmoSobil davas imis Sesaxeb, Tu visTan icxovrebs bavSvi, vis daekisreba alimenti, gadawyvets sasamarTlo. kanoniT, Svileba (Svilad ayvana) daiSveba, rogorc arasrulwlovani bavSvis, ise srulwlovanis. srulwlovanis Svileba SesaZlebelia: Tu mSvilebelsa da Svilad asayvans Soris, ukve arsebobda mSoblisa da Svilis urTierToba; igi ar ewinaaRmdegeba mSvileblis an Svilad asayvanis interesebs; Svileba zneobrivad gamarTlebulia.
Svilad SeiZleba aiyvanoT, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebSi myofi bavSvic (magaliTad bavSvi, romelic imyofeba bavSvTa saxlSi). am dros, saWiroa am organoTa werilobiTi Tanxmoba. Tanxmoba saWiroa maSinac, rodesac bavSvs ar hyavs mSoblebi (obolia, mitovebulia, mSoblebi ucnobia) da im SemTxvevebSic, rodesac bavSvs mSoblebi hyavs, magram isini araqmedunarianad arian aRiarebuli an maT CamorTmeuli aqvT mSoblis ufleba. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac bavSvs hyavs qmedunariani da Sromisuunaro an mZime avadmyofi mSoblebi, ris gamoc bavSvi bavSvTa saxlSi imyofeba, saWiroa ara marto mSoblis, aramed meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos Tanxmoba. Tu bavSvi bavSvTa saxlSi imyofeba, saWiroa am dawesebulebis administraciis Tanxmoba. aseve, saWiroa qmedunariani mSoblebis Tanxmoba, Tu aseTi bavSvs hyavs. Tu bavSvTa saxlSi bavSvis mibarebisas, mSoblebs bavSvis gaSvilebaze Tanxmoba ar gamouTqvamT, mxolod bavSvTa saxlis administraciis Tanxmoba, sakmarisi ar aris. unda gvaxsovdes, rom Svilad ayvanis procedura, xangrZlivi procesia da moicavs ramdenime etaps: pirveli etapia, Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis registracia. Svilad ayvanis procedura iwyeba socialuri momsaxurebis saagentos teritoriuli organodan, sadac Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis registracia xdeba. saagento, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis centraluri organoa, xolo mis teritoriul erTeulebs, saqarTvelos teritoriaze, warmoadgenen meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis adgilobrivi organoebi. 48
Svilad ayvanis msurvelma pirma (pirebma), bavSvis Svilad ayvanisTvis, unda gaiaron Sesabamisi registracia, registraciis an faqtobrivi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. saagentos teritoriuli samsaxuris SerCeva, Semdegi principiT xdeba: mSvileblis an Svilad asayvanis sacxovrebeli adgilis5 mixedviT; an bavSvis Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixedviT.
mniSvnelovania icodeT, rom registraciisTvis, saWiroa Semdegi dokumentaciis wardgena: gancxadeba; piradobis damadasturebeli sabuTi (moqalaqis piradobis mowmoba an pasporti) da misi asli; cnoba nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb; cnoba janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb; cnoba samedicino-narkologiuri Semowmebis Sesaxeb; cnoba samuSao adgilidan, Tanamdebobisa da xelfasis miTiTebiT, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moqalaqe dasaqmebulia; qonebisa da Semosavlebis Sesaxeb werilobiTi informacia; qorwinebis mowmoba da misi asli (Tu ganmcxadebeli qorwinebaSi imyofeba); Svilad ayvanasTan dakavSirebuli sxva dokumentacia.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mSvilebeli kandidati asayvani bavSvis naTesavia, man damatebiT unda warmoadginos naTesavuri kavSiris damadasturebeli dokumenti.
gldani-naZaladevis socialuri momsaxurebis centri, nino agaSenaSvili 62-33-69, 6233-68, 45-39-75; d.sarajiSvilis gamz. 1/didube-CuRureTis socialuri momsaxurebis centri, mari wereTeli 96-88-01, 94-33-01, 94-24-98;d. aRmaSeneblis gamz. 140a/ vakesaburTalos socialuri momsaxurebis centri, giorgi epitaSvili 39-13-80. 39-13-85, 39-13-95. vaJa fSavelas gamz 32; giorgi epitaSvili 37-17-39; mickeviCis q. 23/ Zveli Tbilisi-didgoris socialuri momsaxurebis centri; lile liparteliani 93-37-19, 9337-16, 93-37-23; g. tabiZis q. 4, me-5 sarTuli/ isani-samgoris socialuri momsaxurebis centri irakli sordia 71-01-26, 71-01-28, 45-29-70; moskovis gamz. 25.
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mSvileblisTvis, bavSvis SeTavazeba xdeba rigiTobis principis dacviT. magram arsebobs gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi, rodesac gasaSvilebeli bavSvis Svilad ayvanis upiratesi ufleba, mis naTesavs aqvs. upiratesi ufleba aqvs saqarTvelos moqalaqes, saqarTveloSi mudmivad mcxovreb moqalaqeobis armqone pirs, ucxo qveynis moqalaqes, romelic aris gasaSvilebeli bavSvis naTesavi. gasaSvilebeli bavSvis naTesavia da, Zma, SviliSvili, disSvili, ZmisSvili, geri Zmis Svili, geri dis Svili, biZaSvili, deidaSvili, mamidaSvili, biZa, deida, mamida an romelime maTganis Svili, dedinacvali, maminacvali. Svilad ayvanis upiratesi ufleba aqvs aseve mimReb ojaxs _ dedobils an/da mamobils _ bavSvis mindobiT aRsazrdelad gadacemidan, ara uadres 6 Tvisa. Svilad ayvanis upiratesi uflebiT sargeblobs aseve is mSvilebeli, romelsac ukve hyavs Svilad ayvanili gasaSvilebeli bavSvis da an/da Zma. Svilad ayvanis upiratesi ufleba gamoiyeneba Svilad ayvanis Taobaze, bavSvis biologiuri mSoblisa (mSoblebisa) da mSvileblis mier, saagentosTvis erToblivi mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi. Svilad ayvanis dros, daculi unda iqnas ara mxolod gasaSvilebel bavSvTa da mSvilebelTa reestrSi6 (SemdgomSi _ reestri) arsebuli rigiToba, aramed mTeli rigi sakiTxebi: gasaSvilebeli bavSvis interesebi, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas mSvilebel ojaxTan/pirTan misi Tavsebadoba. zemoT CamoTvlili Svilad ayvanis upiratesi uflebis mqone pirebis mimarT, ar moqmedebs rigiTobis principi. Tuki mSvileblobis kandidatma SeTavazebul bavSvze ganacxada uari, is mainc inarCunebs arsebul rigiTobas da mas unda SesTavazon sxva bavSvi, mis mier SerCeuli kriteriumebis Sesabamisad, xolo bavSvi unda SesTavazon sxva mSvilebels. gaSvilebisas, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas bavSvis Sesaxeb mSvileblebis gancxadebaSi miTiTebuli monacemebis moTxovnebi (sqesi, erovneba, asaki da sxva) da bavSvis interesebi. mSvilebel pirs an ojaxs, ufleba aqvs moinaxulos bavSvi. amasTan, mas (maT) unda gaaCndeT specialuri werilobiTi Tanxmoba, romelsac gascems
reestri _ sistema, romelic moicavs gasaSvilebel bavSvTa da mSvilebelTa Sesaxeb monacemebis erTobliobas.
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saagentos teritoriuli organo. mSvilebels, ufleba aqvs bavSvs Cautaros samedicino gamokvleva, kanonieri warmomadgenlis TanxlebiT. bavSvis SeTavazebidan 7 samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi, mSvilebelma unda miiRos gadawyvetileba bavSvis ayvanis Taobaze. Tu vada gadacilebuli iqna, CaiTvleba rom mSvilebeli uars ambobs SeTavazebul bavSvze. SeTavazebuli bavSvis Svilad ayvanis gadawyvetileba, mSvilebelma pirma, werilobiT unda acnobos teritoriul organos. meore etaps, mSvileblisa da bavSvis SeTavsebadobis dadgena warmoadgens. bavSvis Svilad ayvanis dros, unda dadgindes bavSvisa da mSvilebeli piris/ ojaxis Tavsebadoba. meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo, datalurad Seiswavlis Svilad ayvanis msurvelis saojaxo mdgomareobas, yofiT pirobebs, ojaxis wevrTa janmrTelobis mdgomareobas da sxva. garkveuli warmodgena unda Seiqmnas Svilad asayvani piris janmrTelobisa (magaliTad, xom ar aqvs am pirs fsiqikuri problemebi, xom ar aris daavadebuli saSiSi gadamdebi daavadebiT) da bavSvis aRzrdisaTvis aucilebel specifikurobaTa Sesaxeb (xom ar surs daeuflos Svilad asayvanis qonebas, gaaCnia Tu ara mSvileblobis kandidats bavSvis aRzrdisTvis saWiro Tvisebebi). unda dadgindes, ramdenad Tavsebadia mSvileblis kandidati bavSvis religiur mrwamsTan, mis xasiaTTan da sxva. Tavsebadobas adgens socialuri muSaki da amzadebs daskvnas. Tavsebadobis dadgenisas, gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba Semdegi kriteriumebi: asakobrivi sxvaoba, mSvilebelsa da gasaSvilebel bavSvs Soris, unda iyos aranakleb 16 weli; aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom arsebobs kanoniT dadgenili gamonaklisebi (magaliTad, 20 wlis deida, romelsac surs iSvilos Tavisi 8 wlis diSvili. mSvilebelsa da Svilobils Soris, gansxvaveba 12 welia7. Tu gasaSvilebelma bavSvma miaRwia 10 wlis asaks, saWiroa misi Tanxmoba; saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, mSvilebl(eb)isa da gasaSvilebeli bavSvis eTnikuri da religiuri warmomavloba; sxva kriteriumebi, romelsac socialuri muSaki saWirod CaTvlis Tavsebadobis gansazRvrisas.
saagento, socialuri muSakis mier Catarebuli kvlevis safuZvelze, amzadebs daskvnas mSvileblis reestrSi aRricxvaze ayvanidan, 1 kviris vadaSi.
7
samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsis komentarebi. Tbilisi. 2002. t.5.
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Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb daskvnaSi aRiniSneba: mSvileblis biografiuli monacemebi, pirovnuli Tvisebebi, socialuri da janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, bavSvis Svilad ayvanis motivi; gasaSvilebeli bavSvis biografiuli monacemebi, pirovnuli Tvisebebi, socialuri da janmrTelobis mdgomareoba. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia miTiTebuli iqnas, bavSvis eTnikuri da kulturuli Taviseburebebi. gamokvleul masalebSi, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organom, unda upasuxos mTavar kiTxvebze _ Svilad ayvana Seesabameba Tu ara bavSvis interesebs, Svilad ayvanis msurvels, SeuZlia Tu ara, Seasrulos mSoblis ufleba-movaleobebi. es masalebi, Semdgom, safuZvlad edeba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas.
bavSvis saqarTvelos teritoriaze gaSvilebis SemTxvevaSi, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis adgilobrivi organos mier momzadebuli daskvna, 1 kviris vadaSi waredgineba Sesabamis raionul (saqalaqo) sasamarTlos. Tu Svilad ayvanis procesSi gamovlinda garemoebebi, romelic gamoricxavs mSvilebeli ojaxisTvis/pirisTvis statusis SenarCunebas, saagentos teritoriuli organo iRebs gadawyvetilebas, aseT pirebs/pirs mouxsnas mSvileblis statusi. mesame etapia sasamarTloSi mimarTva da sasamarTlos mier, gaSvilebis gadawyvetilebis miReba. unda gvaxsovdes, rom Svilad ayvanis procedura marTalia saagentodan iwyeba, magram saboloo gadawyvetilebis gamomtani organo, sasamarTloa. mSvilebels, bavSvis Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb gancxadeba Seaqvs sasamarTloSi, mSvileblis an gasaSvilebeli bavSvis adgilsamyofelis mixedviT. gasaSvilebeli bavSvis interesebs, icavs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo. Svilad ayvanis saqme, ganixileba daxurul sasamarTlo sxdomaze. magram, mSvileblisa da gasaSvilebeli bavSvis (Tu igi 10 wlisaa an 10 welze metisaa) moTxovniT, sasamarTlo sxdoma SeiZleba iyos Ria, xolo informacia _ sajaro. akrZalulia bavSvis Svilad ayvana mSvileblis sasamarTlo sxdomaSi monawileobis gareSe. sasamarTlo, gadawyvetilebas iRebs, gancxadebis miRebidan, 2 kviris va52
daSi. Tu sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom Svilad ayvana Seesabameba gasaSvilebeli bavSvis interesebs da emsaxureba mis keTildReobas, mosamarTle gamoitans gadawyvetilebas bavSvis Svilad ayvanis Taobaze. sasamarTlo valdebulia, bavSvis Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan, 5 dRis vadaSi, acnobos samoqalaqo reestris saagentos, gadawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixedviT (muxli 215). gaxsovdeT, rom Svilad ayvana ZalaSia, bavSvis Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis dRidan. ra SemTxvevaSi xdeba Svilad ayvanaze (gaSvilebaze) uaris Tqma? uaris Tqma SeuZliaT rogorc mSvilebelsa da bavSvs, aseve meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos. Svilad ayvanis (gaSvilebis), Svilobaze proceduris ganxorcielebis nebismier etapze, uaris Tqmis ufleba aqvs mSvilebels da gasaSvilebels, Tu igi 10 wlisaa an 10 welze meti asakis bavSvi, romelic unda iSvilon. uari, SeiZleba gacxaddes sasamarTlos mier, Svilad ayvanis (gaSvilebis) sakiTxze, saboloo gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde. sasamarTlos saboloo gadawyvetilebis gamotanamde, bavSvis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos SeuZlia Secvalos sakuTari daskvna da moiTxovos sasamarTlo procesis SeCereba. mSvileblis moTxovniT, konfidencialurobis dacvis motiviT, bavSvs SeiZleba Seecvalos saxeli, gvari, dabadebis adgili da gansakuTrebuli mizezis arsebobisas, _ dabadebis TariRi. dabadebis TariRi ar SeiZleba Seicvalos erT Tveze meti vadiT. mSvileblis moTxovniT, bavSvis dabadebis aqtis CanawerSi, igi mieTiTeba naSvilebis mSoblad. Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, naSvilebi kargavs qonebriv (magaliTad, qonebis memkvidreoba) da pirad araqonebriv uflebebs (magaliTad, saavtoro ufleba) da Tavisufldeba movaleobebisgan, Tavisi biologiuri mSoblisa (mSoblebisa) da naTesavebis winaSe. naSvilebi da misi STamomavloba, mSvileblisa da mis naTesavTa mimarT, iseTive naTesavad iTvleba, rogorc biologiuri naTesavebi. maT iseTive piradi da qonebrivi urTierTobebi warmoeSobaT, rogorc biologiur naTesavebs. Svilad ayvanis procedurebSi monawile nebismieri piri, valdebulia
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saidumlod Seinaxos Svilad ayvanis informacia. Svilad ayvanis saidumloebis gamJRavneba, biologiuri mSoblis, mSvileblisa da srulwlovani naSvilebis Tanxmobis gareSe, akrZalulia. piradi da ojaxuri saidumloebis xelyofa, isjeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT (muxli 157). sasamarTlo is organoa, romelic wyvets Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis sakiTxs. Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gauqmdes, Tu: a) Svilad ayvana ganxorcielda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTa darRveviT; b) amas moiTxovs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo, naSvilebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT; g) sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb, efuZneba yalb dokumentebs; d) Svilad ayvana fiqtiuria. sasamarTlos, Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba SeuZlia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu daadgens, rom es Seesabameba naSvilebis interesebs. Tu naSvilebi 10 wlisaa an 10 welze metisaa, Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba, mxolod naSvilebis TanxmobiTaa dasaSvebi. Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis moTxovniT, sasamarTloSi, gancxadebis wardgena SeuZliaT: naSvilebis biologiur mSobels (mSoblebs), Tu Svilad ayvana ganxorcielda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis moTxovnaTa darRveviT; meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos, Tu es aucilebelia naSvilebis interesebis dasacavad; dainteresebul pirs, romelsac miaCnia, rom Svilad ayvana ar Seesabameba naSvilebis interesebs da igi unda gauqmdes. amis Taobaze, is acnobebs meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos.
Tu mosarCele aris naSvilebis biologiuri mSobeli (mSoblebi) da misTvis (maTTvis) ucnobia mSvileblis vinaoba, gancxadeba Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis moTxovniT, waredgineba sasamarTlos, am sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanis adgilis mixedviT.
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Svilad ayvana baTilad CaiTvleba, Svilad ayvanis gauqmebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gamotanis momentidan. icodeT, rom Svilad ayvanis baTilad cnobisas, naSvilebsa da mSvilebels, agreTve maT naTesavebs Soris, wydeba arsebuli ufleba-movaleobani. Svilad ayvanis gauqmebisas, ufleba-movaleobebi aRdgeba Svilsa da biologiur mSobels (mSoblebs) da STamomavlobiT naTesavebs Soris. Tu Svilad ayvana gauqmebulia mSvileblis mier bavSvis aRzrdis movaleobis arajerovnad Sesrulebis gamo, bavSvs unarCundeba mSvileblisgan alimentis miRebis ufleba. Svilad ayvanis baTilad cnobis Semdeg, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebiT, arasrulwlovani piri gadaecema mSobels (mSoblebs), xolo Tu es SeuZlebelia an mis interesebs ewinaaRmdegeba, _ meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos.
mindobiT aRzrda
mindobiT aRzrda gulisxmobs, saxelmwifosa da mimReb ojaxs Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, mimRebi ojaxis mier, bavSvis movlasa da aRzrdas. mindobiT aRzrdis SemTxvevaSi, bavSvi movlisa da aRzrdisTvis, gadaecema dedobils/mamobils. mindobiT aRzrdis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebis uflebamosileba, eniWebaT meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebs. mindobiT aRzrdis gadawyvetileba, socialuri muSakis mier miiReba. socialuri muSaki, bavSvis interesebis dacvisa da saWiroebebis gansazRvriT xelmZRvanelobs. is aseve iTvaliswinebs bavSvis mindobiT aRzrdis msurvel pirTa SesaZleblobebsa da im pirobebs, romlebic miTiTebuli iyo Svilad ayvanis sakiTxis ganxilvisas. socialuri muSaki amzadebs daskvnas. aRzrdisas, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebi, mindobiT aRzrdis SemTxvevaSi, iTvaliswineben pirTa survils bavSvis asakTan, sqesTan da janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebiT; SesaZleblobis farglebSi, uzrunvelyofen bavSvis axlo eTnikur, religiur da kulturul garemoSi aRzrdis SesaZleblobas. mindobisas, ojaxSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis raodenoba ar unda aRematebodes Svids. aq, igulisxmebian mamobili/dedobilis biologiuri Svilebic 55
da Svilad ayvanili bavSvebic. 10 wels miRweuli bavSvis mindobiT aRzrda, mxolod misi TanxmobiTaa SesaZlebeli. dauSvebelia da-Zmis, debis an/da Zmebis daSoreba, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac es Seesabameba maT interesebs. mindobiT aRsazrdelsa da dedobils/mamobils Soris, asakobrivi sxvaoba unda iyos, aranakleb 15 wlisa. Tu Tqven gadawyviteT, gaxdeT dedobili da aRsazrdelad aiyvanoT bavSvi, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organo, TqvenTan dadebs xelSekrulebas bavSvis mindobiT aRzrdis Sesaxeb. bavSvis mindobiT aRzrdis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba, SeiZleba daidos nebismieri vadiT, mindobiT aRsazrdelis mier srulwlovanebis miRwevamde. bavSvis mindobiT aRzrdis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba unda moicavdes: a) bavSvze zrunvisa da misi aRzrdis pirobebs; b) dedobilis/mamobilis uflebebsa da movaleobebs; g) meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos uflebebsa da movaleobebs; d) mindobiT aRsazrdelis uflebebsa da movaleobebs; e) mxareTa pasuxismgeblobas; v) xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis pirobebs. kanoni, Svilad ayvanisa da mindobis Sesaxeb, iTvaliswinebs pirobebs, rodesac SeiZleba Sewydes bavSvis mindobiT aRzrdis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba: mimRebi ojaxis iniciativiT, Tu arsebobs dasabuTebuli mizezi (avadmyofoba, ojaxuri an materialuri mdgomareobis gauareseba, mindobiT aRsazrdelsa da mimRebi ojaxis wevrebs Soris konfliqti); meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos iniciativiT, Tu mimReb ojaxSi Seqmnilia mindobiT aRsazrdelze zrunvisa da misi aRzrdisTvis saziano pirobebi da garemo; mindobiT aRsazrdelis biologiur ojaxSi dabrunebis SemTxvevaSi; mindobiT aRsazrdelis Svilad ayvanis SemTxvevaSi; Tu mindobiT aRsazrdeli gaxda srulwlovani;
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Tu mindobiT aRsazrdeli daqorwinda; xelSekrulebis vadis amowurvisTanave. 2. bavSvis mindobiT aRzrdis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis vadamde Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi, bavSvi gadaecema meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos, romelmac unda miiRos saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli zomebi.
mindobiT aRsazrdelze zrunvis xarjebi, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetidan ifareba. dedobili/mamobili bavSvis mindobiT aRzrdisTvis, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, iRebs socialur daxmarebas, romlis odenoba Seadgens 200 lars _ janmrTeli bavSvisTvis; 300 lars, _ SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone baSvisTvis (SSmp). mindobiT aRzrdis xelSekrulebis gaformebis Semdeg, mimRebi mSoblebi Tavisufldebian saSemosavlo gadasaxadiT dabegvrisagan im SemTxvevaSi, Tu misi Semosavali, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, 6 000 lars ar gadaaWarbebs. gaxsovdeT, rom dedobils, iseve rogorc mamobils, bavSvis mindobiT aRzrda SromiT staJSi eTvleba. a) dedobili/mamobili valdebulia, izrunos mindobiT aRsazrdelze misi individualuri ganviTarebis gegmis Sesabamisad; b) Seuqmnas mindobiT aRsazrdels normaluri ojaxuri garemo; g) acnobos meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos mindobiT aRsazrdelisTvis saziano pirobebisa da garemos Seqmnis Sesaxeb; d) saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, xeli Seuwyos mindobiT aRsazrdelis urTierTobas mis kanonier warmomadgenelTan da sxva naTesavebTan; e) icxovros mindobiT aRsazrdelTan erTad; v) ganaxorcielos saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli sxva uflebebi da Seasrulos movaleobebi. mindobiT aRsazrdels, garkveuli uflebebi gaaCnia mimReb ojaxSi. mindobiT aRsazrdelTan dakavSirebiT, nebismieri gadawyvetilebis miRebisas, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas misi azri. mindobiT aRzrdisas, ar izRudeba biologiur ojaxebTan da naTesavebTan urTierToba.
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58
qali da memkvidreobiTi samarTali
ra aris memkvidreobis ufleba?

memkvidreobis ufleba niSnavs yoveli adamianis uflebas, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, miiRos memkvidreoba da aseve Tavisi survilis Sesabamisad, gansazRvros Tu vis darCeba misi qoneba gardacvalebis Semdeg. es ufleba aRiarebuli da daculia saqarTvelos konstituciis mier da saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi, iseve rogorc saqarTvelos teritoriaze myofi sxva pirebi, Tanasworad sargebloben am uflebiT. Tumca, amis sawinaaRmdegod, xSirad adamianebi fiqroben xolme, rom magaliTad, rodesac qali Txovdeba da mSoblebis ojaxidan midis, mas mSoblebis qonebidan aRaraferi ekuTvnis da mTeli qoneba vaJiSvil(eb)s unda darCes, an rodesac erTi Zma gardaicvleba, mis mTel danatovars, meore Zma iRebs da das araferi ergeba. aseTi da misi msgavsi sxva mosazrebebi, mcdaria. Tqvenc iseTive ufleba gaqvT miiRoT Tqveni mSoblebis, meuRlis, Svilebis, dedmamiSvilebisa da sxva naTesavebis mier datovebuli qoneba, rogorc mamakacebs.
kanoniT memkvidreoba saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, memkvidreobis or formas icnobs: kanoniT da anderZiT. kanoniT memkvidreoba gulisxmobs imas, rom Tuki gardacvlil pirs ar dautovebia anderZi, maSin memkvidreobas, avtomaturad, konkretuli kategoriis pirebi iReben. es pirebi arian: pirvel rigSi: gardacvlilis mSoblebi, Svilebi da meuRle. Tuki arcerTi am pirTagan cocxali ar aris, an yvela uars ambobs memkvidreobis miRebaze, an yvela maTgans CamorTmeuli aqvs memkvidreobis miRebis ufleba, maSin memkvidreTa meore rigSi arian: gardacvlilis debi da Zmebi. 59
Tuki romelime zemoT CamoTvlili mizezis gamo, verc am rigis memkvidreebi iReben memkvidreobas, maSin samkvidro qoneba gadadis mesame rigis memkvidreebze _ bebia-babuaze. Tu verc bebia-babua iRebs memkvidreobas, maSin maT adgils ikavebs meoTxe rigi: gardacvlilis biZebi (dedis an mamis Zma), deidebi da mamidebi. da bolos, mexuTe rigSi dganan: biZaSvilebi, deidaSvilebi da mamidaSvilebi
mSoblebi, Svilebi, meuRle
bebia-babua
biZebi, deidebi da mamidebi
biZaSvilebi, deidaSvilebi, mamidaSvilebi
es rigiToba gulisxmobs imas, rom Tuki wina rigis Tundac erTi memkvidre cocxalia da iRebs memkvidreobas, momdevno rigis memkvidreoba gamoiricxeba. magaliTad, Tuki gardacvlilis meuRle iRebs memkvidreobas, momdevno rigis memkvidreebi: debi da Zmebi, bebia-babua, biZebi, deidebi da a.S. memkvidreobas veRar miiReben. kanoniT memkvidreebi SeiZleba iyvnen mxolod is pirebi, romlebic cocxlebi arian mamkvidreblis gardacvalebis momentSi. aseve gardacvli60
lis Svilebi, romlebic Caisaxnen mamkvidreblis sicocxleSi da misi gardacvalebis Semdeg, cocxlebi daibadnen. daqorwinebuli meuRleebis SemTxvevaSi, mamis gardacvalebisas, bavSvi mis Svilad CaiTvleba, Tuki igi daibadeba mamis gardacvalebidan ara ugvianes aTi Tvisa. Tuki bavSvi ufro gvian daibada, iTvleba rom igi ar aris gardacvlili mamis Svili da Sesabamisad, igi ver miiRebs memkvidreobas. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki saxezea erTi rigis ramdenime memkvidre, magaliTad gardacvlils darCa erTi mSobeli, meuRle da ori Svili, memkvidreoba maT Soris Tanabrad nawildeba, anu moyvanil SemTxvevaSi, mTeli samkvidro qoneba gaiyofa oTxad da TiToeul am pirs miecema meoTxedi. rogorc ukve vTqviT, kanoniT memkvidreobis sakiTxi dgeba maSin, rodesac piri ise gardaicvleba, rom ar gamouxatavs Tavisi bolo neba-survili misi qonebis vinmesTvis datovebis Sesaxeb, anu ar Seudgenia anderZi. Tumca, SesaZlebelia, iyos iseTi SemTxvevac, roca anderZi arsebobs, magram ara mTlian qonebaze, aramed mis garkveul nawilze. an marTalia, gardacvlilma anderZi datova, magram Semdeg, kanoniT arsebuli safuZvlebis gamo (rasac qvemoT ganvixilavT), moxda misi mTlianad an nawilobriv baTilad cnoba. aseT SemTxvevebSic, amoqmeddeba kanoniT memkvidreobis wesebi da gavrceldeba im qonebaze, romelzec anderZSi araferia naTqvami, an iyo naTqvami, magram anderZi baTilad iqna cnobili. aseT qonebas, Cveulebriv, miiReben kanoniT memkvidreebi.
anderZi. anderZis forma. Sedgenis wesi. anderZis Secvla da moSla
rogor SevadginoT anderZi? nebismier srulwlovan pirs, ufleba aqvs, Tavisi sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi, Seadginos anderZi da gansazRvros mTeli misi qonebis bedi gardacvalebis Semdeg. anderZis Sedgenis dros, pirs aqvs sruli Tavisufleba imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu vis dautovebs Tavis qonebas. anderZiT memkvidreobisas, gansxvavebiT kanoniT memkvidreobisgan, memkvidre (memkvidreebi) SeiZleba iyos ara mxolod gardacvlilis naTesavi, aramed nebismieri piri, romelic cocxali iyo mamkvidreblis gardacvalebis momentSi, aseve pire61
bi, romlebic Caisaxnen mamkvidreblis sicocxleSi da cocxlebi daibadnen misi gardacvalebis Semdeg. garda amisa, anderZiT memkvidre SeiZleba iyos iuridiuli piric, nebismieri kerZo an sajaro, samewarmeo an arasamewarmeo organizacia. erTaderTi piroba, am SemTxvevaSi is aris, rom igi Seqmnili unda iyos samkvidros gaxsnis _ anu mamkvidreblis gardacvalebis momentSi. anderZis Sedgenis momentSi aucilebeli moTxovnaa, rom anderZis Semdgeneli iyos qmedunariani piri, romelsac SeuZlia gonivrulad gansajos sakuTari moqmedeba da naTlad gamoxatos Tavisi neba. sxva SemTxvevaSi, dadgeba anderZis baTilobis sakiTxi. garda amisa, meore aucilebeli moTxovnaa isic, rom anderZi moanderZem piradad unda Seadginos. dauSvebelia anderZis Sedgenis sxva pirze davaleba an gadandoba. anderZi SeiZleba Seicavdes mxolod erTi piris neba-survils. erToblivi anderZis Sedgena, kanoniT akrZalulia garda erTi SemTxvevisa _ samoqalaqo qorwinebaSi myof meuRleebs, SeuZliaT Seadginon erToblivi anderZi urTierTmemkvidreobaze, anu imaze, Tu ras utoveben erTmaneTs meuRleebi romelimes gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi. aseTi erToblivi anderZi, SeiZleba gauqmdes erT-erTi meuRlis moTxovniT, magram mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac orive meuRle cocxalia.
ra formiT unda Sedges anderZi? anderZi unda Sedges werilobiT. amasTan, dasaSvebia werilobiTi anderZi _ sanotaro formiT an mis gareSe. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gadawyvetT, rom SeadginoT sanotaro formiT dadasturebuli anderZi, gaiTvaliswineT: 1) notariusis funqciebi SeiZleba ganaxorcielos ara mxolod notariusma, aramed notariusTan gaTanabrebulma pirebma, romlebic arian: a) saavadmyofos, hospitalisa da sxva samkurnalo dawesebulebis, sanatoriumis mTavari eqimi, ufrosi, maTi moadgile samedicino nawilSi, morige eqimi, moxucebulTa da invalidTa saxlis direqtori an mTavari eqimi _ Tu moanderZe am dawesebulebaSi mkurnalobs an cxovrobs; b) saZiebo, geografiuli da sxva msgavsi eqspediciis ufrosi _ Tu moanderZe aseT eqspediciaSi imyofeba;
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g) gemis kapitani an sahaero xomaldis meTauri _ Tu moanderZe gemze an sahaero xomaldze imyofeba; d) samxedro nawilis, SenaerTis, dawesebulebisa da saswavleblis meTauri (ufrosi), Tu samxedro nawilebis dislokaciis adgilas notariusi ar aris da Tu moanderZe samxedro mosamsaxure an samxedro nawilSi momsaxure samoqalaqo piri an maTi ojaxis wevria; e) Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilis ufrosi _ Tu moanderZe Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi imyofeba. 2) anderZi SegiZliaT daweroT Tqveni xeliT da daamowmebinoT notariuss an ukarnaxoT da Tqveni sityvebiT daweros notariusma ori mowmis TandaswrebiT; am dros, anderZi unda waikiTxos notariusma da xeli unda moaweroT notariusisa da mowmis TandaswrebiT; 3) anderZi SeiZleba daiweros xeliT da saerTod miRebuli teqnikuri saSualebebiTac (sabeWd manqanaze, kompiuterze da a.S); 4) Tuki raime mizeziT xels ver awerT anderZs, SeiZleba Tqveni TxovniT, xeli moaweros sxvam, magram unda aRiniSnos mizezi, ris gamoc Tqven ver SeZeliT xelis mowera; 5) Tu moanderZe yru-munjia an yru-munji wera-kiTxvis ucodinaria, anderZi unda Sedges notariusTan, ori mowmisa da iseTi piris TandaswrebiT, romelsac SeuZlia gaagebinos mas saqmis arsi da daadasturos xelmoweriT, rom anderZis Sinaarsi Seesabameba moanderZis nebas; 6) Tu moanderZe brmaa an wera-kiTxvis ucodinari, anderZi unda Sedges notariusTan sami mowmis TandaswrebiT, ris Sesaxebac unda gakeTdes saTanado Canaweri, romelic waekiTxeba moanderZes. am dros, ar SeiZleba anderZis Camweric da misi wamkiTxvelic, erTi da igive piri iyos. da CanawerSi unda mieTiTos, Tu vin gaakeTa Canaweri da vin waukiTxa moanderZes. Canawers xeli unda moaweron mowmeebma da daadasturos notariusma. 7) anderZis mowmeebi ar SeiZleba iyvnen: arasrulwlovanebi, qmeduunaro pirebi, anderZiT memkvidre da misi naTesavebi daRmavali da aRmavali xaziT, debi, Zmebi, meuRle da aseve saanderZo danakisris mimRebi (ix. Tavi saanderZo danakisris Sesaxeb); 8) notariuss, sxva pirs, romelmac daadastura anderZi, mowmes, aseve pirebs, romlebmac xeli moaweres anderZs moanderZis nacvlad, ufleba ara
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aqvT, samkvidros gaxsnamde, gaamxilon cnobebi, romlebic Seexeba anderZis Sinaarss, mis Sedgenas, Secvlas an gauqmebas. 9) SegiZliaT, anderZi daweroT Tqveni xeliT, xeli moaweroT da Semdgom gadasceT daluqul konvertSi notariuss, sami mowmis TandaswrebiT, rac dasturdeba konvertze xelis moweriT. aseTi anderZi Seinaxeba notariusTan. Tuki airCevT martiv werilobiT formas, notariuli dadasturebis gareSe, gaiTvaliswineT: 1) anderZi SegiZliaT daweroT Tqveni xeliT da moaweroT xeli; Tuki gadawyvetT anderZi saerTod miRebuli teqnikuri saSualebiT SeadginoT (sabeWd manqanaze, kompiuterze akrefiT da a.S), maSin anderZis Sedgena da masze xelis mowera unda moxdes ori mowmis TandaswrebiT, romlebic daadastureben, rom anderZi Sedgenili iyo maTi TandaswrebiT, teqnikuri saSualebis gamoyenebiT. dadastureba unda moxdes anderZze xelis moweris Semdeg dauyovnebliv, Tqveni da mowmeebis TandaswrebiT, anderZze Sesabamisi warweris gakeTebiT da mowmeTa saxelis, gvarisa da sacxovrebeli adgilis miTiTebiT. 2) SesaZlebelia rogorc Ria, ise daxuruli anderZis Sedgena. daxurul anderZs mowmeebi ar ecnobian, isini mxolod eswrebian mis Sedgenas da adastureben xelmoweriT, rom anderZi Sedgenili iqna Tqvens mier piradad, magram isini ar gacnobian anderZis Sinaarss. 3) anderZSi unda miuTiToT misi Sedgenis TariRi. TariRis ararsebobam, SeiZleba gamoiwvios anderZis baTiloba, oRond mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki warmoiSva eWvi, rom anderZis Sedgenis, misi Secvlisas an gauqmebisas, aseve ramdenime anderZis arsebobisas _ moanderZe ar iyo qmedunariani da aseTi eWvi ver gaqarwylda.
rogor SeiZleba anderZiT qonebis ganawileba? moanderZes ufleba aqvs, anderZiT gansazRvros TiToeuli memkvidris wili an miuTiTos, Tu romel memkvidreze konkretulad romeli qoneba gadava. magaliTad, erT Svils dautovos saxli, meores ki _ avtomobili. Tuki anderZiT aseTi ram gansazRvruli ar aris, maSin qoneba Tanabrad nawildeba yvela memkvidres Soris. 64
SesaZloa aseve, moanderZem mxolod erTi memkvidris wili gansazRvros, danarCenisa ki _ ara. magaliTad: memkvidreebad dasaxelebulni arian meuRle da sami Svili da anderZSi miTiTebulia, rom mamkvidreblis sacxovrebeli saxli rCeba meuRles, Svilebis wilze ki araferia naTqvami. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Svilebi Tanabrad miiReben sacxovrebeli saxlis garda arsebul qonebas. moanderZes ara aqvs ufleba, anderZiT sxvas daavalos memkvidreTaTvis wilis da misi odenobis gansazRvra. es mxolod moanderZis prerogativaa. sasurvelia, rom anderZis Sedgenisas, zustad dasaxeldnen memkvidreebi ise, rom maTi identificireba ar iyos rTuli. Tumca im SemTxvevaSi, Tu memkvidre gansazRvrulia iseTi niSnebiT, romelsac ramdenime piri SeiZleba Seesabamebodes (magaliTad, anderZSi weria, rom mamkvidreblis avtomobili ergos mamkvidreblis Svils, mas ki 2 Svili hyavs), maSin es pirebi samkvidrodan Tanabar wils miiReben. Tuki anderZiT gansazRvruli romelime memkvidre ise gardaicvala, rom samkvidros miReba ver moaswro, maSin misi wili sxva anderZiT memkvidreebze gadanawildeba. sainteresoa, rom anderZiT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnas ara mxolod is qoneba, romelic pirs anderZis Sedgenis dros gaaCnia, aramed momavali qonebac _ anu qoneba, romelic anderZis Sedgenisas, mas jer kidev ar gaaCnda, magram samkvidros gaxsnis momentisTvis, aseTi qoneba misi sakuTreba iqneba. moanderZes ufleba aqvs, anderZSi daasaxelos is piri, romelic miiRebs memkvidreobas im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki anderZiT daniSnuli memkvidre, samkvidros gaxsnamde gardaicvleba, samkvidros ar miiRebs an memkvidreobis ufleba CamoerTmeva (saTadarigo memkvidre). mamkvidreblis gardacvalebis Semdeg, Tuki anderZi notariusTan inaxeboda, notariusi niSnavs dRes da gaacnobs anderZis Sinaarss dainteresebul pirebs, razec dgeba saTanado oqmi. Tu konverti, romelSic anderZia moTavsebuli, daluquli iyo, unda aRiniSnos luqis mTlianobis Sesaxeb.
anderZis Secvla da moSla, Zaladakargulad an baTilad cnoba moanderZes yovelTvis SeuZlia, Secvalos an moSalos anderZi romelime qvemoT CamoTvlili xerxiT: 65
a) axali anderZis SedgeniT, romelic pirdapir auqmebs wina anderZs an mis nawils; b) sanotaro organoSi gancxadebis SetaniT; g) anderZis yvela egzemplaris mospobiT moanderZis mier an notariusis mier moanderZis gankargulebiT. anderZi, romelic gauqmda Semdgom Sedgenili anderZiT, ar aRdgeba Tundac ufro gvian Sedgenili anderZi gauqmdes. Tu Sedgenilia ramdenime anderZi, romlebic avseben da mTlianad ar cvlian erTmaneTs, maSin yvela anderZi inarCunebs Zalas. Tuki ramdenime anderZTagan, erT-erTi Sedgenilia sanotaro formiT, danarCeni ki _ ara, upiratesoba eniWeba sanotaro formiT Sedgenil anderZs. sanotaro formiT Sedgenili anderZi ar SeiZleba moiSalos sxva formis anderZiT. anderZi Zalas kargavs, Tu: a) piri, romlis sasargeblodac iyo igi Sedgenili, gardaicvala moanderZeze adre; b) naanderZevi qoneba daikarga moanderZis sicocxleSi an moanderZem igi gaasxvisa; g) erTaderTi memkvidre uars ityvis samkvidros miRebaze. anderZi baTilad CaiTvleba zogadad iseTi pirobebis arsebobisas, romlebic saerTod garigebis baTilobas iwveven. garda amisa, baTilia iseTi saanderZo gankargulebebi, romlebic ewinaaRmdegebian kanons an sazogadoebriv interess, agreTve isini, romlebic gaugebari an winaaRmdegobrivia. anderZi sasamarTlos mier SeiZleba baTilad iqnas cnobili, Tuki igi Sedgenilia kanoniT dadgenili wesebis darRveviT da aseve iseT mdgomareobaSi, roca pirs ar SeeZlo Tavisi moqmedebis gacnobiereba da marTva. Tuki anderZiT iseTi nivTi an fuladi Tanxa ergeba memkvidres, romelic samkvidro qonebaSi ar aris _ aseTi saanderZo gankarguleba baTilia. baTilia aseve iseTi gankargulebac, romliTac gansazRvrulia, rom: 1) memkvidre samkvidros iRebs mxolod gansazRvruli droiT;
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2) memkvidre samkvidros iRebs ara mamkvidreblis gardacvalebis dRidan, aramed ufro gvian da aseve im SemTxvevaSi, Tu miTiTebulia piri, romelzedac unda gadavides samkvidro memkvidris gardacvalebis Semdeg. magaliTad, roca anderZiT deda saxls utovebs Tavis Svils da anderZSi aseve uTiTebs, rom Svilis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, saxli darCes mis ZmisSvils (an nebismier sxva pirs). garda amisa, memkvidrem SeiZleba sarCeliT moiTxovos iseTi saanderZo gankargulebis baTilad cnoba, romlis Sesrulebac mas ar SeuZlia janmrTelobis mdgomareobis an sxva obieqturi mizezebis gamo. Tuki anderZi moicavs ramdenime saanderZo gankargulebas da maTgan erT-erTi baTilia an Zala dakarga, es ar gulisxmobs, rom sxva saanderZo gankargulebebic baTili an Zaladakarguli iqneba. Tuki ar arsebobs maTi baTilobis an Zaladakargulad cnobis safuZvlebi, maSin danarCeni gankargulebebi, Cveulebriv ZalaSi rCeba. anderZis baTilobaze dava SeuZliaT rogorc kanoniT memkvidreebs, ise sxva dainteresebul pirebs. dainteresebul pirad CaiTvleba iseTi piri, romlisTvisac anderZis baTiloba konkretul samarTlebriv Sedegebs iwvevs. kanoniT gansazRvrulia vada, romlis ganmavlobaSic, anderZis baTilobaze dava SeiZleba. es vadaa ori weli, samkvidros gaxsnis dRidan. savaldebulo wili anderZis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, qonebas iReben uSualod is pirebi, romlebic moxseniebulni arian anderZSi da memkvidreTa kanoniT dadgenili rigiToba, mxedvelobaSi aRar miiReba. Tumca, aq aris erTi gamonaklisi. Tundac arsebobdes anderZi da Tundac mis Tanaxmad mamkvidreblis qoneba mTlianad gareSe pirze an pirebze iyos ganawilebuli I rigis memkvidreebi, anu mamkvidreblis meuRle, Svili da mSoblebi, mainc iReben garkveul wils qonebidan, rasac savaldebulo wili ewodeba. savaldebulo wilis odenobaa im wilis naxevari, rasac memkvidre miiRebda ,anderZi rom ar yofiliyo. ganvixiloT aseTi SemTxveva: vTqvaT, Tqvenma meuRlem, anderZiT, mTeli Tavisi qoneba dautova vinme g.-s. qonebas Seadgenda erTi sacxovrebeli saxli da 5000 lari. Tqveni me-
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uRlis erTaderTi kanoniT memkvidre xarT Tqven, amitom anderZi rom ar yofiliyo, mTel am qonebas Tqven miiRebdiT. vinaidan arsebobs anderZi, Tqven gaqvT ufleba, moiTxovoT rogorc sacxovrebeli saxlis, ise fuladi Tanxis naxevari, meore naxevari ki ergeba g.-s. Tumca, amave SemTxvevaSi, Tuki Tqvens garda kanoniT memkvidreebi arian aseve Tqveni meuRlis mSoblebi, maSin Tqveni wili iqneba mTliani samkvidros 1/6, vinaidan anderZis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, samkvidro qoneba gaiyofoda samad da TiToeuli memkvidre miiRebda 1/3-s. savaldebulo wilis moTxovna warmoiSoba piris gardacvalebisTanave an gardacvlilad gamocxadebis momentidan da es ufleba gadadis memkvidreobiT, anu Tuki piri gardaicvala manam, sanam miiRebda mis kuTvnil wils, maSin misi memkvidreebi gaxdebian am wilis mimRebebi. savaldebulo wilSi iTvleba is qonebac, romelic miiReT mamkvidreblis sicocxleSi. magaliTad, Tuki Tqveni mSoblebis sicocxleSi, maT gaCuqes sacxovrebeli bina da miuTiTes, rom es CaiTvalos Tqvens savaldebulo wilSi, da Semdgom maT sakuTrebaSi arsebuli meore sacxovrebeli bina anderZiT sxva pirs dautoves, maSin Tqven veRar moiTxovT wils im binidanac, radgan Tqvens mier miRebuli bina, CaiTvleba Tqvens savaldebulo wilSi. rogorc ukve ganvixileT, SesaZlebelia, anderZi moicavdes ara mTel qonebas, aramed mis nawils. am SemTxvevaSi, savaldebulo wili, pirvel rigSi, im qonebidan gamoiyofa, romelsac anderZi ar exeba, xolo Tuki igi ar iqneba sakmarisi wilis Sesavsebad, im qonebidanac, romelic anderZiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli. kanoni iTvaliswinebs savaldebulo wilis gazrdas gaCuqebuli nivTis xarjze. ras gulisxmobs es? warmovidginoT, rom magaliTad, Tqvenma mSobelma raime nivTi, vTqvaT 5 000 larad Rirebuli avtomobili, aCuqa Tavis uaxloes megobars. Tqveni mSoblis gardacvalebis Semdeg, misi danatovari qonebis Rirebuleba Seadgens 10 000 lars, romelic man anderZiT dautova Tavis mamidaSvils. Tqven, Cveulebriv, gekuTvniT 5 000 lari am qonebidan miuxedavad anderZisa, magram Tqven aseve gaqvT ufleba, moiTxovoT Tqveni wilis gazrda im saCuqris xarjzec, anu avtomobili Tqvens mSobels rom ar gaeCuqebina, is samkvid-
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roSi Sevidoda da mTeli qonebis Rirebuleba iqneboda ara 10 000, aramed 15 000, romlidanac Tqveni wili iqneboda naxevari, anu 7500 lari. Tumca, es wesi aRar imoqmedebs, Tuki nivTis gaCuqebidan 10 welia gasuli. Tqven gaqvT ufleba, uari TqvaT savaldebulo wilis miRebaze. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tqveni wili gadanawildeba anderZiT memkvidreebze. savaldebulo wilis miReba an miRebaze uaris Tqma, SeiZleba ganxorcieldes samkvidros gaxsnidan 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi. savaldebulo wilis uflebis CamorTmeva xdeba imave safuZvlebiT, rac dadgenilia zogadad memkvidreobis uflebis CamorTmevisTvis (ix. `memkvidreobis uflebis CamorTmevis safuZvlebi da pirobebi~). aseT SemTxvevaSic, savaldebulo wili gadanawildeba anderZiT memkvidreebze.
dauqorwinebeli, ganqorwinebuli da faqtobrivad ganqorwinebuli pirebis ufleba samkvidroze
mniSvnelovania icodeT, rom dauqorwinebel pirebs ara aqvT erTmaneTis mimarT memkvidreobis ufleba, anu Tuki Tqven ar imyofebiT registrirebul samoqalaqo qorwinebaSi Tqvens meuRlesTan, maSin misi gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, ver ganacxadebT pretenzias mis danatovar qonebaze. erTmaneTis mimarT memkvidreobis uflebas kargaven meuRleebi ganqorwinebis SemTxvevaSi, rac gulisxmobs ganqorwinebis registracias samoqalaqo reestrSi (ix. zemoT Tavi `ganqorwineba~) da aseve maSin, Tuki sasamarTlos meSveobiT dadasturdeba, rom meuRleebi marTalia, ar ganqorwinebulan zemoTaRniSnuli wesiT, magram isini erT-erTi meuRlis gardacvalebamde, aranakleb sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, cal-calke cxovrobdnen da maT Soris qorwineba, faqtobrivad, Sewyvetili iyo. meuRle maSinac kargavs memkvidreobis uflebas meore meuRlis qonebaze, Tuki arsebobda qorwinebis baTilobis safuZveli da mamkvidrebels, gardacvalebamde sarCeli hqonda sasamarTloSi Setanili, Tundac sasamarTlo dava veRar gagrZelebuliyo sarCelis Semtani piris gardacvalebis gamo.
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qorwinebis gareSe Sobili bavSvis memkvidreobis ufleba

saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, erTmaneTisgan ar ansxvavebs qorwinebaSi da qorwinebis gareSe Sobili bavSvebis samemkvidreo uflebebs. es gulisxmobs imas, rom Tqveni Svili, romelic qorwinebis gareSe SegeZinaT, Cveulebriv iseve miiRebs mamamisis memkvidreobas, rogorc qorwinebaSi Sobili bavSvi. Tumca, aq gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi garemoeba _ imisTvis, rom bavSvi mamis sruluflebiani memkvidre iyos, bavSvis mamoba, aucileblad, kanoniT dadgenili wesiT unda iyos aRiarebuli (ix. zemoT Tavi `Svilebis warmoSobis dadgena~). sxva SemTxvevaSi, bavSvi ver miiRebs mamis memkvidreobas.
Casaxuli memkvidris uflebebi

memkvidreobis ufleba aqvT ara mxolod mamkvidreblis sicocxleSi dabadebul bavSvebs, aramed maTac, romlebic Caisaxnen mamkvidreblis sicocxleSi da daibadnen misi gardacvalebis Semdeg. kanoniT, memkvidreobis dros Casaxuli memkvidre, SeiZleba iyos mxolod mamkvidreblis Svili, xolo anderZiT memkvidreobisas, _ nebismieri sxva piri. am SemTxvevaSi, erTaderTi aucilebeli moTxovnaa, rom Casaxuli memkvidre cocxali daibados mamkvidreblis gardacvalebis Semdeg. mkvdrad Sobili bavSvi ar SeiZens memkvidreobis uflebas. sayuradReboa, rom samkvidros gayofa dauSvebelia manam, sanam ar daibadeba Casaxuli memkvidre da ar gamoiyofa samkvidrodan misi kuTvnili wili. am procesSi, axalSobilis interesebis dasacavad, mowveulni unda iqnan misi warmomadgenlebi (mSoblebi an meurveebi).
mSvileblisa da naSvilebis memkvidreobis ufleba

rogorc Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb TavSi ganvixileT, Svilad ayvanis samarTlebrivi Sedegebi, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, Zalzed miaxloebulia Svilis dabadebis samarTlebriv SedegebTan. igivea memkvidreobiT samarTalSic. naSvilebsa da mSvileblebs, erTmaneTis mimarT, absoluturad 70
igive samemkvidreo uflebebi gaaCniaT, rac biologiur mSoblebsa da Svilebs. naSvilebi bavSvi iZens memkvidreobis uflebas ara mxolod Tavisi mSvileblebis, aramed maTi sxva naTesavebis qonebazec zustad igivenairad, rogorc namdvili Svili. amavdroulad, igi kargavs memkvidreobis uflebas Tavisi biologiuri mSoblebisa da sxva biologiuri naTesavebis qonebaze, iseve rogorc misi biologiuri naTesavebi veRar iqnebian bavSvis kanoniT memkvidreebi.
memkvidreobis uflebis CamorTmevis safuZvlebi da pirobebi

garkveul SemTxvevebSi, pirs SeiZleba CamoerTvas memkvidreobis miRebis ufleba. I. erT-erTi aseTi SemTxvevaa piris uRirs memkvidred cnoba. uRirs memkvidred ki SeiZleba cnobili iqnes is piri, romelic: a) ganzrax xels uSlida mamkvidrebels, misi ukanaskneli nebis ganxorcielebaSi da amiT xels uwyobda Tavisi an misi axlobeli pirebis mowvevas memkvidreebad an samkvidroSi maTi wilis gazrdas an; b) Caidina ganzrax danaSauli an sxva amoraluri saqcieli moanderZis mier anderZSi gamoTqmuli ukanaskneli neba-survilis sawinaaRmdegod. Tuki romelime am qmedebas aqvs adgili, maSin nebismier im pirs, romlisTvisac piris uRirs memkvidred cnoba garkveul qonebriv Sedegebs iwvevs (magaliTad, amis Sedegad xdeba mis mier memkvidreobis miReba an samkvidro wilis gazrda), ufleba aqvs mimarTos sasamarTlos da moiTxovos piris uRirs memkvidred cnoba. Tu sasamarTlo aRiarebs am pirs uRirs memkvidred, maSin is valdebuli xdeba, ukan daabrunos yvelaferi, rac miiRo memkvidreobiT, maT Soris, iqedan miRebuli Semosavalic. magaliTad, Tuki uRirsma memkvidrem memkvidreobiT miiRo bina, uRirs memkvidred cnobis SemTxvevaSi, is movale iqneba, daabrunos ara mxolod aRniSnuli bina, aramed is Semosavalic, romelic man, vTqvaT, binis gaqiravebiT miiRo. sayuradReboa, rom piris uRirs memkvidred cnobis moTxovna SeiZleba mxolod xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, am piris mier memkvidreobis miRebis dRi71
dan. magaliTad, Tu Tqvenma disSvilma miiRo Tqveni dis qoneba memkvidreobiT da am faqtidan 6 wlis gasvlis Semdeg gaigeT, rom Turme Tqvenma disSvilma ganzrax dawva Tqveni dis mier dawerili anderZi an Caidina sxva raime qmedeba, rac iwvevs uRirs memkvidred cnobas, samwuxarod, kanoni aRar gaZlevT uflebas, moiTxovoT misi uRirs memkvidred cnoba. am uflebis ganxorcieleba, samkvidros miRebidan, mxolod xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba. Tqven gaqvT ufleba, apatioT Tqvens memkvidres im qmedebis Cadena, romlisTvisac mas SeiZleba, memkvidreobis miRebis ufleba CamoerTvas da gamoxatoT es gadawyvetileba anderZSi. Sedegad, es piri, Cveulebriv miiRebs memkvidreobas. oRond gaxsodeT, rom patiebis ukan waReba aRar daiSveba. II. garda uRirsi memkvidreebisa, memkvidreobis uflebas kargaven aseve mSoblis uflebaCamorTmeuli pirebi (ix. zemoT Tavi `mSoblis ufleba-movaleobebis SezRudva~), anu mSoblebi veRar iqnebian im Svilebis memkvidreebi, romelTa mimarTac maT CamoerTvaT mSoblis ufleba. Tumca, SesaZlebelia, moxdes ise, rom mSobels mxolod erT-erTi Svilis mimarT CamoerTvas mSoblis ufleba, rac mas xels ar uSlis, iyos sxva Svilebis memkvidre. am mxriv, sayuradReboa is, rom mSoblis uflebis CamorTmevis SemTxvevaSi, Svils mainc rCeba memkvidreobis ufleba am mSoblis qonebaze. anu martivad rom vTqvaT, Tuki Tqvens mSobels Tqvens mimarT CamoerTva mSoblis ufleba, is veRar gaxdeba Tqveni memkvidre, magram Tqven Cveulebriv, SeZlebT misi qonebis memkvidreobiT miRebas. III. kanoniT memkvidreebi ver iqnebian verc is pirebi, romlebic borotad Tavs aridebdnen maTze dakisrebul movaleobas, _ erCinaT mamkvidrebeli, Tuki es garemoeba dadgindeba sasamarTlos mier! magaliTad, Tuki Tqveni mSobeli gardacvalebamde didxans avadmyofobda da bunebrivia, masze zrunvis movaleoba gekisrebodaT rogorc Tqven, aseve Tqvens da-Zmebs, magram romelime Tqveni dedmamiSvili borotad aridebda Tavs masze zrunvis movaleobas, maSin SesaZlebelia, mimarToT sasamarTlos da moiTxovoT, rom am ukanasknels CamoerTvas Tqveni mSoblis memkvidreobis miRebis ufleba. memkvidreobis uflebis CamorTmeva, xels ar uSlis pirs, iyos sxva mamkvidreblis memkvidre, anu Tuki Svils mxolod dedis mimarT CamoerTva memkvidreobis miRebis ufleba, maSin is Cveulebriv miiRebs mamis memkvidreobas. 72
am mxriv, sainteresoa isic, rom Tuki wina situacias aviRebT, anu Svils rom CamoerTva dedis memkvidreobis miRebis ufleba, am piris Svili mainc SeZlebs bebiis memkvidreobis miRebas, Tuki misi mSobeli manamde gardaicvala, sanam memkvidreobas miiRebda (ix. qveTavi `memkvidreoba warmomadgenlobiT, memkvidreobiTi transmisia~). IV. garda yvela zemoT CamoTvlili pirobisa, Tqven sruli ufleba gaqvT, anderZiT, nebismier pirs an pirebs CamoarTvaT memkvidreobis miRebis ufleba da valdebuli ar xarT, miuTiToT amis motivze. aseT SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnuli pirebi, saerTod veRar miiReben Tqvens qonebas memkvidreobiT. Tuki pirs zemoT CamoTvlili ama Tu im mizezis gamo CamoerTva memkvidreobis miRebis ufleba, maSin misi wili Tanabrad nawildeba sxva memkvidreebze.
memkvidreoba warmomadgenlobiT, memkvidreobiTi transmisia ras niSnavs memkvidreoba warmomadgenlobiT? warmomadgenlobiTi memkvidreoba aris iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac samkvidros gaxsnamde gardaicvleba memkvidre da mis kuTvnil wils iRebs am memkvidris memkvidre. kanoni aseT sam SemTxvevas icnobs: I. Tuki mamkvidreblis gardacvalebamde, gardaicvala mamkvidreblis Svili, maSin memkvidreobas warmomadgenlobiT iReben SviliSvilebi; II. Tuki mamkvidreblis gardacvalebamde, gardaicvalnen misi bebia-babua, maSin bebia-babuis wils miiReben maTi mSoblebi; III. Tuki mamkvidreblis gardacvalebamde, gardaicvala misi da an Zma, maSin maT magivrad, memkvidreobas miiReben diSvilebi an/da ZmiSvilebi. ras niSnavs memkvidreobiTi transmisia? memkvidreobiTi transmisia gulisxmobs iseT SemTxvevas, roca memkvidre marTalia, cocxali iyo mamkvidreblis gardacvalebis momentSi, magram gardaicvala samkvidros miRebamde. am dros, samkvidrodan misi wilis miRebis ufleba gadadis mis memkvidreebze. magaliTad, Tuki gardaicvala deda da misi memkvidreoba unda mieRo Svils, magram dedis gardacvalebidan 3 TveSi gardaicvala Svilic ise, rom ver miiRo memkvidreoba, maSin Svilis wils miiReben misi Svilebi, meuRle an misi sxva memkvidreebi. 73
warmomadgenlobiTi memkvidreoba da memkvidreobiTi transmisia, arsebiTad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan: pirvel rigSi, warmomadgenlobiTi memkvidreoba moqmedebs mxolod kanoniT memkvidreobisas da isic mxolod zemoTCamoTvlili konkretuli pirebis SemTxvevaSi. memkvidreobiTi transmisia ki, nebismieri memkvidris mimarT gamoiyeneba. garda amisa, principuli gansxvavebaa is, rom warmomadgenlobiTi memkvidreobis dros, memkvidre gardaicvleba mamkvidrebelze adre; memkvidreobiTi transmisiis dros ki, memkvidre mamkvidreblis gardacvalebis Semdeg gardaicvleba, oRond manam, sanam moaswrebs memkvidreobis miRebas
samkvidros gaxsna, samkvidros miReba, samkvidro mowmoba samkvidros gaxsnis dro: samkvidro ixsneba piris gardacvalebis dRes an piris gardacvlilad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis ZalaSi Sesvlis dRes. komlis saerTo qonebaze, samkvidro gaixsneba komlis bolo wevris gardacvalebis dRes. samkvidros gaxsnis adgili: samkvidros gaxsnis adgilad iTvleba mamkvidreblis sacxovrebeli adgili, xolo Tu es ukanaskneli cnobili ar aris, is adgili, sadac imyofeba samkvidro qoneba. Tu aRniSnuli qonebis sxvadasxva nawili sxvadasxva adgilasaa, maSin samkvidros gaxsnis adgilad CaiTvleba uZravi qonebis, an misi faseuli nawilis adgilsamyofeli, xolo Tu samkvidro qonebaSi ar Sedis uZravi qoneba, maSin _ moZravi nivTebis an misi ZiriTadi nawilis adgilsamyofeli. Tuki mamkvidrebeli gardacvalebamde droebiT cxovrobda sazRvargareT, maSin samkvidros gaxsnis adgilad is adgili CaiTvleba, sadac mamkvidrebeli Cveulebriv cxovrobda saqarTvelodan gamgzavrebamde. Tuki mamkvidrebeli mudmivad cxovrobda sazRvargareT, maSin samkvidros gaxsnis adgilia is qveyana, sadac is cxovrobda. am SemTxvevaSi, samkvidros miReba memkvidreebis mier xdeba im saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, sadac gardaicvala mamkvidrebeli.
samkvidros miReba
gavrcelebuli praqtikis Tanaxmad, xSirad, piris gardacvalebis Semdeg, memkvidreebi mSvidad ganagrZoben danatovari qonebis flobas da hgo74
niaT, rom memkvidreoba miiRes da amis oficialuri gaformeba saWiro ar aris. Tumca, mogvianebiT, xandaxan aTeulobiT wlis Semdegac ki, awydebian mTel rig problemebs uZravi qonebis gadaformebis, maT saxelze aRricxvis, samkvidros gayofisa da mTel rig sxva sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. imisTvis, rom Tavidan aiciloT msgavsi xasiaTis samarTlebrivi problemebi, gaxsovdeT: piris gardacvalebis momentidan, 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, unda SeitanoT gancxadeba notariusTan samkvidros miRebis Sesaxeb. marTalia, kanonmdebloba icnobs samkvidros miRebas faqtobrivi flobis gziTac (rodesac memkvidre Seudgeba samkvidro qonebis flobasa da sargeblobas, magaliTad daiwyebs an ganagrZobs mamkvidreblis mier danatovar saxlSi cxovrebas, kanonis Tanaxmad samkvidro miRebulad iTvleba), magram vinaidan faqtobrivi floba oficialurad ar fiqsirdeba, SeiZleba warmoiSvas mTeli rigi problemebi flobis faqtis dadasturebisas. SeiZleba, saWiro gaxdes sasamarTlosadmi mimarTva da a.S. amitom, arsebuli praqtikidan gamomdinare, umjobesia, Tuki memkvidreobis misaRebad, mamkvidreblis gardacvalebis Semdeg, pirdapir mimarTavT notariuss, 6 Tvis Semdeg aiRebT samkvidro mowmobas da ukve Tavisuflad gadaiformebT Tqvens saxelze mamkvidreblis danatovar uZrav Tu moZrav qonebas. (samkvidro mowmoba _ dokumenti, romlis Tanaxmadac, Tqven warmoadgenT gardacvlili piris memkvidres da iRebT im ufleba-movaleobebs, rasac gardacvlili flobda). samkvidro mowmobis gacema 6 Tvis gasvlamdec SeiZleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu notariuss moepoveba cnoba, rom mowmobis mTxovnel pirTa garda, sxva memkvidreebi ar arian. samkvidro mowmoba SeiZleba gaices rogorc mTel samkvidroze, aseve mis nawilze. mowmoba miecema yvela memkvidres erTad, an TiToeuls cal-calke, maTi survilisamebr. kanonmdeblobaSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, gancxadeba memkvidreobis miRebis Sesaxeb SeitanoT ara mxolod mamkvidreblis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, aramed saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebul nebismier sanotaro biuroSi. gancxadebis Setanisas, dagWirdebaT sxvadasxva sabuTi, kerZod, gardacvalebis mowmoba, anderZi an/da Tqveni da mamkvidreblis naTesavobis damadasturebeli dokumenti, amonaweri sajaro reestridan an sxva oficialuri sabuTi uZravi qonebis Sesaxeb, Tuki samkvidro qonebaSi Sedis uZravi qoneba da sxva. samkvidros miReba SeiZleba rogorc piradad, aseve warmomadgenlis 75
meSveobiT. Tuki memkvidre qmeduunaro an SezRudul qmedunariania, maSin igi memkvidreobas miiRebs misi kanonieri warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, samkvidro, piris gardacvalebidan, 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi unda iyos miRebuli. magram, Tuki vadis gadacileba moxda sapatio mizeziT, igi SeiZleba sasamarTlom aRadginos. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tu yvela memkvidre Tanaxmaa, vadis aRdgena sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis gareSec SeiZleba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki Tqven samkvidros gaxsnidan 6 Tvis gasvlamde SeudgebiT samkvidros flobas da marTvas, ufleba ar gaqvT, gankargoT samkvidro qoneba manam, sanam ar gava 6 Tve. Tumca, am wesidan gamonaklisia samkvidros qonebidan im xarjebis anazRaureba, romelic saWiro iyo mamkvidreblis movlis da mkurnalobisTvis, misi dakrZalvisTvis, mamkvidreblis rCenaze myofi pirebis SenaxvisaTvis, xelfasis gastumrebisTvis da samkvidros dacvisa da marTvisTvis. samkvidros miRebaze uari Tqven ufleba gaqvT, uari TqvaT samkvidros miRebaze rogorc piradad, ise warmomadgenlis meSveobiT. uaris TqmisTvis, kanonmdeblobiT dadgenilia samTviani vada, romelic aiTvleba im dRidan, roca Tqven SeityveT an unda SegetyoT, rom miwveuli xarT samkvidros misaRebad. sapatio mizezis SemTxvevaSi, es vada SeiZleba gagrZeldes, magram ara umetes ori Tvisa. Tumca, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu faqtobrivad SeudeqiT samkvidros flobas _ am dros, es vada Seadgens 6 Tves. samkvidros miRebaze uari unda gaformdes notariusTan. kanoniT akrZalulia samkvidros miRebaze uari nawilobriv, raime daTqmiT an vadiT. Tuki samkvidro qonebaSi Semavali Tundac erTi konkretuli nivTis miRebaze ambobT uars, an daTqvamT raime pirobas samkvidros miRebisTvis, iTvleba, rom Tqven uari TqviT samkvidroze. Tumca, am wesidan arsebobs ramdenime gamonaklisi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ar misdevT soflis meurneobas, SegiZliaT uari TqvaT sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis, mowyobilobis, Sromis iaraRebisa da pirutyvis miRebaze, rac ar CaiTvleba mTlianad samkvidros miRebaze uaris Tqmad. aseve im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sxvadasxva safuZvliT gergebaT ramdenime wili samkvidrodan _ magaliTad, anderZiT memkvidrec xarT da savaldebulo wilis miRebis uflebac gaqvT, SegiZliaT miiRoT erTi wili da uari TqvaT meoreze, an uari TqvaT yvelaze.
76
kanoni iZleva aseve imis saSualebas, rom samkvidros miRebaze uari TqvaT romelime sxva memkvidris an memkvidreebis sasargeblod. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tqveni kuTvnili wili ergeba swored im memkvidres, romlis sasargeblodac ganacxadeT uari samkvidros miRebaze. Tumca, Tqvens mier dasaxelebuli piri, aucileblad unda iyos kanoniT an anderZiT memkvidreTa ricxvidan da ar unda iyos uRirs memkvidred cnobili an anderZiT ar unda hqondeT memkvidreobis ufleba CamorTmeuli. Tu uars ramdenime memkvidris sasargeblod ityviT, maSin Tqvenve SegiZliaT gansazRvroT maTi wilebis odenoba Tqveni kuTvnili wilidan. Tu aseTi miTiTeba ar arsebobs, maSin wili maT Soris, Tanabrad ganawildeba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gsurT samkvidroze uari TqvaT SviliSvilis sasargeblod, gaiTvaliswineT: aseTi uari dasaSvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu samkvidros gaxsnis dRisaTvis, cocxali aRar aris misi mSobeli, romelic mamkvidreblis memkvidre unda yofiliyo, an Tu SviliSvili anderZiT memkvidrea. Tuki samkvidroze uars ityviT, magram ar daasaxelebT konkretul pirs, romlis sasargeblodac acxadebT uars, am SemTxvevaSi, Tqveni wili ganawildeba kanoniT memkvidreebs Soris, xolo Tu mTeli qoneba anderZiT iyo ganawilebuli, maSin _ anderZiT memkvidreebs Soris, maTi wilis proporciulad. samkvidroze uaris Tqma aRar daiSveba, Tuki ukve SeitaneT gancxadeba notariusTan samkvidros an samkvidro mowmobis miRebis Sesaxeb. samkvidros miRebaze uaris Tqma Seuqcevadia! anu Tuki uari ganacxadeT, Semdgom ki gadaifiqreT, ukve veRar SeZlebT samkvidros miRebas. samkvidros miReba an miRebaze uaris Tqma, SeiZleba sadavo gaxdes ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi im dRidan, roca dainteresebulma pirma Seityo Sedavebis safuZveli. upiratesi memkvidreobis ufleba marTalia, zogadad yvela memkvidres Tanabari uflebebi gaaCnia samkvidro qonebasTan dakavSirebiT, magram kanoni icnobs SemTxvevebs, roca konkretul memkvidres upiratesi ufleba aqvs, moiTxovos samkvidroSi Semavali ama Tu im qonebis memkvidreobiT miReba. aseTi SemTxvevaa, roca memkvidresa da mamkvidrebels raime qoneba hqondaT saerTo sakuTrebaSi. 77
magaliTad, mama da Svili flobdnen sawarmos TanasakuTrebis uflebiT. am dros, Svils aqvs sawarmos wilis miRebis upiratesi ufleba, rogorc TanamesakuTres. igive SemTxvevaa maSinac, roca erT-erTi memkvidre, mamkvidrebelTan erTad cxovrobda am ukanasknelis sacxovrebel saxlSi, aranakleb erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi samkvidros gaxsnamde. am drosac, aseT memkvidres aqvs upiratesi ufleba, moiTxovos misi wilis Sesabamisad, sacxovrebeli saxlis, binisa da sxva sadgomis, aseve saojaxo nivTebis gadacema. Tuki memkvidre gamoiyenebs Tavis upirates uflebas da miiRebs konkretul qonebas, ris gamoc Semcirdeba sxva memkvidreTa wili, maSin maT unda mieceT Sesabamisi fuladi an qonebrivi kompensacia. upiratesi uflebis mqone memkvidreebis moTxovniT, sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs, gadaavados kompensaciis gadaxda misi moculobis gaTvaliswinebiT, magram ara umetes aTi wlis vadiT.
samkvidro qoneba samkvidro qoneba Seicavs mamkvidreblis, rogorc qonebrivi uflebebis (aqtivi), ise movaleobebis (pasivi) erTobliobas, romelic mas hqonda sikvdilis momentisTvis. es gulisxmobs imas, rom memkvidreebze, romlebic miiReben samkvidro qonebas, gadadis ara mxolod qoneba da sxva materialuri sikeTe, aramed is qonebrivi xasiaTis valdebulebebic, rac mamkvidrebels sikvdilis momentisTvis hqonda _ magaliTad, mesame pirebisgan aRebuli valebi. aq sayuradReboa is, rom memkvidreebze gadadis mxolod iseTi uflebebi da valdebulebebi, romlebic ar atarebs pirad xasiaTs, anu romelic uSualod gardacvlili piris pirovnebas ar ukavSirdeba. pirad uflebad CaiTvleba, magaliTad, alimentis moTxovnis ufleba, vinaidan igi uSualod gardacvlilis naTesauri kavSiridan gamomdinareobs. meore mxriv, pirad valdebulebad CaiTvleba iseTi moqmedebis Sesruleba, romelic mxolod uSualod gardacvlils unda ganexorcielebina, magaliTad musikaluri an literaturuli nawarmoebis Seqmna. amisgan gansxvavebiT, bankidan aRebuli sesxis dafarva ar CaiTvleba pirad valdebulebad, radgan sesxi dakavSirebulia ara uSualod gardacvlilis pirovnebasTan, aramed mis qonebasTan. Sesabamisad, vis xelSic gadava qoneba, mas daekisreba sesxis dafarvis valdebuleba. zemoT moyvanili magaliTebis garda, SesaZloa, calkeul SemTxvevebSi, kanoni an mxareTa Soris dadebuli xelSekruleba iTvaliswinebdes iseT 78
uflebebsa da movaleobebs, romlebic moqmedebs mxolod mxareebs Soris da wydeba maTi gardacvalebiT. samkvidroSi ar Sedis da memkvidreTa Soris ar gaiyofa sagvareulo wignebi (an Canawerebi), ojaxuri matiane, sulis mosaxseniebeli da sxva sakulto sagnebi da saflavi. am sagnebis gadacema memkvidreTaTvis xdeba sazogadoebaSi an im konkretul wreSi, an ojaxSi damkvidrebuli Cveulebisda mixedviT, romelsac ekuTvnoda mamkvidrebeli. dokumentebi, romlebic exeba gardacvlilis pirovnebas, mis ojaxs an mTel samkvidros, rCeba memkvidreebis saerTo qonebad. Tuki memkvidre ramdenimea, maSin sanam moxdeba samkvidro qonebis maT Soris ganawileba, isini iTvlebian qonebis TanamesakuTreebad da erToblivad marTaven mas. am qonebidan, SeiZleba gadaxdili iqnes mamkvidreblis movlisa da misi ukanaskneli avadmyofobis, aseve dakrZalvis, samkvidros dacvisa da marTvis aucilebeli xarjebi.
samkvidros gayofa, gaTanabreba samkvidro qoneba, memkvidreebs Soris gaiyofa memkvidreebis SeTanxmebiT im wilebis mixedviT, rac maT ekuTvniT anderZis an kanonis Tanaxmad. TiToeul memkvidres, SeuZlia moiTxovos Tavisi wilis gamoyofa naturiT, rogorc moZravi ise uZravi qonebidan, Tu aseTi gamoyofa SesaZlebelia an akrZaluli ar aris kanoniT. aseve, memkvidreTa SeTanxmebiT, SesaZlebelia mTeli samkvidros gayidva da fulis ganawileba maTi wilis proporciulad. Tuki memkvidreebi SeTanxmdebian, SeiZleba mTeli samkvidro erT memkvidres darCes, romelic danarCenebs gadauxdis maTi wilis Sesabamis fulad kompensacias. iseTi qoneba, romlis gayofac gamoiwvevs misi sameurneo daniSnulebis moSlas an Sesustebas, gayofas ar eqvemdebareba da xdeba yvela memkvidris TanasakuTreba. sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa, romelzec saadgilmamulo meurneobaa mowyobili, SeiZleba gaiyos, Tuki amiT ar ganadgurdeba meurneoba. Tuki arcerTi memkvidre ar apirebs meurneobis gaZRolas, maSin maTi SeTanxmebiT, miwa da masze mowyobili meurneoba SeiZleba gaiyidos da miRebuli fuli ganawildes memkvidreebs Soris. xolo im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki miwis gayofa SeuZlebelia, maSin igi unda miekuTvnos im memkvidres, romelic iq cxovrobs da mamkvidrebelTan erTad eweoda meurneobas. aseTis ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, _ im memkvidres, romelsac aqvs survili da unari, 79
gauZRves meurneobas. sxva memkvidreebi miiReben maT wils sxva qonebidan, an Tu sxva qoneba sakmarisi ar iyo, _ Sesabamis fulad kompensacias. Tuki mamkvidrebels gardacvalebis Semdeg darCa valebi, maSin SesaZloa, memkviderTa SeTanxmebiT, valebis gastumreba erT-erT memkvidres daekisros, oRond misi wilis Sesabamisi gazrdiT. wilebis gayofisas, memkvidreebma erTmaneTis wilSi unda CaTvalon im qonebis Rirebuleba, romlebic maT saCuqris saxiT miiRes mamkvidreblisgan, samkvidros gaxsnamde xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. kanoniT aseve dadgenilia, rom Svilebs Soris samkvidros gayofisas, wilTa gaTanabrebisTvis, maT samkvidros unda miaTvalon yovelive is, rac miiRes mamkvidreblisgan mSoblebis qonebidan gamoyofis saxiT, Tu mamkvidrebels sxva ram ar daudgenia. magaliTad, SesaZloa, mSobelma Tavis sicocxleSive gamoyos Svilebis wili Tavisi qonebidan da erT-erT Svils aCuqos sacxovrebeli saxli. aseT SemTxvevaSi, samkvidros gayofis dros, wilTa gaTanabrebisTvis, naCuqari sacxovrebeli saxli CaiTvleba im Svilis wilSi, romelmac igi miiRo. garda amisa, STamomavals, romelmac saojaxo meurneobaSi gaweuli SromiT, mamkvidreblis profesiul da komerciul saqmianobaSi monawileobiT, mniSvnelovani xarjebis gaweviT an sxva saxiT, gansakuTrebuli wvlili Seitana mamkvidreblis qonebis SenarCunebasa da gazrdaSi, samkvidros gayofisas, ufleba aqvs moiTxovos gaTanabreba sxva kanoniT memkvidreebTan. gaTanabrebis moTxovna ar SeiZleba, Tuki aseTi momsaxurebisTvis naTesavi iRebda gasamrjelos an gasamrjelo winaswar SeTanxmebuli iyo. Tuki memkvidreebi ver SeTanxmdebian wilebis gayofaze, davas maT Soris gadawyvets sasamarTlo, erT-erTi an ramdenime memkvidris sarCelis safuZvelze. Tu memkvidreTa Soris arian iseTi pirebi, romelTa adgilsamyofelic ucnobia, danarCeni memkvidreebi movaleni arian, miiRon gonivruli zomebi maTi adgilsamyofelis dasadgenad da maT memkvidreebad mosawvevad. Tuki samkvidros misaRebad mowveuli memkvidre, romelic adgilze ar imyofeba, sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, uars ar ityvis samkvidroze, maSin danarCeni memkvidreebi valdebulni arian, Seatyobinon mas samkvidros gayofis Sesaxeb. Tu aseTi Setyobinebis miRebidan sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi, memkvidre ar acnobebs danarCen memkvidreebs gayofaSi monawileobis sur80
vilis Sesaxeb, maSin danarCen memkvidreebs ufleba aqvT, gayon samkvidro da Tavad gamoyon adgilze armyofi memkvidris wili. igive moxdeba im SemTxvevaSic, Tu samkvidros gaxsnidan eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, ver moxerxda adgilze armofi memkvidris adgilsamyofelis dadgena da arc raime cnobaa misgan samkvidros miRebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. samkvidro qonebaze moqmedi sagadasaxado reJimi mniSvnelovania icodeT, Tu ra saxis gadasaxadiT daibegrebiT da ra SemTxvevebSi, rodesac iRebT memkvidreobas. zogadi wesebis Tanaxmad, samkvidro qoneba warmoadgens Semosavals, xolo Semosavali saxelmwifos mier ibegreba saSemosavlo gadasaxadiT. Tqven mTlianad TavisufldebiT saSemosavlo gadasaxadis gadaxdisgan, Tuki memkvidreoba miiReT rogorc I an II rigis memkvidrem, anu rogorc gardacvlilis dedam, meuRlem, Svilma an dam. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki memkvidreoba miiReT rogorc gardacvlilis bebiam, deidam an mamidam (III da IV rigis memkvidre), maSin saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan TavisufldebiT, Tuki miRebuli qonebis Rirebuleba ar aRemateba 150 000 lars. Tuki qonebis Rirebulebam gadaaWarba aRniSnul Tanxas, maSin saSemosavlo gadasaxadiT, Cveulebriv daibegreba is odenoba, romliTac qonebis Rirebuleba aRemateba miTiTebul Tanxas, anu Tuki Tqvens mier miRebuli qonebis Rirebuleba Seadgens 200 000 lars _ Tqven mogiwevT mxolod 50 000 laris Sesabamisi gadasaxadis gadaxda. am gadasaxadis gadaxda unda moxdes qonebis miRebidan ori kalendaruli wlis ganmavlobaSi, ara ugvianes yoveli xuTi Tvis Semdgomi Tvis 15 ricxvisa, Tanabar nawilebad. ojaxis wevrisgan memkvidreobiT miRebuli qoneba, aseve ar CaiTvleba Semosavlad qonebis gadasaxadiT dabegvris dros. mamkvidreblis valebis gastumreba memkvidreTa mier rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, memkvidreebze gadadis mamkvidreblis valebi da isini valdebulni arian, Seatyobinon kreditorebs samkvidros gaxsnis Sesaxeb, Tuki maTTvis cnobili iyo valis arseboba da gaistumron es valebi, samkvidroSi maTi wilis proporciulad. anderZiT, mamkvidrebels SeuZlia daasaxelos konkretulad is memkvidreebi, romlebic pasuxismgebelni iqnebian valebis dafarvaze. 81
mamkvidreblis kreditorebma, TavianTi moTxovnebi unda warudginon samkvidros mimReb memkvidreebs, eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi im dRidan, roca maTTvis cnobili gaxda samkvidros gaxsnis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, maTi moTxovnis Sesrulebis _ anu valis dafarvis vada mosulia Tu ara. Tuki kreditorebma ar icodnen samkvidros gaxsnis Sesaxeb, maSin maT moTxovna unda warudginon memkvidreebs, moTxovnis vadis dadgomidan erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. am wesebis daucveloba gamoiwvevs moTxovnis uflebis dakargvas. Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi, gamonaklisia is moTxovnebi, rac dakavSirebulia mamkvidreblis ukanaskneli avadmyofobisas movlis, mkurnalobis, xelfasis gastumrebis, dakrZalvis, samkvidros dacvisa da marTvis xarjebTan. aseT moTxovnebze vrceldeba xandazmulobis saerTo vadebi. es wesi moqmedebs aseve im pirTa moTxovnebzec, romlebic iTxoven samkvidroSi Sesul qonebaze sakuTrebis cnobas da ukan dabrunebas. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki kreditorebi hyavs rogorc mamkvidrebels, ise memkvidres, moTxovnebis dakmayofilebisas, upiratesoba eniWeba mamkvidreblis kreditorebs.
umkvidro qoneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar arseboben arc kanoniT da arc anderZiT memkvidreebi, an arcerTma memkvidrem ar miiRo memkvidreoba, an yvela memkvidres CamoerTva memkvidreobis miRebis ufleba, maSin qoneba gadadis saxelmwifoze. am SemTxvevaSi, mamkvidreblis valebze, saxelmwifo agebs pasuxs kreditorebis winaSe samkvidro qonebis farglebSi. xolo, Tuki piri gardacvalebamde imyofeboda moxucTa, invalidTa, samkurnalo, aRmzrdelobiT da socialuri dacvis sxva dawesebulebaSi, _ maSin gardacvlili piris qoneba gadadis am dawesebulebis sakuTrebaSi. sainteresoa, ra xdeba maSin, Tuki mamkvidrebels gaaCnda wili ama Tu im samewarmeo organizaciaSi da mas ar darCa memkvidreebi? am dros, gardacvlili piris wili (aqciis, pais, an sxva saxiT), gadadis Tavad am samewarmeo organizaciis sakuTrebaSi _ Tuki kanoni sxva rames ar iTvaliswinebs.
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mamkvidreblis rCenaze myof pirTa uflebebi Tuki piris gardacvalebamde, mis rCenaze iyvnen araSromisunariani pirebi, romelTac damoukideblad Tavis Senaxva ar SeuZliaT, maSin aseT pirebs SeuZliaT, moiTxovon sarCo (alimenti) samkvidro qonebidan. moTxovnili Tanxa, gonivrul TanafardobaSi unda iyos qonebis moculobasTan.
saanderZo danakisri (legati) samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebulia imis SesaZlebloba, rom mamkvidrebelma anderZiT gansazRvros ara mxolod is, Tu vis darCeba misi qoneba, aramed garkveuli valdebulebebic daakisros erT an ramdenime memkvidres samkvidro qonebis xarjze (saanderZo danakisri, legati). magaliTad, rogor unda moiqceT, Tuki gsurT, rom Tqveni gardacvalebis Semdeg, Tqveni Soreuli naTesavi an axlo megobari, romelic TqvenTan erTad cxovrobs Tqvens saxlSi, ar darCes ubinaod maSin, roca saxli memkvidreobiT Tqvens Svils gadaecema? an Tuki gsurT, rom Tqveni mama-papiseuli miwis nakveTi ar iyos mouvleli da moxdes masze arsebuli Zvirfasi nargavebis SenarCuneba? aseT SemTxvevebSi, Tqven SegiZliaT, anderZiT erT an ramdenime memkvidres daavaloT, pirvel SemTxvevaSi: acxovros Tqvens saxlSi is piri, romelsac Tqven daasaxelebT da romelic TqvenTan erTad cxovrobda aranakleb erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi samkvidros gaxsnamde _ am piris sicocxlis bolomde; xolo meore SemTxvevaSi: mouaros miwis nakveTs da ar gaanadguros masze arsebuli nargavebi imdeni xani, ramdensac anderZSi miuTiTebT. saanderZo danakisri SeiZleba iyos rogorc zemoTxsenebuli valdebulebebi, aseve sxva mravalgvari xasiaTis moqmedebis ganxorcieleba. magaliTad, samkvidro qonebaSi Semavali qonebidan, garkveuli nivTis sxvisTvis gadacema sakuTrebaSi, sargeblobaSi an sxva sanivTo uflebiT, gansazRvruli samuSaos Sesruleba, momsaxurebis gaweva da a.S. garda amisa, saanderZo danakisrs SeiZleba hqondes aseve saerTo sasargeblo mizani: saqvelmoqmedo, religiuri da a.S da atarebdes rogorc qonebriv, ise araqonebriv xasiaTs.
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Tumca, gasaTvaliswinebelia is, rom saanderZo danakisris Sesruleba unda moxdes samkvidro qonebis Rirebulebis farglebSi, anu samkvidro qoneba materialurad unda iZleodes imis saSualebas, rom Tqvenma memkvidrem SeZlos danakisris Sesruleba swored am qonebis da ara Tavisi qonebis xarjze. rogorc zemoTaRweril pirvel SemTxvevaSi ganvixileT, SesaZlebelia mamkvidrebelma im memkvidres, romelsac memkvidreobiT rCeba bina an sxva sacxovrebeli sadgomi, daakisros valdebuleba, am saxliT samisdRemSio sargeblobis ufleba (samisdRemSio sargeblobis ufleba _ sargeblobis ufleba mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi) misces mamkvidreblis mier dasaxelebul pirs. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tundac bina sxvaze gaiyidos, sargeblobis ufleba Zalas inarCunebs da anderZSi dasaxelebul pirs rCeba ufleba, misi sicocxlis bolomde icxovros binaSi. Tumca, es ufleba ar gadava mis memkvidreebze da arc misi ojaxis wevrebze gavrceldeba, Tuki es pirdapir ar aris aRniSnuli anderZSi. Tu saanderZo danakisris Sesruleba ramdenime memkvidres aqvs davalebuli, TiToeuli asrulebs mas samkvidroSi misi wilis proporciulad, Tu anderZiT sxva ram ar aris dadgenili. Tuki is memkvidre, romelsac danakisris Sesruleba daevala, samkvidros gaxsnamde gardaicvala, an memkvidreobaze uari ganacxada, maSin danakisris Sesrulebis valdebuleba gadadis sxva memkvidreebze, romlebmac misi wili miiRes. kanoniT dadgenilia saanderZo danakisris Sesrulebis samwliani vada samkvidros gaxsnis dRidan. es gulisxmobs imas, rom pirs, romlis sasargeblodac aqvs memkvidres raime valdebuleba dakisrebuli (aseT pirs saanderZo danakisris mimRebi ewodeba), samkvidros gaxsnidan 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi, SeuZlia memkvidres mosTxovos valdebulebis Sesruleba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki saanderZo danakisrs saerTo sasargeblo mizani aqvs, maSin misi Sesrulebis moTxovnis ufleba aqvs aseve dainteresebul sazogadoebriv da religiur organizaciebs, fondebs, saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs.
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anderZis aRsruleba
vin aRasrulebs anderZs? anderZis aRsrulebis movaleoba, Cveulebriv, anderZiT memkvidreebs ekisrebaT, romlebsac SeuZliaT anderZi an erTad aRasrulon, an misi aRsruleba erT an ramdenime memkvidres miandon. Tumca, SesaZloa, anderZSi miTiTebuli iyos sxva piric (an pirebi) anderZis aRmsruleblad. aseT SemTxvevaSi, aucilebelia am pirma, anderZze an masze darTul gancxadebaSi, werilobiT gamoxatos Tanxmoba. garda amisa, anderZis aRmsrulebels, SeuZlia nebismier dros, uari Tqvas Tavisi movaleobis Sesrulebaze, ris Sesaxebac winaswar unda gaafrTxilos memkvidreebi. SesaZloa aseve, anderZiT ganisazRvros calke mesame piri, romelsac daevaleba anderZis aRmsruleblis daniSvna da memkvidreTaTvis aRniSnulis Setyobineba. anderZis aRmsrulebeli movalea, samkvidros gaxsnis momentidanve Seudges samkvidros dacvasa da marTvas. is uflebamosilia, Seasrulos yvela moqmedeba, rac aucilebelia anderZis aRsrulebisTvis. Tu anderZis aRmsruleblad ramdenime piria daniSnuli, maT urTierTSeTanxmebiT unda imoqmedon, garda im moqmedebis Sesrulebisas, romelic aucilebelia samkvidros dacvis mizniT. anderZis aRmsrulebels SeiZleba daevalos anderZis rogorc mTlianad, ise misi calkeuli gankargulebis aRsruleba. igi Tavis movaleobebs usasyidlod asrulebs, Tumca SeiZleba gasamrjeloc miiRos, Tu es anderZiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. aseve, mas ufleba aqvs, moiTxovos samkvidrodan im aucilebeli xarjebis anazRaureba, rac man gaswia samkvidros marTvisas. anderZis aRsrulebis Semdeg, aRmsrulebeli movalea, memkvidreebis moTxovniT, warudginos maT angariSi gaweuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi ar asrulebs Tavis movaleobebs, dainteresebul pirebs, sasamarTlos meSveobiT SeuZliaT moiTxovon misi gadayeneba. Tu aRmsrulebeli ganzrax an uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT gadauxvevs anderZiT masze dakisrebul movaleobebs da amiT zians miayenebs memkvidreebs, maSin man pasuxi unda agos am zianisTvis.
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qalis SromiTi uflebebi
didi xania warsuls Cabarda is dro, roca qalis Sroma mxolod ojaxsa da Sida meurneobas xmardeboda an mxolod garkveuli, e.w. àramamakacuri~ profesiebis viwro sferoSi moiazreboda. dResdReobiT, rogorc saerTaSoriso, ise erovnul Sromis bazarze, qalebi Tavisi ganaTlebiT, profesiuli kvalifikaciiTa da gamocdilebiT, tols ar udeben mamakacebs praqtikulad yvela profesiasa da saqmianobaSi. raRa Tqma unda, sargebloben absoluturad Tanabari ufleba-movaleobebiT. samwuxarod, Zalian didxans egona ara marto qarTul, aramed msoflio sazogadoebas, rom qals ar SeeZlo an saTanadod ar SeeZlo sxvadasxva fizikuri Tu inteleqtualuri samuSaos Sesruleba. miuxedavad imisa, rom ukve saukuneebia, mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenlebma daamtkices am mosazrebis mcdaroba, sazogadoebis garkveul nawils, mainc SemorCa igi cnobierebaSi, rac xSirad SromiT urTierTobebSi, qalTa mimarT diskriminaciul mopyrobaSi vlindeba. qalTa diskriminacia, SromiT urTierTobebSi, ZiriTadad SeimCneva dasaqmebis diskriminaciul politikaSi: roca damsaqmebeli Tavs ikavebs qalis samsaxurSi ayvanisgan da xSirad mamakacs aniWebs upiratesobas, Tundac am ukanasknels naklebi kvalifikacia hqondes; qalis Sromis dabal anazRaurebaSi _ roca damsaqmebeli qals ufro dabal xelfass uxdis, vidre imave poziciaze dasaqmebul mamakacs; da samsaxurSi qalTa mimarT damamcirebeli an Zaladobrivi qmedebebis ganxorcielebaSi _ roca damsaqmebeli an nebismieri sxva piri, samsaxurSi qalis mimarT axorcielebs fizikur Zaladobas an fsiqikur zewolas sxvadasxva meTodiTa da formiT. Tumca, ra Tqma unda, aq CamoTvlilis garda, diskriminacia SeiZleba sxva mravali saxiTac gamovlindes.
imisTvis, rom Tavi daicvaT diskriminaciis nebismieri formisgan, saWiroa icodeT, ra uflebebi gagaCniaT da rogor gicavT kanoni.
meoce saukunis dasawyisidan moyolebuli da ufro meoce saukunis meore naxevarSi, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebam aRiara, rom dauSvebeli iyo
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qalTa SromiTi diskriminacia da aseTi diskriminaciis aRmosafxvrelad, daiwyo sxvadasxva politikuri da samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis SemuSaveba. miRebuli iqna ramdenime saerTaSoriso konvencia, romelic uzrunvelyofda qalTa SromiT uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs da krZalavda diskriminaciis nebismier formas. aseTi iyo 1951 wlis konvencia `mamakacTa da qalTa Tanabari Rirebulebis Sromis Tanabari anazRaurebis Sesaxeb~, 1953 wlis konvencia `qalTa politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb~, 1979 wlis konvencia `qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb~ da mravali sxva. Semdgom, am konvenciaTa debulebebi aisaxa maTi xelmomweri qveynebis, maT Soris saqarTvelos erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi. saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsi adgens: `SromiT urTierTobaSi akrZalulia nebismieri saxis diskriminacia rasis, kanis feris, enis, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebis, erovnebis, warmoSobis, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis, asakis, sqesis, seqsualuri orientaciis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis, religiuri an raime gaerTianebisadmi kuTvnilebis, ojaxuri mdgomareobis, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebis gamo~. diskriminaciad CaiTvleba _ piris pirdapir an arapirdapir Seviwroveba, romelic miznad isaxavs an iwvevs misTvis damaSinebeli, mtruli, damamcirebeli, Rirsebis Semlaxveli an Seuracxmyofeli garemos Seqmnas, anda pirisTvis iseTi pirobebis Seqmnas, romlebic pirdapir an arapirdapir auaresebs mis mdgomareobas analogiur pirobebSi myof sxva pirTan SedarebiT. Tumca, aqve gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom diskriminaciad ar CaiTvleba pirTa gansxvavebis aucilebloba, romelic gamomdinareobs samuSaos arsidan, specifikidan an misi Sesrulebis pirobebidan, emsaxureba kanonieri miznis miRwevas da aris misi miRwevis Tanazomieri da aucilebeli saSualeba. aq igulisxmeba, rom Tuki dasaqmebis msurvel an ukve dasaqmebul pirebs Soris damsaqmebelma romelime erTs mianiWa upiratesoba imis gamo, rom samuSaos xasiaTidan gamomdinare, swored es piri Seasrulebs mas ukeTesad, _ misi fizikuri an gonebrivi monacemebis, gamocdilebis, codnis, kvalifikaciis an sxva niSnis gamo, es ra Tqma unda, danarCenTa diskriminaciad ar miiCneva.
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SromiTi urTierTobis warmoSoba

SromiTi urTierToba warmoiSoba orive mxaris _ damsaqmeblisa da dasaqmebulis Tanasworuflebianobis safuZvelze, maTi Tavisufali nebis gamovlenis Sedegad miRweuli SeTanxmebiT.
gaxsovdeT! aravis aqvs ufleba, iZulebiT CagabaT raime samuSaoSi! SromiTi urTierTobis dawyebac da misi gagrZelebac, mxolod da mxolod Tqvens Tavisufal nebas unda efuZnebodes.
kanoniT dadgenilia Sromis dawyebis minimaluri asaki _ 16 weli. Tumca, 16 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovans, SeuZlia muSaobis dawyeba misi mSoblis an sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis TanxmobiT, Tu es zians ar ayenebs mis zneobriv, fizikur da gonebriv ganviTarebas da ar zRudavs misi ganaTlebis miRebis uflebas da SesaZleblobas. 14 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovnis muSaoba daiSveba mxolod sportul, xelovnebasTan dakavSirebul da kulturis sferoSi, aseve sareklamo samuSaos Sesasruleblad. rac Seexeba sajaro samsaxurs, aq ufro maRali asakobrivi zRvaria dadgenili. saxelmwifo moxeled SeiZleba mxolod 21 wlis asaks miRweuli piri dainiSnos, xolo adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis moxeled _ 18 wlis asakis piri.
akrZalulia! 1. arasrulwlovanTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis dadeba saTamaSo biznesTan, Ramis gasarTob dawesebulebebTan, erotikuli da pornografiuli produqciis, farmacevtuli da toqsikuri nivTierebebis damzadebasTan, gadazidvasTan da realizaciasTan dakavSirebuli samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad; 2. arasrulwlovanTan, aseve orsul an meZuZur qalTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis dadeba mZime, mavne da saSiSpirobebiani samuSaoebis Sesasruleblad.
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informaciis miRebis ufleba SromiTi urTierTobis dawyebamde, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, miiRoT sruli informacia Sesasrulebeli samuSaos, Sromis pirobebis, anazRaurebis, Tqveni uflebebisa da sxva garemoebebis Sesaxeb. Tavis mxriv, damsaqmebelsac aqvs ufleba, moipovos Tqvens Sesaxeb informacia, oRond ara nebismieri informacia, aramed mxolod iseTi, rac SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes Tqvens mier samuSaos Sesrulebas da amisaTvis saWiro moTxovnebs. dauSvebelia damsaqmeblis mier iseTi kiTxvebis dasma, rac ukavSirdeba Tqvens politikur Sexedulebebs, seqsualur orientacias, religiur mrwamss, eTnikur kuTvnilebasa da sxva iseT sakiTxebs, rac kavSirSi araa Tqvens samsaxurTan. damsaqmebels ufleba aqvs, Seamowmos Tqvens mier wardgenili informaciis siswore, magram mas ufleba ara aqvs, Tqveni Tanxmobis gareSe, sxva pirs miawodos Tqvens Sesaxeb miRebuli informacia. Tqven ufleba gaqvT, ukan gamoiTxovoT damsaqmeblisTvis miwodebuli dokumentebi (CV, diplomi da a.S.), Tuki TqvenTan ar daido SromiTi xelSekruleba.
SromiTi xelSekruleba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, SromiTi xelSekruleba SeiZleba daidos rogor werilobiT, ise zepirad gansazRvruli an ganusazRvreli vadiT.
gaiTvaliswineT! umjobesia, gaaformoT werilobiTi xelSekruleba, vinaidan zepiri xelSekrulebis dadebis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven faqtobrivad gerTmevaT saSualeba, amtkicoT Tu ra pirobebze SeuTanxmdiT damsaqmebels, mis mier aseTi pirobebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi.
sasurvelia, SromiTi xelSekrulebis dadebamde, yovelTvis gaesaubroT iurists da gaacnoT mas xelSekrulebis pirobebi. Semdeg, Tu saWiro iqneba, misi konsultaciis Sesabamisad, damsaqmebels garkveuli pirobebis Secvla mosTxovoT imisTvis, rom xelSekrulebiT ara mxolod misi, aramed Tqveni uflebebic saTanadod iyos daculi. werilobiTi xelSekruleba TqvenTvis gasageb enaze unda iyos Sedgenili, SesaZlebelia misi ramdenime enaze Sedgenac. Tu xelSekruleba ramde90
nime enazea dadebuli, masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, Tu romel enaze dadebul xelSekrulebas eniWeba upiratesoba, sxvadasxva enaze Sesrulebul teqstebs Soris gansxvavebis SemTxvevaSi. xelSekrulebas uTanabrdeba aseve piris gancxadeba da mis safuZvelze damsaqmeblis mier gacemuli dokumenti, magaliTad brZaneba, romliTac dasturdeba, rom piri miRebulia samuSaoze. SromiT xelSekrulebaSi SeiZleba Caiweros, rom mis nawils, warmoadgens Sromis Sinaganawesi1. aseT SemTxvevaSi, xelSekrulebis dadebamde, aucileblad unda gaecnoT mas. Tqveni moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, damsaqmebeli valdebulia, gasces cnoba dasaqmebis Sesaxeb, romelic unda Seicavdes monacemebs Sesrulebuli samuSaos, Sromis anazRaurebisa da SromiTi xelSekrulebis xangrZlivobis Taobaze. rogorc wesi, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, SeTavsebiT imuSaoT ramdenime samuSaoze, Tuki es xels ar SeuSlis Tqveni movaleobebis Sesrulebas. Tumca, sajaro samsaxurSi dadgenilia mTeli rigi SezRudvebi. saxelmwifo mosamsaxures ufleba ara aqvs, ekavos sxva Tanamdeboba an SeTavsebiT asrulebdes sxva anazRaurebad samuSaos sxva saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis dawesebulebaSi, aseve sajaro moxeles ara aqvs ufleba, eweodes samewarmeo saqmianobas.
gamosacdeli vada imisTvis, rom dadgindes kandidatis Sesabamisoba samuSaosTan, damsaqmebels SeuZlia dados masTan SromiTi xelSekruleba gamosacdeli vadiT _ ara umetes 6 Tvisa. aseTi xelSekruleba, mxolod werilobiT SeiZleba daidos. sxva SemTxvevaSi, igi Cveulebriv SromiT xelSekrulebad CaiTvleba. gamosacdeli vadiT dadebuli xelSekruleba, SeiZleba nebismier dros moiSalos an piriqiT, kandidatTan SeiZleba SromiTi xelSekruleba daidos gamosacdeli vadis gasvlamdec. gamosacdeli vada CaiTvleba Sromis staJSi.
1 Sromis Sinaganawesi _ werilobiTi dokumenti, romliTac ganisazRvreba samuSao kviris xangrZlivoba, yoveldRiuri samuSaos dawyebisa da damTavrebis dro, cvlaSi muSaobisas - cvlis xangrZlivoba, dasvenebis dro, Sromis anazRaurebis gacemis dro da adgili, anazRaurebadi Svebulebis xangrZlivoba da micemis wesi, Sromis pirobebis dacvis wesebi, waxalisebisa da pasuxismgeblobis saxe da gamoyenebis wesi, gancxadebis/ saCivris ganxilvis wesi da sxva.
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samuSao pirobebi
gaxsovdeT! Tqven ufleba gaqvT, moiTxovoT Sromis usafrTxo pirobebi da im SemTxvevaSi, Tu muSaobT mZime, mavne an saSiSpirobebian samuSaoze, Sesabamisi dacvis saSualebebiTa da aRWurvilobiT uzrunvelyofa imisTvis, rom safrTxe ar Seeqmnas Tqvens sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas.
damsaqmebeli valdebulia, SeinarCunos Sromis is pirobebi, rogorzec Tavidanve SegiTanxmdaT. Sromis pirobebis Secvla SesaZlebelia mxolod mxareTa SeTanxmebiT. Tumca, Sromis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, SesaZlebelia damsaqmebelma Secvalos Sromis esa Tu is piroba, rac araarsebiT cvlilebad CaiTvleba, aseTia: a) samuSaos Sesrulebis adgilis Secvla, Tu sacxovrebeli adgilidan axal samuSao adgilamde misvla da ukan dabruneba, sazogadod xelmisawvdomi satransporto saSualebebiT, moiTxovs dReSi ara umetes 3 saaTs da ar iwvevs did xarjebs; b) samuSaos dawyebis an damTavrebis drois cvlileba ara umetes 90 wuTiT; g) sxva iseTi araarsebiTi cvlileba, romelic ganpirobebulia kanonmdeblobis SecvliT da SeuZlebels xdis xelSekrulebis zust Sesrulebas winandeli pirobebiT. Tumca, Tuki romelime zemoaRniSnuli garemoeba erTdroulad Seicvala _ es ukve Sromis pirobebis arsebiT Secvlad CaiTvleba da saamisod aucilebeli iqneba mxareTa SeTanxmeba. dasaqmebulTan SeTanxmeba araa aucilebeli dasaqmebulis mivlinebaSi gagzavnisas, samuSaos interesebidan gamomdinare, Tuki mivlinebis periodi, weliwadSi, 45 kalendarul dRes ar aRemateba. ufro meti vadiT mivlinebisas, dasaqmebulis Tanxmoba aucilebelia. orive SemTxvevaSi, damsaqmebeli valdebulia, srulad aanazRauros mivlinebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi. sajaro moxeles ufleba aqvs, garkveul SemTxvevebSi, moiTxovos samsaxurebrivi pirobebis droebiT Semsubuqeba an droebiT gadayvana misi jan92
mrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesabamis Tanamdebobaze imave dawesebulebaSi, Tuki dakavebul Tanamdebobaze samsaxuris gagrZelebam, SeiZleba ziani miayenos mis janmrTelobas an Tu fexmZimobis periodSi, ver asrulebs samsaxurebriv ufleba-movaleobebs. garda amisa, sajaro moxele SeiZleba, droebiT, saerTod gaTavisufldes dakisrebuli ufleba-movaleobebis Sesrulebisgan, Tuki misi sxvagan gadayvana da pirobebis Semsubuqeba SeuZlebelia, oRond gaTavisuflebis vada ar unda aRematebodes 3 Tves.
samuSao dro da dasvenebis dro samuSao drois xangrZlivoba, rogorc wesi, SromiTi xelSekrulebiT ganisazRvreba. Tu ase ar aris, kanoni adgens, rom samuSao drois xangrZlivoba, kviris ganmavlobaSi, ar unda aRematebodes 41 saaTs. samuSao droSi ar iTvleba Sesvenebisa da dasvenebis dro. samuSao dReebs an cvlebs Soris dasvenebis xangrZlivoba, ar unda iyos 12 saaTze naklebi. Tuki cvlaSi muSaobT, Tqveni muSaobis grafiki da erTi cvlidan meoreSi gadasvla, cvlianobis ganrigiT ganisazRvreba, romelsac damsaqmebeli amtkicebs. Tuki raime cvlileba moxda ganrigSi, es aranakleb 10 dRiT adre unda gecnoboT, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca es SeuZlebelia ukiduresi sawarmoo aucileblobis gamo. rogorc wesi, Tqven valdebuli xarT, imuSaoT mxolod xelSekrulebiT da SinaganawesiT gansazRvruli drois ganmavlobaSi. muSaoba drois im monakveTSi, romlis xangrZlivoba aRemateba SromiTi xelSekrulebiT gansazRvrul, an kanoniT dadgenil 41 saaTs, _ iTvleba zeganakveTur samuSaod, romlis Sesrulebis valdebulebac ar gekisrebaT, garda ori SemTxvevisa: a) stiqiuri ubedurebis Tavidan asacileblad an/da misi Sedegebis likvidaciisTvis, ra drosac damsaqmebeli valdebuli ar aris, zeganakveTuri samuSaosTvis anazRaureba mogceT; b) sawarmoo avariis Tavidan asacileblad an/da misi Sedegebis likvidaciisTis, ra drosac Tqveni muSaoba aucileblad saTanadod unda anazRaurdes. orsuli an axalnamSobiarebi qalis, iseve rogorc SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone piris zeganakveTur samuSaoze dasaqmeba, dauSvebelia misi Tanxmobis gareSe. 93
akrZalulia! Ramis samuSaoze (Ramis samuSao _ muSaoba 22 saaTidan 6 saaTamde) arasrulwlovnis, orsuli, axalnamSobiarebi an meZuZuri qalis dasaqmeba; Ramis samuSaoze 3 wlamde asakis bavSvis dedis an SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone piris dasaqmeba misi Tanxmobis gareSe.
samuSao drois ganmavlobaSi, Tqven unda mogeceT Sesvenebis dro. meZuZur dedas, romelic kvebavs erT wlamde asakis bavSvs, misi moTxovnis safuZvelze, aseve unda mieces damatebiTi Sesveneba dReSi aranakleb 1 saaTiT. bavSvis kvebisTvis Sesveneba samuSao droSi iTvleba da anazRaurdeba. kanoniT dadgenilia wlis ganmavlobaSi 17 uqme dRe, didi saeklesio da saero dResaswaulebis dros. uqme dReebSi muSaoba, zeganakveTur samuSaod CaiTvleba da misi pirobebi unda ganisazRvros mxareTa SeTanxmebiT.
anazRaurebis miRebis ufleba
gaxsovdeT! Tqven ufleba gaqvT, miiRoT anazRaureba gaweuli samuSaosTvis da ufro metic, anazRaureba unda iyos imave odenobis, ra odenobiTac xdeba igive kvalifikaciis mqone mamakacis Sromis anazRaureba imave poziciaze. aravis aqvs ufleba, gaiZuloT muSaoba anazRaurebis gareSe an diskriminaciuli anazRaurebiT.
anazRaurebis forma da odenoba ganisazRvreba xelSekrulebiT. Tuki xelSekrulebiT sxva ram ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli, Sromis anazRaureba unda gaices TveSi erTxel samuSao adgilas. Tu damsaqmebeli daagvianebs xelfasis an sxva anazRaurebis gacemas, igi valdebulia, dasaqmebuls gadauxados dagvianebuli Tanxis 0,07 procenti yovel vadagadacilebul dReze.
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Svebuleba
gamoirCeva Svebulebis ramdenime saxe, misi daniSnulebisa da miznidan gamomdinare. Svebulebis saxeobasTan dakavSirebulia Svebulebis xangrZlivobac. nebismier dasaqmebuls, ufleba aqvs, isargeblos yovelwliuri anazRaurebadi SvebulebiT, _ weliwadSi aranakleb 24 samuSao dRiT, sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebis SemTxvevaSi _ 30 dRiT. SromiTi xelSekrulebiT, SeiZleba ganisazRvros gansxvavebuli vadebi da pirobebi. magram, arc erTi SeTanxmebiT, ar unda gauaresdes Tqveni mdgomareoba. aseve, SeiZleba dadgindes, wlis ganmavlobaSi anazRaurebad SvebulebaTa micemis rigiToba. sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebis SemTxvevaSi, muSaobis yvela pirobas, maT Soris Svebulebis micemis wessa da pirobebs, aregulirebs saqarTvelos kanoni sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb, xolo danarCen dawesebulebebze, saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsi vrceldeba.
Svebulebis micemis wesi. rodis warmoiSoba aRniSnuli ufleba? _ Svebulebis moTxovnis ufleba warmoiSoba muSaobis TerTmeti Tvis Semdeg. SeTanxmebiT, Svebuleba SeiZleba mieces aRniSnuli vadis gasvlamdec, xolo muSaobis meore wlidan, mxareTa SeTanxmebiT, Svebuleba SeiZleba mieces samuSao wlis nebismier dros. aseve, SeiZleba Svebulebis nawil-nawil gamoyeneba, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi.
Svebulebis survilis SemTxvevaSi, mimarTvis wesi Sesabamisi Svebulebis misaRebad, Tqven unda mimarToT gancxadebiT ufrosis saxelze (ixileT gancxadebis nimuSi TandarTul diskze). Tuki Tqven muSaobT sajaro samsaxurSi da gaqvT aranakleb 3 wliani staJi, mesame da yovel Semdgom welze, ufleba gaqvT, gamoiyenoT TiTodRiani, 95
damatebiTi Svebuleba, magram ara umetes 10 dRisa. gaiTvaliswineT, rom disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis moqmedebis periodSi, (anu, magaliTad, Tuki Tqven SeniSvna an gafrTxileba miiReT, an xelfasi dagikaves Secdomis daSvebis gamo), am zomis gasvlamde, damatebiTi Svebuleba SeiZleba SegimcirdeT an saerTod aRar mogeceT. Tuki Tqven gaqvT sajaro samsaxurSi muSaobis 10 welze meti staJi, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, gamoiyenoT damatebiTi anazRaurebadi Svebuleba 15 kalendaruli dRis odenobiT. anazRaurebis gamoangariSebis wesi rogorc sajaro samsaxurSi, aseve sxva dawesebulebebSi, dasaqmebulis saSvebulebo anazRaureba, ganisazRvreba Svebulebis wina 3 Tvis saSualo anazRaurebidan. Tu muSaobis dawyebidan namuSevari dro am droze naklebia, _ maSin namuSevari Tveebis saSualo anazRaurebidan. Tuki Tqven iRebT fiqsirebul anazRaurebas, maSin saSvebulebo anazRaureba gamoiangariSeba bolo Tvis anazRaurebis mixedviT. saSvebulebo daxmareba sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuls, ZiriTad SvebulebasTan dakavSirebiT, eZleva saSvebulebo daxmareba, erTi Tvis Tanamdebobrivi sargos odenobiT. Tuki Tqven, Svebulebis momdevno samuSao wels gadatanas (ixileT Semdgomi qveTavebi) apirebT, am SemTxvevaSi, saSvebulebo daxmareba mogecemaT agreTve wina wlis muSaobisTvis. Svebuleba anazRaurebis gareSe dasaqmebuls ufleba aqvs, isargeblos anazRaurebis gareSe SvebulebiT _ weliwadSi, 15 kalendarul dRemde. sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuls, SeiZleba mieces Svebuleba anazRaurebis gareSe, ara umetes 1 wlisa. anazRaurebis gareSe Svebulebis aRebisas, damsaqmeblis winaswar gafrTxilebis valdebuleba anazRaurebis gareSe Svebulebis aRebisas, Tqven gakisriaT valdebuleba, 2 kviriT adre gaafrTxiloT damsaqmebeli Svebulebis aRebis Sesaxeb, garda im SemTxvevisa, rodesac gafrTxileba SeuZlebelia gadaudebeli samedicino an ojaxuri pirobebis gamo.
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anazRaurebadi Svebulebis gadatanis gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi Tu mimdinare wels, anazRaurebadi Svebulebis micemam, SeiZleba uaryofiTad imoqmedos samuSaos normalur mimdinareobaze, anazRaurebadi Svebulebis gadatana momaval wlisTvis SeiZleba.
gaxsovdeT! 1. aRniSnuli, dasaSvebia mxolod Tqveni TanxmobiT. 2. akrZalulia arasrulwlovnis anazRaurebadi Svebulebis gadatana momdevno wlisTvis. 3. akrZalulia anazRaurebadi Svebulebis gadatana zedized, 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
saswavlo Svebuleba kvalifikaciis asamaRleblad Tuki Tqven muSaobT sajaro samsaxurSi, 5 weliwadSi erTxel, Tanamdebobrivi sargos SenarCunebiT, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT kvalifikaciis amaRlebis mizniT, saswavlo Svebuleba 3 Tvemde vadiT.
Svebuleba orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis gamo orsulobisa da bavSvis movlis periodSi, qali sargeblobs damatebiTi uflebebiT. dasaqmebul qals, Tavisi moTxovnis safuZvelze, eZleva Svebuleba orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis gamo _ 477 kalendaruli dRis odenobiT. kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis gamo, Svebulebidan anazRaurebadia 126 kalendaruli dRe, xolo mSobiarobis garTulebis an tyupis Sobis SemTxvevaSi _ 140 kalendaruli dRe. Svebuleba, dasaqmebuls, Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr SeuZlia gadaanawilos orsulobisa da mSobiarobis Semdgom periodebze.2
sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb kanoni, muxli 41, aseve Sromis kodeqsi, muxli 27.
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Svebuleba axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo Tuki Tqven iSvileT erT wlamde asakis bavSvi, Tqveni moTxovnis safuZvelze, mogecemaT Svebuleba axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo. misi xangrZlivoba, _ bavSvis dabadebidan, 365 kalendaruli dRis odenobiT.3 am Svebulebidan, anazRaurebadia 70 kalendaruli dRe.
damatebiTi Svebuleba bavSvis movlis gamo xSir SemTxvevaSi, bavSvis movla, Tqveni mxridan, damatebiT yuradRebas da dros moiTxovs. amasTan dakavSirebiT, gaTvaliswinebulia damatebiTi Svebuleba bavSvis movlis gamo. qals, Tavisive TxovniT, uwyvetad an nawil-nawil, eZleva anazRaurebis gareSe Svebuleba bavSvis movlis gamo _ 12 kviris odenobiT. aRniSnuli Svebuleba eZleva manamde, sanam bavSvs Seusruldeba 5 weli, _ weliwadSi, aranakleb 2 kvirisa. aRniSnuli wesi, Tqvenze vrceldeba, miuxedavad dawesebulebis xasiaTisa da tipisa.
gaxsovdeT! bavSvis movlis gamo, damatebiTi Svebuleba SeiZleba mieces nebismier pirs, romelic faqtobrivad, uvlis bavSvs _ mamas, bebias, babuas da a.S. orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis, aseve axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo, Svebulebebis anazRaureba da kompensaciis sakiTxebi.4
1. daxmarebisa da kompensaciis dafinansebis wyaro moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, daxmareba gaicema socialuri momsaxurebis saagentos mier, magram ara umetes 600 larisa, xolo kompensa3 4
Sromis kodeqsi, muxli 28. aRniSnuli wesi, daregulirebulia 2006 wlis 25 agvistos, saqarTvelos Sromis, janmTrelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brZanebiT # 231/n _ òrsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis, aseve axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo, Svebulebis anazRaurebis wesi.
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cia _ im dawesebulebis mier, sadac Tqven muSaobT, misTvis saxelmwifo biujetidan, kanoniT gamoyofili Tanxebidan. Tuki Tqven dasaqmebuli brZandebiT im dawesebulebebSi, romlebzec ar vrceldeba sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb kanoni, SromiTi xelSekrulebis dadebis dros, an Semdgom, Tqven gaqvT SeTanxmebis ufleba, damatebiTi anazRaurebis Sesaxeb. 2. daxmarebisa da kompensaciis misaRebad gasavleli procedurebi TqvenTvis daxmarebis gacemis safuZvels warmoadgens orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis, aseve axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo, Tqvenze Sevsebuli saavadmyofo furceli, xolo axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis SemTxvevaSi _ aseve kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba. aRniSnulis misaRebad, Tqven unda mimarToT gancxadebiT administraciis saxelze. Tqveni gancxadebis safuZvelze, damsaqmebeli an sajaro dawesebuleba, Seavsebs saavadmyofo furclis Sesabamis nawils da SemdgomSi, dafinansebis ganacxadTan da zemoTmiTiTebul sabuTebTan erTad, ugzavnis saagentos: 1. saavadmyofo furceli aslTan erTad, xolo Svilad ayvanis SemTxvevaSi, _ Svilebis Sesabamisi dokumenti aslTan erTad (dednebis dakargvis SemTxvevaSi, misi dublikati da maTi aslebi); 2. Tqveni piradobis mowmobis asli; 3. dafinansebis ganacxadi, 3 egzemplarad, romelic damowmebuli unda iyos damsaqmeblis an sajaro dawesebulebis beWdiT (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi), agreTve xelmZRvanelisa da buRaltris xelmowerebiT; 4. sabanko dawesebulebis mier gacemuli dokumenti, Tqveni piradi sabanko angariSis Sesaxeb (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi). 3. daxmarebisa da kompensaciis odenobis gaangariSeba Tuki Tqven brZandebiT sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli, gasacemi daxmarebis odenobis gaangariSebis bazas, TqvenTvis warmoadgens orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis an axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo, SvebulebaSi gasvlamde, wina Tvis Tanamdebobrivi sargo. danarCeni saxis dasaqmebulisTvis, gasacemi daxmarebis odenobis gaangariSebis bazas warmoadgens SromiTi xelSekrulebiT gansazRvruli Sromis anazRaureba. Tuki Tqveni SromiTi xelSekrulebiT ar aris gansazRvruli Sromis anazRaurebis odenoba, am SemTxvevaSi, daxmarebis gaangariSebis ba99
zas warmoadgens Svebulebis periodamde, ukanaskneli 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi daricxuli saSualo Sromis anazRaureba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tqven gamomuSavebaze muSaobT, daxmarebis odenobis gaangariSebis bazas warmoadgens Svebulebis periodamde, ukanaskneli 3 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, saSualo Tviuri Sromis anazRaureba. Tuki Tqven jer ar gagaCniaT mocemul damsaqmebelTan sami Tvis muSaobis staJi, saSualo Tviuri Sromis anazRaureba gamoiTvleba mocemul damsaqmebelTan, Sesabamisi profesiisa da kvalifikaciis dasaqmebulisTvis gadaxdili saSualo Tviuri Sromis anazRaurebidan.
gaxsovdeT! Tqveni daxmarebis odenobis gamoangariSebisas, mxedvelobaSi ar miiReba: 1. erTdrouli saxis daxmarebebi, premiebi da materialuri jildoebi; 2. zeganakveTuri anazRaureba da danamatebi; 3. erTjeradi samuSaos anazRaureba, romelic ar warmoadgens ZiriTadi samuSaosTvis miRebul gasamrjelos.
saavadmyofo furclis daxurvis SemTxvevaSi, orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis, aseve axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo, Svebuleba ar anazRaurdeba. Svebuleba ar anazRaurdeba aseve, Tu Tqven, Svilad ayvanis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, ar mimarTeT Sesabamisi daxmarebis misaRebad. Tuki Tqven daorsuldiT: orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis, axalSobilis Svilad ayvanisa da bavSvis movlis gamo, damatebiTi Svebulebis an uxelfaso SvebulebaSi yofnis dros, TqvenTvis daxmareba da kompensacia aseve gaicema morigi anazRaurebadi Svebulebis mTel periodzec. am dros, Tuki gaizarda Tqveni Tanamdebobrivi sargo, daxmarebis odenoba gaangariSebuli unda iqnas axali Tanamdebobrivi sargos mixedviT. organizaciis an sajaro dawesebulebis likvidaciis gamo, dasaqmebulis an sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebulis gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi, Tu gaxsnilia saavadmyofo furceli, daxmareba da kompensacia anazRaurdeba srulad. 100
sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebul qals, orsulobis periodSi Catarebuli samedicino gamokvlevebis gamo, gacdenili samuSao saaTebi CaeTvleba sapatiod, gamokvlevebis Catarebis damadasturebeli dokumentaciis warmodgenisas da aseve SeunarCundeba xelfasi.
SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyveta

Sromis ufleba, _ kanoniT aRiarebuli ufleba da Cveni cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia. magram, aRniSnuli ufleba ar aris absoluturi da SeiZleba Sewydes, an SeiZleba SeizRudos konkretuli mizezebis gamo. amitom, saWiroa imis codna, Tu ra SemTxvevaSia Sewyveta Cveni ufleba, Cveni valdebuleba an SeiZleba ganxiluli iyos, rogorc Cveni uflebis darRveva. amitom, saWiroa gaTavisuflebis safuZvlebis swori codna. SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyveta, SeiZleba moxdes sxvadasxva safuZvliT. 1. sakuTari iniciativis safuZvelze am SemTxvevaSi, Tqven, sakuTari iniciativiT, TavisufldebiT samsaxuridan. saWiroa gancxadebiT mimarTva uflebamosili piris saxelze (ufrosis) ixileT Sesabamisi forma) da rezoluciis dadebis Semdeg, Tqven iTvlebiT gaTavisuflebulad. 2. vadis gasvlasTan dakavSirebiT, an konkretuli samuSaos dasrulebis SemTxvevaSi Tuki Tqveni xelSekruleba gaformebuli konkretuli vadiT an konkretuli samuSaos Sesrulebis gamo, samsaxurebrivi urTierToba wydeba samsaxuris vadis gasvlis meore dRes. Tuki xelSekruleba gaformebulia konkretuli valdebulebebis Sesrulebis gaTvaliswinebiT, _ konkretuli valdebulebebis Sesrulebis meore dRes. SeiZleba Tqveni xelSekrulebis vadis gagrZelebac. am SemTxvevaSi, Tqven ar TavisufldebiT samsaxuridan.
ar dagaviwydeT! samsaxuridan SeiZleba gaaTavisuflos im pirma an dawesebulebam, romelsac Tqveni samsaxurSi miRebis ufleba aqvs. anu, Tuki gaTavisuflebis brZaneba gacemulia im piris mier, visac ar aqvs kadrebis ayvanis uflebamosileba, es imas niSnavs, rom Tqven ar xarT gaTavisuflebuli. magali101
Tad, ufrosis movaleobis Semsrulebels, xSir SemTxvevaSi, ar gaaCnia aRniSnuli ufleba. amis gamo, mis mier ganxorcielebuli Tanamdebobidan gaTavisufleba, kanonieri ver iqneba. 3. samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba dakavebul TanamdebobasTan Seusabamobis gamo zogierT SemTxvevaSi, sajaro samsaxurSi, dasaqmebulis mimarT specialuri moTxovnebis dawesebis gamo, SeiZleba gaaTavisuflon samsaxuridan dakavebul TanamdebobasTan Seusabamobis gamo. ra SeiZleba gaxdes samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis mizezi? magaliTad, gamosacdeli vadis an atestaciis aradamakmayofilebeli Sedegebi; an saxelmwifo enis aradamakmayofilebeli codna da samsaxurSi normaluri urTierTobis SeuZlebloba; an janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gamo samsaxurebrivi movaleobebis saTanadod Sesrulebis SeuZlebloba; an aradamakmayofilebeli profesiuli Cvevebis gamo.
4. gaTavisufleba disciplinuri gadacdomisaTvis Tuki Tqven sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli brZandebiT, Tqveni gaTavisufleba SeiZleba moxdes disciplinuri gadacdomisaTvis _ im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arRvevs samsaxurebriv movaleobas. Tuki Tqven uxeSad daarRvevT SromiT xelSekrulebas an Sinaganawess, maSin Tqveni gaTavisufleba dasaSvebia disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis moqmedebis gareSec. samsaxuridan Tqveni gaTavisufldeba moxdeba Sesabamisi dokumentis gacnobis dRidan. sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli, Tu TviTneburad, 5 dReze meti xniT miatovebs samsaxurs, gaTavisuflebulad CaiTvleba samsaxuris TviTneburad datovebis meore samuSao dRidan. 5. samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba dawesebulebis likvidaciis gamo sajaro dawesebulebis an damsaqmebeli iuridiuli piris likvidaciis gamo, avtomaturad dgeba gaTavisuflebis sakiTxi. 6. dawesebulebis reorganizacia. samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba SemcirebasTan dakavSirebiT 102
sajaro dawesebulebis reorganizacia ar qmnis safuZvels Tqvens gasaTavisufleblad. magram, Statebis Semcirebis dros, bunebrivia, samuSao adgilebis Semcirebis gamo, dakavebuli muSakebis raodenobis Semcirebac xdeba.
ras warmoadgens reorganizacia? reorganizacia _ gardaqmna, Serwyma, mierTeba, Semcireba. kanonis mixedviT, sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli, SeiZleba gaaTavisuflon samsaxuridan dawesebulebis StatebiT gaTvaliswinebul TanamdebobaTa Semcirebisas. am SemTxvevaSi, Tqven, gafrTxilebis vadis gasvlis Semdgom TavisufldebiT. Tuki Tqven Tanaxma iqnebiT, imuSavoT sxva Tanamdebobaze, Tqven ar gaTavisufldebiT samsaxuridan. Tuki Semcirebis gamo dgeba gaTavisuflebis sakiTxi, mxedvelobaSi SeiZleba miRebuli iyos sxva faqtorebic, _ magaliTad, Catarebuli atestaciis Sedegebi, Tqveni samuSao staJi, kvalifikacia da sxva. samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba xdeba dawesebulebis saqmianobis Sewyvetis dRidan.
gaxsovdeT! dawesebulebis daqvemdebarebis Secvla, ar warmoadgens samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis safuZvels. reorganizacia, yovelTvis ar aris gaTavisuflebis safuZveli. magaliTad, ganyofilebis an mTlianad samsaxuris qvemdebareobis Secvla, ar warmoSobs gaTavisuflebis safuZvels. am SemTxvevaSi, Tuki saxeze ar aris Statebis Semcireba, faqtobrivad, samuSao adgilebis raodenoba igive rCeba.
7. gaTavisufleba xangrZlivi Sromisuunarobis gamo Tqveni gaTavisufleba SeiZleba moxdes avadmyofobis an dasaxiCrebis gamo, samsaxurSi zedized oTxi Tvis, an kalendaruli wlis manZilze, eqvsi Tvis gamoucxadeblobis gamo. am SemTxvevaSi, sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli, SeiZleba gaaTavisuflon samsaxuridan mxolod droebiTi Sromisuunarobis furclis moqmedebis periodSi. Tqveni samsaxurebrivi urTierToba, Tuki samsaxurTan dakavSirebiT droebiT Sromisuunaro gaxdiT, SeCerdeba gamojanmrTelebamde an invalidobis dadgenamde. Tqven SeginarCundebaT 103
Tanamdeboba. samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba, Sesabamis dokumentSi, buli dRidan moxdeba.
miTiTe-
sxva dawesebulebebsa da organizaciebSi dasaqmebis SemTxvevaSi, xangrZlivi Sromisuunarobad CaiTvleba, Tuki Sromisuunarobis vada, zedized 30 kalendarul dRes aRemateba, an 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, saerTo vada 50 kalendarul dRes aRemateba. am dros, Tqvens mier SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos aseve yovelwliuri Svebulebis saSualeba. SromiTi xelSekrulebiT, sxva pirobis gaTvaliswinebac SeiZleba. 8. gaTavisufleba asakis gamo 60 wlis asaks miRweva, qalisTvis, pensiaze gasvlis safuZvels warmoadgens. aRniSnul SemTxevavaSi, saWiroa kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, sapensio uzrunvelyofis moTxovniT mimarTva (ixileT Tavi soc. uzrunvelyofa). 9. gaTavisufleba gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis ZalaSi Sesvlis gamo sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli, samsaxuridan Tavisufldeba sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis gamo, romlis Tanaxmadac mas Seefarda sasjeli, ganzrax Cadenili danaSaulisaTvis, an sasjeli, romelic gamoricxavs samsaxuris gagrZelebas. gaTavisufldeba xdeba sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlidan, meore dRes. sxva saxis dawesebulebebSi, sadac ar vrceldeba sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis moqmedeba, dasaqmebis dros, sasamarTlo ganaCenis an gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvla, romelic samuSaos Sesrulebis SesaZleblobas gamoricxavs, SeiZleba aseve gaxdes SromiTi xelSekrulebis Sewyvetis safuZveli. 10. gaTavisufleba samsaxurSi miRebisas dadgenili moTxovnebis darRvevisTvis Tuki Tqven sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli brZandebiT da Tqveni Tanamdebobaze arCevis an daniSvnis dros, kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili moTxovnebi dairRva, aRniSnuli SeiZleba gaTavisuflebis safuZveli gaxdes, Tu gaTavisuflebis safuZveli ver aRmoifxvra. magaliTad, saeWvo gaxda erT-erTi wardgenili sabuTis namdviloba, rasTan dakavSirebiTac daiwyo Sesabamisi procedura, magaliTad, sabuTis siyalbis dadgenasTan dakavSirebiT. 104
11. gaTavisufleba sxva dawesebulebaSi gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebulis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven Tanamdebobidan TavisufldebiT sxva Tanamdebobaze arCevis an daniSvnis dRes.
gaxsovdeT! Tuki Tqven agirCies an dagniSnes sxva Sesabamis saxelmwifo Tanamdebobaze, Tqven ar wyvetT samsaxurebriv urTierTobas saxelmwifosTan.
12. gaTavisufleba moqalaqeobis Secvlis gamo Tqven samsaxuridan gaTavisufldebiT, Tuki Tqven sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebis Semdgom, nebismieri sxva saxelmwifos moqalaqeobas miiRebT. kerZo an sxva saxis dawesebulebaSi dasaqmebis dros, moqalaqeobis Secvla, gaTavisuflebis safuZvels ar warmoadgens, Tuki xelSekrulebiT, winaswar ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli aRniSnuli. SezRudva moqalaqeobis Secvlaze, kerZo dawesebulebaSi, dasaqmebulis mimarT, dasabuTebul xasiaTs unda atarebdes da ar unda Cagayenos kabalur pirobebSi, vinaidan moqalaqeobis SerCeva, adamianis erT-erTi ZiriTadi uflebaa.
13. gaTavisufleba gardacvalebis gamo gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, meore dRidan, SromiTi urTierToba iTvleba Sewyvetilad. Tqveni SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetis safuZveli, aseve SeiZleba gaxdes: SromiTi xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaos Sesruleba, Tu xelSekruleba Sedgenilia konkretuli samuSaos Sesrulebis gamo, magaliTad, erTi enidan meore enaze Targmnis gakeTeba, risi damTavrebis Semdeg, avtomaturad wydeba nebismieri valdebuleba Tqvensa da meore mxares Soris. erT-erTi mxaris mier SromiTi xelSekrulebis pirobebis darRveva, aseve SeiZleba gaxdes xelSekrulebis moSlis safuZveli, rogorc aRebuli valdebulebis arasaTanado, an arajerovani Sesruleba (magaliTad, araprofesionalurad, arasrulad, vadebis darRveviT davalebis Sesruleba); 105
xelSekrulebis orive mxareTa urTierTSeTanxmeba _ konkretuli drois gasvlis Semdeg, mxareebs ar surT aRniSnuli xelSekrulebis gagrZeleba.
rogor xdeba samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba? gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi, daculi unda iyos specialuri moTxovnebi. 1. gafrTxileba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebis dros, Tqven, erTi TviT adre unda gecnoboT dawesebulebis likvidaciis, Tanamdebobis Semcirebis, atestaciis aradamakmayofilebeli Sedegebis an asakis gamo, samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. xangrZlivi Sromisuunarobis gamo gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, Tqven werilobiT unda miiRoT gafrTxileba gaTavisuflebamde 2 kviriT adre mainc. Tu darRveulia aRniSnuli vada, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, moiTxovoT xelfasi yoveli gadacilebuli dRisTvis.5 gaTavisuflebaze uaris Tqma, Tu Tqven gafrTxilebuli brZandebiT saTanado wesiT, SeiZleba mxolod Tqveni werilobiTi TanxmobiT. uaris SemTxvevaSi, sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli, Tavisufldeba samsaxuridan imave safuZvliT da eZleva kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli kompensacia (ixileT Semdgomi qveTavi da diskze arsebuli sasamarTlo formebi). sxva saxis dawesebulebebSi, anu romelzec ar vrceldeba sajaro samsaxuris moTxovnebi, Tuki SromiTi xelSekrulebis moSlis iniciatori dasaqmebulia, igi valdebulia gaafrTxilos damsaqmebeli aranakleb 30 kalendaruli dRiT adre, werilobiTi SetyobinebiT. SromiTi xelSekrulebiT, SeiZleba iyos dadgenili sxva wesic. 2. samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis kompensacia Tuki SromiTi xelSekruleba damsaqmeblis iniciativiT wydeba, dasaqmebuls miecema aranakleb erTi Tvis Sromis anazRaureba (dawesebulebebSi, romelzec ar vrceldeba sajaro samsaxuris moTxovnebi). dawesebulebis likvidaciis an Statebis Semcirebis gamo, samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebisas, sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuls, kompensaciis saxiT eZleva 2 Tvis Tanamdebobrivi sargo.
sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb~ kanoni, muxli 108.
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sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebis dros, dawesebulebis likvidaciis, Tanamdebobis Semcirebis, atestaciis aradamakmayofilebeli Sedegebis, an asakis gamo gaTavisuflebis Taobaze gafrTxilebis vadis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, aseve eZleva xelfasi, yoveli gadacilebuli dRisTvis. janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, xangrZlivi Sromisuunarobis, samxedro an alternatiul samsaxurSi gawvevis an atestaciis Sedegebis gamo samsaxuridan ganTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi, sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuls, eZleva kompensacia erTi Tvis Tanamdebobrivi sargos odenobiT. janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, xangrZlivi Sromisuunarobis gamo, samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi, sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuls, eZleva kompensacia 1 Tvis Tanamdebobrivi sargos odenobiT.6 samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba formdeba brZanebiT, gankargulebiT an dadgenilebiT.
samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis gamomricxavi garemoebebi
gaxsovdeT! sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli qali, ar SeiZleba gaTavisufldes samsaxuridan orsulobis, an bavSvis 3 wlis asakamde aRzrdis periodSi, Statebis Semcirebis, xangrZlivi Sromisuunarobis an janmrTelobis mdgomareobis, agreTve atestaciis Sedegebis gamo.
gaTavisuflebis gamomricxavi garemoebebi samsaxurebrivi urTierTobis SeCerebis periodSi SromiTi urTierTobis SeCerebisas, dauSvebelia SromiTi xelSekrulebis moSla. ra aris SromiTi urTierTobis SeCerebis cneba? SromiTi urTierTobis SeCereba aris SromiTi xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli samuSaos droebiT Seusrulebloba, romelic ar iwvevs SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetas. am dros Tqven, faqtobrivad, ar asrulebT Tqvens samsaxurebriv valdebulebebs, Tumca am dros, dasaqmebulad iTvlebiT.
6
`sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb kanoni, muxli 109.
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SromiTi urTierTobis SeCerebis safuZvlebia: 1. anazRaurebis gareSe Svebuleba; 2.anazRaurebadi Svebuleba; 3. aqtiuri an/da pasiuri saarCevno uflebis ganxorcieleba (saqarTvelos moqalaqis ufleba, airCios magaliTad, prezidenti an sakrebulo, aseve ufleba, _ arCeuli iqnes aRniSnul organoebSi); 4.sagamoZiebo, prokuraturis an sasamarTlo organoebSi gamocxadeba (magaliTad, dagiZaxes aRniSnul organoebSi mowmis saxiT Cvenebis misacemad, an Tqvens pirad saqmeze. aRniSnuli gamoZaxeba unda moxdes an Sesabamisi uwyebis miRebis safuZvelze, an telefonis saSualebiT. amasTanave, gamoZaxebisas, unda iyos ganmartebuli konkretuli gamoZaxebis mizezi, adgili, dro, saqmis xasiaTi da Tqveni statusi aRniSnul saqmeSi); 5. Svebuleba orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis gamo, Svebuleba axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo da damatebiTi Svebuleba bavSvis movlis gamo; 6. ojaxSi, Zaladobis msxverplis, TavSesafarSi an/da krizisul centrSi moTavseba (ix. aseve Tavi òjaxuri Zaladoba), magram ara umetes 30 kalendaruli dRisa, weliwadSi; 7. droebiTi Sromisuunaroba, Tu misi vada ar aRemateba zedized, 30 kalendarul dRes, an 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, saerTo vada ar aRemateba 50 kalendarul dRes; 8. kvalifikaciis amaRleba, profesiuli gadamzadeba an swavla, romlis xangrZlivoba, weliwadSi, ar unda aRematebodes 30 kalendarul dRes; 9. dawesebulebebSi, romelzec ar vrceldeba sajaro samsaxuris moTxovnebi, aseve: gaficva da lokauti (gaficva da lokauti aris davis SemTxvevaSi, dasaqmebulis droebiTi nebayoflobiTi uari, SromiTi xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis mTlianad, an nawilobriv Sesrulebaze).
gaxsovdeT! samsaxurebrivi urTierTobis SeCerebis periodSi, sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuls, unarCundeba Tanamdebobrivi sargo, danamatebi an eZleva sxvagvari kompensacia, magaliTad, Svebuleba orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis gamo; Svebuleba axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo da damatebiTi Svebuleba bavSvis movlis gamo da a.S. 108
ar anazRaurdeba! ojaxSi, Zaladobis msxverplis, TavSesafarSi an krizisul centrSi moTavsebis SemTxveva.
Tuki sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli, samsaxurTan dakavSirebiT, droebiT Sromisuunaro gaxda, mas SeuCerdeba misi samsaxurebrivi urTierToba gamojanmrTelebis, an invalidobis dadgenamde da aseve, SeunarCundeba Tavisi Tanamdeboba. dawesebulebebSi, romelzec ar vrceldeba sajaro samsaxuris moTxovnebi, SromiTi urTierTobis SeCerebis dros, dasaqmebuls ar miecema Sromis anazRaureba, garda zemoTmiTebuli anazRaurebadi Svebulebebisa.
saboloo angariSsworeba SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetisas SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetisas, damsaqmebeli valdebulia, dasaqmebulTan moaxdinos saboloo angariSsworeba, ara ugvianes 7 kalendaruli dRisa, Tu SromiTi xelSekrulebiT an kanoniT, sxva ram ar aris gansazRvruli.
arasrulwlovanTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis moSla Tuki arasrulwlovani dasaqmebulia da muSaobis gagrZeleba zians ayenebs arasrulwlovnis sicocxles, janmrTelobas an sxva, mniSvnelovan interesebs, arasrulwlovnis kanonier warmomadgenels, an mzrunvelobisa da meurveobis organos, ufleba aqvT moiTxovon arasrulwlovanTan SromiTi xelSekrulebis moSla.
samarTlebrivi dava SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetis dros
ganvsazRvroT, ra aris dava? dava aris SromiTi urTierTobis dros warmoSobili uTanxmoeba, romlis gadawyvetac, SromiTi xelSekrulebis mxareTa kanonier interesebSi Sedis.
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rogor gadavWraT warmoSobili sadavo urTierToba? samsaxurSi, davis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven ufleba gaqvT: 1. mimarToT administracias Sesabamisi gancxadebiT da moiTxovoT informacia (axsna-ganmarteba) Tqveni uflebebis darRvevis Taobaze; 2. mimarToT sasamarTlos.
gaxsovdeT! davis ganxilva SeuZliaT mxolod im pirebs da maT warmomadgenlebs, romelTac uSualod exebaT es dava da Sesabamisi uflebamosileba aqvT.
moTxovnis ufleba samsaxuridan ukanonod gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi sajaro samsaxuridan ukanonod gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, moiTxovoT gaTavisuflebis ukanonod cnoba, gaTavisuflebis safuZvlis Secvla da xelfasis anazRaureba, samsaxurSi iZulebiT aryofnis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi. Tqven ufleba gaqvT, kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT7 erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi, gaasaCivroT sasamarTloSi, samsaxurebriv sakiTxebze gamocemuli brZaneba, gankarguleba, gadawyvetileba, agreTve moqmedeba. brZaneba, gankarguleba SeiZleba exebodes nebismier sakiTxs, rogoricaa: gaTavisufleba, gadayvana sxva Tanamdebobaze, SromiTi pirobebis darRveva da a.S.8 Tuki Tqveni gaTavisuflebis dros darRveulia gaTavisuflebis wesi, aRniSnuli, sasamarTlos wesiT, Tqveni samsaxurSi aRdgenis safuZvels warmoadgens. sasamarTlos mier, samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebaze an gadayvanaze gacemuli brZanebis, gankargulebis an gadawyvetilebis arakanonierad aRiarebis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven daeqvemdebarebiT dauyovnebliv aRdgenas, Tu Tqven uars ar ganacxadebT aRdgenaze.
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saqarTvelos kanoni `sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb, muxli112. muxli 112, 127 sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb kanoni.
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davis ganxilva sxva saxis dawesebulebebSi im dawesebulebebSi da organizaciebSi, romlebzec vrceldeba saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsis moqmedeba, anu kerZo sawarmoebSi, sazogadoebriv organizaciebSi da sxva, individualuri davis ganxilva SesaZlebelia SemaTanxmebeli procedurebiT, individualuri molaparakebis gziT an sasamarTlos saSualebiT.9 SromiTi dava warmoiSoba mxaris mier, meore mxarisaTvis gagzavnili werilobiTi SetyobinebiT, uTanxmoebis Sesaxeb. kodeqsis mixedviT, SromiT urTierTobaSi, davis warmoSobis safuZveli SeiZleba gaxdes saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis, aseve SromiTi xelSekrulebis an Sromis pirobebis darRveva. kanonis mixedviT iTvleba, rom dava unda gadawydes mxareTa Soris SemaTanxmebeli procedurebiT. SemaTanxmebeli procedurebis dawyebis Sesaxeb, mxare meore mxares ugzavnis werilobiT Setyobinebas, romelSic zustad unda iyos gansazRvruli davis warmoSobis safuZveli da moTxovnebi. meore mxare valdebulia, werilobiTi Setyobineba ganixilos da Tavisi gadawyvetileba werilobiT acnobos mxares, Setyobinebis miRebidan, 10 kalendaruli dRis ganmavlobaSi. SemdgomSi, warmomadgenlebi an mxareebi, iReben werilobiT gadawyvetilebas, romelic xdeba arsebuli SromiTi xelSekrulebis nawili.
vadebi Tu davis dros, SeTanxmeba ver iqna miRweuli 14 kalendaruli dRis ganmavlobaSi, an Tu mxarem Tavi aarida SemaTanxmebel procedurebSi monawileobas, meore mxares ufleba aqvs, mimarTos sasamarTlos an arbitraJs. kanoniT ar aris dadgenili gasaCivrebis konkretuli vada, magram SeecadeT, rom konkretuli darRvevis dadgomidan, ar gauSvaT 3 wliani vada (samwliani gasaCivrebis vada gaTvaliswinebulia saxelSekrulebo urTierTobis dros. SromiTi urTierToba, swored xelSekrulebis safuZvelze warmoiSoba).
saqarTvelos Sromis kodeqsi, muxli 47-48.
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saidan aiTvleba gasaCivrebis vada? samarTlebrivi aqtebis gasaCivrebis xandazmulobis vada aiTvleba Sesabamisi brZanebis (gankargulebis) gacnobis momentidan. brZanebis gacnobad iTvleba gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb brZanebis piradad xelze miReba. samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi sarCelis wardgena sasamarTloSi ar iwvevs sadavo brZanebis moqmedebis SeCerebas.
xarjebi sasamarTlo warmoeba moiTxovs garkveul xarjebs. sasamarTlo davis SemTxvevaSi, mosarCeles (vinc asaCivrebs), daekisreba saxelmwifo baJis gadaxda. Tqven gaTavisufldebiT saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisgan, sarCelebze xelfasis gadaxdevinebis Sesaxeb da sxva moTxovnebze, Sromis anazRaurebis Taobaze, romlebic gamomdinareobs Sromis samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan. im SemTxevaSi, Tuki ar moxdeba gaTavisufleba romelime sxva sakiTxze SromiTi davis dros, maSin saqalaqo sasamarTloSi, sarCelis Setanis dros, gadasaxdelia saxelmwifi baJi, _ 100 laris odenobiT. saapelacio sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis dros, gadasaxdelia 150 lari saxelmwifo baJis saxiT. sakasacio instanciaSi gasaCivrebisas, baJis odenoba Seadgens 300 lars. saxelmwifo baJis gadaxda xdeba Sesabamisi odenobis Tanxis Caricxvis gziT, specialurad miTiTebul sabanko angariSze. Tqvens mier, sasamarTloSi sarCelis mogebis SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnuli xarji dagibrundebaT (ix. aseve Tavi samarTlebrivi dacvis erovnuli da saerTaSoriso saSualebebi, sadac aRwerilia sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis zogadi wesebi da principebi, aseve ixileT gancxadebebis nimuSebi TandarTul diskze). aseve gaiTvaliswineT, rom sajaro samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven sarCeliT unda mimarToT raionul (an saqalaqo) sasamarTlos administraciul saqmeTa kolegias. sxva saxis dawesebulebidan gaTavisuflebis dros (im dawesebulebidan, romlebzec ar vrceldeba sajaro samsaxuris moTxovnebi), magaliTad, qarxnidan, bankidan, _ raionuli (an saqalaqo) sasamarTlos samoqalaqo saqmeTa kolegias.
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gaxsovdeT! samsaxuris staJi dasturdeba dawesebulebis mier, saTanadod gaformebuli sabuTiT (cnobiT), an Sromis wignakiT; zogadi wesis mixedviT, Sromis wignaki ivseba pirvelad dasaqmebis SemTxvevaSi, 5 dRis vadaSi.
qali samewarmeo sferosa da sazogadoebriv organizaciebSi
iseve rogorc Sromis uflebaa garantirebuli konstituciiT, samsaxuris SerCevac _ TiToeuli adamianis uflebaa. Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi, SesaZlebelia samsaxuris SeTavseba da erTdroulad ramdenime saqmiT dakaveba. dRevandel dRes, qali warmatebiT iTavsebs sxvadasxva saqmianobas biznesSi da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. mTavaria, ar arsebobdes kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli saqmianobis SeTavsebis SezRudvebi (magaliTad, sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebis dros, ekrZaleba komerciuli saqmianobis ganxorcieleba). qali aRar aris mxolod diasaxlisi, qali mSvenivrad arTmevs Tavs yvela profesiasa da saqmianobas: qali-mewarme, qali politikosi da a.S. mTavaria, sakuTari SesaZleblobebis sworad gansazRvra. winamdebare TavSi, Cven gvsurs, visaubroT im wesebze, romlis saSualebiTa da dacviT, SesaZlebelia, sakuTari SesaZleblobebis realizacia moxdes. ra Tqma unda, aRniSnuli CamonaTvaliT saqmianobis SesaZleblobebi ar iwureba. Tu Tqven ZiZad an damlageblad muSaobT, an kerZo pedagogiur saqmianobas eweviT, maSin Tqven TviT dasaqmebuli adamiani brZandebiT. Tqven aseve SegiZliaT, iuridiuli piri SeqmnaT.10 iuridiuli piri SeiZleba sxvadasxva saxis iyos.
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saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixedviT, iuridiuli piri aris gansazRvruli miznis misaRwevad Seqmnili, sakuTari qonebis mqone organizebuli warmonaqmni. iuridiuli piri Tavisi qonebiT, damoukideblad pasuxs agebs da sakuTari saxeliT iZens uflebebsa da movaleobebs, debs garigebebs.
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iuridiuli piri, romlis mizania komerciuli saqmianoba, mewarmeTa Sesaxeb kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviT unda Seiqmnas. Tqven SegiZliaT sakuTari sawarmos Seqmna, Tu silamazis salonis, qalTa tansacmlis an fexsacmlis maRaziis gaxsnas apirebT, an kbilis eqimi brZandebiT da Tqveni kabinetis gasxna gsurT, an gsurT saganmanaTeblo dawesebulebis, bankis, sadazRvevo kompaniis daarseba da a.S. `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, samewarmeo saqmianoba araerTjeradi saqmianobaa, romelic xorcieldeba mogebis mizniT. am dros, Tqven damoukideblad da organizebulad muSaobT, momsaxurebas eweviT da iRebT Semosavals. mewarmeTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis ganmartebiT, samewarmeo saqmianobad ar iTvleba fizikuri pirebis saxelovnebo, samecniero, samedicino, arqiteqturuli, saadvokato an sanotaro, saaudito, sakonsultacio (maT Soris, sagadasaxado konsultantTa), sasoflo-sameurneo an satyeo-sameurneo saqmianoba. magram, sasoflo-sameurneo da satyeo-sameurneo warmoeba SeiZleba arsebobdes, rogorc samewarmeo subieqti. registracia savaldebuloa, Tu warmoebaSi mudmivad dasaqmebulia mflobelis ojaxis minimum arawevri xuTi piri mainc. registraciamde, Tqven unda SearCioT, Tu ra statusiT gsurT daregistrireba. Semdeg, moxdeba maTi mewarmeTa da arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli pirebis reestrSi registracia. mewarmeTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, mewarme subieqtebi arian: 1. individualuri mewarme; 2. solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba (sps); 3. komandituri sazogadoeba (ks); 4. SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba (Sps); 5. saaqcio sazogadoeba (ss, korporacia) da; 6. kooperativi.
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mcire biznesis Seqmnis dros, yvelaze gavrcelebulia individualuri mewarmisa da SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis formis gamoyeneba. magaliTad, saaqcio sazogadoebis saxiT biznesis Seqmna, SeiZleba bankis daarsebis dros. individualuri mewarme ar aris iuridiuli piri. rogorc subieqti, is warmoiSoba mxolod mewarmeTa da arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli pirebis reestrSi registraciis Sedegad. individualuri mewarme, Tavisi samewarmeo saqmianobidan warmoSobili valdebulebebisTvis, pasuxs agebs piradad, Tavisi qonebiT. individualuri mewarme, saqmian urTierTobebSi, Tavis uflebebs axorcielebs da movaleobebs asrulebs, rogorc fizikuri piri. solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba, komandituri sazogadoeba, SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba, saaqcio sazogadoeba da kooperativi, aris iuridiuli piris statusis mqone sawarmoebi. saregistracio gancxadebis Sesavsebad, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, gamoiyenoT saregistracio gancxadebis specialuri forma. mewarmeTa da arasamewarmeo iuridiul pirTa reestrs awarmoebs iusticiis saministros sajaro reestris erovnuli saagento. Sesabamisad, dasaregistrireblad da SemdgomSi, reestridan amonaweris misaRebad, sajaro reestris teritiriul saregistracio samsaxurs unda mimarToT.
gaxsovdeT! samewarmeo piris registraciamde, mimarTeT sajaro reestris erovnul saagentos da gaarkvieT, Tu ra savaldebulo dokumentebis CamonaTvalia saWiro am droisTvis dasaregistrireblad. registraciis gansaxorcieleblad, gadasaxdelia gansazRvruli mosakrebeli, rac Tqven unda CaricxoT specialurad miTiTebul sabanko angariSze da ganacxads daurToT Sesabamisi qviTari. aseve, arsebobs daCqarebuli saregistracio momsaxureba, magaliTad, registracia sabuTebis wardgenisTanave, razec gadasaxdeli geqnebaT saregistracio mosakrebeli, momatebuli odenobiT.
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mewarme iuridiuli piris registraciis pirobebi fizikuri piri _ individualur mewarmed registraciisaTvis, sajaro reestris erovnul saagentos warudgens gancxadebas da piradobis damadasturebel mowmobas. gancxadebaSi unda mieTiTos: a) ganmcxadeblis saxeli; b) informacia sawarmos adgilsamyofelis (iuridiuli misamarTis) Sesaxeb; g) ganmcxadeblis piradi nomeri; d) gancxadebis Sevsebis TariRi; e) ganmcxadeblis xelmowera. Tu Tqven ucxo qveynis moqalaqe xarT, maSin saqarTveloSi individualur mewarmed registraciisTvis, unda warmoadginoT yvela CamoTvlili dokumenti. ucxo qveynis iuridiuli piris SemTxvevaSi, misi iuridiul pirad registraciis damadasturebeli dokumentebi, damowmebuli an legalizebuli11 unda iyos. sxva saxis sawarmos registraciis moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, sawarmos Sesaqmnelad, saWiroa ramdenime partnioris yola, amitom Tqven unda waradginoT sawarmos yvela partnioris mier xelmowerili da saTanado wesiT damowmebuli saregistracio ganacxadi. sawarmos Seqmnisas, aseve Tqven unda gaiTvaliswinoT TiTo partnioris finansuri wili procentulad. ras unda moicavdes Tqveni ganacxadi? ganacxadi unda moicavdes: 1) sawarmos saxelwodebas (safirmo saxelwodebas); 2) sawarmos samarTlebrivi forma, rac Tqvens mier aris SerCeuli; 3) sawarmos iuridiuli misamarTi;
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ucxo saxelmwifoebSi gacemuli dokumentebi, saqarTveloSi namdvilad iqneba cnobili, Tu isini legalizebulia an damowmebulia apostiliT. sazRvargareT gacemul dokumentebze, apostilis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, aRar aris saWiro maTi legalizeba saqarTvelos sakonsulo dawesebulebebis mier. informacia legalizaciis proceduris Taobaze, moipoveba Semdeg saitze: http://www.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=388&lang_id=GEO.
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4) sawarmos partniorebis saxeli da gvari, misamarTi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT da piradi nomeri, xolo Tu romelime partniors sxva firma aqvs, maSin misi safirmo saxelwodeba, samarTlebrivi forma, iuridiuli misamarTi, registraciis TariRi, saidentifikacio nomeri da monacemebi misi warmomadgenlebis Sesaxeb; 5) sawarmos xelmZRvanelis an organos dasaxeleba, aseve sawarmoSi gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi; 6) sawarmos xelmZRvanelobasa da warmomadgenlobaze uflebamosili piris saxeli da gvari, sacxovrebeli adgilis misamarTi da piradi nomeri; 7) Tu sawarmos warmomadgenlobaze uflebamosili ramdenime piri hyavs, isini erTad warmoadgenen sawarmos Tu cal-calke. aRniSnuli informacia iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb, unda daiweros wesdebis (ixileT wesdebis nimuSi diskze) saxiT, sadac Sesabamisad, yvela miTiTebuli piroba aRiniSneba. bolo sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis Tanaxmad, registraciisTvis savaldebulo xdeba samewarmeo da arasamewarmeo iuridiul pirTa wesdebis, rogorc savaldebulo dokumentis, wardgena. wesdeba, rogorc yvela sxva saregistracio dokumenti, xelmisawvdomi iqneba aseve internetis saSualebiT. aseve, warsadgenia sxva damatebiTi informacia, sawarmos konkretuli saxeobidan gamomdinare.12 saregistracio ganacxadis sanotaro wesiT damowmeba, savaldebulo ar aris, Tu Tqven yvela dokuments xels maregistrirebel organoSi awerT. Tu daregistrirebis Semdgom, Tqven gsurT cvlileba moaxdinoT monacemebSi, magaliTad misamarTis an xelmZRvaneli piris Secvla, nebismieri cvlilebebis registracia savaldebuloa. rogorc wesi, nebismieri gadawyvetileba unda dafiqsirdes oqmiT, sadac iqneba dafiqsirebuli miRebuli gadawyvetileba. monacemebis cvlilebis registraciis valdebuleba ekis-
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Tqven SegiZliaT, Sesabamisi konsultacia gaiaroT registraciis ganxorcielebamde, rogorc iuristTan, aseve sajaro reestris erovnul saagentoSi konsultantTan an informaciis misaRebad gamoiyeneT Sesabamisi veb-gverdi - magaliTad, http://www.justice. gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=geo&sec_id=146&info_id=1605.
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reba sawarmos xelmZRvanels. cvlileba ZalaSi Sedis mxolod samewarmeo reestrSi registraciis Semdeg. Tqven ufleba gaqvT, reestrSi miuTiToT saregistracio ganacxadis cvlilebis registraciaze uflebamosili sxva piri da misi uflebamosilebis farglebi, maT Soris, ra uflebebSi izRudeba is. Tu Tqveni sawarmos saqmianoba dakavSirebulia sursaTis an cxovelis sakvebis warmoebasTan, gadamuSavebasTan, distribuciasTan, realizaciasTan, sakvebis warmoebis obieqtebTan, saregistraciod wardgenil dokumentaciaSi misi miTiTeba savaldebuloa. aseTi sawarmos saqmianobis registraciisaTvis, dawesebulia damatebiTi pirobebi, rac ganisazRvreba calke instruqciiT. zogierTi saxis saqmianoba da saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli qmedebis ganxorcieleba saWiroebs nebarTvas an licenzias. licenzia Tqvens mier SerCeuli saqmianobis, xolo nebarTva _ konkretuli qmedebebis ganxorcielebis uflebas gaZlevs. magaliTad, bavSvTa kvebis produqciis warmoebis licenzia, sabanko saqmianobis licenzia, dazRvevis licenzia, mSeneblobis nebarTva. amis amomwurav CamonaTvalsa da miRebis wess, aregulirebs saqarTvelos kanoni licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb.
gaxsovdeT! saqmianobis ganxorcieleba licenziis an nebarTvis gareSe dasjadia. Tuki Tqven ar daicavT aRniSnul moTxovnas, Tqven an dajarimdebiT, an Tqvens mimarT SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli sasjeli, _ magaliTad, Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, Tanamdebobis dakavebisa an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva da a.S..
sawarmos saqmianobisaTvis, Tqven SegiZliaT isargebloT sawarmos beWdiTa da blankiT. Tqven aseve unda gaxsnaT sabanko angariSi da SeasruloT yvela sagadasaxado davaleba da valdebuleba TanxebTan mimarTebaSi.
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Tuki Tqveni saqmianobis ganviTarebisTvis saWiroa damatebiTi Tanxebi, Tqven aseve SegiZliaT, sesxi miiRoT bankidan. aRniSnulis survilis SemTxvevaSi, sasurvelia, konsultacia iuristTan gaiaroT. Tqveni saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas, SegiZliaT SeqmnaT filiali, agreTve moaxdinoT Tqveni sawarmos reorganizacia (gardaqmna, Serwyma, gayofa). saqmianobis gagrZelebis survilis arqonis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven SegiZliaT gadacema sxva adamianze (mag.: wilis gasxvisebiT an Cuqebis gziT). yvela miTiTebul SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisi cvlileba unda daafiqsiroT saregistracio organos reestrSi, ganacxadis Setanis safuZvelze, ris Semdeg cvlileba ZalaSi Sedis.
arasamewameo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris Seqmna Tu Tqven ar eweviT samewarmeo saqmianobas, Tqven SegiZliaT daregistrirdeT, rogorc arasamewarmeo iuridiuli piri. ra aris arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piri? Tu Tqven vinmes sasargeblod saqmianobas axorcielebT, kerZod icavT adamianis uflebebs da amave dros, Tqven ar iRebT aranair Tanxas aRniSnuli pirebis dasacavad, an Tqveni Semosavlis wyaro aris grantebi an Semowirulobebi da amiT axorcielebT qiris gadaxdas, saWiro sakomunikacio, komunaluri da sxva saxis gadasaxadebis dafarvas, es niSnavs imas, rom Tqven arasamewarmeo iuridiuli piri brZandebiT. Tqven SegiZliaT, daaregistriroT Tqveni dawesebuleba samoqalaqo kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris saxiT.
arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris registraciis pirobebi registracias axorcielebs samewarmeo da arasamewarmeo pirTa reestri, aRniSnuli arasamewarmeo iuridiuli piris savaraudo misamarTis mixedviT.
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registraciis gansaxorcieleblad, gadasaxdelia gansazRvruli mosakrebeli, rac Tqven unda CaricxoT specialurad miTiTebul sabanko angariSze da ganacxads daurToT Sesabamisi qviTari. aseve, arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli pirisTvis, Tqven unda SearCioT dasaxeleba, magram aRniSnuli dasaxeleba ar unda emTxveodes arcerT sxva arasamewarmeo iuridiuli piris dasaxelebas. arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris xelmZRvaneloba SeiZleba ganaxorcielos erTma (magaliTad, direqtorma), an ramdenime pirma, (magaliTad, gamgeobam, mowvevis SemTxvevaSi _ saerTo krebamac). garda damfuZnebeli wevrebisa, Tqveni organizacia SeiZleba sxva wevrebisganac Sedgebodes. wevrobaSi miRebis, aseve wevrobidan garicxvis wesi, gansazRvruli unda iyos wesdebiT. Tqven aseve unda gaxsnaT sabanko angariSi da SeasruloT yvela sagadasaxado davaleba da valdebuleba TanxebTan mimarTebaSi. arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris registracia xdeba ganacxadiT.
ganacxadi unda Seicavdes: 1. organos dasaxelebas, romelsac mimarTavT; 2. TariRs; 3. ganmcxdeblebis saxelebsa da gvarebs; 4. informacias arasamewarmeo piris Sesaxeb: a) saxelwodebas; b) monacemebs iuridiuli misamarTis Sesaxeb; g) saqmianobis mizans; d) monacemebs damfuZneblis/wevris (damfuZneblebis/wevrebis) Sesaxeb: saxeli, gvari, dabadebis TariRi (ricxvi, Tve, weli), misamarTi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT da piradi nomeri. Tu Tqve-
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ni erT-erTi wevri an damfuZnebeli iuridiuli piria, _ sruli saxelwodeba, samarTlebrivi forma, registraciis rekvizitebi, warmomadgenlobaze uflebamosili piri an pirebi; e) monacemebi arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris xelmZRvanelis an xelmZRvaneli organos Sesaxeb, v) Seqmnis (arCevis) wesi da uflebamosilebis vada; z) monacemebi arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris xelmZRvaneli piris Sesaxeb (saxeli, gvari, dabadebis TariRi (ricxvi, Tve, weli), misamarTi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, piradi nomeri); T) arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris xelmZRvaneli organos (xelmZRvaneli piris) mier gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi da procedura; i) arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris warmomadgenlobaze uflebamosili piri (pirebi), misi (maTi) arCevis wesi da uflebamosilebis vada; k) monacemebi xelmZRvanelobaze uflebamosili piris (pirebis) Sesaxeb (saxeli, gvari, dabadebis TariRi (ricxvi, Tve, weli), dabadebis adgili, misamarTi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, piradi nomeri); l) arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris wevrad miRebis, wevrobidan gasvlisa da garicxvis wesi, Tu igi wevrobaze dafuZnebuli arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piria; m) reorganizaciisa da likvidaciis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis mimRebi organos (piris) dasaxeleba, gadawyvetilebis miRebis wesi da procedura. aRniSnuli informacia, iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb, SeiZleba daiweros wesdebis saxiT, sadac, Sesabamisad, yvela miTiTebuli piroba aRiniSneba (ixileT diskze wesdebis nimuSi).
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aseve, ganacxads unda daerTos: 1. arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris damfuZneblebis sanotaro wesiT damowmebuli Tanxmoba, iuridiuli piris Seqmnis Taobaze _ oqmis saxiT (ixileT danarTi); 2. xelmZRvanelis xelmoweris nimuSi, notariuli wesiT gaformebuli; 3. iuridiuli piris adgilsamyofelis (iuridiuli misamarTis) Sesaxeb cnoba, an mesakuTris notariulad damtkicebuli Tanxmoba aRniSnuli farTis gamoyofis Taobaze, an xelSekruleba aRniSnuli farTiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb (magaliTad, qiravnobis xelSekruleba); 4. saregistracio mosakreblis gadaxdis damadasturebeli qviTari. savaldebuloa, saregistracio dokumentaciis sanotaro wesiT damowmeba, aseve igi unda iyos xelmowerili yvela damfuZneblis mier. zemoaRniSnuli informacia iTvleba arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris saregistracio informaciad, risi Senaxvac xdeba reestrSi. SemdgomSi, Tu saregistracio monacemebSi saWiro gaxdeba cvlilebebis Setana, magaliTad, Seicvala xelmZRvaneli, an muSaobis wesi, an Seicvala misamarTi, nebismieri cvlileba saregistracio dokumentaciaSi, saWiroebs registracias. aRniSnuli cvlileba unda gaformdes oqmiT, romelic saWiroebs daregistirirebas. cvlileba ZalaSi Sedis, reestrSi, mewarmeTa da arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli pirebis registraciis momentidan. arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiul pirs, registraciaze da cvlilebebis registraciaze SeiZleba uari eTqvas, magaliTad, Tu registraciis Sesaxeb gancxadebas ar erTvis gaTvaliswinebuli dokumentacia an aRniSnuli dokumentacia arasruladaa wardgenili; an Setanili cvlilebebi, ewinaaRmdegeba moqmed samarTals, aRiarebul zneobriv normebs, aseve saqarTvelos konstituciur-samarTlebriv principebs. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi, srulyofil CamonaTvals moicavs. arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli pirs xarvezis aRmosafxvrelad vada eZleva. Tu am vadaSi xarvezi ar aRmoifxvreba, maregistrirebeli organo uflebamosilia miiRos gadawyvetileba registraciaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. 122
Tqveni saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas, Tqven aseve SegiZliaT filialis13 Seqmna rogorc saqarTvelos farglebSi, aseve saqarTvelos farglebs gareT. amasTan dakavSirebiT, Tqven unda mimarToT samewarmeo da arasamewarmeo pirTa reestrs, faqtiuri misamarTis mixedviT, analogiuri dokumentebiT, rac Tqven iuridiuli piris registraciis dros gamoiyeneT. arasamewarmeo iuridiul pirs, ufleba aqvs, eweodes samewarmeo saqmianobas, magram aRniSnuli saqmianoba ar unda iTvlebodes Semosavlis ZiriTad wyarod. Tu Tqveni arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris saqmianobis dros, Tqven arsebiTad gadaxvediT samewarmeo saqmianobaze, magaliTad Tqven Tqveni momsaxurebis Sedegad, regularulad iRebT anazRaurebas uSualod im pirisgan, vis sasargebloTac muSaobT, Tqven unda SeaCeroT Tqveni arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris saqmianoba an daregistrirdeT, rogorc samewarmeo subieqti. arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris saqmianobis SeCereba an akrZalva, SeiZleba moxdes aseve sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, Tu dainteresebuli piris mier, sasamarTloSi, sarCeli iqneba Setanili.
arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris reorganizacia da likvidacia arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris reorganizacia, SeiZleba moxdes dayofis, gaerTianebis (Serwymis), gardaqmnis gziT. arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris likvidacia, SeiZleba moxdes ramdenime safuZvliT: 1. damfuZnebel-wevrTa gadawyvetilebiT; 2. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis safuZvelze;
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filiali _ aris gancalkevebuli qvedanayofi, romelic mdebareobs iuridiuli piris adgilsamyofelis gareT, srulad an nawilobriv warmoadgens mas an asrulebs mis funqciebs.
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3. gakotrebisas (gakotreba niSnavs mZime finansur mdgomareobaSi yofnas da gadaxdisuunarobas); 4. registraciis gauqmebiT; likvidaciis dros, unda dasruldes mimdinare saqmeebi, yvela vali dakmayofildes. xolo, likvidaciis Sedegad darCenili qonebis ganawileba, ar SeiZleba moxdes arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris damfuZneblebs an wevrebis Soris. darCenili qoneba, unda gadaeces sxva analogiur organizacias an nebismier pirs. likvidacias axorcielebs specilurad SerCeuli piri, an organizaciis muSaki. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze, kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis safuZvelze, likvidacias axorcielebs sasamarTlos mier daniSnuli likvidatori. likvidaciis Semdgom, unda gauqmdes arasamewarmeo (arakomerciuli) iuridiuli piris registracia. detaluri informacia Tqven SegiZliaT moipovoT mewarmeTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi, saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsSi.
araregistrirebuli kavSiri (gaerTianeba) Tqven SegiZliaT imoqmedoT aseve, araregistrirebuli kavSiris, gaerTianebis saxiT. araregistrirebuli kavSiri ar aris iuridiuli piri. yvela sakiTxi, magaliTad, saqmianobis warmarTva, reorganizacia, likvidacia, filialis Seqmna, dasagegmi qmedebebi, ganisazRvreba wevrTa urTierTSeTanxmebiT. wevrTa sawevro Senatanebi da am SenatanebiT SeZenili qoneba, Seadgens araregistrirebuli kavSiris (gaerTianebis) saerTo qonebas. sazogadoebasTan urTierTobebSi, araregistrirebuli kavSiri SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos Tavisi wevrebiT an saamisod uflebamosili pirebiT. TqvenTvis sasargeblo informacia, Tqven SegiZliaT moipovoT saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsSi.
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gaxsovdeT! 1. samewarmeo da arasamewarmeo saqmianobis wesebis darRveva, pasuxismgeblobas iwvevs. amitom saWiroa, kanoniT gansazRvruli yvela wesebisa da procedurebis dacva. 2. Cveni rCeva iqneba, nebismieri proceduris dawyebamde, yovelTvis gaiaroT konsultacia rogorc iuristTan, aseve Sesabamis organoSi, risi meSveobiT moxdeba Tqveni saqmianobis daregistrireba, Semdgomi muSaoba da funqcionireba. 3. mTavaria, Tqveni saqmianobis dawyebamde, mkafiod gansazRvroT saqmianobis saxe da forma, rac sakmaod mniSvnelovania Semdgomi qmedebebis kuTxiT. 4. Tqveni saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas, SromiTi urTierTobebi ganisasazRvreba Sromis kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis dacviT.
warmatebebs gisurvebT Tqvens saqmianobaSi!
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qali da ufleba janmrTelobaze
janmrTelobis dacvis ufleba
yoveli Cvengani, cxovrebis garkveul etapze, pacienti xdeba. pacientad iTvleba nebismieri piri, dabadebidan gardacvalebamde. amdenad, mniSvnelovania vicodeT, Tu ra uflebebi da valdebulebebi gagvaCnia rogorc pacientebs, rogoria Cveni urTierToba eqimTan, samedicino dawesebulebebTan, sadazRvevo kompaniebTan.Tavdapirvelad, gavarkvioT vin CaiTvleba pacientad? saqarTvelos kanoni `pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb~, gvaZlevs pacientis gansazRvrebas: ès aris nebismieri piri, romelic miuxedavad misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobisa, sargeblobs, saWiroebs an apirebs isargeblos janmrTelobis dacvis momsaxurebiT~ (muxli 4).1 saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqes, aseve saqarTveloSi myof ucxoels da moqalaqeobis armqone pirs, ufleba aqvs, samedicino momsaxurebis yvela gamwevisagan miiRos qveyanaSi arsebuli da danergili profesiuli da samomsaxureo standartebis Sesabamisi samedicino momsaxureba. ufleba janmrTelobaze, aRiarebulia da daculia saqarTvelos konstituciiTa da moqmedi kanonebiT: `1. yvelas aqvs ufleba, isargeblos janmrTelobis dazRveviT, rogorc xelmisawvdomi samedicino daxmarebis saSualebiT. kanoniT dadgenili wesiT, gansazRvrul pirobebSi, uzrunvelyofilia ufaso samedicino daxmareba. 2. saxelmwifo akontrolebs janmrTelobis dacvis yvela dawesebulebas, samkurnalo saSualebaTa warmoebas da am saSualebebiT vaWrobas. 3. yvelas aqvs ufleba, cxovrobdes janmrTelobisTvis uvnebel garemoSi, sargeblobdes bunebrivi da kulturuli garemoTi. yvela valdebulia, gaufrTxildes bunebriv da kulturul garemos. 4. adamianis janmrTelobisTvis usafrTxo garemos uzrunvelsayofad, sazo1 miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kanonSi sxvadasxvagvarad aris ganmartebuli pacienti, yvela kanonSi mocemuli gansazRvreba Sinaarsobrivad identuria. pacienti-piri, romelic miuxedavad misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobisa, sargeblobs samedicino daxmarebiTsaqarTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. muxli 3. pacientad igulisxmeba nebismieri moqalaqe - dabadebis periodidan sicocxlis bolomde. pacienti-piri, romelsac dadgenili aqvs fsiqikuri daavadebis daignozi da mas uweven fsiqiatriul daxmarebas (kanoni fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb. muxli 2, 1p).
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gadoebis ekologiuri da ekonomikuri interesebis Sesabamisad, axlandeli da momavali Taobebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs garemos dacvasa da racionalur bunebaTsargeblobas. 5. adamians ufleba aqvs, miiRos sruli, obieqturi da drouli informacia misi samuSao da sacxovrebeli garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb~ (saqarTvelos konstituciis 37-e muxli). yovlad dauSvebelia pacientis diskriminacia rasis, kanis feris, enis, sqesis, genetikuri memkvidreobis, rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebis, erovnuli, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis, daavadebis, seqsualuri orientaciis an piraduli uaryofiTi ganwyobis gamo (kanoni pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. muxli 6). diskriminaciis akrZalva sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, niSnavs rom samedicino momsaxurebiT sargebloba SeuZliaT rogorc saqarTveloSi mcxovreb pirebs, aseve saqarTveloSi mudmivad an droebiT myof ucxoelebs, devnilebs, ltolvilebs. daavadebis mixedviT, diskriminaciis dauSvebloba gulisxmobs, rom janmrTel da daavadebul adamians, Tanabrad SeuZlia isargeblos saxelmwifoSi arsebuli jandacvis sistemiT. magaliTad, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebi, sargebloben yvela samedicino momsaxurebis gamwev dawesebulebaTa momsaxurebiT; ar SeiZleba aiv/SidsiT daavadebulTa diskriminacia samedicino momsaxurebis dros, dauSvebelia eTnikur an religiur umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebs, uari eTqvaT samedicino momsaxurebaze. dauSvebelia diskriminacia maSinac, rodesac arsebobs samedicino momsaxurebisTvis saWiro adamianTa, teqnikuri, finansuri an/da sxva resuresebis deficiti. am dros, potenciuri pacientis SerCeva xdeba mxolod samedicino kriteriumebiT, sxva faqtorebis gauTvaliswineblad, anu dauSvebelia pacientis diskriminacia. pacientis uflebebis dacvasa da eqim-pacientis urTierTobebs, saqarTveloSi, ZiriTadad aregulirebs 16 kanoni. 1. kanoni wamlisa da farmacevtuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb /17.04.1997/; 2. kanoni samedicino dazRvevis Sesaxeb /18.04.1997/; 3. kanoni fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb /30.04.1997/; 4. kanoni sisxlisa da misi komponentebis donorobis Sesaxeb /30.04.1997/;
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5. kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb /10.12.1997/; 6. kanoni saSiSi qimiuri nivTierebebis Sesaxeb /12.06.1998 _ 1.05.1999/; 7. kanoni bavSvTa bunebrivi kvebis dacvisa da xelSewyobis, xelovnuri sakvebis moxmarebis Sesaxeb /09.09.1999/; 8. kanoni adamianis organoTa gadanergvis Sesaxeb; 9. kanoni pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb /05.05.2000/; 10. kanoni aiv infeqciis/Sidsis Sesaxeb /17.10.2009/; 11. kanoni saeqimo saqmianobis Sesaxeb /26.08.2001/; 12. kanoni samedicino socialuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb /07.12.2001 _ 07.03.2002/; 13. kanoni narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis, prekursorebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb /12.05.2002 _ 23.03.2003/; 14. sanitaruli kodeqsi /08.05.2003 _ 03.06.2003/; 15. kanoni samedicino da farmacevtuli saqmianobis licenzirebis Sesaxeb /08.05.2003 _ 01.06.2003/; 16. iodis, sxva mikroelementebisa da vitaminebis deficitiT gamowveuli daavadebebis profilaqtikis Sesaxeb /25.02.05/. janmrTelobis uflebiT sargebloba, moicavs samedicino momsaxurebis Tanabrad xelmisawvdomobas, romelic xorcieldeba saxelmwifo samedicino programebis saSualebiT. kanonmdeblobiT daculia pacientis ufleba samedicino momsaxurebaze, romlis ganxorcieleba unda moxdes gadaudeblad, raTa ar dainvaliddes, gardaicvalos an mniSvnelovnad ar Seeryes janmrTeloba pacents. Tu am SemTxvevebSi, samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevs (klinikas, samSobiaros da stomatologiur ganyofilebas da sxva saxis samedicino dawesebulebas) ar gaaCnia SesaZlebloba aRmouCinos pacients saWiro daxmareba, igi valdebulia, pacients an mis naTesavs, an kanonier warmomadgenels, miawodos sruli amomwuravi informacia, Tu sad SeiZleba ganxorcieldes samedicino momsaxureba. samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevs, ufleba ar aqvs, ar aRmouCinos gadaudebeli samedicino daxmareba im pirs, romelic SesaZlebelia, same129
dicino daxmarebis aRmoCenis gareSe mokvdes, dainvaliddes an misi janmrTelobis mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad gauaresdes. es valdebuleba, samedicino personalis profesiuli movaleobebidan gamomdinareobs da agreTve, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 130-e muxlidan, romelic iTvaliswinebs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas, pacientis gansacdelSi mitovebisTvis. saxelmwifo, aseve uzrunvelyofs iSviaTi daavadebebis mqone pacientebis mkurnalobas, qveyanaSi aRiarebuli da danergili profesiuli da samomsaxureo standartebis Sesabamisi samedicino momsaxurebiT.2 pacientis uflebebi Sedgeba individualuri da koleqtiuri uflebebisgan. individualur uflebebSi igulisxmeba samedicino momsaxurebis miRebis procesSi, TiToeuli moqalaqis pirovnuli interesebis, saxeldobr misi avtonomiis, Rirsebis pativiscema, ojaxur Tu socialur mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. individualur uflebebSi moiazreba: informaciis miRebis ufleba; informirebuli Tanxmoba; piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba da konfidencialuroba; meore azris moZiebis ufleba; samedicino personalisa da samedicino dawesebulebebis arCevis ufleba.
informaciis miRebis ufleba nebismier pacients, saqarTveloSi, ufleba aqvs miiRos sruli, obieqturi, drouli da gasagebi informacia im faqtorebis Sesaxeb, romlebic xels
iSviaT daavadebebs ganekuTvneba: mwvave intermitirebad porfiria; adisonis daavadeba; alstriomis sindromi, barteris sindromi, bexCetis sindromi, uiplis daavadeba, biliaruli atrezia, konis sindromi, kronhaait-kanadis daavadeba,uSaqro diabeti, gardneris sindromi, glukoza 6 fosfatdehidrogenazis deficiti, hemoqromatozi, hemofilia, insulinoma, laimis daavdeba, fenileketonuria, homocistinuria, feoqromocitoma, vilmsis simsivne, vulgaruli ixTiozi, hipofizaruli nanizmi, mukoviscidozi. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris #199/n 2001 w. 14 maisis brZaneba.
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uwyobs misi janmrTelobis SenarCunebas an uaryofiTad moqmedebs masze. sruli informacia niSnavs, rom samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevi valdebulia, amomwuravi informacia miawodos pacients im daavadebis, an fizikuri Tu fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, romliTac daavadebulia an arsebobs imis safrTxe, rom daavaddeba pacienti an im garemoebaTa Sesaxeb, romlebmac SesaZlebelia, uaryofiTad imoqmedos masze. saqarTvelos kanoni saeqimo saqmianobis Sesaxeb, pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb, gvaZlevs im informaciis CamonaTvals, romelic unda miewodos pacients da/an mis axloblebs, misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, maT Soris: a.a) ganzraxuli profilaqtikuri, diagnostikuri, samkurnalo, sareabilitacio, paliatiuri Carevebisa da maTi alternatiuli variantebis, Tanmxlebi riskisa da efeqtianobis Sesaxeb; a.b) samedicino gamokvlevebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb; a.g) ganzraxul samedicino Carevaze, gancxadebuli uaris mosalodneli Sedegebis Sesaxeb; a.d) diagnozisa da savaraudo prognozis, agreTve mkurnalobis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb; b) janmrTelobis SenarCunebis xelSemwyobi an uaryofiTi zegavlenis momxdeni faqtorebis Sesaxeb; g) pacientisTvis saWiro samedicino momsaxurebis arsebuli saxeebisa da maTi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobaTa Sesaxeb, agreTve gaweuli Tu ganzraxuli samedicino momsaxurebis safasurisa da misi anazRaurebis wesis Taobaze (kanoni saeqimo saqmianobis Sesaxeb. muxli 39. 1p). amasTan, pirveli punqtis a-g qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul informacias, damoukidebeli saeqimo saqmianobis subieqti, pacients awvdis mxolod misi TanxmobiT, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac informaciis miuwodeblobam, SeiZleba seriozuli ziani miayenos pacientis an/da mesame piris janmrTelobas an/da sicocxles, xolo pirveli punqtis a da b qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebul informacias, damoukidebeli saeqimo saqmianobis subieqti, ar awvdis pacients, Tu arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom informaciis miwodeba seriozul zians miayenebs pacientis janmrTelobas. Tu pacienti daJinebiT moiTxovs informaciis miRebas, damoukidebeli saeqimo saqmianobis subieqti valdebulia, miawodos mas es informacia. 131
obieturi informacia gulisxmobs, rom pacients unda miewodos marTebuli swori informacia misi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, droulad da gasageb enaze anu pacientis inteleqtualuri da fizikuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT. ganmartebis micemisas, samedicino personalis mier, specialuri terminebi minimalurad unda iqnas gamoyenebuli, raTa gasagebi da naTeli gaxdes pacientisTvis informacia. pacients ufleba aqvs, samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevisgan, miiRos Semdegi saxis informacia: samedicino samsaxurebis arsebuli resursebis Sesaxeb, aseve misi miRebis saxeebis, safasurisa da anazRaurebis formebis Sesaxeb; saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiTa da samedicino dawesebulebebis SinaganawesiT gansazRvruli pacientTa uflebebisa da movaleobebis Sesaxeb; samedicino momsaxurebis arsebuli resursebisa da maTi miRebis saxeebis, safasurisa da anazRaurebis formebis Sesaxeb; ganzraxuli profilaqtikuri, diagnostikuri, samkurnalo da sareabilitacio momsaxurebis, maTi Tanmxlebi riskisa da SesaZlo efeqtianobis Sesaxeb; samedicino gamokvlevebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb; ganzraxuli samedicino momsaxurebis sxva, alternatiuli variantebis, maTi Tanmxlebi riskisa da SesaZlo efeqtianobis Sesaxeb; ganzraxul samedicino momsaxurebaze gancxadebuli uaris mosalodneli Sedegebis Sesaxeb; diagnozisa da savaraudo prognozis, agreTve mkurnalobis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb; samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevis vinaobisa da profesiuli gamocdilebis Sesaxeb (kanoni pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. muxli 18) pacients, informacia SeiZleba ar miewodos or SemTxvevaSi: 1. rodesac pacients misi janmrTelobis Sesaxeb informacia ar miewodeba sruli moculobiT an miewodeba SezRudulad, radgan arsebobs varaudi, rom sruli informaciis miwodeba, pacientis janmrTelobas seriozul zians miayenebs. pacients sruli informacia miewodeba mxolod maSin, Tu is amas daJinebiT moiTxovs. aRniSnul problemas wyvets da informaciis miwodebis moculobas adasturebs samedicino dawesebulebis eTikis komisia, xolo komisiis ar arsebobis SemTxvevaSi _ sxva eqimi. informaciis miuwodebloba an misi SezRudulad miwodeba, aucileblad unda iqnas dafiqsirebuli pacientis samedicino dokumentaciaSi. pacientis qmeduunarobis an gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis uunarobis SemTxvevaSi, misi janmrTelobis Sesaxeb, informacia miewodeba mis naTesavs an kanonier warmomadgenels. 132
2. pacients aqvs ara marto informaciis miRebis ufleba, aramed mas SeuZlia, uari Tqvas sakuTar janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli informaciis miRebaze, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca informaciis miuwodeblobam, SeiZleba seriozuli ziani miayenos pacientis an/da mesame piris janmrTelobas (magaliTad, aiv/SidsiT daavadebuli piri, gafrTxilebuli unda iqnas daavadebisa da mosalodneli Sedegebis Sesaxeb). Tavis mxriv, is valdebulia, gaafrTxilos daavadebis Sesaxeb Tavisi seqsualuri partniori. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, es piri, pasuxs agebs saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 131-e muxliT, romelic iTvaliswinebs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas, sxvisTvis Sidsis ganzrax Seyris safrTxis Seqmnaze, sxvisTvis Sidsis ganzrax Seyraze, arasrulwlovnisTvis an orsuli qalisTvis, ganzrax Sidsis Seyraze. analogiurad wydeba sakiTxi veneriuli daavadebebis ganzrax Seyrisas. sisxlis samarTlis 132-e muxlis Tanaxmad, dasjadad iTvleba aseve, gansakuTrebiT saSiSi infeqciuri daavadebebis Seyra. dasjadi qmedebaa da sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobaa gaTvaliswinebuli, sicocxlisTvis an janmrTelobisTvis safrTxis Semqmneli garemoebebis Sesaxeb informaciis damalvasa an gayalbebaze (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 247-e muxli). aseve dasjadad iTvleba SemTxvevebi, rodesac Tanamdebobis piri uars eubneba pirs, masze arsebuli informaciis (aseT informacias misi janmrTelobis Sesaxeb informaciac warmoadgens) an oficialuri dokumentebis gacnobaze, anda im dokumentebisa da/an masalebis gacnobaze, romelic uSualod Seexeba mis uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs (magaliTad, informacia wylis an sakvebis uvneblobis Sesaxeb), an aseT informacias, pirs awvdian arasrulad an damaxinjebuli formiT, rac iwvevs mniSvnelovan zians (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 167-e muxli). saxelmwifo valdebulia, informaciis wyaroebis gamoyenebiT, moqalaqeebs informacia miawodos mosalodneli safrTxisa da profilaqtikuri RonisZiebebis, aseve mkurnalobis saSualebebis Sesaxeb (magaliTad, epidemiis gavrcelebis safrTxis Sesaxeb da profilaqtikuri zomebis Taobaze). qmedunariani pacienti TviTon wyvets, Tu vis miewodos informacia misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. is asaxelebs im pirs, romelsac es informacia unda miewodos. gadawyvetileba an piris vinaoba, fiqsirdeba samedicino dokumentaciaSi. 133
pacients (iseve, rogorc mis axlobels), ufleba aqvs gaecnos samedicino Canawerebs da moiTxovos pacientis Sesaxeb arsebul informaciaSi, Sesworebebis Setana; werilobiT moiTxovos Canawerebis asli. saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis Tanaxmad, personaluri monacemebis pirad saidumloebad miCnevis sakiTxs, garda kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa (magaliTad, rodesac saxelmwifo interesebidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifo TviTon asaidumloebs raime informacias), wyvets piri, romlis Sesaxebac arsebobs es informacia (271 muxli). aseve, pacientis Sesaxeb informacia, daculi unda iqnas samedicino momsaxurebis mimwodeblis mier, xolo samedicino personalisTvis, aseTi informacia warmoadgnes profesiul saidumloebas. profesiul saidumloeobas miekuTvneba informacia, romelic warmoadgens sxvis pirad informacias, an pirisTvis cnobili gaxda profesiuli movaleobebis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT (saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi. muxli 273). sajaro dawesebuleba, romelic flobs informacias piris janmrTelobis Sesaxeb, valdebulia ar gaaxmauros piris pirad cxovrebaze mikuTvnebuli informacia, TviT am piris Tanxmobis an kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi. ufro metic, sisxlis samarTliT dasjadi qmedebaa piradi an ojaxuri informaciis saidumlos ukanonod mopoveba, Senaxva an gavrceleba. pirad informaciaSi moiazreba aseve, pacientis janmrTelobis Sesaxeb informacia (ssk 157-e muxli).
informirebuli Tanxmoba samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevi valdebulia, samedicino manipulaciebis ganxorcielebisas, miiRos pacientisgan informirebuli Tanxmoba. informirebuli Tanxmoba _ es aris pacientis, xolo misi qmeduunarobis SemTxvevaSi, naTesavis an kanonieri warmomadgenlis Tanxmoba pacientisTvis saWiro samedicino Carevis Catarebaze, misi janmrTelobisa da sicocxlisTvis am CarevasTan dakavSirebuli riskis ganmartebis Semdeg (saqarTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. muxli 3, p.`k~; saqarTvelos kanoni pacientTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb. muxli 4, p.`b~). Tanxmobis miReba aucilebelia TviT pacientisgan, xolo misi qmeduunarobis an gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis uunarobis SemTxvevaSi, 134
informirebuli Tanxmoba unda iqnas miRebuli naTesavis an kanonieri warmomadgenlisgan. informirebuli Tanxmoba, win uZRvis samedicino momsaxurebas. kanoni `pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb~, gansazRvravs im samedicino momsaxurebis sferoebs, romlis drosac aucilebelia, werilobiTi informirebuli Tanxmobis miReba: a) nebismieri qirurgiuli operacia, garda mcire qirurgiuli manipulaciebisa; b) aborti; g) qirurgiuli kontracefcia _ sterilizacia; d) magistraluri sisxlZarRvebis kaTeterizacia; e) hemodializi da peritonuli dializi; v) eqstrakorporuli ganayofiereba; z) genetikuri testireba; T) genuri Terapia; i) sxivuri Terapia; k) avTvisebiani simsivneebis qimioTerapia; l) yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi, Tu samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevi, saWirod Tvlis werilobiT informirebul Tanxmobas (kanoni pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. muxli 22). samedicino momsaxurebis gawevisas, werilobiTi informirebuli Tanxmoba aucilebelia qmeduunaro an gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars moklebuli pacientisTvis. qmedunarian pacients, ufleba aqvs TviTon gadawyvitos, miiRos Tu ara vinmem informacia misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, manve unda daasaxelos is piri, romelsac es informacia unda miewodos. pacientis es gadawyvetileba da piris vinaoba, fiqsirdeba samedicino dokumentaciaSi (kanoni pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. muxli 22). pacientma Tanxmoba unda ganacxados zepirad an werilobiT, nebismieri samedicino manipulaciis, mkurnalobis intervenciuli anu samedicino Carevis meTodebis, sareabilitacio RonisZiebebis, kvlevasa da saswavlo procesSi CarTvis dros. samedicino momsaxurebis nebismier etapze, qmedunarian da gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis unaris mqone pacients, ufleba aqvs uari ganacxados samedicino momsaxurebaze, agreTve Sewyvitos ukve dawyebuli samedicino momsaxureba. samedicino momsaxurebis Sewyvetis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, pacients unda miewodos drouli da amomwuravi informacia. Zalzed mniSvnelovania, ramdenad gasagebad ganumartavs da miawodebs informacias eqimi pacients misi daavadebis, gamokvlevisa da mkurnalobis Sesaxeb. pacientTan urTierTobisas, eqimi unda moeridos specialuri terminebis ganmartebis gareSe xmarebas. eqimma, amomwuravad da martivad unda gasces pasuxi pacientis kiTxvebs. amasTan, gasaTvaliswinebelia pacientis inteleqtualuri, asakobrivi da gonebrivi mdgomareoba.
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kanoniT, akrZalulia qmedunariani da gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis mqone pacientis nebis winaaRmdeg, samedicino momsaxurebis ganxorcieleba. pacients ufleba aqvs, mkurnalobis nebismier etapze, uari ganacxados samedicino momsaxurebis gawevis miRebaze da mkurnalobaze, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac piris mkurnalobis Sewyveta, safrTxes uqmnis sxvis sicocxles. pacients Tavidanve SeuZlia, daasaxelos im piris vinaoba, romelic miiRebs gadawyvetilebas misTvis saWiro samedicino momsaxurebis Sesaxeb. Tu qmeduunaro an gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars moklebul pacients gadaudebeli samedicino daxmareba esaWiroeba, romlis ganxorcielebis gareSe pacientis sikvdili gardauvalia (magaliTad, avtoavariis SemTxvevaSi dainvalideba; tramvis miReba samuSaoze), an janmrTelobis mdgomareobis mniSvnelovani gauareseba (magaliTad, alergiuli Soki) da misi axloblis moZieba ver xerxdeba, samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevi, Tavad iRebs gadawyvetilebas pacientis janmrTelobis interesebis Sesabamisad. Tu qmeduunaro an gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis mimRebi unarmoklebuli pacienti gadaudeblad saWiroebs samedicino momsaxurebas, xolo misi naTesavi an kanonieri warmomadgeneli, samedicino momsaxurebis winaaRmdegia (magaliTad, winaaRmdegobis mizezi SeiZleba iyos avadmyofis an misi naTesavebis religiuri mrwamsi), samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevi iRebs gadawyvetilebas, pacientis janmrTelobis interesebis Sesabamisad. samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevs (magaliTad, klinikas), ufleba aqvs gaasaCivros sasamarTloSi, qmeduunaro an gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars moklebuli pacientis naTesavis an kanonieri warmomadgenlis gadawyvetileba, Tu igi ewinaaRmdegeba pacientis janmrTelobis interesebs.3 informirebuli Tanxmoba, aucilebeli pirobaa organoTa gadanergvisas (organoTa transplantacia). ase magaliTad, qmedunarian pirs ufleba aqvs, nebayoflobiT ganacxados Tanxmoba an uari, sicocxleSive an sikvdilis Semdeg, misi organos aRebaze. Tanxmoba an uari, SeiZleba exebodes erT
3
kanoni pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. muxli 25; kanoni saeqimo saqmianobis Sesaxeb. muxli 41.
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an met organos. gadawyvetileba formdeba werilobiT da mas adasturebs samkurnalo dawesebulebis xelmZRvaneli. organoTa gadanergvaSi, monawileobas iRebs ori subieqti _ donori anu cocxali adamiani an gardacvlili, romlisganac iReben organos sxva adamianisTvis gadasanergad da recipienti, anu adamiani, romelsac mkurnalobis mizniT, gadaenerga sxva adamianis organo. unda gvaxsovdes, rom cocxali donorisgan organos aReba, sxva adamianisTvis gadasanergad, dasaSvebia mxolod sicocxlis SenarCunebis, mZime avadmyofobisgan gankurnebis, daavadebis progresirebis SeCerebis an janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis mizniT. potenciuri cocxali donorisgan informirebuli Tanxmobis misaRebad, mas unda ganemartos da misTvis gasageb enaze aexsnas: a) organos aRebisTvis saWiro operaciuli Carevis saxe, moculoba, riski, romelic mis sicocxles emuqreba, donoris janmrTelobaze operaciuli Carevis myiseuli da Soreuli, uSualo da gaSualebuli Sedegebis uaryofiTi zegavlenis SesaZlebloba; b) cocxali donorisgan aRebuli organos gadanergvis mosalodneli Sedegis _ warmatebisa Tu warumateblobis yvela SesaZlebloba; g) yvela SesaZlo garemoeba, ramac SeiZleba imoqmedos donoris gadawyvetilebaze (muxli 21). mocemuli ganmartebebi, potenciur cocxal donors, unda misces saTanado licenziis mqone eqimma sxva eqimis TandaswrebiT, romelic ar monawileobs organoebis aRebasa da gadanergvaSi (es imisTvis xdeba, rom Tavidan iqnas acilebuli subieqturi midgoma) da, amave dros, samsaxurebrivad, ar eqvemdebareba organoTa gadanergvaSi monawile eqims. donorisTvis micemuli ganmartebebi da misi informirebuli Tanxmoba, unda gaformdes kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. donors ufleba aqvs, Secvalos gadawyvetileba. gadanergvis mizniT, cocxali donori SeiZleba iyos: a) recipientis genetikuri naTesavi; recipientis meuRle, Tu qorwinebis registraciidan, gasulia aranakleb 1 weli; recipientis meuRlis Svili, deda, mama, SviliSvili, bebia, papa, da, Zma, Tu qorwinebis registraciidan, gasulia aranakleb 2 weli; b) donorisgan organos aReba xdeba jvaredini donorobis principiT. jvaredini donoroba niSnavs erTi potenciuri recipientis meuRlis, an genetikuri naTesavis romelime organos aRebas, meore potenciuri recipientisTvis gadasanergad da Sesabamisad, meore potenciuri recipientis
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meuRlis an genetikuri naTesavis imave organos aRebas, pirveli potenciuri recipentisTvis gadasanergad. es ki dasaSvebia, Tu donors organos gacemaze, gancxadebuli aqvs informirebuli Tanxmoba. organoTa gadanergvis operaciebi xorcieldeba mxolod maSin, rodesac medicinis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove donis Sesabamisi gamokvlevebiT, dadgenilia rom operaciis myiseuli an Soreuli, uSualo an gaSualebuli Sedegebi, ar warmoadgens donoris sicocxlisTvis mniSvnelovan risks da ar gamoiwvevs misi janmrTelobis mdgomareobis mkveTr gauaresebas; saTanado gamokvleviT dadgenilia, rom donori Seesabameba im kriteriumebs, romelTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia, gadanergvis mizniT, cocxali adamianisgan organos asaRebad (donori winaswar gadis gamokvlevas, is unda iyos janmrTeli da misi organoebi SeTavsebadi unda iyos recipientis organizmTan). organos asaRebad gamiznuli operacia, tardeba saTanado licenziis mqone eqimis mier da Sesabamisi licenziis mqone dawesebulebaSi. ganmarteba unda mieces aseve recipients, romelsac unda ecnobos organos gadanergviT gamowveuli Sedegebis Sesaxeb. gadanergvis mizniT, SesaZlebelia organoebi aRebuli iqnas gardacvlili piris organizmidanac. gardacvlilis organos aReba, rodesac ar arsebobs sicocxleSi gancxadebuli Tanxmobis an uaris damadasturebeli werilobiTi sabuTi, SeiZleba, Tu: a) arsebobs imis damadasturebeli faqtebi, rom organos aReba ar ewinaaRmdegeba gardacvlilis religiur rwmenas, mis eTikur principebs. gardacvlilis organos aRebis Taobaze, Tanxmobis an uaris gacxadebis ufleba gaaCniaT gardacvlili potenciuri donoris qmedunarian axloblebs: a) meuRles; b) Svils; g) mSobels; d) SviliSvils, SviliSvilis Svils; e) Zmas, das; v) Zmiswuls, diswuls; z) bebias, papas; T) biZas, deidas, mamidas; i) biZaSvils, deidaSvils, mamidaSvils. moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, Tanabari uflebis mqone ramdenime naTesavis arsebobisas, Tundac erTis mier uaris gancxadebis SemTxvevaSi, gardacvlilis organos aReba dauSvebelia. zemoaRniSnul pirebs, gardacvlilisgan organos aRebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba aqvT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu rigiT winamavali piri (pirebi), cocxali ar aris an misgan gadawyvetilebis miReba, gadanergvisTvis dasaSvebi drois ganmavlobaSi, SeuZlebelia. aseve, kanonSi CamoTvlil pirTagan, mocemuli rigiTobis mixedviT, Tu upiratesi uflebis mqone piri, Tanaxmaa gardacvlilis organos aRebaze (saqarTvelos kanoni adamianis organoTa gadanergvis Sesaxeb. muxli 9). unda gvaxsovdes, rom adamianis organoebiT vaWroba, kategoriuladaa 138
akrZaluli da iwvevs sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas, romlisTvisac gaTvaliswinebulia mkacri sasjeli.4 donoroba altruistuli moqmedebaa, ar SeiZleba adamianis organos, organos nawilis an qsovilis aReba iZulebiT. aseve nebayoflobiTia, sisxlis donoroba. saqarTvelos kanoni sisxlisa da misi komponentebis donorobis Sesaxeb, miuTiTebs rom, saqarTveloSi, donorobis ZiriTadi principia nebayoflobiToba. saqarTvelos yvela qmedunarian moqalaqes, 18-65 wlamde, SeuZlia gaxdes sisxlis donori, Tuki gaivlis samedicino Semowmebas da ar aRmoaCndeba donoris sawinaaRmdego Cvenebebi. gansxvavebiT organoTa da qsovilTa donorobisgan, moqalaqes sisxlis Cabareba SeuZlia rogorc qvelmoqmedebis, ise naTesavebisaTvis, fuladi anazRaurebiT dazRvevis, sakuTari sisxlis Senaxvis mizniT (kanoni sisxlisa da sisxlis komponentebis donorobis Sesaxeb. muxli 1). pacienti, SeiZleba saswavlo miznebiTac gamoiyenon. pacientisgan winaswari informirebuli Tanxmobis miReba maSinac aris saWiro, rodesac pacients swavlebis obieqtad gamoiyeneben. qmeduunaro an gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis unars moklebuli pacientisTvis, samedicino Carevis ganxorcieleba, misi CarTva samedicino ganaTlebasa da samecniero kvlevebis procesSi, dasaSvebia mxolod misi winaswari gacxadebuli nebis gaTvaliswinebiT, xolo Tu aseTi ar arsebobs, misi naTesavis an kanonieri warmomadgenlis informirebuli TanxmobiT (kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. muxli11). miuxedavad amisa, saswavlo mizniT pacientis gamoyenebisas, yovelTvis ar aris savaldebulo misi Tanxmobis miReba. es SesaZlebelia, moxdes Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: pacientis samedicino dokumentaciaSi arsebuli infor4
ssk iTvaliswinebs mTel rig muxlebs, romlisTvisac gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba organoTa gadanergvis sferoSi Cadenili danaSaulebisTvis. es danaSaulebia `ganzrax mkvleloba: msxverplis sxeulis organos, organos nawilis an qsovilis gadanergvis anda sxvagvarad gamoyenebis mizniT~ (ssk 109-e muxlis d); `janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba, Cadenili: msxverplis sxeulis organos, organos nawilis an qsovilis gadanergvis anda sxvagvarad gamoyenebis mizniT (ssk 117-e muxlis 7 p d qvepunqti) `1. samkurnalod, gadasanergad, eqsperimentisaTvis an samkurnalo preparatis dasamzadeblad adamianis organos, organos nawilis an qsovilis aRebis iZuleba; 2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT, orsuli qalis, arasrulwlovnis, umweo mdgomareobaSi myofis anda damnaSaveze materialurad an sxvagvarad damokidebulis mimarT~ (ssk muxli 134. adamianis organos, organos nawilis an qsovilis aRebis iZuleba) adamianis organoebiT vaWroba; igive qmedeba, Cadenili araerTgzis; Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier (ssk muxli 1351. adamianis organoebiT vaWroba).
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macia, romelic ar iZleva pacientis identifikaciis saSualebas; mkurnalobisa da diagnostikis procesSi miRebulia masala (magaliTad sisxli, qsovilebi), romliTac daculia pacientis anonimuroba. saswavlo da samecniero mizniT, pacientis informaciis gamoyenebisas, monacemebi isea warmodgenili, rom SeuZlebelia am piris amocnoba anu identificireba; informaciis gaTqmas iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba (magaliTad, pacientis Sesaxeb informaciis gacemas iTxovs procesis mwarmoebeli organoebi, sasamarTlo). samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevis mier samedicino momsaxurebaSi monawile sxva pirebisTvis, pacientis janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli konfidencialuri informaciis gamJRavneba, pacientis specialur werilobiT Tanxmobas ar moiTxovs. am dros, pacientis Tanxmoba nagulisxmebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos5 (magaliTad, mkurnali eqimis mier konsiliumis mowveva sxva eqimebis monawileobiT).
piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxebloba Cveni, rogorc pacientis piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb informacia (magaliTad, informacia genetikur daavadebaTa Sesaxeb, ojaxis wevris fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb da sxva) da piradi monacemebis (mag: raime niSani sxeulze, sxeulis nawilebis defeqti da sxva) konfidencialuroba, daculia kanoniT.6 samedicino personali da samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevi, SeboWilia saeqimo saidumloebiT, romelic gulisxmobs, rom samedicino dawesebuleba da samedicino personali, pacientis Sesaxeb informacias icavs rogorc mis sicocxleSi, ise misi gardacvalebis Semdeg (kanoni pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. muxli 27). konfidencialuri informaciis ukanonod mopoveba, Senaxva an gavrceleba-gamJRavneba, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT, danaSaulad aris aRiarebuli (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 157-e muxli). samedicino (saeqimo) saidumlo, aris eqimisa da sxva samedicino perso-
5
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saqarTvelos kanoni pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. muxli 28, me-2 punqti. medicinis muSaki da samedicino dawesebulebis yvela TanamSromeli movalea, daicvas samedicino (saeqimo) saidumlo, garda im SemTxvevebisa roca konfidencialuri informaciis gamJRavnebas moiTxovs gardacvlilis naTesavi an kanonieri warmomadgeneli, sasamarTlo, sagamoZiebo organoebi, an es aucilebelia sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad, sxvaTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dasacavad (kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. muxli 42).kanoni pacientTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb.
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nalis mier, profesiuli saqmianobis procesSi, pacientis fizikuri, fsiqikuri mdgomareobis, misi sazogadoebrivi an samsaxurebrivi saqmianobis, ojaxuri an piradi cxovrebis Sesaxeb miRebuli informacia, romelic moicavs eqimisTvis mimarTvis faqtsac, agreTve _ sikvdilis garemoebebs (kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. muxli 3,`C~p). konfidencialuri informaciis gacema, SesaZlebelia mxolod gamonaklis SemTxvevebSi, romelsac gansazRvravs kanoni. es xdeba Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: informaciis gacemaze miRebulia pacientis Tanxmoba; informaciis gaumJRavnebloba, safrTxes uqmnis mesame piris (romlis vinaoba cnobilia) sicocxles an janmrTelobas; informaciis gaumJRavnebloba, safrTxes uqmnis mesame piris (romlis vinaobac cnobilia) sicocxles an/da janmrTelobas; saswavlo an samecniero mizniT pacientis Sesaxeb informaciis gamoyenebisas, monacemebi isea warmodgenili, rom SeuZlebelia pirovnebis identifikacia; arsebobs dasabuTebuli eWvi savaldebulo aRricxvas daqvemdebarebul daavadebaze; informacia miewodeba samedicino momsaxurebis monawile sxva samedicino personals; informaciis gamJRavneba aucilebelia sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizisTvis; informaciis gamJRavnebas, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisad, moiTxoven samarTaldamcavi organoebi, an informaciis gaTqmas moiTxovs procesis mwarmoebeli organo; informacia miewodeba saxelmwifo organoebs, pacientisTvis socialuri SeRavaTebis dawesebis mizniT (kanoni pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. muxli 28; kanoni saeqimo saqmianobis Sesaxeb. muxli 48). damoukidebeli saeqimo saqmianobis subieqts, ufleba aqvs Caerios pacientis ojaxur da pirad cxovrebaSi, Tu: a) Careva aucilebelia pacientis daavadebis prevenciisTvis, diagnostikis, mkurnalobis, reabilitaciisa da paliatiuri mzrunvelobisTvis. am SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa pacientis Tanxmoba; b) Caurevloba seriozul safrTxes uqmnis pacientis ojaxis wevrebis janmrTelobas an/da sicocxles (kanoni saeqimo saqmianobis Sesaxeb. muxli 49). samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevis mier, samedicino momsaxurebaSi monawile sxva pirebisTvis (magaliTad, sxva dargis eqimi, eqTani), pacientis janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebuli konfidencialuri informaciis gamJRavnebaze, pacientis Tanxmoba nagulisxmevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. nagulisxmebi Tanxmoba _ situaciaa, rodesac pacientma mimarTa eqims samedicino daxmarebis misaRebad, xolo es ukanaskneli, miuxedavad werilobiTi an sityvieri SeTanxmebis ararsebobisa, gaesaubra mas, gasinja da a.S. am momentidan, eqims ekisreba kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgebloba 141
pacientis mimarT (saqarTvelos kanoni jandacvis Sesaxeb. muxli 3). pacientis ojaxur da pirad cxovrebaSi Careva akrZalulia, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac Careva aucilebelia pacientis diagnostikis, misi mkurnalobisa da movlisTvis. am SemTxvevaSi, Tqveni Tanxmoba aucilebelia. pirad cxovrebaSi Careva SesaZlebelia maSinac, rodesac safrTxe eqmneba pacientis ojaxis wevrTa janmrTelobas an/da sicocxles. am SemTxvevaSi, informacia unda miewodos pacientis ojaxis wevrebs (magaliTad, gadamdebi infeqciuri daavadebebis SemTxvevaSi, aiv/Sidsis daavadebisas). saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT, aiv/Sidsis ganzrax Seyris sfrTxe an Seyra, danaSaulad aris aRiarebuli (muxli 131). samedicino momsaxurebis gawevisas (magaliTad, eqoskopiis dros, samedicino gamokvlevebis Catarebisas da sxv), dasaSvebia mxolod masSi uSualod monawile pirTa daswreba, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca pacienti Tanaxmaa an moiTxovs sxva pirTa daswrebas. samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevi valdebulia, pacientis Sesaxeb mis xelT arsebuli informaciis konfidencialoba, daicvas rogorc pacientis sicocxleSi, ise misi sikvdilis Semdeg. meore azris moZiebis ufleba. pacients ufleba aqvs, meore azris mosaZieblad, daubrkoleblad mimarTos sxva eqims an samedicino dawesebulebas (kanoni pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. muxli 8). meore azri _ avadmyofobis diagnozis, prognozis, mkurnalobis optimaluri meTodis Sesaxeb im specialistis azri, romelsac pacienti mimarTavs mkurnali eqimis gverdis avliT im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi ar aris darwmunebuli diagnozisa da mkurnalobis sisworeSi, an ganzraxuli samkurnalo meTodis gamoyenebas, Tan sdevs seriozuli Sedegebi (magaliTad, damasaxiCrebeli operacia. kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. muxli 3, mp). aravis SeuZlia, pacients dauSalos meore azris moZieba da gaTvaliswineba. samedicino personalisa da samedicino dawesebulebis arCevis ufleba. yovel Cvengans, rodesac Cven gamovdivarT pacientis rolSi, ufleba gvaqvs avirCioT da nebismier dros SevicvaloT samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevi. es ki gulisxmobs, rom nebismier pacients, sakuTari Sexedulebebisamebr, SeuZlia mimarTos misTvis sasurvel, damoukidebel saeqimo saqmianobis su-
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bieqts an saxelmwifo licenziis mqone nebismier samedicino dawesebulebas. samedicino saqmianobis subieqtad CaiTvleba piri, romelsac gaaCnia umaRlesi samedicino ganaTleba da damoukidebeli saeqimo saqmianobis uflebis damadasturebeli saxelmwifo serTifikati da eweva profesiul saqmianobas, romlis Sedegebzec, is pasuxs agebs saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT (saqarTvelos kanoni saeqimo saqmianobis Sesaxeb. muxli 5, b p). samedicino dawesebuleba. samedicino dawesebuleba aris saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT daSvebuli organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis iuridiuli piri, romelic dadgenili wesiT, axorcielebs samedicino saqmianobas. samedicino dawesebulebis finansur resursebSi, samedicino saqmianobidan miRebuli nawili, Seadgens aranakleb 75%-isa, xolo mis balansze arsebuli ZiriTadi fondebis saSualo wliuri Rirebulebis aranakleb 75%-isa, dakavebulia da asrulebs Semdeg funqciebs: a) pacientis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gansazRvra; b) daavadebaTa profilaqtika an/da mkurnaloba, an/da pacientebis reabilitacia, an/da paliatiuri mzrunveloba; g) sameano saqmianoba; d) farmacevtuli saqmianoba; e) saxelmwifo sanitaruli zedamxedveloba da higienuri normireba; v) gvamis paTologiur-anatomiuri gamokvleva, sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertiza. z) epidemiologiuri kontrolis RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba (kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. muxli 53, 1 da me-3 p). samedicino saqmianobis sferoSi, Sesabamisi uflebis damadasturebel dokuments (licenzias an/da nebarTvas), gascems saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro (muxli 54). terminaluri mdgomareoba. yvela qmedunarian pirs, ufleba aqvs, winaswar, werilobiT gamoxatos neba ganukurnebeli daavadebis terminalur stadiaSi aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, misTvis sareanimacio, sicocxlis SemanarCunebeli an paliatiuri mkurnalobis, an/da paliatiuri mzrunvelobis Catarebis Sesaxeb. terminaluri mdgomareoba niSnavs ukurnebeli daavadebis sikvdiliswina stadias. adamians gansakuTrebuli mzrunveloba sWirdeba maSinac, rodesac is daavadebulia ukurnebeli daavadebiT da misi gadarCenis Sansi aRar arsebobs. aseT mdgomareobaSi pacientze mzrunvelobas, paliatiuri mzrunveloba ewodeba. paliatiuri mzrunveloba niSnavs aqtiur, mravalprofilur mzrunvelobas, romlis upirvelesi amocanaa tkivilisa da sxva paTologiuri simptomebis moxsna, avadmyofTa socialuri da fsiqologiuri daxma-
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reba, sulieri Tanadgoma. paliatiuri mzrunveloba vrceldeba im pacientebze, romlebic daavadebulni arian ukurnebeli seniT da maTi daavadeba mkurnalobas aRar eqvemdebareba. paliatiuri mzrunveloba, miznad isaxavs avadmyofTa socialur da fsiqologiur daxmarebas, sulier Tanadgomas. amgvari mzrunvelobiT, SesaZlebelia avadmyofisa da maTi ojaxis wevrebis cxovrebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba. pacients ufleba aqvs, werilobiTi formiT, winaswar gamoxatos neba (Tanxmoba an uari), ugono mdgomareobaSi aRmoCenisas an gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis unaris dakargvisas, misTvis sareanimacio, sicocxlis SemanarCunebeli an paliatiuri mkurnalobis an/da paliatiuri mzrunvelobis Catarebis Sesaxeb, Tu es garemoebebi ganpirobebulia: a) ganukurnebeli daavadebis terminaluri stadiiT; b) daavadebebiT, romlebic aucileblad gamoiwvevs mZime invalidobas (kanoni pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. muxli 24). ojaxis dagegmva. yvelas aqvs ufleba, damoukideblad gansazRvros Svilebis raodenoba da maTi dabadebis dro. saxelmwifo ar ereva ojaxis dagegmarebaSi, is mxolod uzrunvelyofs adamianis uflebebs reproduqciis sferoSi, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT. garda amisa, dasaqorwinebel da Svilis yolis msurvel wyvilebs, saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs ufaso konsultaciiT.
orsuli da meZuZuri dedebis uflebebi orsul da meZuZur dedas, ufleba aqvs, samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevisagan miiRos sruli, obieqturi, drouli da gasagebi informacia orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da loginobis periodSi dagegmili nebismieri Carevis SemTvevaSi, nayofze an axladSobilze, SesaZlo pirdapiri an iribi mavne zemoqmedebis, riskebis Sesaxeb informacia. informaciis miReba Seexeba orsulobis nebismier stadias da gulisxmobs ara mxolod orsulisa da nayofis, an axladSobilis Sesaxeb samedicino informaciis miRebas, aramed orsulobasTan dakavSirebul sxvadasxva sakiTxebs, maT Soris, finansur da momsaxurebasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebisa da vauCeriT sargeblobis Sesaxeb informacias. mSobiares ufleba aqvs, miiRos gadawyvetileba misi da nayofis samedicino momsaxurebis gawevis Sesaxeb, magram mas ar aqvs ufleba, uari Tqvas iseT samedicino momsaxurebaze, romelic uzrunvelyofs cocxali nayofis 144
dabadebas da romelic mSobiaris janmrTelobisa da sicocxlisTvis, minimaluri riskis matarebelia (kanoni pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb. muxli 36). aseve, mSobiares ar aqvs ufleba, uari Tqvas sakeisro kveTaze misi absoluturi Cvenebis SemTxvevaSi, anu iseT SemTxvevaSi, rodesac sakeisro kveTa uzrunvelyofs cocxali nayofis dabadebas da mSobiaris janmrTelobisa da sicocxlisaTvis minimaluri riskis matarebelia. mSobiares ar aqvs ufleba, uari ganacxados iseT samedicino manipulaciebze, rogoricaa perioduli gamokvlevebis Catareba, sisxlis gadasxma da sxva, rac safrTxes Seuqmnis nayofs. mSobiares, mSobiarobis procesSi, ufleba aqvs gverdiT iyolios meuRle an sxva misTvis sasurveli piri. melogine qals, ufleba aqvs, gverdiT iyolios axladSobili da sakuTari Sexedulebebisamebr kvebos (aq igulisxmeba, melogine airCevs ZuZuTi kvebas, Tu xelovnur kvebas), Tu samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevi, bavSvis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, mis sxvagan gadayvanas ar gadawyvets. saxelmwifo faravs orsulobisa da mSobiarobis xarjebs. dRevandeli monacemebiT, erTi orsulis marTvis Rirebuleba, ganisazRvreba 55 lariT. maRali riskis orsulTa, mSobiareTa da melogineTa samedicino momsaxureba, mZime SemTxvevebis dros, 200 lariT anazRaurdeba (400 lariT anazRaurdeba siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi qalebisTvis), Tanac pacientTa TanagadaxdiT. aRniSnuli momsaxurebis saSualo Rirebuleba, 833 laria. sefsisiT daavadebul melogineTa mkurnaloba ki 3000 lars Seadgens.7 sadazRvevo vauCeriT xdeba stacionaruli momsaxurebis xarjebis anazRaureba. vauCeriT ifareba garTulebul orsulobasTan, mSobiarobasTan da loginobis xanasTan dakavSirebuli Tanxebic. fiziologiuri orsulobisa da mSobiarobis xarjebi, sadazRvevo vauCeriT ifareba, romelic eZlevaT: `siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi mosaxleobis samedicino dazRvevis~, `saxalxo artistebis, saxalxo mxatvrebisa da rusTavelis premiis laureatebis janmrTelobis dazRvevis~, `kompaqtur dasaxlebebSi myof iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa samedicino dazRvevis~, saqarTvelos sajaro skolebisa da profesiuli swavlebis centrebis maswavleblebis, sajaro skolebis administraciul-teqnikuri personalisa
7
sameano momsaxurebis saxelmwifo programis farglebSi, gaTvaliswinebulia Semdegi momsaxureba: antenataluri meTvalyureoba, romelic moicavs oTx savaldebulo vizits mean-ginekologTan, laboratoriul gamokvlevebs, risk-jgufis orsulebis gamovlenas.
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da zogierTi dawesebulebis aRmzrdelTa janmrTelobis dazRvevis mizniT gadasacemi sadazRvevo vauCeris pirobebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2007 wlis, 21 noembris 256 dadgenilebebiT gansazRvrul mosargebleebs. garTulebuli orsulobisa da mSobiarobis SemTxvevaSi, samedicino momsaxureba orsuls (melogines), sameano momsaxurebis saxelmwifo programis farglebSi, ufasod utardeba. garTulebuli orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da melogineTa kritikuli mdgomareobis marTva, mxolod pirveli 6 dRis ganmavlobaSi tardeba ufasod da mkurnalobis Tanxa ifareba programis mier. aseve, ifareba sefsisiT garTulebuli mSobiarobis xarjebi. garTulebuli orsulobisa da mSobiarobis, an mZime loginobis periodis marTva, _ pacientis mxridan, 200 laris TanagadaxdiT. `siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi mosaxleobis samedicino dazRvevis~, `saxalxo artistebis, saxalxo mxatvrebisa da rusTavelis premiis laureatebis janmrTelobis dazRvevis~, `kompaqtur dasaxlebebSi myof, iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa samedicino dazRvevis~ vauCeriT, mSobiarobasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebi, 400 laris odenobiT ifareba. Tu samedicino dawesebulebaSi, mSobiarobis safasuri aRemateba vauCeriT gansazRvrul 400 lars, darCenili Tanxis dafarva, pacients Tavad mouwevs. sadazRvevo vauCeriT xdeba stacionaluri momsaxurebis xarjebis dafarva, maT Soris, vauCeriT ifareba garTulebul orsulobasTan, mSobiarobasTan da loginobis periodTan dakavSirebuli Tanxa. saxelmwifo programis farglebSi, orsuls ramdenjer ekuTvnis ufaso konsultacia? saxelmwifo programis farglebSi, orsuls ekuTvnis ufaso konsultacia 4-jer, orsulobis me-13 kviridan, orsulobis 38 kviramde. eqimTan I viziti _ orsulobis 13 kviraze; eqimTan II viziti _ orsulobis 18-20 kviraze; eqimTan III viziti _ orsulobis 30-32 kviraze; eqimTan IV viziti _ orsulobis 34-38 kviraze.
xelovnuri ganayofiereba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, nebadarTulia xelovnuri ganayofiereba, romelic xorcieldeba donoris spermis meSveobiT an eqstrakorporalu-
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rad, in-vitro (sinjaraSi) ganayofierebiT, rodesac qalis kvercxujredSi, sperma SehyavT laboratoriul pirobebSi da amis Semdeg, xdeba qalis organizmSi kvercxujredis gadanergva. ganayofierebis meTodis gamoyeneba, embrionis implantacia (gadanergva) qalis organizmSi da ganayofierebisas donoris vinaoba, samedicino saidumloebas warmoadgens da xelovnuri ganayofierebis ganmaxorcielebeli licenzirebuli samedicino dawesebuleba, Sesabamis informacias, konfidencialurad inaxavs. xelovnuri ganayofierebis mizniT, SesaZlebelia gayinvis meTodiT konservirebuli qalisa da mamakacis sasqeso ujredebis an embrionis gamoyeneba. dadgenili wesiT, konservaciis dro, ganisazRvreba wyvilis survilisamebr (saqarTvelos kanoni janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb. muxli 144). ganayofiereba, SesaZlebelia moxdes, donoris spermis meSveobiT. donoris spermiT ganayofiereba, nebadarTulia Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: uSvilobis gamo, qmris mxridan genetikuri daavadebis gadacemis riskis arsebobisas, an martoxela qalis ganayofierebisTvis, Tu miRebulia uSvilo wyvilis an martoxela qalis werilobiTi Tanxmoba. bavSvis dabadebis SemTxvevaSi, uSvilo wyvili an martoxela qali, mSoblebad iTvlebian. aqedan gamomdinare, pasuxismgeblobiT da uflebamosilebiT, ganayofierebis Sedegad dabadebuli bavSvis mamad cnobis ufleba, donors ara aqvs. eqstrakorporuli ganayofiereba nebadarTulia: uSvilobis mkurnalobis mizniT, agreTve, colis an qmris mxridan genetikuri daavadebis gadacemis riskis arsebobisas, wyvilis an donoris sasqeso ujredebis an embrionis gamoyenebiT, Tu miRebulia wyvilis werilobiTi Tanxmoba. akrZalulia sqesis SerCevis mizniT, xelovnuri Casaxvis meTodebis gamoyeneba, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca aucilebelia sqesTan SeWiduli memkvidreobiTi daavadebis Tavidan acileba. ganayofiereba tardeba mxolod saTanado licenziis mqone dawesebulebaSi da mas atarebs Sesabamisi licenziis mqone eqimi (saqarTvelos kanoni `janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~. muxli 141). surogati deda Tu qals ar aqvs saSvilosno, ganayofierebis Sedegad miRebuli embrionis sxva qalis (surogatuli dedis) saSvilosnoSi gadatanisa da gamozrdis gziT, col-qmris werilobiTi Tanxmoba aucilebelia.
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surogatoba, nebayoflobiTi da volontaruli aqtia, anu ar iTvaliswinebs raime anazRaurebas. ifareba mxolod surogati dedis samedicino gamokvlevebi da samedicino xarjebi. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom bavSvis dabadebis SemTxvevaSi, wyvili iTvleba mSoblebad. aqedan gamomdinare, pasuxismgeblobiTa da uflebamosilebiT, donors an `surogatul dedas~, dabadebuli bavSvis mSoblad cnobis ufleba ara aqvs (jandacvis Sesaxeb kanoni. muxli 143).
aborti ojaxis dagegmareba gulisxmobs ara marto Svilebis gaCenisa da maTi dabadebis drois gansazRvras, aramed abortsac. aborti orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetas niSnavs. 1955 wlidan, saqarTveloSi, aborti legalizebulia. qalTa janmrTelobis dacva, abortebis Semcirebis gziT, saxelmwifos prioritetuli amocanaa. orsulobis nebayoflobiTi Sewyveta, nebadarTulia mxolod licenzirebul samedicino dawesebulebaSi, licenzirebuli eqimis mier, Tu: a) orsulobis xangrZlivoba ar aRemateba Tormet kviras; b) orsuls, samedicino dawesebulebaSi, Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba da gasaubrebidan operaciamde, gasulia sami dRis mosafiqrebeli vada. gasaubrebis dros, eqimma upiratesoba unda mianiWos nayofis sicocxlis dacvas. arCevani _ qalis prerogativaa. Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis orsulobis SemTxvevaSi, aborti nebadarTulia mxolod samedicino (magaliTad, nayofis janmrTelobisa da sicocxlisunarianobis gaTvaliswinebiT) da socialuri Cvenebebis mixedviT (magaliTad, iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac orsuloba Zaladobis Sedegia). samedicino Cvenebebis CamonaTvals adgens saqarTvelos janmrTelobis dacvis saministro. aralicenzirebul dawesebulebaSi, aralicenzirebuli eqimis mier, abortis ganxorcieleba, ukanono abortad iTvleba da saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 133-e muxliT, dasjad qmedebad cxaddeba. aseve, akrZalulia abortis reklama.
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qali da Sidsi
aiv/Sidsi, XX saukunis erT-erT umZimes daavadebas warmoadgens. SeZenili imunodeficitis sindromi (Sidsi), infeqciuri daavadebaa, romelsac iwvevs adamianis imunodeficitis virusi (aiv-HIV/AIDS). daavadebas, aseve ewodeba adamianis imunodeficitis virusiT infeqcia (aiv infeqcia). sakuTriv, terminiT `Sidsi~, aRiniSneba aiv infeqciis ganviTarebis bolo stadia, rodesac avadmyofs uviTardeba daavadebis klinikuri niSnebi. aiv infeqcia /Sidsi Tavisi gavrcelebis xasiaTiT, mimdinareobiTa da SedegebiT, gansakuTrebiT saSiS infeqciaTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba.
gaxsovdeT! Sidsi ar gadadis haerwveTovani gziT, nerwyviT, xvelebiT, daceminebiT, xelis CamorTmeviT, saerTo tualetiTa da abazaniT, saerTo WurWliT... ar aris saSiSi aiv inficirebulTan erTad yofna sazogadoebriv adgilebSi. virusi ar gadadis mwerebisa da cxovelebis saSualebiT.
Sidsis virusi gadaecema mxolod sqesobrivi gziT, inficirebulis sisxlTan an misi calkeuli komponentebis gadasxmiT, organoTa transplantaciis dros, aiv inficirebulis sisxliT dabinZurebuli Spricis, nemsisa da sxva samedicino instrumentebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi; inficirebuli dedisgan nayofze, an axladSobilze mucladyofnis periodSi, mSobiarobis an ZuZuTi kvebis dros. aiv inficirebis/SidsiT daavadebulTa uflebebsa da interesebs, aregulirebs saqarTvelos 2009 wlis kanoni àiv infeqcia/Sidsis Sesaxeb~. aiv/ inficirebuli/SidsiT daavadebul pirTa, rogorc pacientis Sesaxeb, saubaria saqarTvelos kanonSi `janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~ da saqarTvelos kanonSi `pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb~. saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs aiv/Sidsze ufaso gamokvlevas. am uflebiT sargebloben rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi, ise saqarTveloSi mudmivad an droebiT myofi pirebi, aseve ucxoelebi da moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi. amgvari gamokvlevebi, nebayoflobiTia. gamokvleva-testireba aiv infeqciaze, tardeba pirisgan nebayoflobiTi informirebuli Tanxmobis miRebis
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Semdeg, garda gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa, rodesac aiv infeqciaze testireba savaldebuloa. im pirTa nusxas, Tu vin unda gaiaros savaldebulo testireba, gansazRvravs kanoni aiv infeqcia/Sidsis Sesaxeb. es pirebia: a) sisxlisa da sisxlis komponentebis donorebi; b) organoebisa da organoTa nawilebis donorebi; g) qsovilebis donorebi; d) kvercxujredisa da spermis donorebi (muxli 6). samedicino dawesebuleba uflebamosilia, axladSobils, mSoblis Tanxmobis gareSe, Cautaros testireba aiv infeqciaze. kanoni gansazRvravs amgvar SemTxvevebs: Tu mSoblis aiv statusi ucnobia; mSobeli uars acxadebs testirebaze; arsebobs safuZvliani eWvi, misi inficirebulobis Sesaxeb. Sidsze Semowmeba anonimuria. `janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~, `pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb~ da àiv/Sidsis Sesaxeb~ kanonebis Sesabamisad, samedicino klinika, romelic axorcielebs aiv inficirebulTa/SidsiT daavadebulTa diagnostikas, mkurnalobas, profilaqtikas, mxardaWeras/xelSewyobas an/da movlas, valdebulia daicvas konfidencialuroba piris aiv inficirebis/SidsiT daavadebis Sesaxeb. aseTive valdebuleba gaaCniaT iuridiul da fizikur pirebs. es informacia daculia, rogorc daavadebulis sicocxleSi, ise misi sikvdilis Semdeg. kanoni àiv/Sidsis Sesaxeb~, gansazRvravs im SemTxvevebs, rodesac daSvebulia momsaxurebis mimwodebeli dawesebulebis mier, aiv inficirebulis/SidsiT daavadebulis Sesaxeb, konfidencialuri informaciis gamJRavneba: a) Tu aiv inficirebulisgan/SidsiT daavadebulisgan, miRebulia informirebuli Tanxmoba; b) Tu arsebobs aiv inficirebulis/SidsiT daavadebulis winaswar gancxadebuli werilobiTi Tanxmoba, misi gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, informaciis gacemis Sesaxeb. momsaxurebis mimwodebeli dawesebuleba, valdebulia aiv inficirebuls/SidsiT daavadebuls, mosTxovos informacia im pirTa (sqesobriv 150
partniorTa) Sesaxeb, romlebTanac mas hqonda epidemiologiuri TvalsazrisiT, riskis Semcveli kontaqti. Tuki SidsiT daavadebuli ar amxels am pirTa vinaobas, am pirebis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi, samedicino dawesebuleba, Tavad miawvdis informacias daavadebulis janmrTelobis Sesaxeb. Tu samedicino Semowmebisas, pirs aRmoaCnda aiv/Sidsi, janmrTelobis dacvis organoebi da dawesebulebebi, daavadebuls, werilobiTi formiT Seatyobineben informacias im RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb, romliTac SesaZlebelia daavadebis gavrcelebis Tavidan acileba. aiv daavadebuli piri, xelmoweriT adasturebs, rom gaecno aRniSnul wesebs. Tu aiv inficirebuli/SidsiT daavadebuli mcirewlovania, fsiqikurad daavadebulia an sxva gansakuTrebuli mizezis gamo, piradad ver axerxebs daavadebis gavrcelebis Tavidan acilebis RonisZiebaTa ganuxrel dacvas, werilobiTi Setyobineba unda gaegzavnos mis meurves an pirs, romelic kisrulobs pasuxismgeblobas aiv inficirebulis/SidsiT daavadebulis moqmedebisTvis. saqarTvelos kanoni `pacientTa uflebebis Sesaxeb~, iTvaliswinebs pacientis uflebas, uari ganacxados daavadebis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebaze. magram, pacienti am uflebas ver gamoiyenebs im SemTxvevebSi, roca informaciis miuwodeblobam, SeiZleba seriozuli ziani miayenos pacientis an/da mesame piris janmrTelobas an/da sicocxles (muxli 20). aseT SemTxvevebs miekuTvneba aiv/Sidsis daavadebac. aiv inficirebuli/SidsiT daavadebuli, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, pasuxs agebs sxva pirisTvis Sidsis Seyris safrTxis SeqmnisTvis da Sidsis gadacemisTvis. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 131-e muxlis Tanaxmad: 1. sxvisTvis Sidsis ganzrax Seyris safrTxis Seqmna, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT samidan xuT wlamde. am muxlis meore nawiliT, ganzrax Seyra, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT oTxidan Svid wlamde. 3. sxvisTvis Sidsis gaufrTxileblobiT Seyra profesiuli movaleobis Sesrulebisas, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT oridan xuT wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT, vadiT sam wlamde. 4. am muxlis pirveli, me-2 an me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli qmedeba, Cadenili: a) ori an meti piris mimarT; b) damnaSavisTvis winaswari SecnobiT, orsuli qalis an arasrulwlovnis mimarT, _ isjeba Tavisufle-
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bis aRkveTiT, vadiT xuTidan cxra wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT, vadiT sam wlamde. kanonmdeblobiT, akrZalulia aiv/SidsiT daavadebulis diskriminacia. saqarTvelos kanoni `janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~, imperatiulad krZalavs yoveli formis diskriminacias, maT Soris, daavadebis mixedviTac. amgvari akrZalva, aiv inficirebulebsac SeexebaT. àr daiSveba pacientis diskriminacia rasis, kanis feris, enis, sqesis, aRmsareblobis, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebis, erovnuli, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis, daavadebis, seqsualuri orientaciis an piraduli uaryofiTi ganwyobis gamo~ (muxli 6). dauSvebelia aiv inficirebulTa/SidsiT daavadebulTa samoqalaqo, politikuri, socialuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis SezRudva mxolod aiv dadebiTi statusis safuZvelze, garda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa. unda aRiniSnos, rom saxelmwifo afinansebs specialur programebs, aiv inficirebulTa/SidsiT daavadebulTa adreuli gamovlenisa da mkurnalobis xarjebs. saxelmwifo programis farglebSi Sedis: a) aiv-infeqciis/Sidsze maRali riskis jgufis pirTa konsultireba da testireba; b) daavadebulTa uzrunvelyofa ambulatoriuli da stacionaruli momsaxurebiT (romelic moicavs aRniSnuli daavadebis dros, Tanmxlebi daavadebebis laboratoriul-instrumentul diagnostikas da mkurnalobas). aiv infeqciis/Sidsis adreuli gamovlenisa da mkurnalobis saxelmwifo programa, miznad isaxavs aiv infeqciis/Sidsis axali SemTxvevebis droulad gamovlenas; aiv infeqciis/Sidsis gavrcelebis Seferxebas da aiv infeqciiT/SidsiT daavadebulTaTvis, mkurnalobis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofas. programiT gaTvaliswinebuli momsaxurebis moculoba, moicavs Semdeg RonisZiebebs: 1.aiv infeqciaze/Sidsze maRali riskis jgufis pirTa nebayoflobiT konsultirebas da kvlevas, romelic gulisxmobs: a) maRali riskis jgufis pirTa gamokvlevas aiv infeqciaze/Sidsze, skrininguli meTodebiT; b) maRali riskis jgufis pirTa konsultirebas aiv infeqciaze/Sidsze; g) aiv infeqciaze/Sidsze saeWvo SemTxvevebis gamokvlevas konfirmaciuli meTodebiT. 152
aiv infeqciiT/SidsiT daavadebulTa uzrunvelyofas ambulatoriuli momsaxurebiT, romelic gulisxmobs: a) eqimTan pirvel vizits; b) eqimTan ganmeorebiT vizits; g) oportunistuli infeqciebis mkurnalobas; d) instrumentul diagnostikas; e) eqimis vizits pacientTan. aiv-infeqciiT/SidsiT daavadebulTa mkurnalobiT, romelic gulisxmobs: uzrunvelyofas stacionaruli
a) Sidsis indikatoruli daavadebebis laboratoriul-instrumentul diagnostikas da mkurnalobas; b) aiv-infeqciis/Sidsis Tanmxlebi daavadebebis (mag: RviZlis ukmarisoba da a.S) laboratoriul-instrumentuli diagnostika da mkurnaloba, anazRaurdeba srulad (ar iTvaliswinebs Tanagadaxdas pacientis mxridan).
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa uflebebi

saqarTvelos konstitucia, aRiarebs pirovnebis Tavisufali ganviTarebis uflebas (muxli 16) da adamianis pativsa da Rirsebas, xelSeuval uflebad acxadebs (muxli 17). adamianis uflebebi da interesebi, daculia imis miuxedavad, adamiani janmrTelia Tu SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone piria (SSmp). saxelmwifo icavs yvela moqalaqis uflebas, imis miuxedavad, piri janmrTelia Tu fizikuri an fsiqiuri problemebi gaaCnia. vin CaiTvleba fizikurad SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirad? es aris adamiani, romelsac daavadebis, travmis, gonebrivi Tu fizikuri defeqtis Sedegad, janmrTelobis met-naklebad moSlis gamo, darRveuli aqvs organizmis sasicocxlo funqciebi, rac ganapirobebs profesiuli Sromis unaris srul, an nawilobriv dakargvas, anda yofa-cxovrebis arsebiT gaZnelebas, rasac igi mihyavs qmedobaunarianobis droebiT an mudmiv SezRudvamde da socialuri dacvis saWiroebamde.8 SSmp uflebebi, daculia saqar8
saqarTvelos kanoni samedicino-socialuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb, muxli 3 `g~.
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Tvelos konstituciiT, kanoniT `samedicino-socialuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb~ da saqarTvelos kanoniT `fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb~, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT da administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsiT, samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsiT. simZimisda mixedviT, qmedobaunarianobis SezRudva, sxvadasxva xarisxisaa: a) msubuqad gamoxatuli; b) zomierad gamoxatuli; g) mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli; d) mkveTrad gamoxatuli. qmedobaunarianobis SezRudvis simZimis mixedviT, dgindeba mkveTrad, mniSvnelovnad da zomierad gamoxatuli SesaZleblobis SezRudvis statusi. 9 18 wlis asakis miRwevamde, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirs, miniWebuli aqvs kategoria _ SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis mqone bavSvi. SesaZlebobis SezRudvis statuss adgens samedicino-socialur eqspertiza da mas atarebs eqimi-eqsperti. es aris saxelmwifo serTifikatis mflobeli eqimi, romelsac samedicino-socialur eqspertizaSi, specialuri codna gaaCnia. samedicino-socialuri eqspertiza, licenzirebul samedicino dawesebulebaSi tardeba. SesaZleblobis SezRudva, aris daavadebis, travmis, anatomiuri an gonebrivi defeqtis Sedegad gamowveuli adamianis janmrTelobis moSla, organizmis funqciis myari darRveviT. adamianis aseTi mdgomareoba, ganapirobebs qmedobaunarianobis droebiT, an mudmiv SezRudvas, ris gamoc, saWiro xdeba misi socialuri dacva. samedicino dawesebuleba, atarebs piris SesaZleblobis SezRudvis statusis periodul gadamowmebas: a) qmedobaunarianobis zomierad an mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRudvis dros, _ weliwadSi erTxel; b) qmedobaunarianobis mkveTrad gamoxatuli SezRudvis dros, _ or weliwadSi erTxel (saqarTvelos kanoni, samedicino-socialuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb. muxli 1, 1p.a da b). magram, SesaZlebelia, pirs SesaZleblobis SezRudvis statusi, gadamowmebis gareSe (uvadod) daudgindes. uvadod, ststusi daudgindebaT:
9
pirs, romlis mdgomareoba ar gaumjobesebula, miuxedavad sarea-
www.ssa.gov.ge
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bilitacio RonisZiebebisa samedicino dawesebulebaSi, aranakleb 5 wlis dakvirvebis Semdeg; pirs, romelsac aReniSneba organoebisa da mTeli organizmis mdgomareobis Seuqcevadi cvlilebebi da fuqnciuri darRvevebi; samxedro valdebulebis moxdis dros, miRebuli tramvis an daavadebebis mqone pirs; samxedro an samoqalaqo birTvuli obieqtis avariis Sedegad, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone mamakacs, 55 wlis asakis zeviT da qals, _ 50 wlis asakis zeviT; pirs, romelic daavadda sxivuri daavadebiT (asakis miuxedavad), Cernobilis atomuri eleqtroenergiisa da samxedro an samoqalaqo birTvuli obieqtis avariis Sedegad da gaxda SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone piri; sapensio asaks gadacilebul pirs, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca aRiniSneba keTilsaimedo klinikuri prognozi, roca saxezea organizmis sistemebisa da organoTa aramyari, Seqcevadi morfologiuri cvlilebebi da funqciuri darRvevebi, magram reabilitaciuri RonisZiebebis CatarebiT, SesaZloa dadebiTi efeqtis miRweva; pirs, daudgindeba anatomiuri an gonebrivi defeqtebi (kanoni samedicino-socialuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb. muxli 14).
SezRudulobis xarisxis mixedviT, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebs, eZlevaT I, II an III xarisxis SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusi (garda bavSvobidan invalidobisa da omisa da samxedro Zalebis veteranebisa, romlebsac III xarisxis SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis statusi gaaCniaT).10 SezRudvis SesaZleblobis xarisxis dadgenisas, SSmp-s, organoTa darRveuli funqciebis sakompensacio, damxmare, sayofacxovrebo da reabilitaciis teqnikuri saSualebebi gadaecema. magaliTad, oTaxis savarZeli-etli; specializebuli (xeliT, an erTi xeliT da erTi fexiT samarTavi) avto-moto transporti, yursasmeni aparati da sxva.11
10 11
www.ssa.Gov.ge saqarTvelos, Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministries brZaneba #1\n. 2003 wlis 13 ianvari. Tbilisi. SesaZleblobis SezRudvis statusis gansazRvris wesis Sesaxeb, instruqciis damtkicebis Taobaze.
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Tu SezRuduli SesaZleblobis gamo, pensia eniSneba 18 wlis zeviT pirs, saWiroa wardgenili iqnas Semdegi dokumentebi: gancxadeba; piradobis mowmoba, aslTan erTad; samedicino dawesebulebis mier gacemuli, samedicino-socialuri eqspertizis Semowmebis aqtis amonaweri (dedani); pensiis odenoba, I xarisxis SSmp-sTvis, amJamad ganisazRvreba 80 lariT; xolo II da III xarisxis SSmp-sTvis, _ 70 lariT. Tu pensia eniSneba 18 wlis asakamde arasrulwlovans, wardgenili unda iqnas Semdegi sabuTebi: gancxadeba; mSoblis (meurvis) piradobis mowmoba da bavSvis dabadebis mowmoba da asli; samedicino dawesebulebis mier gacemuli, samedicino-socialuri eqspertizis Semowmebis aqtis amonaweri.
pensiis odenoba, dRevandeli monacemebiT, 70 laria. gadawyvetileba pensiis daniSvnis Sesaxeb, socialuri momsaxurebis saagentos12 raionul ganyofilebaSi gancxadebis Setanidan, 15 samuSao dRis vadaSi miiReba. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis pirTa uflebebis dacva, uzrunvelyofili unda iqnas yvela sferoSi. kerZod, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT, dasjadia SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone piris uflebebis SezRudva (ssk muxli 1422). saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, daculia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis pirTa uflebebi arCevnebis dros. kerZod, saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsis 54-e muxlis Tanaxmad, mxedvelobis gamo SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone amomrCevlebisTvis, centraluri saarCevno komisia, uzrunvelyofs specialuri teqnologiiT dabeWdili (brailis Srifti) biuletenebis gamoyenebas. fsiqiurad daavadebul pirTa uflebebis dacva, garantirebulia saqar12
amJamad, socialuri momsaxurebis saagento gauqmebulia da mimdinareobs reorganizacia
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Tvelos kanoniT, fsiqiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb (2006 w.), samoqalaqo samarTlis kodeqsiTa da sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT. fsiqiurad daavadebul pirs, mTeli rigi uflebebi gaaCnia: a) isargeblos humanuri mopyrobiT, romelic gamoricxavs misi Rirsebis Semlaxav yovelgvar moqmedebas; b) isargeblos Sesabamisi mkurnalobiT, SeZlebisdagvarad, Tavis sacxovrebel adgilTan axlos; g) miiRos Tavisi daavadebisa da ganzraxuli fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb sruli, obieqturi, drouli da gasagebi informacia; d) Tu pacienti qmeduunaroa, an mas ara aqvs gacnobierebuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis unari, informacia miewodeba pacientis kanonier warmomadgenels, xolo misi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, _ naTesavs; e) gaecnos mis Sesaxeb arsebul samedicino dokumentacias; v) uari Tqvas mkurnalobis Catarebaze, garda mkurnalobis fizikuri SezRudvis meTodebis gamoyenebisas an/da aranebayoflobiTi stacionaruli fsiqiatriuli daxmarebisas.13 z) isargeblos damcvelis momsaxurebiT; T) isargeblos socialuri dacviT; i) miiRos ganaTleba, gaiaros profesiuli momzadeba da gadamzadeba; k) isargeblos saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva uflebebiTa da TavisuflebebiT da sxva (saqarTvelos kanoni `fsiqiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb.~ muxli 5). fsiqiurad daavadebuli piri, iseTive pacientia, rogorc sxva, janmrTeli pirebi. mas iseTive uflebebi gaaCnia, rogorc Cveulebriv pacients. pacientis damcvels an/da kanonier warmomadgenels, ufleba aqvs gaecnos pacientis Sesaxeb arsebul nebismier samedicino dokumentacias da moiTxovos misi aslebi.
fsiqiurad daavadebuli piris qmeduunarod aRiareba fsiqiurad daavadebuli piris qmeduunarod aRiarebis ufleba, mxolod sasamarTlos gaaCnia. qmeduunarod miiCneva piri, romelic Wkuasustobis an suliT avadmyofobis gamo, sasamarTlos mier, aseTad iqneba aRiarebuli. am piris uflebebs, misi kanonieri warmomadgeneli (meurve) axorcielebs
13
Tu pacienti qmeduunaroa an asaki ar aRemateba 16 wels, mkurnalobis Catarebaze gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba aqvs pacientis kanonier warmomadgenels an mis naTesavs (Tu ar arsebobs kanonieri warmomadgeneli). gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi, aucilebelia pacientis monawileoba misi asakisa da fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
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(saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi. muxli 12. p.5). sasamarTlos mimarTavs fsiqiatriuli dawesebulebis administracia, Tuki eqim-fsiqiatrTa komisia miiCnevs, rom pacients, fsiqikuri aSlilobis gamo, ar SeuZlia gaaTviTcnobieros Tavisi moqmedeba da Seignos misi mniSvneloba. sasamarTloSi mimarTvis faqti, dauyovnebliv unda ecnobos pacientis kanonier warmomadgenels, xolo misi ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, _ naTesavs. qmeduunarod aRiarebuli piris gankurnebis an janmrTelobis mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesebis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo aRiarebs mas qmedunarianad (saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi. muxli 12. p.6).
fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis saxeebi kanoniT, gansazRvrulia pacientis fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis ramdenime saxe: ambulatoriuli da stacionaruli. licenzirebuli ambulatoriuli14 fsiqiatriuli dawesebuleba, axorcielebs pacientis pirvelad fsiqiatriul gamokvlevas, mkurnalobas da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, masze meTvalyureobas. ambulatoriul fsiqiatriul dawesebulebaSi, nebayoflobiT mimarTvisas, _ pacients, xolo misi qmeduunarobis SemTxvevaSi, an Tu pacientis asaki ar aRemateba 16 wels, _ kanonier warmomadgenels ufleba aqvs: a) sakuTari surviliT airCios fsiqiatriuli dawesebuleba da eqimi; b) Tavisi surviliT, nebismier etapze, Sewyvitos gamokvleva an/da mkurnaloba. ambulatoriul fsiqiatriul dawesebulebaSi moTavseba, SeiZleba ganxorcieldes aranebayoflobiTac. aseT SemTxvevaSi, pacients aTavseben stacionaruli mkurnalobisTvis, fsiqiatriul dawesebulebaSi. es faqti, unda ecnobos pacientis kanonier warmomadgenels, xolo aseTis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, _ naTesavs. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ambulatoriuli fsiqiatriuli dawesebulebis administracia, daxmarebisTvis mimarTavs Sesabamis samarTaldamcav organoebs. stacionaruli fsiqiatriuli daxmareba nebayoflobiTia, garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac stacionarSi myofi pacientis mimarT, fizikuri
14
ambulatoriuli samkurnalo-profilaqtikuri dawesebuleba, romelic samedicino daxmarebas uwevs rogorc momsvlel, ise binaze myof avadmyofebs.
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SezRudvis meTodebi da aranebayoflobiTi stacionaruli fsiqiatriuli daxmareba gamoiyeneba. fsiqiatriuli daxmareba, pacients gaeweva licenzirebul stacionarul dawesebulebaSi. stacionarSi moTavsebul pacients, ufleba aqvs: a) miiRos da gagzavnos werili, gzavnili, Semowmebis gareSe; b) stacionaris Sinaganawesis Tanaxmad, isargeblos telefoniT da sxva sakomunikacio saSualebebiT; g) miiRos mnaxveli, amisTvis gansazRvrul dros da adgilze, mesame piris daswrebis gareSe; d) xanmokle vadiT datovos stacionari, stacionaridan gaweris gareSe, misi fsiqikuri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT; e) SeiZinos da iqonios pirveladi moxmarebis sagnebi; v) Seasrulos religiuri rituali, Tu igi ar laxavs sxvaTa uflebebs; z) miiRos audio-vizualuri informacia; T) monawileoba miiRos stacionarSi gamarTul sportul da kulturul RonisZiebebSi; i) isargeblos sxva uflebebiT (muxli 15). eqims ufleba aqvs, gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, usafrTxoebis mizniT, SezRudos pacientis zemoT aRniSnuli uflebebi, rac fiqsirdeba samedicino dokumentaciaSi. akrZalulia pacientis dasjis an daSinebis mizniT, fizikuri SezRudvis meTodebis an medikamentebis gamoyeneba. saqarTveloSi, moqmedebs fsiqiatriuli momsaxurebis saxelmwifo programa, romliTac sargebloben saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi, xolo stacionaruli15 aranebayoflobiTi moTavsebisas, am programiT sargebloben, rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi, ise ucxoelebi da saqarTveloSi mudmivad mcxovrebi moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi. saxelmwifo programiT gaTvaliswinebulia ambulatoriuli momsaxureba, romelSic Sedis ojaxis/ubnis eqimis momsaxureba; ojaxis eqimis/ubnis eqimis mimarTviT gadagzavnili pacientis momsaxureba; ambulatoriul fsiqiatriul aRricxvaze ayvanili pacientis momsaxureba.16
15
stacionaruli mkurnaloba _ savadmyofoSi mkurnaloba. ambulatoriuli mkurnalobisagan gansxvavebiT, mwoliare avadmyofis mkurnaloba. dawvrilebiTi informacia fsiqiatriuli momsaxurebis saxelmwifo programis Sesaxeb SegiZliaT ix. www.moh.gov.ge
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socialuri uzrunvelyofa
socialuri daxmarebebi
yvela adamians gaaCnia socialuri uflebebi _ ganaTlebis, Sromis, socialuri-uzrunvelyofis, jandacvisa da sxva. saqarTvelos konstituciis preambulaSi, pirdapiraa miTiTebuli, rom saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa `...uryevi nebaa, daamkvidron demokratiuli sazogadoebrivi weswyobileba, ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, socialuri da samarTlebrivi saxelmwifo..~. socialuri saxelmwifos safuZvelia, moqalaqeTa socialuri Tanasworuflebianobis damyareba, rac miiRweva sxvadasxva saxelmwifo programebis realizaciiT. socialuri uflebebis realizacia xdeba TandaTan, saxelmwifos resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mTavaria, saxelmwifom Seqmnas yvela piroba da uzrunvelyos socialurad daucvel pirTa uflebebis dacva. saqarTveloSi, socialurad daucveli fenebis uflebebi da interesebi, daculia kanoniT `socialuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ (2006 w). es kanoni, awesrigebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze, socialuri daxmarebis miRebasTan dakavSirebul urTierTobebs, gansazRvravs socialuri daxmarebis sferoSi uflebamosil administraciul organoebs, adgens socialuri daxmarebis saxeebsa da misi daniSvnis ZiriTad principebs. yvela pirs, vinc socialur daxmarebas iRebs, beneficiari ewodeba. socialuri daxmarebis saxeebi kanoniT, gaTvaliswinebulia fuladi socialuri daxmarebis ramdenime saxe: saarsebo Semweoba _ es fuladi Semwmeobis iseTi saxea, romelic gankuTvnilia Sefasebis sistemiT identificirebuli Rataki ojaxebis socialurekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisTvis. sayofacxovrebo subsidia _ sayofacxovrebo subsidia, aris fuladi socialuri daxmareba, romelic gankuTvnilia, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvrul, socialur kategorias mikuTvnebul pirTaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli sayofacxovrebo-komunaluri momsaxurebisa da sxva xarjebis asanazRaureblad. 161
reintegraciis Semweoba _ reintegraciis Semweoba, aris fuladi socialuri daxmareba, romelic miecema specialuri mzrunvelobis saWiroebis mqone piris biologiur ojaxs, meurves (mzrunvels), romelic am pirs, specializebuli dawesebulebidan, gaiyvans ojaxur garemoSi sacxovreblad da mas saTanado mzrunvelobas gauwevs. mindobiT aRzrdis anazRaureba _ mindobiT aRzrdis anazRaureba, aris fuladi socialuri daxmareba, romelic miecema dedobils/mamobils Svilobilis mosavlelad da aRsazrdelad. srulwlovanze, ojaxuri mzrunvelobis anazRaureba _ srulwlovanze ojaxuri mzrunvelobis anazRaureba, aris fuladi socialuri daxmareba, romelic miecema pirs, romelic srulwlovans, specializebuli dawesebulebidan, gaiyvans ojaxur garemoSi sacxovreblad da gauwevs mas saTanado mzrunvelobas. (kanoni `socialuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb~. muxli 6; muxli 7). mindobis aRzrdisas, dedobili/mamobili, iRebs janmrTeli bavSvisTvis 200 lars daxmarebas, xolo SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvisTvis, _ 300 lars. gaiTvaliswineT, rom Tu Tqven miekuTvnebiT socialurad daucvel ojaxTa ricxvs, Tqven TviTon irCevT fuladi socialuri daxmarebis saxes. magaliTad, Tu iRebT devnilTa yovelTviur daxmarebas, Tqven SegiwydebaT es daxmareba saojaxo daxmarebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi. saxelmwifo adgens socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa bazas. imisTvis, rom Tqven moxvdeT am monacemTa bazaSi, unda gaiaroT registracia. socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi registraciiaTvis, ojaxis qmedunarianma, srulwlovanma wevrma an kanonierma warmomadgenelma, unda Seavsos ganacxadi. ganacxadis Sevsebisas, unda warmoadginoT Semdegi dokumentebi: ojaxis srulwlovani wevrebis piradobis mowmobebi. saqarTvelos moqalaqis pasportebi an binadrobis mowmobebi; ojaxis arasrulwlovan pirTa dabadebis mowmobebi; meurveobis an mzrunvelobis damadasturebeli dokumenti, an notariulad damowmebuli rwmuneba (Tu ganmcxadebeli ar aris ojaxis wevri). Tu ojaxis wevrebs SezRuduli aqvT gadaadgilebis ufleba, masTan miva 162
socialuri momsaxurebis saagentos warmomadgeneli1 da masTan erTad Seavsebs òjaxis deklaracias~. ojaxis uflebamosili warmomadgeneli, xels awers deklaracias. swored deklaraciis safuZvelze xdeba sareitingo qulebis miniWeba (sareitingo qula ar unda aRematebodes 57 000). qulebis miniWebis safuZvelze, ojaxs eZleva `socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi, registraciis mowmoba~. saarsebo Semweobas, beneficiari, im wuTSive ar iRebs. daxmarebas miiRebs, sareitingo qulis ZalaSi Sesvlis, meoTxe Tves. fuladi socialuri daxmarebis gaangariSebisas, ar iqnebian gaTvaliswinebuli ojaxis is wevrebi, romlebic miuxedavad imisa, rom arian monacemTa bazaSi registrirebulni, socialuri daxmarebis daniSvnisTvis arian: sasjelaRsrulebiT dawesebulebaSi myofi piri/pirebi, romelTac sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze, SeefardaT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa; gagzavnilni arian iZulebiT mkurnalobaze; imyofebian vadian samxedro samsaxurSi; gasuli arian qveynidan, 3 Tveze meti vadiT; piri, romelic imyofeba moxucTa TavSesafarSi, bavSvTa saxlSi, fsiqiatriul dawesebulebaSi, an winaswar patimrobaSi da mis mimarT, kanonier ZalaSi ar aris Sesuli gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni.
saojaxo daxmarebis gacema saojaxo daxmarebis mimRebia piri, romelsac daxmareba, 2007 wlis 1 ianvramde aqvs daniSnuli. amasTan, saojaxo daxmarebis miReba SeuZliaT im ojaxebsac, romelTac, daxmareba 2007 wlis 1 ianvramde daeniSnaT, magram SeCerebuli aqvT sxvadasxva mizezis gamo (ix. daxmarebis SeCerebis mizezebi). saojaxo daxmarebis mimRebi sxvadasxva kategoriis pirebisTvis, daxmarebis sxvadasxva odenobaa gansazRvruli:
1
martoxela, aramomuSave pensionerTa (martoxela pensioneri _ pensi-
saagento, amJamad, reorganizaciis procesSia
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oneri asakiT an invalidobiT) erTsuliani ojaxebi _ 22 lari, xolo aramomuSave pensionerTa or da metsuliani ojaxebi, _ 35 lari; ded-mamiT oboli bavSvebi, meurvis Sromisunarianobis miuxedavad, erT pirze, _ 22 lari; SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone, aramomuSave, pirveli jgufis usinaTloebi, erT pirze, _ 22 lari; 18 wlamde asakis SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebi, erT pirze, _ 22 lari; mravalSviliani ojaxebi, romelTac hyavs 7 an meti, 18 wlamde asakis bavSvi _ 35 lari.
socialuri programebiT gaTvaliswinebuli socialuri daxmareba, 600 laris odenobiT miecemaT: orsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis gamo; axladSobilis ayvanis gamo;
sayofacxovrebo subsidia komunaluri xarjebis gasawevad aseTi subsidiebi (daxmarebebi) miecemaT: a) meore msoflio omis, sxva saxelmwifoTa teritoriaze sabrZolo moqmedebebisa da saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisTvis, Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisTvis sabrZolo moqmedebebis invalidebs; b) meore msoflio omis monawileebs; g) saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisTvis, Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisTvis, sabrZolo moqmedebebSi daRupulTa Svilebs, 18 wlis asakamde, bavSvobidan, SS statusis mqone Svilebs, asakis miuxedavad. agreTve meuRles, romelic Semdeg aRar daqorwinebula da Sromisuunaro mSoblebs (TiToeul ojaxs); d) q. TbilisSi, 1989 wlis 9 aprils, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis moTxovniT gamarTuli mSvidobiani aqciis darbevis Sedegad dainvalidebul pirebs, daRupulTa Sromisuunaro mSoblebs, Sromisuunaro meuRles, romelic Semdeg aRar daqorwinebula. maT miecemaT TveSi 44 lari. analogiuri subsidiaa gaTvaliswinebuli TveSi, 22 laris odenobiT, Semdegi pirebisTvis: a) meore msoflio omis monawileebTan gaTanabrebul pirebs; b) sxva saxelmwifoTa teritoriaze sabrZolo moqmedebebisa da saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisTvis, Tavisuflebisa da damoukideb164
lobisTvis, sabrZolo moqmedebebis monawileebs; g) meore msoflio omis, sxva saxelmwifoTa teritoriaze sabrZolo moqmedebebis dros, an Semdgom periodSi daRupul (ugzo-ukvlod dakargul, gardacvlil), agreTve saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis, Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisTvis sabrZolo moqmedebebis Semdgom periodSi gardacvlili meomrebis TiToeul ojaxs (Svilebs, 18 wlis asakamde, bavSvobidan SS statusis mqone Svilebs, meuRles, romelic Semdeg ar daqorwinebula da Sromisuunaro mSoblebs); d) samxedro Zalebis veteranebs, moxucebulobis gamo, sapensio asakis miRwevisas; e) q. TbilisSi, 1989 wlis 9 aprils, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis moTxovniT gamarTuli aqciis darbevis dros, dazaralebul pirebs. aseTive subsidias iReben TveSi, 7 laris odenobiT: a) Cernobilis birTvul obieqtebze, avariuli situaciebis Sedegebis likvidaciisas, dainvalidebul pirebs da likvidaciis monawileebs, yovelTviurad, xolo avariis Sedegad, marCenlis dakargvisas, pensiis mimReb ojaxs yovelTviurad; b) politikuri represiebis msxverplad aRiarebul pirebsa da maTi ojaxebis Sromisuunaro wevrebs, yovelTviurad.
siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi mosaxleobis samedicino dazRvevis programa saqarTveloSi, moqmedebs `siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi mosaxleobis samedicino dazRvevis~, `saxalxo artistebis, saxalxo mxatvrebisa da rusTavelis premiis laureatebis janmrTelobis dazRvevis~, `kompaqtur dasaxlebebSi myof, iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa samedicino dazRvevis~, mzrunvelobamoklebul bavSvTa samedicino dazRvevis~ saxelmwifo programebi.
fuladi socialuri daxmarebis Sewyveta daxmarebis Sewyveta, SesaZlebelia Semdegi mizezebiT: ojaxis socialur-ekonomiuri mdgomareobis Sefasebisas, ojaxis uflebamosili piris mier, miwodebuli iqna yalbi informacia. amitom, gaxsovdeT, rom Zalian mniSvnelovania, informacia, ojaxis ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, iyos sruli, amomwuravi da rac mTavaria, zusti!
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siyalbis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, ojaxi avtomaturad kargavs daxmarebis miRebis uflebas da aseT ojaxs ar gaaCnia ufleba, momdevno sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, waradginos ganacxadi da moiTxovos xelaxali registracia monacemTa bazaSi: ojaxis yvela srulwlovani wevris gardacvalebisas; ojaxis monacemTa bazaSi, registraciis gauqmebisas; ojaxis sareitingo qulis cvlilebisas; saarsebo Semweobis misaRebi sareitingo qulis cvlilebisas.
sapensio uzrunvelyofa da dazRveva

saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis mier, socialuri qartiis miReba da socialur uflebaTa CamonaTvalSi socialuri uzrunvelyofis uflebis erT-erT savaldebulo uflebad gaTvaliswineba, meoce saukunis erT-erT miRwevad SeiZleba davasaxeloT. sapensio uzrunvelyofis uflebam, aseve asaxva hpova saqarTvelos konstituciaSi, rogorc saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa socialur-ekonomikuri uflebebis garantirebuli realizacia. pensiis miRebis uflebas aniWebs ara mxolod Sesabamisi asakis miRweva da namuSevari wlebis arseboba, aramed kanoniT gansazRvruli sxva SemTxvevebic, _ magaliTad, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba da ojaxSi marCenalis dakargva. arsebobs sxva SemTxvevebic. Zalian xSirad, uflebebis arcodna, xels gviSlis uflebebis ganxorcielebaSi. amitom aucilebelia, yvela icnobdes im samarTlebriv normebs, rasac saxelmwifo adgens am sferoSi imisTvis, rom aRniSnuli uflebiT, maqsimalurad isargebloT.
pensia SeiZleba iyos saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo.
saxelmwifo pensiis daniSvis dros, pensiis2 gadaxda xdeba saxelmwifo biujetidan. arasaxelmwifo pensiis miRebis dros, pensia gadairicxeba specialurad Seqmnili angariSidan, romelic iqmneba fizikuri pirisa da arasaxelmwifo dawesebulebebis gadaricxvis gziT.
2
pensia _ yovelTviuri fuladi uzrunvelyofa.
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1. saxelmwifo pensia3 vis aqvs pensiis miRebis ufleba? pensiis miRebis ufleba aqvs saqarTvelos teritoriaze mudmivad mcxovreb saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs. Tu Tqven ucxo qveynis moqalaqe xarT an saerTod ar gagaCniaT arc erTi qveynis moqalaqeoba, magram gancxadebis Setanamde, bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi, saqarTvelos teritoriaze kanonierad imyofebiT, Tqven gagaCniaT pensiis miRebis ufleba. pensiis dasaniSnad unda arsebobdes Semdegi safuZveli. Tuki Tqven miaRwieT sapensio asaks (sapensio asakis miRwevis gamo, pensiis miRebis ufleba, qalebs warmoeSobaT 60 wlis asakidan); an dagidgindaT SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusi; an marCenali gardaicvleba4, _ aRniSnuli niSnavs, rom gaqvT saxelmwifo pensiis misaRebad mimarTvis ufleba. Tqven, nebismier dros, gancxadebiT SegiZliaT mimarToT pensiis dasaniSnad. aseve, Tu Tqven gagaCniaT pensiis miRebis ori an meti safuZveli, ufleba gaqvT, Tqveni arCeviT miiRoT mxolod erTi saxis pensia.
gaxsovdeT! pensia iniSneba mxolod erTi safuZvliT, _ Tqveni arCeviT.
pensiis daniSvnis dros, garkveuli SezRudvebi arsebobs: pensiis miRebis ufleba ar gaqvT sajaro saqmianobis ganxorcielebis periodSi. sajaro saqmianobad iTvleba administraciul organoSi an sxva sabiujeto organizaciaSi anazRaurebadi saqmianobis ganxorcieleba, garda samecniero-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobisa. SezRudva ar vrceldeba mkveTrad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusisa da mxedvelobis gamo, mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis mqone pirebze.
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saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo pensiis Sesaxeb~. marCenaldakarguli _ Svili (Svilebi) da naSvilebi bavSvi (bavSvebi) 18 wlis asakis miRwevamde.
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pensiis odenoba asakis gamo pensiis minimaluri odenoba ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT. pensiis odenoba, SeiZleba Seicvalos. aRniSnuli, SeiZleba moxdes mxolod kanonSi cvlilebebis SetaniT. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis dadgenis gamo, pensiis gaangariSeba damokidebulia Tqveni janmrTelobis mdgomareobaze, rac unda iyos samedicino dokumentebiT dadasturebuli. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis mqone piri _ piri, romelsac aseTi statusi miniWebuli aqvs samedicino-socialuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad. aRniSnuli statusis dasadgenad, gancxadebiT unda mimarToT saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros. mkveTrad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, dainiSneba pensia 35 laris odenobiT. aseTive pensia eniSnebaT SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis mqone bavSvebs, romlebic saWiroeben sxva piris mudmiv daxmarebas. mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis dros, eniSnebaT pensia 28 laris odenobiT. aseTive pensia eniSnebaT SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis mqone bavSvebsac. marCenalis gardacvalebis gamo, erT-erTi mSoblis gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, _ TiToeuls 28 laris odenobiT, marCenaldakargulebis saerTo raodenobis miuxedavad; udedmamo bavSvebs, _ TiToeuls 35 laris odenobiT, marCenaldakargulebis saerTo raodenobis miuxedavad.
rogor unda mivmarToT pensiis dasaniSnad? pensiis daniSvnis Taobaze, gancxadeba yvela saWiro dokumentTan erTad, waredgineba _ saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros teritoriul organos, socialuri dazRvevis erTian saxelmwifo fonds. gancxadeba Seitaneba Tqveni registraciis adgilis mixedviT, sadac daregistrirebuli brZandebiT. pensiis daniSvnisTvis saWiro dokumentebis nusxa, pensiis daniSvnis wesi
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da pirobebi ganisazRvreba ministris normatiuli aqtis safuZvelze (ixileT gancxadebis nimuSi diskze). pensiis daniSvnis Taobaze, socialuri dazRvevis erTiani saxelmwifo fondi, Tqvens gancxadebas ganixilavs 10 dRis vadaSi. Tuki Tqvens gancxadebas ar erTvis yvela saWiro dokumenti, fondi valdebulia, miiRos gancxadeba da mogTxovoT damatebiTi dokumentaciis wardgena. amis Sesaxeb, Tqven miiRebT werilobiT Setyobinebas da aseve, Sesamabamisi dokumentebis sias. damatebiTi dokumentebis warsadgenad, mogecemaT 3 Tve. dadebiTi gadawyvetilebis SemTxvevaSi, pensia dageniSnebaT gancxadebis wardgenis dRidan. marCenalis gardacvalebis gamo, pensia iniSneba misi gardacvalebis dRidan, magram am SemTxvevaSi, gancxadeba Setanili unda iyos gardacvalebidan 3 Tvis vadaSi. am vadis gasvlis Semdeg, pensia iniSneba gancxadebis wardgenis dRidan. damatebiTi dokumentebis moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, pensia dainiSneba pirveli gancxadebis Setanis dRidan.
rogor gaicema pensia? pensiis gacema xdeba Tqveni moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos nebismier teritoriaze _ qalaqSi, dasaxlebaSi da a.S.. Tqveni survilis SemTxvevaSi, pensiis sacxovrebel adgilze mitanac SeiZleba. pensiis gacema unda moxdes yovelTviurad, Tvis dasrulebisas. pensiis gacema, SeiZleba SeCerdes. safuZvlis aRmofxvris SemTxvevaSi, pensia ganaxldeba. Tqveni pensiis gacemis SeCereba da Sesabamisad, ganaxleba: 1. Tqveni pensiis zedized, 6 Tvis ganmavlobaSi miuReblobisas, sapatio mizezis arsebobisas, pensiis gacema ganaxldeba; 2. Tu saWiro gaxda SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis perioduli gadamowmeba da Tqven ar gamocxaddiT gadamowmebaze daniSnul dros, Tqveni pensiis gacema SeCerdeba. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis ganmeorebiT dadgenis SemTxvevaSi, pensiis gacema ganaxldeba aseTi statusis dadgenis dRidan da aginazRaurdebaT dawesebulebaSi yofnis periodisTvisac.
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Tu xelaxali Semowmebis dros dadginda, rom Tqven gagaCniaT SezRuduli SesaZleblobis ukve sxva statusi, maSin aRniSnuli statusis dadgenamde, Tqven miiRebT pensias SezRuduli SesaZleblobis Zveli statusis mixedviT. aseve, SeiZleba dawesdes pensiis ganaxlebis sapatio mizezebi, rac ganisazRvreba ministris normatiuli aqtiT. gancxadebis Setanisas, pensiis gacema ganaxldeba momdevno Tves da aginazRaurdebaT miuRebeli Tanxa, magram ara umetes erTi wlisa, pensiis gacemis SeCerebis dRidan. pensiis gacema Sewydeba: 1. pensioneris gardacvalebisas, momdevno Tvis pirveli ricxvidan (piris gardacvlilad gamocxadebis an ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiarebis5 Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis gauqmebisas, pensiis gacema ganaxldeba. gardacvlilad gamocxadebis SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba, SeiZleba gauqmdes sasamarTlos mimarTvis safuZvelze); 2. sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebisas, _ saqmianobis ganxorcielebis periodSi (sajaro saqmianobis Sewyvetisas, pensiis gacema ganaxldeba); 3. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis dakargvisas; 4. marCenaldakarguli piris mier, 18 wlis asakis miRwevisas, Tuki isini saswavlo dawesebulebis dRis ganyofilebaze swavloben, _ 23 wlis asakis miRwevisas; 5. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis arsebobis SemTxvvevaSi, Tu Tqven ar gamocxaddiT samedicino dawesebulebaSi, dadgenil vadaSi gada5
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mixedviT, dainteresebuli piris gancxadebis safuZvelze, nebismieri piri, SeiZleba sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebiT, aRiarebuli iqnes ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad, Tu misi adgilsamyofeli ucnobia da ori wlis manZilze, igi ar gamoCenila Tavis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. piri SeiZleba sasamarTlo wesiT gamocxaddes gardacvlilad, Tu mis sacxovrebel adgilas, 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, ar moipoveba cnobebi am piris adgilsamyofelis Sesaxeb. agreTve piri SeiZleba sasamarTlo wesiT gamocxaddes gardacvlilad, Tu igi ugzo-ukvlod daikarga iseT garemoebebSi, romelic mas sikvdils uqadda, anda savaraudod, is daiRupa raime ubeduri SemTxvevis gamo da amis damadasturebeli cnobebi eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi ar moipoveboda.
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mowmebaze, _ momdevno Tvis pirveli ricxvidan (pensiis gacema ganaxldeba samedicino dawesebulebis mier, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis ganmeorebiT dadgenisas); 6. sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlisas, romliTac Seefarda Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, _ misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis dRidan; Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebidan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, pensiis gacema ganaxldeba; 7. ucxo qveynis moqalaqisa da moqalaqeobis armqone piris saqarTvelodan gaZevebisas; 8 . saqarTvelos moqalaqeobidan gasvlisas, an saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis Sewyetisas; 9. piradi gancxadebiT; 10. srul saxelmwifo kmayofaze yofnisas (garda xandazmulTa TavSesafarSi myofi pensionerisa); 11. Tu pensiis SeCerebidan 3 weli gavida da ar moxda pensiis gacemis ganaxleba. SeiZleba, aseve arsebobdes sxva safuZvlebi, magram is unda gamomdinareobdes kanonidan. Tu pensiis Sewyveta moxda zemoTmiTiTebuli romelime safuZvliT, Sewyvetili pensiis gacema SeiZleba ganaxldes, Tu mizezi aRmofxvrili iqneba. rogor ganvaaxloT pensiis gacema? Sewyvetili pensiis gacemis ganaxlebisTvis, aucilebelia gancxadebisa da saWiro dokumentebis (romliTac dasturdeba Sewyvetis an SeCerebis mizezebis ararseboba) fondSi wardgena. gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi pensia, romelic pirs ekuTvnoda da misi gardacvalebis droisTvis ar iqna miRebuli, miecema mis memkvidreebs, Tu maT miuRebeli TanxisTvis, mimarTes piris gardacvalebis dRidan, ara ugvianes erTi wlisa. Tu arsebobs ramdenime memkvidre, kuTvnili Tanxa, maT Soris ganawil171
deba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT (ixileT Tavi qali da memkvidreobiTi samarTali). pensiidan Tanxis dakaveba Tu araswori monacemebis wardgenis gamo, Tqvens sapensio angariSze, zedmeti Tanxis daricxva moxda, zedmetad daricxuli pensiis dabruneba, SesaZlebelia mxolod kompetenturi organos, magaliTad, saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros gadawyvetilebiT da ara umetes 20%-is dakavebis meSveobiT; an kidev, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze, _ daniSnuli pensiis ara umetes 50%-is dakavebiT. gaxsovdeT! pensiis miRebis dros, Tqven ar izRudebiT, damatebiT miiRoT saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli socialuri daxmarebebi da isargebloT saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva uflebebiT.
saxelmwifo kompensacia da saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendia6 aRniSnuli saxis kompensaciisa da stipendiis gadaxda xdeba saxelmwifo biujetidan, saxelmwifoSi gansakuTrebuli samsaxuris gavlis SemTxvevaSi, aseve garkveul Tanamdebobaze muSaobis gamo. kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul CamonaTvalSi Sedian: 1. saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrebi; 2. saqarTvelo sakonstitucio sasamarTlos wevrebi; saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos mosamarTleebi; 3. saqarTvelos saerTo sasamarTloebis mosamarTleebi; 4. saqarTvelos kontrolis palatis Tavmjdomare da misi moadgile (moadgileebi); 5. samxedro, Sinagan saqmeTa organoebidan da saxelmwifo dacvis specialuri samsaxuridan TadarigSi daTxovnil pirebi, agreTve finansTa sa6
saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo kompensaciisa da saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiis Sesaxeb~.
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ministros Sesabamisi samsaxuris im Tanamdebobebidan gaTavisuflebuli pirebi, romlebic gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenilebiT; 6. prokuraturis sistemidan daTxovnil muSakebi; 7. saqarTvelos yofili umaRlesi politikuri Tanamdebobis pirTa ojaxis wevrebi; 8. umaRlesi diplomatiuri rangis mqone pirebi; 9. saqarTvelos parlamentis aparatis moxeleebi; 10. mecnierebi; 11. samoqalaqo aviaciis mosamsaxureebi. aRniSnuli pensiis miRebis ufleba aqvs mxolod saqarTvelos moqalaqes, magram SeiZleba gamonaklisis daSveba, rac kanoniT unda iyos damtkicebuli. Tu Tanamdebobidan daTxovna moxda saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis an sxva aramarTlzomieri qmedebis Cadenis gamo, aRniSnuli stipendiis miRebis ufleba ikargeba.
stipendiis daniSvnis safuZvlebia: 1. muSaobis vadis amowurva; 2. 65 wlis asaks miRweva; 3. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis dadgena; 4. marCenalis gardacvaleba, _ gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, marCenalis gardacvalebis gamo, kompensaciis miRebis ufleba aqvT agreTve gardacvlilis ojaxis wevrebs. aRniSnuli vrceldeba mSvileblebze, Tanabrad mSoblebze, naSvileb bavSvebze, Tanabrad Svilebze. arasrulwlovani Svilebi, kompensacias miiReben 18 wlamde asakamde. Tu Svilebi swavloben, maSin 23 wlis asakamde. Tu arsebobs romelime safuZveli, Tqven nebismier dros, SegiZliaT mimarToT pensiis dasaniSnad. Tu Tqven gagaCniaT ori an meti pensiis miRebis safuZveli, ufleba gaqvT, miiRoT mxolod erTi saxis pensia Tqveni arCeviT. 173
ra odenobisaa pensia? arsebobs sqema, romlis mixedviT xdeba pensiis gamoangariSeba (aRniSnuli, moipoveba saxelmwifo kompensaciisa da saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi). kompensaciis an saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiis odenoba, ar unda aRematebodes 560 lars.
rogor xdeba pensiis daniSvna? socialuri dazRvevis erTian saxelmwifo fondSi, Tqveni gancxadebis safuZvelze, kompensaciis an saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiis daniSvna moxdeba gancxadebis wardgenis dRidan. marCenalis gardacvalebis gamo, kompensacia iniSneba marCenalis gardacvalebis dRidan, Tu gancxadeba kompetentur organos waredgineba gardacvalebidan 3 Tvis vadaSi. am vadis gasvlis SemTxvevaSi, kompensacia iniSneba gancxadebis wardgenis dRidan.
kompensaciis/saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiis gacemis Sewyveta da ganaxleba 1. sxva saxis saxelmwifo pensiis daniSvnisas; 2. piradi gancxadebiT; 3. kompensaciis an saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiis mimRebis gardacvalebisas, _ aRniSnuli safuZvlis dadgenisas, momdevno Tvis pirveli ricxvidan; 4. sajaro saqmianobis ganxorcielebis periodSi; sajaro saqmianobis Sewyvetisas, pensiis gacema ganaxldeba; 5. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis dakargvisas; 6. arasrulwlovani piris mier 18 wlis asakis miRwevisas, _ momdevno Tvis pirveli ricxvidan; Tuki Svilebi saswavleblis dRis ganyofilebaze swavloben, _ 23 wlis asakis miRwevisas;
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7. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis dadgenil vadaSi gadamowmebaze gamoucxadeblobisas, _ momdevno Tvis pirveli ricxvidan. misi gacema ganaxldeba Sesabamisi samedicino dawesebulebis mier, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis ganmeorebiT dadgenis Semdeg; 8. sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlisas, romliTac Seefarda Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, _ misi kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis dRidan; Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebidan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, gacema ganaxldeba; 9. saqarTvelos moqalaqeobidan gasvlisas, an saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis dakargvisas; 10. gardacvalebiT _ gardacvalebis mowmobis an gardacvalebis registraciis Sesaxeb samoqalaqo reestris saagentos teritoriuli samsaxurebis mier, kompetenturi organosTvis miwodebuli yovelTviuri informaciis safuZvelze. Tu moxda gardacvlilad gamocxadeba an ugzo-ukvlod dakargulad aRiareba sasamarTlos mier da aRniSnuli gadawyvetileba gauqmda, maSin stipendiis gacema ganaxldeba. kanonis mixedviT, Tu arsebobs kompensaciis an saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiis gacemis Sewyvetis garemoeba, Tqven unda acnoboT fonds amis Sesaxeb, am garemoebis dadgomidan, ara ugvianes 15 dRisa.
rogor ganvaaxloT pensiis gacema? Sewyvetili kompensaciis an saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiis gacema ganaxldeba Sesabamisi safuZvlis aRmofxvris SemTxvevaSi, Tu misi gamosworeba SesaZlebelia. ganaxlebisTvis, aucilebelia gancxadebisa da saWiro dokumentebis wardgena kompetentur organoSi.
pensiis miRebis sxva safuZvlebi dReisTvis, kanonis mixedviT, arsebobs pensiis miRebis sxva safuZvlebic: 1. q. TbilisSi, 1989 wlis 9 aprils, saqarTvelos damoukideblobis 175
moTxovniT gamarTuli mSvidobiani aqciis darbevis Sedegad, dazaralebulTa aRiarebisa da maTi socialuri dacvis garantiebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT, aRniSnuli aqciis darbevis Sedegad dazaralebulTaTvis _ 35 laris odenobiT (kanonis me-3 muxlis b da g qvepunqtebi); 2. `Cernobilis atomur eleqtrosadgurze da sxva samxedro an samoqalaqo daniSnulebis birTvul obieqtebze, avariuli situaciebis Sedegebis likvidaciis monawileebisa da maTi ojaxis wevrebis socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul pirTaTvis (magaliTad, pirebze, romlebic monawileobdnen birTvul obieqtebze avariuli situaciebis Sedegebis likvidaciaSi, aseve monawileebis Svilebze, romlebic daibadnen avariuli situaciebis Sedegebis likvidaciis Semdeg periodSi da a.S.- 45 da 40 lari (kanonis me-5 muxli da me-6 muxli); 3. saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa politikuri represiebis msxverplad aRiarebisa da represirebulTa socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad, politikuri represiis msxverplad aRiarebul pirTaTvis _ 50 lari, xolo misi gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, _ misi, agreTve politikuri represiis gamo gardacvlili piris SvilisTvis (18 wlis asakamde) da Sromisuunaro meuRlisTvis, mSoblisTvis, SvilisTvis (naSvilebisTvis) _ 45 lari; 4. omisa da samxedro Zalebis veteranebis Sesaxeb da samxedro, Sinagan saqmeTa organoebisa da saxelmwifo dacvis specialuri samsaxuridan TadarigSi daTxovnil pirTa da maTi ojaxis wevrTa socialuri uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonebiT: _ meore msoflio omis I da II jgufebis invalidebisTvis, _ 129 lari, meore msoflio omis III jgufis invalidebisa da meore msoflio omis monawileebisTvis, _ 80 lari; _ meore msoflio omis monawileebTan gaTanabrebul pirTaTvis, _ 55 lari; 5. saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisTvis, Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisTvis, aseve sxva saxelmwifos teritoriaze ganxorcielebuli sabrZolo moqmedebebisTvis: I da II jgufis invalidebisTvis, _ 84 lari, III jgufis invalidebisTvis, _ 70 lari, monawileTaTvis, _ 60 lari; monawileebTan gaTanabrebul pirTaTvis, _ 55 lari; 176
6. saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisTvis, Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisTvis daRupul, ugzo-ukvlod dakargul, miRebuli Wrilobebis Sedegad gardacvlilTa ojaxebis socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT, zemoaRniSnul pirTaTvis _ 45 lari (kanonis me-4 muxli).
arasaxelmwifo pensia da dazRveva7 Tqven ufleba gaqvT, isargebloT arasaxelmwifo pensiiTa da dazRveviT. arasaxelmwifo pensiis gadaxda xdeba sapensio danagrovis fondidan. aRniSnuli fondis monawile, misi an specialurad miTiTebuli piris sasargeblod, ricxavs Senatanebs da amis saSualebiT, qmnis sapensio saxsrebs. aRniSnuli fondi, sadazRvevo kompaniebis meSveobiT funqcionirebs, romlebic Tavis saqmianobas axorcieleben saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier gacemuli dazRvevis licenziisa da registrirebuli sapensio sqemebis safuZvelze. sapensio danagrovis fondTan, ideba xelSekruleba arasaxelmwifo sapensio dazRvevisa da uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, fondi, sapensio sqemiT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad, iRebs arasaxelmwifo sapensio uzrunvelyofis valdebulebas, xolo meore mxare, (fizikuri an iuridiuli piri) iRebs sapensio Senatanebis gadaxdis valdebulebas. dadebuli xelSekruleba unda Seicavdes Canawers sapensio danagrovis sqemisa da am danagrovis odenobaze asaxvis pirobebis Sesaxeb. dasaSvebia sqemebis Secvla. xelSekruleba SeiZleba daidos: 1. Tavis sasargeblod; 2. sxva nebismieri piris sasargeblod; 3. damsaqmeblis mier Tavisi muSakebis sasargeblod. aRniSnuli pensiis miRebis ufleba aqvs adamians, vis sasargeblodac iqmneba Senatani. aRniSnuli pensia, ar SeiZleba gadaeces sxva pirs.
saqarTvelos kanoni àrasaxelmwifo sapensio dazRvevisa da uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb~
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arasaxelmwifo pensiis saxeebi da misi gacemis wesi 1. mudmivi pensia, romelic eZleva pirs pensiis gacemis dawyebidan, gardacvalebamde; 2. gansazRvruli vadiT gasacemi pensia, romelic eZleva pirs aranakleb xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. mudmivi pensia aris individualuri an erToblivi. individualuri pensia ericxeba da eZleva pirs gardacvalebamde. pensiis daricxva da gacema wydeba misi gardacvalebisTanave. erToblivi pensia miecemaT sapensio sqemis wevr meuRleebs, pensiis gacemis dawyebidan, maT gardacvalebamde. Tuki erT-erTi meuRle gardaicvala, am pensiis naxevari miecema meore meuRles. ganqorwinebis SemTxvevaSi, TiToeul yofil meuRles, ufleba aqvs miiRos erToblivi pensiis naxevari. erToblivi pensiis Sesaxeb meuRleTa Soris wamoWrili dava, ganixileba sasamarTlos mier sasarCelo gancxadebis safuZvelze. gansazRvruli vadiT gasacemi pensia, piris gardacvalebis SemTxvevaSi, sapensio uzrunvelyofis vadis damTavrebamde, miecema mis memkvidreebs. rogor gaicema pensia pensia gaicema saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili sapensio asakis miRwevis Semdeg, gancxadebis wardgenidan erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi. SeiZleba pensiis gacema sapensio asakis miRwevamde, Tuki nawilobriv an mTlianad, dakargulia Sromisunarianoba. aseve, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, Tqveni survilis SemTxvevaSi, pensia ufro gvian asakSi miiRoT.
gaxsovdeT! Tqven gaqvT pensiis saxeobis SerCevis ufleba; pensiis miRebis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven ar izRudebiT sxva SeRavaTebis miRebiT; Tuki Tqven pensias iRebT, Tqven aseve gaqvT muSaobis ufleba, magram pensiis miRebis ufleba SegiwydebaT sajaro samsaxurSi muSaobis periodSi; SezRudva Tqvenze ar gavrceldeba, Tuki Tqven mkveTrad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis an mxedve178
lobis gamo, mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis statusis mqone piri brZandebiT.
iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, devnilTa uflebebi

moqalaqeebs, xSirad erTmaneTSi eSlebaT ori termini _ `ltolvili~ da ìZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri _ devnili~. unda gvaxsovdes, rom es ori, sxvadasxva statusis mqone piria. `ltolvili~ _ ltolvilad iTvleba, saqarTvelos teritoriaze Semosuli saqarTvelos moqalaqe, saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis armqone piri, romlisTvisac, saqarTvelo ar aris misi warmoSobis qveyana da romelic iZulebuli gaxda, daetovebina Tavisi moqalaqeobis an mudmivad sacxovrebeli qveyana, radgan idevneboda rasis, religiis, erovnuli kuTvnilebis, romelime socialuri jgufis kuTvnilebis gamo. ìZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri anu devnili~, _ saqarTvelos moqalaqe an saqarTveloSi mudmivad mcxovrebi moqalaqeobis armqone piria, romelic iZulebuli gaxda, daetovebina mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgili da gadaadgilebuliyo (saqarTvelos teritoriis farglebSi) im mizeziT, rom safrTxe Seeqmna mis an misi ojaxis wevrebis sicocxles, janmrTelobas an Tavisuflebas ucxo qveynis agresiis, Sida konfliqtebis an adamianis uflebaTa masobrivi darRvevis gamo~ (saqarTvelos kanoni ìZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTadevnilTa Sesaxeb~ muxli 1). saqarTvelos ltolvilTa da devnilTa samarTlebrivi da socialuri sakiTxebis mogvareba, ZiriTadad ekisreba saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministros (SemdgomSi, `saministros~). Tu Tqven xarT saqarTvelos teritoriaze iZulebiT gadadgilebuli piri, devnilis statusis misaRebad, gancxadebiT unda mimarToT ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros an am saministros teritoriul organoebs. Tu Tqven iZulebuli iyaviT, dagetovebinaT saqarTvelos teritoria da imyofebiT sazRvargareT, SegiZliaT mimarToT saqarTvelos diplomatiur warmomadgenlobas an sakonsulos. saqarTvelos diplomatiuri da sakonsu-
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lo warmomadgenlobis misamarTebi, SegiZliaT ipovoT saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministros veb-gverdze. www. mfa.gov.ge devnilis statusis mosapoveblad, piri avsebs gancxadebas da mimarTavs ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros, an am saministros teritoriul organoebs. statusis miniWebis SemTxvevaSi, aseT pirs, aZleven specialur mowmobas, romelic ZalaSia piradobis damadasturebel mowmobasTan erTad (muxli 2, p. 8,10). qorwinebis an sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi devnilis statusi ar uqmdeba, Tumca savaldebuloa xelaxali registraciis gavla. devnilis statusi, SesaZlebelia mieniWos devnilis bavSvsac, Tuki erT-erTi mSobeli an oriveni, devnilebi arian. devnilis statusis mosapoveblad, pirma unda mimarTos ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros, dadgenil vadebSi. Tuki piri amas ver moaxerxebs, mas SeuZlia, gancxadeba Seitanos saministroSi an mis teritoriul organoebSi, yoveli Tvis 10 ricxvamde. kanoni iTvaliswinebs devnilis statusis dakargvisa da SeCerebis SemTxvevebs. Tu ar gaivliT registracias dadgenil vadebSi, amas Sedegad SeiZleba mohyves statusis SeCereba. statusis SeCerebis safuZveli, SeiZleba iyos: devnilTa mier wardgenili sabuTebis siswore; devnilTa registracia ramdenime regionSi. garda devnilTa statusis SeCerebisa, kanoni iTvaliswinebs devnilis statusis Sewyvetis SesaZleblobas. es SeiZleba moxdes Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: piradi gancxadebis safuZvelze; sazRvargareT sacxovreblad gasvlisas; Tuki aRar arsebobs devnilobis gamomwvevi mizezebi da Sesabamis teritoriaze aRdga saqarTvelos iurisdiqcia; sxva qveynis moqalaqeobis miReba; sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba piris ugzo-ukvlod, an gardacvlilad aRiarebis Sesaxeb; piris gardacvaleba. yalbi sabuTebis wardgenis SemTxvevaSi, pirs CamoerTmeva devnilis statusi (kanonis muxli 6, p.3 _ a, b, g, d, e, v; muxli 6, p.3.4). 180
devnilis statusi, gulisxmobs mTel rig SeRavaTebsa da privilegiebs. devnilebs, gaaCniaT yovelTviuri Semweoba; saarsebo Semweoba; gaTavisuflebulebi arian saxelmwifo baJis gadaxdisgan; SeRavaTebi aqvT eleqtroenergiisa da sxva komunalur gadasaxadebze. devnilis Semweoba, SeiZleba SegiCerdeT, Tuki gaxvediT saqarTvelodan or Tveze meti vadiT an SeCerebuli gaqvT devnilis statusi.
yovelTviuri Semweoba devnilebi, yovelTviurad, saxelmwifosgan Semweobas iReben. araorganizebulad CasaxlebulTaTvis, is warmoadgens 28 lars TveSi, xolo kompaqturad, anu organizebulad CasaxlebulTaTvis, es Tanxa, 22 lariT ganisazRvreba. Semweobis Sewyvetis mizezebia: siRatakis zRvars qvemoT myofi ojaxebis erTian monacemTa bazaSi aRricxva da miznobrivi socialuri daxmarebis nebayoflobiT miReba; devnilis statusis Sewyveta; devnilis mier, piradi gancxadebiT, uaris Tqma Semweobaze. Semweobis miRebis aRdgena an ganaxleba SesaZlebelia Tu aRmoifxvra Semweobis Seyvetis an SeCerebis mizezebi, SesaZlebelia misi aRdgena an ganaxleba, devnilis piradi gancxadebisa da saWiro sabuTebis wardgenis safuZvelze. aseT SemTxvevaSi, Tqven SegiZliaT, gancxadebiT mimarToT saministros an mis teritoriul organoebs da waradginoT saWiro sabuTebi. Semweoba gaicema, Semweobis an SeCerebis safuZvlis aRmofxvris Tvis momdevno Tvidan (magaliTad, Semweobis an SeCerebis safuZveli, aRmoifxvra maisis dasawyisSi, Semweoba gaicema ivnisis Tvidan).
saarsebo Semweoba saarsebo Semweoba, devnilTa miznobrivi socialuri daxmarebaa da warmoadgens fuladi saxis gasacemels. aRniSnul Semweobis miRebis ufleba
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aqvs Ratak ojaxs,8 romelic registrirebulia socialurad daucveli ojaxebis monacemTa erTian bazaSi. Tu Tqven gsurT, miiRoT saarsebo Semweoba da akmayofilebT dadgenil pirobebs saarsebo Semweobis misaRebad, Tqven, an ojaxis nebismierma srulwlovanma qmedunarianma pirma, an ojaxis kanonierma warmomadgenelma, unda mimarToT socialuri subsidiebis saagentos. gancxadebis Sevseba SeiZleba, rogorc saagentos raionul (saqalaqo) ganyofilebaSi, ise sacxovrebel adgilze, saagentos pasuxismgebeli piris vizitisas.9 saarsebo Semweobis odenoba, ganisazRvreba ojaxis wevrTa raodenobis mixedviT. erTsuliani ojaxis Semweoba 30 laria, xolo ojaxis meore an momdevno TiToeul wevrze, 12 laris damateba xdeba. unda vicodeT, rom ar SeiZleba ori saxis Semweobis erTdroulad miReba. Tu Tqven yovelTviur Semweobas iRebT, ver miiRebT saarsebo Semweobas. ojaxi TviTon irCevs, Tu romeli saxis Semweoba surs miiRos. Tu Tqven gagaCniaT devnilis statusi, SegiZliaT isargebloT kanoniT garantirebuli SeRavaTebiT sayofacxovrebo gadasaxadebis gadaxdisas. kompaqturad Casaxlebuli erTi devnilis mier moxmarebuli safasuris dafinanseba, xorcieldeba centralizebulad da TveSi, 13, 48 lars warmoadgens dedaqalaqSi, xolo saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi, _ 12, 98 lariT ganisazRvreba. aseve xdeba moxmarebuli wylis, narCenebis gatanisa da sxva xarjebis dafarva.10 saqarTvelos mTavrobis gankargulebiT, iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi _ devnilebi, 2009-2010 wlis zamTris periodSi, uzrunvelyofili unda iqnan saTbobi SeSiT. aseve, mTavrobis gankargulebiT, gamartivda devnilTaTvis mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacemis wesebi. devnilebi, sargebloben ara mxolod SeRavaTebiT, aramed privilegiebiTac.
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informacia, saqarTveloSi, devnilTa uflebebisa da SeRavaTebis Sesaxeb. Tbilisi 2007. 2007 w. 16 ivnisis saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba #145 socialuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb. 2007 wlis 27 ivnisis Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis minsitris brZaneba #225/n miznobrivi socialuri daxmarebis daniSvnisa da gacemis wesis damtkicebis Sesaxeb.
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saxelmwifo baJi samoqalaqo aqtebis registraciisas, saxelmwifo baJi ar ekisrebaT devnilebs. aseve, ar ekisrebaT baJi saerTo sasamarTloebSi gansaxilvel saqmeebze, rodesac dava exeba fizikuri piris saqmes, xelfasis gadaxdasTan dakavSirebiT an davebs, romlebic gamomdinareobs SromiTi samarTlebrivi urTierTobidan. sasamarTlo baJisgan devnili im SemTxvevaSic Tavisufldeba, Tuki is socialurad daucveli ojaxis monacemTa erTian bazaSia registrirebuli da es dasturdeba mowmobiT. saxelmwifo baJis gadasaxadisgan gaTavisuflebulebi arian devnilebi, maTi devnilad cnobis uaris saCivrebze. devnilebi gaTanabrebulebi arian siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myof mosaxleobasTan da maTze vrceldeba umweoTaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli samedicino programebi.
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ojaxSi Zaladoba da qalis uflebebi
qalTa mimarT Zaladoba, genderuli Tanasworobis mudmiv problemad rCeba. mTels msoflioSi, yoveli mesame qali, Zaladobis msxverplia. genderuli Tanasworobis mizania, yvelasTvis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis micema sazogadoebriv, politikur, ekonomikur da sociologiur cxovrebaSi, ganurCevlad sqesisa.
ras warmoadgens Zaladoba?

nebismieri adamianisa da pirovnebis uflebaa, _ daculi iyos nebismieri formis Zaladobisgan, maT Soris ojaxSic. Zaladobas, xSirad, adgili aqvs axlobel adamianebs Soris _ colsa da qmars, mSoblebsa da Svilebs, aseve araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi myof pirTa Soris (ixileT Tavi saojaxo samarTali). nebismieri adamiani SeiZleba gaxdes Zaladobis msxverpli, magram rogorc msoflio statistika uCvenebs, qalebi msxverplTa umravlesobas _ 95% warmoadgenen. am TavSi, Cven visaubrebT Zaladobaze, saqarTvelos kanonis ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb gagebiT. aRniSnuli kanoni, moqmedebs 2006 wlis maisidan da dRemde, periodulad, ganicdis cvlilebebs.
Zaladobis saxeebi kanonis gagebiT, ojaxSi Zaladoba niSnavs erTi wevris mier sxva wevris, maT Soris qalis uflebaTa SezRudvas. aRniSnuli, SeiZleba ganxorcieldes sxvadasxva saSualebebiT, rogorc fizikuri SexebiT, aseve sityvierad, aseve umoqmedobiT. magaliTad, Tu qmari cols ukrZalavs samsaxurSi gasvlas, dasaqmebas, _ aRniSnuli ukve Zaladobas warmoadgens. Seuracxyofa, SantaJi, damcireba, muqara, pativisa da Rirsebis Semlaxveli qmedebebi (magaliTad, gineba), aseve Zaladobis erT -erT saxes miekuTvneba.
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Tuki Seuracxyofas, SantaJs, damcireba, muqara an sxva moqmedebas vxdebiT da aRniSnuli pativisa da Rirsebis SelaxvasTanaa dakavSirebuli, saxezea ukve fsiqologiuri Zaladoba. xSirad, Tu sxva wevrebi mis kmayofaze imyofebian, finansuri xasiaTis sanqciebis dawesebiT, moZalade cdilobs, aiZulos msxverpli misTvis arasasurveli moqmedebisgan Tavi Seikavos, an Tavisive surviliT aiZulos, ganaxorcielos sasurveli qmedeba. aRniSnuli ekonomikur Zaladobas warmoadgens. janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSirebul moTxovnilebaTa daukmayofilebloba, rac gamoiwvevs janmrTelobis dazianebas an sikvdils, iseve ganixileba, rogorc Zaladobis gamoxatva. am SemTxvevaSi, adgili aqvs umoqmedobas Tavisi subieqturi mizezebis gamo, risi saSualebiTac moZalade cdilobs kontroli daamyaros Tavis msxverplTan. sqesobrivi kavSiris damyareba ZaladobiT, Zaladobis muqariT an umweo mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT, seqsualur Zaladobad iTvleba. iseve rogorc, sqesobrivi kavSiri an seqsualuri xasiaTis moqmedebebi arasrulwlovnis mimarT. aRniSnuli, dasjadia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT. fizikuri Zaladoba SeiZleba gamoixatos cemaSi1, wamebaSi, janmrTelobis dazianebaSi, gatacebaSi, Tavisuflebis SezRudvaSi, _ rac Zaladobis ukiduresi gamoxatvaa. Zaladobis ganmaxorcielebel obieqts, SeiZleba daekisros sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba da Cadenili danaSaulisTvis, sasjelis saxiT, cixeSi garkveuli droiT yofna, Tu mis qmedebebSi gamoikveTeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli.
magaliTad, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 125 muxlis mixedviT, cema an sxvagvari Zaladoba, romelic dazaralebulis fizikuri tkivili gamoiwvia, isjeba jarimiT an sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo SromiT, vadiT as ocidan as oTxmoc saaTamde, anda gamasworebeli samuSaoTi, vadiT TxuTmet Tvemde. igive qmedeba, Cadenili winaswari SecnobiT, arasrulwlovnis mimarT, isjeba jarimiT an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi, vadiT TxuTmetidan ocdaoTx Tvemde, anda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT erT wlamde.
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vin aris moZalade? moZaladed iTvleba ojaxis wevri, romelic axorcielebs fizikur, fsiqologiur, ekonomikur, seqsualur Zaladobas an zewolas ojaxis sxva wevrebze. vin igulisxmeba ojaxis wevrad? ojaxis wevri, kanonis gagebiT, aris rogorc pirdapiri naTesavi, aseve moZaladis mxridan ojaxis wevri, aseve yofili meuRle da misi naTesavebi: deda, mama, papa, bebia, meuRle, Svili (geri), Svilobili, mSvileblebi, mSvileblis meuRle, naSvilebi, mimRebi ojaxi (dedobili, mamobili), SviliSvili, da, Zma, meuRlis mSoblebi, siZe, rZali, yofili meuRle, araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi myofi pirebi da maTi ojaxis wevrebi, meurve. niSandoblivia is, rom moZalade Zaladobs konkretuli pirovnebis an pirebis mimarT. am dros, igi SeiZleba darCes savsebiT keTilganwyobil da wesier, sanimuSo adamianad sxva pirTa mimarT. ra meqanizmi arsebobs ojaxSi Zaladobis gadasaWrelad? damcavi da Semakavebeli orderebi. ras warmoadgenen eseni? eseni miekuTvnebian specialur aRkveTis meqanizmebs. ra saerTo Tvisebebi aqvT am or tipis orderebs? orive SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnuli orderebiT, mowesrigdeba urTierToba ojaxSi, moZaladesa da msxverpls Soris. gansxvaveba gamoixateba gamocemis wesSi. Semakavebeli orderi gamoiwereba policiis mier, damcavi orderi _ uSualod sasamarTlos mier. aRniSnuli orderebis meSveobiT, moZaladis konkretuli qmedebebis SezRudva, konkretuli drois ganmavlobaSi xdeba. am SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlos mier, ganixileba faqtobrivi garemoebebi da konkretuli qmedebebi. arsebuli saSiSroebidan gamomdinare, konkretul moZalades aekrZaleba ama Tu im qmedebis ganxocieleba an piriqiT, SeiZleba daevalos konkretuli xasiaTis qmedebebis gakeTeba, magaliTad, msxverplTan miaxlovebis sakiTxi da a.S. (ixileT Semdgomi qveTavebi). orive orderiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesebis Seusrulebloba, darRvevis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, iwvevs pasuxismgeblobas. 187
pasuxismgeblobis ra zomebia gaTvaliswinebuli kanonmdeblobiT? pirvel rigSi, Semakavebeli orderiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis Seusrulebloba, administraciuli xasiaTis pasuxismgeblobas iwvevs _ patimrobas 7 dRemde an gamasworebeli samuSaoebis daniSvnas erT Tvemde. damcavi orderis Seusrulebloba, gamoiwvevs patimrobas 30 dRemde an sam Tvemde gamasworebeli samuSaoebis daniSvnas. aseve, orderebis Seusrulebloba, sisxlis samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas iwvevs! damcavi da Semakavebeli orderebis mier gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Seusrulebloba, Tu moZaladis mimarT ukve iyo gamoyenebuli administraciuli samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis zemoaRniSnuli muxli, iwvevs sisxlis samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas _ jarimas, an sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo Sromis daniSvnas asormocdaaTidan oras saaTamde, an cixeSi moTavsebas erT wlamde. ra gansxvaveba arsebobs am or orders Soris? Semakavebel orders gamowers policiis TanamSromeli. SemdgomSi, 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, policiis TanamSromeli, dazaralebul moqalaqesTan erTad, poziciis dasamtkiceblad sasamarTlos winaSe unda gamovides. damcavi orderis SemTxvevaSi, moqalaqem gancxadebiT unda mimarTos uSualod sasamarTlos, sadac 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi, gancxadebis ganxilva moxdeba. rogor moviqceT Zaladobis faqtis arsebobisas? ojaxuri Zaladobis faqtis SemTxvevaSi, aucilebelia sapatrulo policiis gamoZaxeba. gamocxadebisTanave, policiis TanamSromeli Seadgens oqms da gamowers Semakavebel orders. ra evaleba policiis TanamSromels gamoZaxebis Semdeg? Zaladobis faqtis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, policia valdebulia: gancalkevebulad gamokiTxos ojaxSi Zaladobis savaraudo msxverpli, mowme, moZalade, rac werilobiT dafiqsirdeba; 188
miawodos informacia misi uflebebis Sesaxeb, anu ganumartos uflebebi; msxverplis moTxovniT, an gadaudebel SemTxvevaSi, uzrunvelyofs mis gadayvanas samedicino dawesebulebaSi, TavSesafarSi an sxva adgilas; aseve, patrulis TanamSromeli, valdebulia daexmaros pirveladi saWiroebis nivTebisa da saidentifikacio dokumentebis wamoRebaSi; uzrunvelyos im pirTa usafrTxoeba, vinc ganacxada Zaladobis faqtis Taobaze; sasamarTlo, Semakavebeli orderis sasamarTlos kancelariaSi wardgenidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, ganixilavs orderis gamocemis mizanSewonilobis sakiTxs da iRebs gadawyvetilebas misi: 1. damtkicebis; 2. damtkicebaze uaris Tqmis; 3. an nawilobriv damtkicebis Sesaxeb. nawilobriv damtkiceba niSnavs wardgenil moTxovnaTa nawilis dakmayofilebas. Semakavebeli orderis damtkicebis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaSi, detalurad iqneba asaxuli moZaladisTvis dawesebuli SezRudvebis pirobebi da msxverplis dasacavad gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebi (ixileT Semdgomi qveTavebi). Tuki Semakavebeli orderis gamocemis sakiTxis ganxilvisas, saxezea saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis niSnebi, kerZod: cema, gaupatiureba, janmrTelobis dazianeba da sxva, saqmis masalebi egzavneba Sinagan saqmeTa saministros teritoriul ganyofilebas, sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvris sakiTxis gadasawyvetad. materialuri zianis miyenebis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, mimarToT saqalaqo sasamarTlos samoqalaqo kolegias, zianis anazRaurebis moTxovniT. aseve, Zaladobis faqtis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba mimarToT saubno samsaxurs (saubno inspeqtors), romelsac evaleba SemTxvevis Sesaxeb informaciis gadacema Semdgomi reagirebisTvis, kerZod, _ Semakavebeli orderis gamosawerad. 189
Semakavebeli orderi gamoicema Zaladobis konkretuli faqtis safuZvelze. damtkicebis SemTxvevaSi, moqmedebs erTi Tvis vadamde2.
damcavi orderi damcavi orderi _ pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier administraciuli wesiT gamocemuli aqti, romelic gamoiwereba 6 Tvemde vadiT. SesaZlebelia aRniSnuli orderis moqmedebis vadis gagrZeleba, kidev 3 TviT. damcavi orderis gamowera xdeba administraciuli sasamarTlos mier. am SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa gancxadebis Setana administraciul sasamarTloSi, sacxovrebeli misamarTis mixedviT. gancxadebaSi aRwerili unda iyos konkretuli SemTxvevebi, perioduloba, konkretuli mowmeebi da sxva mtkicebulebebi Zaladobis faqtebis dasadastureblad. ra SeiZleba gamoviyenoT mtkicebulebad? adre gamowerili Semakavebeli orderebi, erTi mainc. aseve, cnobebi janmTrelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb (Tu Tqven aRgeniSnebodaT dazianebebi da amis Taobaze mimarTavdiT eqims), mowmeTa Cvenebebi, dazianebuli nivTebi da a.S. vis aqvs damcavi orderis moTxovnis ufleba? damcavi orderis moTxovnis ufleba aqvs msxverpls, misi ojaxis wevrs, an msxverplis TanxmobiT pirs, romelic msxverpls uwevs samedicino, iuridiul, fsiqologiur daxmarebas. arasrulwlovanis mimarT Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi, _ aseve meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos.
rogor iwereba gancxadeba damcavi orderis gamocemis moTxovniT? pirvel rigSi, gancxadeba damcavi orderis gamocemis Taobaze, warmodgenili unda iyos werilobiTi formiT. igi unda Seicavdes:
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Semakavebeli orderi _ policiis mier gamocemuli aqti, romelic gamocemidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, dasamtkiceblad waredgineba administraciul sasamarTlos. damtkicebis SemTxvevaSi, Semakavebeli orderi moqmedebs erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi.
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gancxadebis Semtani piris saxels, gvars; gancxadebis Semtani piris sacxovrebeli adgilis misamarTs; moZaladis sacxovrebeli an/da samuSao adgilis misamarTsa da telefonis (maT Soris, mobiluris) nomers, aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi; ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtis aRweras; cnobebs, moZaladisa da msxverplis, maTi urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb, (mowmobebi: dabadebis, qorwinebis da a.S.); mtkicebulebaTa CamonaTvals, riTac adasturebT Zaladobis faqtebs; damcavi orderis gamocemis moTxovnas (ixileT TandarTuli nimuSi diskze).
gaxsovdeT! nebismieri gancxadeba, Tu ar iqneba xelmowerili, ver moipovebs iuridiul Zalas da ver ganixileba, rogorc Tqveni an sxva Semtani piris nebis gamovlena.
ra xdeba gancxadebis Setanis Semdgom? gancxadebis ganxilva xdeba gancxadebis miRebidan, 10 dRis vadaSi. sasamarTlo ganixilavs konkretul faqtebsa da mtkicebulebebs. ganxilvis dros, sasurvelia orive mxaris daswreba. gancxadebis miRebis Semdeg, mosamarTle afrTxilebs ganmcxadebels Segnebulad cru dasmenisTvis, an cru CvenebisTvis, rac dasjadia sisxlis samarTlebrivi wesiT. amis Semdgom, sasamarTlo gamoiZaxebs pirs, vis mimarTac msxverpli moiTxovs orderis gamocemas, an sami dRis vadaSi, gamoiTxovs werilobiTi formis pasuxs. SemdgomSi, sasamarTlo ganixilavs da iRebs gadawyvetilebas: 1. damcavi orderis gamocemis; 2. an gamocemaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. 191
SemdgomSi, orderi SeiZleba gauqmdes an misi moqmedebis vada gagrZeldes (ixileT Semdgomi qveTavebi). saqme, SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnas daxurul sxdomaze. am SemTxvevaSi, sxdomas daeswrebian: msxverpli, moZalade, mosamarTle, mdivani. es SeiZleba moxdes sasamarTlos iniciativiT, an romelime mxaris moTxovniT.
Tqven, SegiZliaT daayenoT sakiTxi sxdomis daxurvis Taobaze da sasamarTlo valdebulia, daakmayofilos, vinaidan sakiTxi exeba pirad cxovrebas!
Tu saqme exeba arasrulwlovan bavSvs, am SemTxvevaSi, saqmis ganxilvaSi, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoc CaerTveba. Tu ixileba bavSvis mimarT Zaladobis faqtis sakiTxi, SeiZleba moxdes bavSvis gancalkeveba moZaladisgan an mSoblisgan. kanonis farglebSi, sanam ganixileba ZiriTadi gancxadeba, gancxadebis miRebidan 24 saaTSi, sasamarTlo uflebamosilia, droebiTi gadawyvetilebis saxiT, sakiTxis ganxilvamde, bavSvi gaacalkevos. ra aisaxeba damcav an Semakavebel orderebSi? damcav an Semakavebel orderSi mieTiTeba: misi gamocemis TariRi da adgili; garemoebebi, romlebic safuZvlad daedo mis gamocemas; moZaladis saxeli, gvari, dabadebis TariRi da adgili, profesia da sacxovrebeli adgili; moqmedebebis CamonaTvali, romlebic ekrZaleba moZalades. damcavi orderi SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes: msxverplis, masze damokidebuli piris, moZaladisgan dacvis zomebs; msxverplis, masze damokidebuli piris, moZaladisgan garidebisa da TavSesafarSi maTi moTavsebis sakiTxebs; 192
moZaladis valdebulebas, _ ar SezRudos msxverpli, isargeblos piradi nivTebiT, avtomanqaniT an sxva im qonebiT, romelic aucilebelia pirovnebis normaluri arsebobisTvis; moZaladis mier, TanasakuTrebiT erTpirovnulad sargeblobis uflebis akrZalvas; moZaladis arasrulwlovnisgan gancalkevebis, masTan Sexvedrisa da urTierTobis regulirebis sakiTxebs; moZaladis mxridan, msxverplTan, mis samsaxurTan da sxva im adgilebTan miaxlovebis sakiTxebs, sadac msxverpli imyofeba; orderis moqmedebis an orderiT gansazRvrul periodSi, moZaladisTvis iaraRiT (maT Soris, samsaxurebriv-saStato iaraRiT) sargeblobis uflebis SezRudvas an akrZalvas; aRniSnul periodSi, iaraRis SeZenis an SeZenaze nebarTvis, an licenziis mopovebis uflebis akrZalvasa da pirad sakuTrebaSi arsebuli an/da kuTvnili iaraRis (maT Soris, samsaxurebriv-saStato iaraRis) Senaxvis, an misi droebiT CamorTmevis pirobebs; moZaladis mier msxverplis mkurnalobis, TavSesafarSi yofnis da sxva, gonivrul farglebs mikuTvnebuli xarjebis anazRaurebis sakiTxebs; moZaladis sareabilitacio centrSi moTavsebis, misi sareabilitacio RonisZiebebisa da reabilitaciaze zedamxedvelobis sakiTxebs; gafrTxilebas orderiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze; aseve sxva sakiTxebs, romlebic aucilebelia msxverplis usafrTxoebisTvis. aRniSnuli sakiTxebi, konkretuli SemTxvevidan gamomdinare ganixileba. Semakavebeli orderi SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes: sakuTrebiT sargeblobis SezRudvas, miuxedavad imisa, igi am saxlis mesakuTrea Tu ara; msxverplis, masze damokidebuli piris moZaladisgan garidebisa da TavSesafarSi maTi moTavsebis sakiTxebs; 193
moZaladis mier, TanasakuTrebiT erTpirovnulad sargeblobis uflebis akrZalvas; moZaladis arasrulwlovnisgan gancalkevebis sakiTxebs; moZaladis mxridan msxverplTan, mis samsaxurTan da im sxva adgilebTan miaxloebis sakiTxebs, sadac msxverpli imyofeba; orderis moqmedebis an orderiT gansazRvrul periodSi, moZaladisTvis iaraRiT (maT Soris, samsaxurebriv-saStato iaraRiT) sargeblobis uflebis SezRudvas an akrZalvas, aRniSnul periodSi, iaraRis SeZenis an SeZenaze nebarTvis, an licenziis mopovebis uflebis akrZalvasa da pirad sakuTrebaSi arsebuli an/da kuTvnili iaraRis (maT Soris, samsaxurebriv-saStato iaraRis) Senaxvis, an misi droebiT CamorTmevis pirobebs; gafrTxilebas orderiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi (ixileT zemoT qveTavi pasuxismgeblobis Taobaze). aseve, sxva sakiTxebs, romlebic aucilebelia msxverplis usafrTxoebisTvis. sasamarTlos ufleba aqvs, gamocemul orderSi, miuTiTos zemoT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebidan erT-erTi, an yvela erTad, Zaladobis faqtis adeqvaturobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier gacemuli gadawyvetileba sabolooa Tu ara? miRebuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, misi miRebidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, mxareebs gadaecema. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba, saCivrdeba saapelacio wesiT (ixileT aseve Tavi `samarTlebrivi dacvis erovnuli da saerTaSoriso saSualebebi~), TqvenTvis dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis Cabarebidan 3 dRis vadaSi. dasabuTebul gadawyvetilebaSi igulisxmeba gadawyvetileba, sadac aRwerili iqneba faqtobrivi garemoebi, ganxiluli mtkicebulebebi, sasamarTlos msjeloba aRniSnulTan mimarTebaSi, aseve gadawyvetili sakiTxebi da miRebuli zomebi. gasaCivrebis survilis SemTxvevaSi, saCivari Setanili unda iqnas im sa-
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samarTloSi, romelmac ganixila saqme da TviT sasamarTlo uzrunvelyofs saCivris gadagzavnas. aRniSnuli wesi, vrceldeba aseve Semakavebel orderzec.
gaxsovdeT! gasaCivreba ar aCerebs gamocemuli damcavi an Semakavebeli orderis moqmedebas. gamocemuli gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba savaldebuloa. gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi, gadawyvetilebas iRebs saapelacio sasamarTlo, saCivris wardgenidan 7 dRis vadaSi.
gaxsovdeT! damcavi an Semakavebeli orderi, ZalaSi Sedis gamocemisTanave.
mxareTa gamoucxadebloba, ar aferxebs am muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvas Sesabamis sasamarTloSi. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, sabolooa da ar saCivrdeba. policia valdebulia, reagireba moaxdinos damcavi da Semakavebeli orderebis darRvevaze.
ra xdeba orderis gamocemis Semdgom? orive mxaris mier, aucileblad unda Sesruldes moTxovnebi. orderis darRveva iwvevs pasuxismgeblobas. miRebuli sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba, moTxovnebisa da valdebulebebis darRvevaze reagirebis mizniT, msxverplis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, aseve egzavneba saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros teritoriul saubno samsaxurs. Tuki orderi exeba aseve arasrulwlovan bavSvs, sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba egzavneba meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis Sesabamis adgilobriv organosac. 195
Tu sasamarTlo gadawyvetileba Seexeba iaraRTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs _ saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa saministros Sesabamis ganyofilebas, msxverplis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT. erTi egzemplari rCeba orderis gamomcem sasamarTloSi.
orderis moqmedebis vada orderi moqmedebs masSi miTiTebuli drois vadiT, eqvs Tvemde periodamde, Tu ar aris gagrZelebuli sasamarTlos mier. gagrZelebis SemTxvevaSi, _ moqmedebis vadis amowurvamde. SeiZleba moxdes orderis gauqmeba. damcavi orderis moqmedebis gauqmeba, SesaZlebelia mxareTa Serigebis gamo, ris Taobazec, saWiroa Tqveni da moZaladis mimarTva sasamarTlosadmi, erToblivi gancxadebiT.
orderis gauqmebis gamomricxavi garemoebebi Tuki saxezea Zaladobis faqti aseve ojaxis sxva wevrTa mimarT, gansakuTrebiT bavSvze, mxareTa Serigeba ar aferxebs orderebis damtkicebasa da gauqmebas.
ra xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msxverpli saWiroebs samedicino, fsiqologiur an sxva saxis daxmarebas? Tu saxlSi darCena, saSiSroebas warmoadgens sicocxlisTvis an janmTrelobisTvis?
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki msxverpli saWiroebs pirvelad da gadaudebel samedicino momsaxurebas da samarTlebriv daxmarebas, msxverpli moTavsdeba krizisul centrSi. rogorc wesi, krizisul centrSi moTavsdebian msxverplis statusis gareSe pirebi (ixileT Semdgomi qveTavebi), Tumca misi iq yofna, statusis miniWebis Semdgom SeiZleba, Tu igi ar gamoTqvams TavSesafarSi gadasvlis survils. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverpli, SeiZleba TavSesafarSi moTavsdes. TavSesafris adgilmdebareoba gasaidumloebulia da iq 196
gadayvana, policiis TanamSromlebis xelSewyobiT xorcieldeba. aRniSnuli TavSesafari, droebiTi ganTavsebis adgils warmoadgens, romelic fsiqologiur da sociologiur reabilitacias, iuridiul da samedicino daxmarebis mizans emsaxureba. arsebobs saxelmwifo TavSesafari, aseve arasamTavrobo organizaciebis bazaze Seqmnili TavSesafrebi da krizisuli centrebi (ixileT qveTavi organizaciebis sia).
ra xniT moTavsdeba msxverpli? krizisul centrSi, msxverpli moTavsdeba 3-5 dRis vadiT. TavSesafarSi, msxverpli moTavsdeba 3 Tvis vadamde. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, vada gagrZeldeba, magaliTad, Tu msxverplisTvis, misi mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, sasurvelia dawesebulebaSi darCena. TavSesafarSi moTavsebis vadis amowurvis Semdeg, msxverplis mimarT safrTxis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, TavSesafris administracia valdebulia, aRniSnulis Taobaze acnobos samarTaldamcav organoebs, Semdgomi reagirebisTvis.
msxverplis statusis miniWeba. ras warmoadgens aRniSnuli statusi Tuki msxverpls ar miumarTavs arc policiisTvis, arc sasamarTlosTvis, man SeiZleba uSualod mimarTos ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis RonisZiebaTa ganmaxorcielebel sauwyebaTaSoriso sabWosTan arsebul, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplis statusis ganmsazRvrel jgufs3 (ixileT gancxadebis nimuSi diskze).
msxverplis identificirebis jgufi iqmneba ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis RonisZiebaTa ganmaxorcielebeli sauwyebaTaSoriso sabWos mier. msxverplis identificirebis jgufi Sedgeba aranakleb 3 pirisgan, maT Soris socialuri muSakis, fsiqologisa da iuristisgan. gadawyvetileba miiReba saidentifikacio kiTxvaris miRebidan, 3 samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi.
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rogor xdeba statusis miniWeba gasaubrebis Sedegad, savaraudo msxverplis mier ivseba specialuri saidentifikacio kiTxvari. msxverplis identificirebis jgufi, uflebamosilia, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Sexvdes savaraudo msxverpls damatebiTi informaciis misaRebad. identificirebis jgufi, aRniSnuli kiTxvaris safuZvelze, ganixilavs msxverplis statusis gansazRvris sakiTxs. Tuki msxverpls TavSesafarSi moTavsebis survili eqneba, misi gadayvana SesaZlebelia ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa TavSesafarSi. statusis gansazRvramde, msxverpli SeiZleba ganTavsdes krizisul centrSi. savaraudo msxverplisTvis statusis miniWebisas, msxverplis identificirebis jgufma, msxverpls informacia unda miawodos TavSesafriT, krizisuli centriTa da sxva saxis daxmarebiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb. msxverplis identificirebis jgufis mier, savaraudo msxverplisTvis statusis miniWebis an miniWebaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi, msxverplis identificirebis jgufi, informacias awvdis adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fonds.
adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondi msxverplis identificirebis jgufi funqcionirebs adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT, romelic dResdReobiT ojaxuri Zaladobis sakiTxebzec muSaobs. saxelmwifo fondis mizania, trefikingisa da ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverplTa da dazaralebulTa dacvis, daxmarebisa da reabilitaciis RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba. kerZod, gaTvaliswinebuli statusis miniWebis SemTxvevaSi, fondi msxverplisTvis Semdgomi servisebis uzrunvelyofas axorcielebs. TqvenTvis sasargeblo informaciis wakiTxvas SeZlebT veb-gverdze: http://moh.gov.ge/page.php?86.
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msxverplis uflebebi 1. msxverplis vinaobis, misi janmrTelobisa da fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb miRebuli informacia konfidencialuria da misi gamJRavneba SesaZlebelia mxolod kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. 2. msxverplis TavSesafarSi an krizisul centrSi moTavsebis SemTxvevaSi, mas unarCundeba samuSao adgili imave Tanamdebobaze. 3. msxverplis statusis miniWebis Semdeg, msxverpli, saxelmwifo biujetidan, Sesabamisi programebiT gaTvaliswinebul saWiro daxmarebas miiRebs. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis bazaze Seqmnili TavSesafrebis servisebis misaRebad, zemoaRniSnuli statusis miniWeba, saWiro ar aris. moZaladis mimarT arsebuli meqanizmi kanonis mixedviT, moZaladeebisTvis unda Catardes sareabilitacio RonisZiebebi, mimarTuli moZaladis fsiqologiur-socialuri daxmarebisa da gajansaRebisken, calkeuli mavne Cvevebisgan (alkoholizmi, narkomania an iseTi fsiqikuri daavadeba, romelic Seracxadobas ar gamoricxavs) piris gankurnebisa da reabilitaciis mizniT. aseve, sareabilitacio RonisZiebebi, dakavSirebulia Zaladobis Semdgomi gamovlinebis Tavidan acilebasa da msxverplis Semdgomi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofasTan. amis uzrunvelsayofad, kanonis mixedviT, unda Seiqmnas specializirebuli sareabilitacio centrebi4. dResdReobiT, aRniSnuli centrebi jer ar arsebobs.
aseve gaxsovdeT! 1. Tuki Tqven brZandebiT binis mesakuTre, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, policiis meSveobiT, moiTxovoT sxva pirTa gasaxleba Tqveni kuTvnili qonebidan. amisTvis, saWiroa saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris #747 brZanebis gamoyeneba (`sakuTrebaSi
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sareabilitacio centri _ moZaladis droebiTi ganTavsebis adgili, romelic emsaxureba moZaladis reabilitacias, krizisul intervenciasa da samedicino daxmarebas, da iqmneba kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros sistemaSi, aseve arasamewarmeo iuridiuli piris mier.
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arsebuli uZravi nivTis xelyofis an sxvagvarad xelSeSlis aRkveTis zogierTi RonisZiebis Sesaxeb~). am SemTxvevaSi, mesakuTrem gancxadebiT unda mimarTos policiis saubno samsaxurs Tavisi sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT da moiTxovos gamosaxleba.
gancxadebaSi unda mieTiTos: mesakuTris gvari, saxeli da mamis saxeli, misamarTi, sakontaqto monacemebi, uZravi nivTis zusti adgilmdebareoba, gamosaxlebis moTxovnis Sinaarsi da dasabuTeba; gancxadebas Tan unda daerTos: 1. amonaweri sajaro reestridan; 2. sakadastro ruqa, an sakadastro gegma _ Tu sajaro reestridan amonaweris mixedviT, SeuZlebelia uZravi nivTis zusti misamarTis, an sxva parametrebis dadgena. aRniSnuli wesi, SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos ojaxuri Zaladobis drosac, rodesac gadawyvetili gaqvT cal-calke cxovrebis sakiTxi da moZalade binas ar tovebs. aRniSnuli wesi, zogad xasiaTs atarebs, Tu mesakuTris Tanxmobis gareSe, sxva piris mier, uZravi qonebiT sargebloba xdeba da igi uars acxadebs binis an sxva saxis sakuTrebis daclaze. ojaxuri Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven yovelTvis SegiZliaT mimarToT ubnis inspeqtors Tqveni sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT _ magaliTad, Tu moZaladis braliT problema SegeqmnaT saxlSi Sesvlisas, an sxva saxis sakiTxebze. ojaxuri davis dros, miuxedavad imisa, rom meuRleebi cal-calke cxovroben, xSir SemTxvevaSi, garkveuli saxis problemebi iqmneba bavSvTan urTierTobaSi. kerZod, moZalade, bavSvis saSualebiT, cdilobs kontroli ganaxorcielos an gavlena moaxdinos yofil meuRleze. umetes SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnuli, cudad moqmedebs bavSvze, vinaidan igi xdeba manipulaciis ganxorcielebis saSualeba.
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Tuki Tqven aRniSnul situaciaSi moxvdebiT, SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT Semakavebeli orderis an damcavi orderis saSualeba, an Tqveni sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT saqalaqo sasamarTlos samoqalaqo kolegias mimarToT sarCeliT, bavSvis sacxovrebeli adgilis gansazRvris Taobaze, meore mSobelTan da mis ojaxTan urTierTobis mowesrigebis moTxovniT. sanam sasamarTlo aRniSnulze imsjelebs, Tqven SegiZliaT, aRniSnuli sakiTxi, moawesrigoT droebiTi gankargulebis gamocemis saSualebiT (ixileT aseve Tavebi òjaxuri samarTali~ da samarTlebrivi dacvis erovnuli da saerTaSoriso saSualebebi). nebismier SemTxvevaSi, aucileblad gaiareT konsultacia Sesabamisi profilis iuristTan, vinaidan ojaxuri Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi, uflebaTa dacvis ramdenime saxis saSualeba arsebobs. zogjer, saWiroa ramdenime saSualebis erToblivad gamoyeneba, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, _ mxolod erTis, risi SerCevac sworad unda moxdes.
bolos, gisurvebT, rom ar gaxdeT ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverpli. Tumca, Tu es mainc moxdeba, Tqveni uflebebis dacva, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli meqanizmebis saSualebiT moxdeba.
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qalis uflebebi sisxlis samarTalSi
danaSauli sqesobrivi Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis winaaRmdeg
seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli, yvela qali SeiZleba gaxdes, amitom mniSvnelovania, yoveli maTgani flobdes informacias imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra qmedebebi iTvleba sqesobrivi xasiaTis danaSaulad da rogor icavs saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba dazaralebuls. sqesobrivi xasiaTis danaSauli im saxis danaSaulia, romelsac msxverpli Znelad iviwyebs. seqsualuri xasiaTis danaSauli iseT travmebs iwvevs, romelmac SeiZleba, xangrZlivi drois gasvlis Semdegac ki iCinos Tavi da sxvadasxva qmedebebSi gamovlindes. seqsualuri Zaladobis kvali ar qreba da fsiqikaze aucileblad axdens sxvadasxvagvar uaryofiT gavlenas. winamdebare TavSi, ganvixilavT sqesobrivi Tavisuflebisa da xelSeuxeblobis winaaRmdeg danaSaulis saxeebs. visaubrebT im qmedebebis Sesaxeb, romlebic saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, danaSaulad iTvleba da imaze, Tu ra saxis sasjelebia gaTvaliswinebuli am qmedebebisTvis. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 22-e TavSi mocemulia is danaSaulebi, romlebic icavs piris sqesobriv Tavisuflebasa da xelSeuxeblobas, aseve, mozardTa normalur zneobriv da fizikur ganviTarebas.
ras niSnavs sqesobrivi Tavisufleba? sqesobrivi Tavisufleba niSnavs piris uflebas, sakuTari surviliT airCios an ar airCios sqesobrivi partniori.
ra aris sqesobrivi danaSauli? sqesobrivi danaSauli aris iseTi qmedeba, romelic mimarTulia pirovnebis winaaRmdeg da miekuTvneba sqesobrivi urTierTobis sferos. 203
sqesobrivi xasiaTis Zaladobrivi moqmedeba aris sastiki, adamianis damamcirebeli da danaSaulebrivi moqmedeba. gaupatiureba da sqesobrivi xasiaTis ZalmomreobiT moqmedeba ar aris urTierTseqsualuri ltolvis Sedegi. am dros, sqesobrivi kavSiri mxolod imitom myardeba, rom es surs moZalades. am SemTxvevaSi, qals ar aqvs SesaZlebloba, Tavad gadawyvitos, visTan da rodis daamyaros intimuri kavSiri. umetes SemTxvevebSi, gaupatiurebis mcdelobasac SeiZleba igive Sedegi hqondes qalze, rogorc Tavad gaupatiurebis aqts. seqsualuri Zaladobrivi qmedebebi, mZime daRs asvams qalis cxovrebas, rac xSirad iwvevs uaryofiT moralur da fsiqologiur travmebs. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, sqesobrivi xasiaTis danaSaulebebia: gaupatiureba; seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba; sqesobrivi kavSiris an seqsualuri xasiaTis sxvagvari moqmedebis iZuleba; sqesobrivi kavSiri an seqsualuri xasiaTis sxvagvari moqmedeba Teqvsmeti wlis asaks miuRwevelTan; garyvnili qmedeba.
ra aris gaupatiureba? sqesobrivi kavSiri ZaladobiT, Zaladobis muqariT an dazaralebulis umweobis gamoyenebiT.
vin SeiZleba Caidinos gaupatiureba? nebismierma Seracxadma pirma, romelmac miaRwia 14 wlis asaks.
Seracxadia piri, romelic danaSaulis Cadenis dros, aris fsiqikurad janmrTeli da acnobierebs Tavisi danaSaulebrivi qmedebis Sedegebs. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis asakad, dadgenilia 14 weli. es niSnavs imas, rom piri pa204
suxs agebs Cadenili danaSaulisTvis im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mas ukve Seusrulda 14 weli. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 137-e muxlis1 Tanaxmad, gaupatiurebisTvis, sasjelis saxed dawesebulia, minimum oTxi, xolo maqsimum, _ oci wlis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. rogorc xedavT, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, seqsualur Tavisuflebas icavs, amitom, gaxsovdeT, mxolod Tqven gaqvT ufleba, airCioT Tqveni sqesobrivi partniori. gaupatiureba yvelaze saSiSi sqesobrivi danaSaulia, romelic sqesobriv danaSaulebs Soris, yvelaze gavrcelebulia. sqesobrivi kavSiri aris nebayoflobiTi fiziologiuri aqti, amitomac, gaupatiurebis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania, Zaladobis gamoyeneba dazaralebulis mimarT. Zaladoba, SesaZlebelia, ganxorcieldes cemiT, xel-fexis SeborkviT, piris axveviT, kidurebis gadagrexviT, an janmrTelobis dazianebis mizniT sxva saSualebebis gamoyenebiT. garda amisa, damnaSavem SeiZleba ar moaxdinos Zaladoba da igi daemuqros dazaralebuls, romelic SeiZleba ganaxorcielos sityvierad an iaraRis demonstrirebiT. am dros, damnaSavem, SesaZloa daaSinos dazaralebuli sxva piris (magaliTad: Svili, deda, da an sxva axlobeli adamiani) gaupatiurebis muqariTac. aseve SesaZlebelia, rom damnaSavem isargeblos dazaralebulis umweo mdgomareobiT da ise Caidinos gaupatiureba.
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saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 137-e muxli. gaupatiureba. 1. gaupatiureba, ese igi sqesobrivi kavSiri ZaladobiT, Zaladobis muqariT an dazaralebulis umweobis gamoyenebiT,- isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT oTxidan eqvs wlamde. 2. igive qmedeba: a) Cadenili samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT; b) ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba an sxva mZime Sedegi,- isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT eqvsidan cxra wlamde. 3. igive qmedeba, Cadenili: a) araerTgzis; b) imis mier, visac adre Cadenili hqonda am kodeqsis 138-e-141-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli romelime danaSauli; g) jgufurad; d) damnaSavisaTvis winaswari SecnobiT, orsuli qalis an arasrulwlovnis mimarT,- isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT cxridan Tormet wlamde. 4. igive qmedeba: a) Cadenili dazaralebulis an sxva piris mimarT, gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT; b) ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis sicocxlis mospoba,isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT Tormetidan TxuTmet wlamde. 5. gaupatiureba imisa, visac ar Sesrulebia ToTxmeti weli,- isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT TxuTmetidan oc wlamde.
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dazaralebuli aris umweo mdgomareobaSi, Tuki mas ar aqvs unari, winaaRmdegoba gauwios damnaSaves an ver acnobierebs mis mimarT ganxorcielebul moqmedebebs. ufro konkretulad ki, umweo mdgomareobaSi imyofeba dazaralebuli, Tuki is aris Rrmad moxucebuli, avadmyofi, fizikuri naklis mqone, alkoholuri (Zlier mTvrali) an narkotikuli saSualebebis zemoqmedebis qveS myofi da a.S. garda amisa, SesaZlebelia, dazaralebuli ver acnobierebdes, ra xdeba mis Tavs, radgan is aris suliT avadmyofi, gonebasusti an Rrma ZilSi myofi. aseTi viTarebis drosac, igulisxmeba, rom dazaralebuli aris umweo mdgomareobaSi.
rodis iTvleba dasrulebulad gaupatiureba? gaupatiureba dasrulebulad iTvleba, sqesobrivi kavSiris dawyebis momentidan.
damnaSavis dasjisas, gadamwyveti ar aris, ra urTierToba aqvs dazaralebuls masTan. igi SeiZleba iyos coli, yofili meuRle, sacole an sruliad ucxo adamiani, damnaSave mainc daisjeba mis mier Cadenili qmedebisTvis, Sesabamisad dadgenili wesiT. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs sxvadasxva damamZimebel garemoebebs. es imas niSnavs, rom damnaSave daisjeba ufro mZime sasjeliT mis mier Cadenili qmedebisTvis, Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: damnaSavem gamoiyena samsaxurebrivi mdgomareoba; gaupatiurebam gamoiwvia dazaralebulis janmrTelobis dazianeba an sxva mZime Sedegi; gaupatiureba Caidina araerTgzis (gaupatiureba araerTgzis Cadenilad CaiTvleba, Tu piri ukve iyo nasamarTlevi gaupatiurebis CadenisTvis); gaupatiureba Caidina im pirma, visac adre Cadenili hqonda romelime sqesobrivi danaSauli; gaupatiureba moxda jgufurad, igulisxmeba, rom gaupatiurebaSi monawileoba miiRo minimum orma pirma;
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damnaSavem winaswar icoda, rom dazaralebuli iyo orsuli an arasrulwlovani. orsulis gaupatiureba iTvleba ukidures uzneobad da aseT SemTxvevaSi, safrTxe emuqreba embrionis sicocxlisunarianobas. rac Seexeba arasrulwlovnis gaupatiurebas, aq igulisxmeba 14 wlidan 18 wlamde asakis mqone piris mimarT Cadenili qmedeba. esec iTvleba erT-erT mniSvnelovan damamZimebel garemoebad, radgan msgavsi qmedeba, dazaralebulis zneobriv da fizikur ganviTarebaze, uaryofiT gavlenas axdens; gaupatiureba moxda gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT. im sakiTxs, gaupatiureba Cadenilia Tu ara gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT, afasebs sasamarTlo. swored amitom, mniSvnelovania arsebobdes sasamarTlo-samedicino eqpsertizis daskvna. aRniSnuli daskvniT, unda dasturdebodes, rom dazaralebuls miadga mZime moraluri an fizikuri travma; gaupatiurebam gamoiwvia dazaralebulis sicocxlis mospoba. es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac gaupatiureba piris gardacvalebis pirdapiri da uSualo mizezi xdeba; dazaralebuli aris piri, romelsac ar Sesrulebia 14 weli.
amrigad, rogorc aRniSnuli CamonaTvalidan Cans, Tu gaupatiureba moxdeba zemoT aRwerili romelime punqtis Sesabamisad, damnaSave daisjeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 137-e muxlis Sesabamisad. da bolos, unda aRiniSnos ramdenime garemoeba, rac SeiZleba win uZRodes gaupatiurebas, kerZod: mniSvneloba ara aqvs, rogor iqceoda dazaralebuli gaupatiurebamde, cdilobda Tu ara mamakacis gamowvevas, provocirebas CacmulobiT, an JestikulaciiT; aseve, ar aris mniSvnelovani, rogori cxovrebis wesi aqvs dazaralebuls. magaliTad, Tu dazaralebuli msubuqi yofaqcevisaa, kanonmdebloba masac igivenairad icavs, rogorc nebismier qals.
ra aris seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba? seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba aris mamaTmavloba, lesboseloba an sxvagvari seqsualuri kontaqti, gaukuRmarTebuli formiT, romelic Cadenilia ZaladobiT, Zaladobis muqariT an dazaralebulis umweobis gamoyenebiT.
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vin SeiZleba iyos dazaralebuli? dazaralebuli SeiZleba iyos rogorc qali, aseve mamakaci.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 138-e muxlis2 Tanaxmad, seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedebisTvis, sasjelis minimaluri zoma aris oTxi, xolo maqsimaluri, _ oci wlis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. garda gaupatiurebisa, sqesobriv danaSauls warmoadgens iseTi qmedebebi, romlebic cnobilia mamaTmavlobiT, lesboselobiT, an sxvagvari seqsualuri kontaqtebis gaukuRmarTebuli formiT, romelic Cadenilia ZaladobiT, Zaladobis muqariT an dazaralebulis umweobis gamoyenebiT. swored es ganasxvavebs gaupatiurebasa da seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiT moqmedebas erTmaneTisgan. mamaTmavlobac da lesboselobac homoseqsualizmis nairsaxeobaa. es ukanaskneli, sakuTari sqesis warmomadgenlisadmi ltolvas niSnavs. kerZod, lesboselobis SemTxvevaSi, sqesobrivi kavSiri myardeba mdedrobiTi sqesis pirebs Soris, xolo mamaTmavlobis SemTxvevaSi, _ mamrobiTi sqesis pirebs Soris. Tu aseTi kontaqtebi dakavSirebulia ZaladobasTan, Zaladobis muqarasTan an dazaralebulis umweo mdgomareobis gamoyenebasTan, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, aseTi moqmedebebi dasjadia.
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saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 138-e muxli. seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba. 1. mamaTmavloba, lesboseloba an sxvagvari seqsualuri kontaqti gaukuRmarTebuli formiT, Cadenili ZaladobiT, Zaladobis muqariT an dazaralebulis umweobis gamoyenebiT, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT oTxidan eqvs wlamde. 2. igive qmedeba: a) Cadenili samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT; b) ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba an sxva mZime Sedegi, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT eqvsidan cxra wlamde. 3. igive qmedeba, Cadenili: a) araerTgzis; b) imis mier, visac adre Cadenili hqonda am kodeqsis 138-e-141-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli romelime danaSauli; g) jgufurad; d) damnaSavisTvis winaswari SecnobiT, orsuli qalis an arasrulwlovnis mimarT, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT cxridan Tormet wlamde. 4. igive qmedeba: a) Cadenili dazaralebulis an sxva piris mimarT, gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT; b) ramac gamoiwvia dazaralebulis sicocxlis mospoba, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT Tormetidan TxuTmet wlamde. 5. seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba, Cadenili imis mimarT, visac ar Sesrulebia ToTxmeti weli, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT TxuTmetidan oc wlamde.
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sxvagvar seqsualur kontaqtSi, gaukuRmarTebuli formiT, igulisxmeba arabunebrivi seqsualuri kontaqtis forma, rodesac qmedeba, garegnulad qmnis sqesobrivi kavSiris imitacias. aseTi qmedeba dasjadia, Tu igi Cadenilia ZaladobiT, Zaladobis muqariT an dazaralebulis umweo mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT.
gaxsovdeT, mniSvneloba ar aqvs, ra motiviTa da mizniT Caidina pirma seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiTi moqmedeba, igi aucileblad daeqvemdebareba kanoniT dadgenil pasuxismgeblobas. danaSauli damTavrebulad CaiTvleba, Tu zemoT aRniSnuli xerxebis gamoyenebiT, damnaSave daiwyebs dazaralebulTan gaukuRmarTebul seqsualur kontaqts.
ras aris sqesobrivi kavSiris an seqsualuri xasiaTis sxvagvari moqmedebis iZuleba? sqesobrivi kavSiris, mamaTmavlobis, lesboelobis an sxvagvari seqsualuri kontaqtis iZuleba, saxelgamtexi cnobis gaxmaurebis an qonebrivi dazianebis muqariT, anda materialuri, samsaxurebrivi an sxva damokidebulebis gamoyenebiT.
sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 139-e muxlis Tanaxmad, sqesobrivi kavSiris an seqsualuri xasiaTis sxvagvari moqmedebis iZulebisTvis, sasjelad dadgenilia jarima an gamasworebeli samuSao, 1 wlamde vadiT, xolo Tavisuflebis aRkveTis maqsimaluri vada aris sam wlamde. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qalze ganxorcieldeba muqara, didi saSiSroebaa imisa, rom masze ganxorcieldes iZulebiTi sqesobrivi kavSiri an seqsualuri xasiaTis sxvagvari moqmedeba misi nebis sawinaaRmdegod. aq igulisxmeba is garemoeba, rodesac aseTi iZuleba xdeba saxelgamtexi cnobis gaxmaurebiT an qonebrivi dazianebis muqariT. garda amisa, im SemTxvevaSic, rodesac dazaralebuli, damnaSaveze materialurad, samsaxurebrivad an sxvagvarad aris damokidebuli da am faqts iyenebs damnaSave.
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Seuracxmyofeli informaciis gavrcelebis Sedegad miyenebuli moraluri ziani gansakuTrebiT mZime daRs asvams qalis cxovrebas. aseTi SemTxvevebis dros, qalebma, SesaZloa, dumili amjobinon da ar moaxdinon Sesabamisi reagireba amgvar faqtebze. vinaidan sakiTxi aris Zalian delikaturi da dazaralebuli SesaZloa, SiSisa da damnaSavis zegavlenis qveS imyofebodes, amitom SesaZlebloba imisa, rom qali gaxdes amgvari mopyrobis msxverpli, didia. icodeT, rom Tqven Tavad qmniT sazogadoebriv azrs. swored amitom, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs Tqvens damokidebulebas, gabedulebas da droul reaqcias amgvari qmedebebis mimarT. miuxedavad imisa, rom aseT faqtebze saubari da saTanado reagireba, garkveulwilad, sirTuleebs ukavSirdeba, mTavaria ar moeqceT fsiqologiuri zegavlenis qveS da imoqmedoT gabedulad.
gaxsovdeT, Tqven gicavT kanoni!
ras niSnavs sqesobrivi kavSiri an seqsualuri xasiaTis sxvagvari moqmedeba Teqvsmeti wlis asaks miuRwevelTan? es aris srulwlovnis sqesobrivi kavSiri, mamaTmavloba, lesboseloba an sxvagvari seqsualuri kontaqti, gaukuRmarTebuli formiT im pirTan, romelsac Teqvsmeti weli jer ar Sesrulebia. am SemTxvevaSi, damnaSavem, winaswar unda icodes dazaralebulis asakis Sesaxeb. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 140-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Teqvsmet wlamde miuRwevel pirTan gaukuRmarTebuli formiT sqesobrivi kavSiris damyarebis SemTxvevaSi, minimalur sasjelad gansazRvrulia Tavisuflebis SezRudva sam wlamde vadiT, xolo maqsimaluri sasjeli, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis saxiT, aris sami weli. aRniSnul debulebaSi, mocemulia mxolod srulwlovanis sqesobrivi kavSiri, anu mamaTmavloba, lesboseloba, an sxvagvari seqsualuri kontaqti, gaukuRmarTebuli formiT, 16 wlis asaks miuRwevel pirTan. esec is SemTxvevaa, rodesac damnaSavem winaswar unda icodes, rom dazaralebuli 16 wlis asakis jer ar aris. 16 wlamde asakis mozardTan sqesobrivi kavSiri, zneobrivi TvalsazrisiT, xels uwyobs mis garyvnas. biologiuri Tvalsaz210
risiT ki, xels uSlis normalur fizikur ganviTarebas, vinaidan 16 wels miuRweveli mozardi, sqesobrivad, jer kidev moumwifebelia.
gaiTvaliswineT, rom 16 wels miuRwevel pirTan seqsualuri kontaqti, Tundac misive TanxmobiT dauSvebeli da dasjadia!
ra aris garyvnili qmedeba? Zaladobis gareSe Cadenili garyvnili qmedeba im pirTan, rodesac damnaSavem winaswar icis, rom dazaralebuls, Teqvsmeti weli jer ar Sesrulebia.
aRniSnuli danaSauli, isjeba jarimiT an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi vadiT erT wlamde, anda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT or wlamde. msgavsi sqesobrivi kavSiri nebayofilobiTia, magram dasjadia im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac damnaSavisTvis winaswar cnobilia, rom garyvnil qmedebas Cadis pirTan, romelsac 16 weli jer ar Sesrulebia. garyvnili qmedebis dros, damnaSave dazaralebulTan ar amyarebs seqsualur kontaqts, aramed sxvagvari qmedebiT axdens mis garyvnas. garyvnili qmedeba SesaZloa iyos ori saxis: fizikuri an inteleqtualuri. fizikuri garyvnili qmedebis dros, damnaSave amyarebs sqesobriv kavSirs an seqsualuri xasiaTis qmedebas sxva pirTan, an sakuTar sxeulze, da es yvelaferi xdeba 16 wels miuRweveli piris TandaswrebiT. inteleqtualuri garyvnili qmedeba, Tavisi SinaarsiT, arsebiTad gansxvavdeba fizikuri garyvnili qmedebisgan. aseT dros, damnaSave TviTon ar axorcielebs seqsualuri xasiaTis moqmedebas. is, SesaZloa, 16 wels miuRwevel pirs esaubros seqsualuri cxovrebis iseT detalebze, ramac SesaZloa, mozardSi seqsualuri ltolva gamoiwvios. am dros, damnaSave, vizualuri masaliT axdens mozardis provocirebas. kerZod, mozards uCvenebs pornografiul nawarmoebs, films, video Canawers, suraTs an sxva msgavsi tipis produqcias. am SemTxvevaSi, garyvnili qmedeba, SeiZleba Cadenili iqnas, rogorc mamrobiTi sqesis, aseve mdedrobiTi sqesis warmomadgenlis mimarT. 211
garyvnileba aris erTaderTi qmedeba sqesobriv danaSaulebebSi, romelic dakavSirebuli ar aris ZaladobasTan an Zaladobis gamoyenebis muqarasTan.
da bolos, gaxsovdeT, Tu Tqven gaxdiT am TavSi aRniSnuli romelime danaSaulis msxverpli: dauyovnebliv mimarTeT eqims da moiTxoveT werilobiTi samedicino daskvna; dauyovnebliv daukavSirdiT iurists da gaiareT konsultacia, raTa igi dagexmaroT Tqveni saqmis Sesabamisad warmarTvaSi.
qalTa uflebebis dacva saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT
orsulobis Sewyveta samedicino statistikis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi, Sobadoba mcirdeba, stabilurad maRalia dedaTa da bavSvTa avadobisa da sikvdilianobis maCveneblebi, rac kidev ufro amZimebs isedac rTul demografiul viTarebas. qveyanaSi, jer kidev ar aris kargad ganviTarebuli reproduqtologiuri samsaxuri. samwuxarod, abortebis raodenobis Sesaxeb realuri statistikuri monacemebi ar moipoveba.
_ ra aris aborti? _ orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyveta. saqarTveloSi, 1955 wlidan, aborti legalizebulia, romelic orsuli qalis TanxmobiT xdeba. misi Tanxmobis gareSe, muclis moSla, SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es ganpirobebulia ukiduresi aucileblobiT. es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac aborti, qalis sicocxlis gadarCenis erTaderT saSualebas warmoadgens. aborti ukanonod iTvleba, Tu es keTdeba kanoniTa da sxva normatiuli aqtebiT dadgenili wesis darRveviT. 212
`janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi naTqvamia, rom saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqes, ufleba aqvs, damoukideblad gansazRvros Svilebis raodenoba da maTi dabadebis dro. imave kanonis Tanaxmad, qalTa janmrTelobis dacva, abortebis Semcirebis gziT, saxelmwifos prioritetuli amocanaa. orsulobis nebayoflobiTi Sewyveta nebadarTulia mxolod licenzirebul samedicino dawesebulebaSi, licenzirebuli eqimis mier, da mxolod im SemTxvevebSi, Tu: a) orsulobis xangrZlivoba ar aRemateba Tormet kviras; b) orsuls, samedicino dawesebulebaSi, Cautarda winaswari gasaubreba da gasaubrebidan operaciamde gasulia sami dRis mosafiqrebeli vada. gasaubrebis dros, eqimma upiratesoba unda mianiWos nayofis sicocxlis dacvas. orsulobis nebayoflobiTi Sewyvetis Sesaxeb arCevani, qalis prerogativaa. `janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis 140-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis orsulobis SemTxvevaSi, aborti nebadarTulia mxolod samedicino da socialuri Cvenebebis mixedviT. samedicino Cvenebebis CamonaTvals adgens saqarTvelos janmrTelobis dacvis saministro. orsulobis Sewyvetis samedicino Cvenebebi, unda dadgindes licenzirebul ambulatoriul-poliklinikur, an stacionarul dawesebulebaSi, komisiuri wesiT, romlis SemadgenlobaSi unda Sediodes: dawesebulebis mTavari eqimi, mkurnali eqimi, iuristi da im specialobis eqimi, romlis sferoSic Sedis orsulis daavadeba (mdgomareoba). samedicino Cvenebebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, orsuls miecema daskvna, romelSic aRwerili iqneba sruli klinikuri diagnozi. es daskvna damowmebuli unda iyos zemoT CamoTvlili specialistebis xelmoweriT da dawesebulebis beWdiT. Tu orsuls aqvs fsiqiuri an veneriuli daavadeba, sabuTebi orsulobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb gadaecema uSualod im saavadmyofos (samSobiaro saxls), sadac pacients gadawyvetili aqvs orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis operaciis Catareba. aris iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac orsuli qalis daavadeba ar aris miTi213
Tebuli instruqciaSi. Tumca, aseTi daavadebis arsebobis gamo, orsulobis gagrZeleba ar SeiZleba, radgan SesaZloa, orsuli qalis sicocxle safrTxeSi aRmoCndes. msgavs SemTxvevebSi, sakiTxi orsulobis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb, ixileba komisiurad da pacientisadmi individualuri midgomiT.
ra vadamdea SesaZlebeli moxdes oruslobis xelovnurad Sewyveta, Tormeti kviris Semdeg? samedicino CvenebiT, Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis operacia, nebadarTulia Catardes orsulobis ocdaor kviramde.
sad tardeba orsulobis Sewyvetis operacia? Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis operacia unda Catardes mxolod licenzirebul, sameano-ginekologiuri profilis stacionarul dawesebulebaSi (ganyofilebaSi). im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis operacia gardauvali da Casatarebelia, maSin orsuli qali gadis Semdeg oficialur procedurebs: orsuli, gancxadebiT mimarTavs sameano-ginekologiuri profilis stacionaris mTavar eqims, an im mravalprofiliani saavadmyofos mTavar eqims, sadac funqcionirebs sameano-ginekologiuri ganyofileba; orsuli, gancxadebasTan erTad, waradgens samedicino daskvnas, Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis samedicino Cvenebis (sruli diagnozis) aRniSvniT; saavadmyofos (samSobiaro saxlis) mTavari eqimi, komisiuri wesiT ixilavs Semosul gancxadebas da daskvnas; komisiis sxdoma formdeba oqmis saxiT, komisiis SemadgenlobaSi unda Sediodes mTavari eqimi, moadgile samkurnalo dargSi, kaTedris warmomadgeneli (Tu kaTedra aris dawesebulebaSi), im specialobis eqimi, romlis sferoSic Sedis orsulis daavadeba (mdgomareoba) da iuristi; komisiis gadawyvetileba, Sesabamisi CanaweriT, formdeba avadmyofis samedicino dokumentSi (avadmyofobis istoriaSi) da mowmdeba wevrTa xelmoweriT; 214
samedicino CvenebiT, Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis operaciis Catarebis Taobaze, dadgenili wesiT, Canaweri keTdeba e.w. `simarTlis wignSi~; samedicino CvenebiT, Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis operaciis Catarebis Taobaze, saavadmyofo (samSobiaro saxli), dadgenili wesiT, gascems forma N 27-s. aRniSnuli forma, gaicema qalTa teritoruli konsultaciisaTvis an ambulatoriul-poliklinikuri dawesebulebisTvis. garda im samedicino Cvenebebisa, rodesac orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyveta aucilebelia, aris sxva pirobebic, romelic kavSirSi ar aris samedicino mdgomareobasTan. kerZod, kanoniT, orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyveta, nebadarTulia Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: Tu qals ar Sesrulebia 15 weli. Tu qalis asaki gadacilebulia 45 wels. Tu orsuloba gamoiwvia gaupatiurebam da es dadgenilia sasamarTlos mier. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, aborti ukanonod CaiTvleba, rodesac is keTdeba aralicenzirebul samedicino dawesebulebaSi. garda amisa, savaldebuloa, eqims hqondes saeqimo saqmianobis uflebis damadasturebeli saxelmwifo serTifikati. aseve aucilebelia, abortis ganxorcielebisas, daculi iyos sanitarul-higienuri normebi da sxva. orsulobis Sewyveta, SesaZloa moxdes operaciis gziT, meqanikuri an toqsikuri zemoqmdebis xerxiT. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 133-e muxlis3 Tanaxmad, abor3
1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 133-e muxli, ukanono aborti. 1. ukanono aborti, ) isjeba jarimiT an sazogadoebisTvis sasargeblo SromiT, vadiT asidan oras ormoc saaTamde anda gamasworebeli samuSaoTi, vadiT erTidan or wlamde. 2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili ukanono abortisTvis msjavrdebulis mier, an ramac gamoiwvia Svilosnobis samudamo moSla an sxva mZime Sedegi, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis SezRudviT, vadiT sam wlamde anda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT erTidan sam wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT, vadiT sam wlamde. 3. ukanono aborti, ramac gamoiwvia sicocxlis mospoba, - isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkve-
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ti, romelic keTdeba kanoniTa da sxva normatiuli aqtebiT dadgenili wesis sawinaaRmdegod, ukanonod iTvleba da dasjadia. es danaSauli, dasrulebulad CaiTvleba orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis, anu dedis organizmidan nayofis gamodevnis momentidan. amrigad, orsulobis Sewyvetisas, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas zemoT aRwerili yvela procedura da standarti, romelic dadgenilia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu aRniSnuli wesebis darRveva moxdeba, es gamoiwvevs im piris sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas, romelmac ganaxorciela orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyveta.
danaSauli adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis winaaRmdeg

adamianis Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva adamianis uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, demokratiul sazogadoebaSi, umaRles faseulobebs warmoadgenen. saqarTvelos konstitucia, sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa saerTaSoriso aqtebi, aRiareben da icaven adamianis uflebebs. sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 23-e TavSi, mocemulia normebi, romlebic warmoadgenen moqalaqeTa (ara marto saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa) pirad, socialekonomikur da politikur uflebaTa dacvis sisxlissamarTlebriv garantias. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis es nawili, moicavs im danaSaulebebs, romlebic mimarTulia adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis winaaRmdeg. winamdebare nawilSi, visaubrebT adamianis Tanasworuflebianobis darRvevisa da Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTis Sesaxeb. ras niSnavs adamianis Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva? es aris rasis, kanis feris, enis, sqesis, religiisadmi damokidebulebis, aRmsareblobis, politikuri an sxva Sexedulebis, erovnuli, eTnikuri, socialuri, romelime wodebisadmi an sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebisadmi kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis an qonebrivi mdgomareobis gamo, adamianis Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva, ramac arsebiTad xelyo adamianis ufleba.
TiT, vadiT samidan xuT wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT vadiT sam wlamde.
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saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 142-e muxlis4 Tanaxmad, am saxis danaSaulisTvis, sasjelis saxed dadgenilia jarima, gamasworebeli samuSao, saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeva an Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, romlis maqsimaluri vadaa sami weli. gaxsovdeT, rom garda sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobisa, aRniSnuli ufleba, daculia saqarTvelos konstituciis me-14 muxliT, romlis Tanaxmadac: yvela adamiani, dabadebiT Tavisufalia da kanonis winaSe Tanasworia, ganurCevlad rasisa, kanis ferisa, enisa, sqesisa, religiisa, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebisa, erovnuli, eTnikuri da socialuri kuTvnilebisa, warmoSobisa, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobisa, sacxovrebeli adgilisa. qalebi, saukuneebis manZilze cdilobdnen, sazogadoebaSi, sadac mamakacebi dominirebdnen, moepovebinaT igive uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi, rac mamakacebs gaaCndaT. albaT, swored am faqtma ganapiroba, rom 2010 wlis 26 marts, miRebuli iqna kanoni genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb. kanonSi, mocemulia genderuli Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofis garantiebi. ra aris genderi? genderi aris sqesTa Soris urTierTobis socialuri aspeqti, romelic gamoxatulia sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi da gulisxmobs socializaciiT ganpirobebul Sexedulebebs ama Tu im sqesze5. ase magaliTad, kanoni uzrunvelyofs qalisa da mamakacis Tanaswor, individualur uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebs diskriminaciis gareSe. garda
4
2. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 142-e muxli, adamianTa Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva. 1. adamianTa Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva maTi rasis, kanis feris, enis, sqesis, religiisadmi damokidebulebis, aRmsareblobis, politikuri an sxva Sexedulebis, erovnuli, eTnikuri, socialuri, romelime wodebisadmi an sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebisadmi kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis an qonebrivi mdgomareobis gamo, ramac arsebiTad xelyo adamianis ufleba, - isjeba jarimiT an gamasworebeli samuSaoTi, vadiT erT wlamde, anda Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT or wlamde. 2. igive qmedeba a) samsaxurebrivi mdgomareobis gamoyenebiT; b) ramac mZime Sedegi gamoiwvia, - isjeba jarimiT an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT sam wlamde, Tanamdebobis dakavebis an saqmianobis uflebis CamorTmeviT, vadiT sam wlamde an uamisod. saqarTvelos kanoni genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb, muxli 3, à~ qvepunqti.
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amisa, kanoni aRiarebs Tanasworobas SromiTi urTierTobebisas, rac imas niSnavs, rom saxelmwifo xels uwyobs dasaqmebis Tanabar xelmisawvdomobas orive sqesis pirTaTvis. genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb kanonis Tanaxmad, genderul Tanasworobaze zedaxmedvelobas, saxelmwifo axorcielebs. garda amisa, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli, Tavisi kompetenciis farglebSi, uzrunvelyofs genderuli Tanasworobis dacvis monitorings da reagirebas axdens genderuli Tanasworobis darRevvaze. ra aris diskriminacia? diskriminacia anu adamianTa Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva, aris gamorCeva, SezRudva an upiratesobis miniWeba Tanabari uflebebis mqone adamianebisadmi, romelic laxavs Tanasworobis princips da xelyofs adamianis uflebebs. Tumca, adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis TvalsazrisiT, yvela saxis gamorCeuli damokidebuleba ar aris diskriminacia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu adgili aqvs diskriminacias, mniSvnelovania dadgindes, ra niSniT moxda adamianTa Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva. am niSnebs Soris, erT-erTi aris sqesi. diskriminacia sqesis niSnis mixedviT, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, rCeba socialuri usamarTlobis farTod gavrcelebul formad. gaxsovdeT, rom qali da mamakaci, ojaxsa da sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, Tanasworuflebiania. adamianTa Tanasworuflebianobis darRveva sqesis niSnis mixedviT, SesaZloa arsebobdes sazogadoebis kulturisa da cxovrebis nebismier aspeqtSi. aseTi diskriminacia, SeiZleba gamoixatos adamianTa urTierTobebSi, rac kidev ufro aZlierebs mas. magaliTad, azri imis Sesaxeb, rom mxolod erTi sqesis adamiani SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas samuSaoze (garda gansakuTrebiT gamonaklisi SemTxvevebisa), udavoa, ar Seesabameba adamianis uflebaTa ZiriTad principebs. sqesis niSniT diskriminacia xdeba maSin, rodesac piris mimarT mopyroba gansxvavdeba mxolod sqesis safuZvelze. bunebrivia, sqesis niSniT diskriminacias, ar aqvs gamarTleba da ra formiTac unda iyos gamoxatuli, ewinaaRmdegeba samarTlianobis principebs. amitomac, msgavsi moqmedebebi, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, isjeba. 218
aqve, xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod iseTi mopyroba, romelic emyareba gonivrul da obieqtur kriteriumebs, SeiZleba iyos gamarTlebuli demokratiul sazogadoebaSi.
Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa
ra aris Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa? Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa aris piris iZulebiTi dakaveba, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gareSe.
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 143-e muxlis mixedviT, Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTisTvis, dawesebulia minimaluri sasjeli _ ori wlis, xolo maqsimaluri, _ Tormeti wlis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. saqarTveloSi, sakmaod gavrcelebuli iyo qalis motaceba, rogorc qorwinebis erT-erTi forma. qarTuli samarTali ebrZoda mas, rogorc dromoWmul Cveulebas. X-XI saukuneebSi, saqorwino kavSiris damyareba, ukve mSoblebis molaparakebis gziT xdeboda, magram motacebis instituti Zalian didxans iqna SenarCunebuli. es, erTis mxriv, ufrosi Taobis winaaRmdeg protesti iyo, meores mxriv, _ romantikuli sasiyvarulo Tavgadasavali. Tumca, Zalian bevri cudi Sedegebic mohyolia qorwinebis aseT formas. Tu mSoblebs ar moswondaT Svilebis arCevani, isini iwyebdnen aqtiur brZolas maT dasacileblad. gansakuTrebiT mZime dReSi iyvnen gogonebi, romlebic TavianTi nebis sawinaaRmdegod moitaces. xSir SemTxvevaSi, maT mSoblebi ar TanaugrZnobdnen da sazogadoebrivi azris gavleniT, gogonebi iZulebulni iyvnen, beds Sehguebodnen. Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa SeiZleba moxdes motacebiT. magaliTad, qali moitaces colad SerTvis mizniT, misi nebis sawinaaRmdegod, Casves manqanaSi da gaitaces. miuxedavad misi daJinebuli moTxovnisa, manqana ar gauCeres da ar misces gadmosvlis SesaZlebloba. msgavsi formiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, saqarTveloSi, metad gavrcelebuli formaa. Tumca, Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa, SesaZloa ganxorcieldes adamianis motyuebiT, anu igi miiyvanon im adgilas, sadac moxdeba misi damwyvdeva. rogorc vxedavT, Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa aris piris iZulebiTi dakaveba, rodesac mas ar aqvs SesaZlebloba, gadaadgildes Tavisufalad. 219
swored msgavsi qmedebebi SeiZleba CaiTvalos Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTad, romelic dasjadia saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 143-e muxlis Tanaxmad, amitom: gaxsovdeT, aravis aqvs ufleba, aRkveTos an sxvagvarad SezRudos Tqveni Tavisufleba, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gareSe.
adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi)
bolo periodSi, kriminalur bizness, kidev erTi sarfiani sfero _ adamianiT vaWroba daemata da adamiani yidva-gayidvis obieqtad iqca. kacobriobis ganviTarebasTan erTad, viTadeba trefikingic. izrdeba misi masStabebi, sisastike da moTxovnilebebi. es imiTaa gamowveuli, rom igi yvelaze didi aralegaluri biznesia iaraRiTa da narkotikebiT vaWrobis Semdeg. adamianiT vaWroba, didi xania gascda qveynis farglebs da man saerTaSoriso xasiaTi miiRo. aralegaluri migrantebis gadayvana da eqspluatacia, globaluri biznesi gaxda, romelsac udidesi Semosavali moaqvs. aRniSnul sferoSi moRvawe kriminaluri seqtoris mogeba, msoflios masStabiT, 5-dan 7 miliard dolaramde aRwevs weliwadSi. sul ufro meti danaSaulebrivi gaerTianeba gadadis narkotikebiT vaWrobidan adamianebiT vaWrobaze im mizeziT, rom Semosavlianoba izrdeba, riskebi ki mcirdeba. rogorc wesi, adamianebis eqspluatacia, xangrZlivi xasiaTisaa. Rarib qveynebs, ar SeuZliaT akontrolon demografiuli procesebi, rac SemdgomSi dakavSirebulia masobriv emigraciasTan, rasac iwvevs ekonomikuri da yofiTi problemebi. swored amis Sedegia Tanamedrove bazris `monebiT~ gajereba. ase rom, adamianebiT vaWrobam, farTo gavrceleba hpova da igi transnacionaluri danaSaulebrivi saqmianobis dinamiurad ganviTarebadi, maRal Semosavliani saqmianobis saxeobad iqca. adamianis yidva SeiZleba moxdes fulis gadaxdiT, raime nivTSi gacvliT anda valis sanacvlod. sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobas eqvemdebareba rogorc myidveli, ise gamyidveli. ra aris trefikingi? monobis Tanamedrove forma, romelic gamoixateba adamianebis mimarT eqspluataciiT. 220
ras aris eqspluatacia? piris gamoyeneba iZulebiT SromisTvis an momsaxurebisaTvis, misi danaSaulebriv an sxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebaSi an prostituciaSi Cabma, monobis msgavs mdgomareobaSi an monobis Tanamedrove pirobebSi Cayeneba, seqsualuri eqspluatacia an sxva saxis momsaxurebis gawevis iZuleba, agreTve piris gamoyeneba sxeulis organos nawilis an qsovilis gadanergvisaTvis, anda sxva mizniT. vin aris trefikingis msxverpli? piri, romelsac adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) danaSaulis Sedegad, miadga moraluri, fizikuri an qonebrivi ziani da romelic saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, miCneulia trefikingis msxverplad. vin aris dazaralebuli? piri, romelic saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431 (adamianiT vaWroba) da 1432 (arasrulwlovniT vaWroba) muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebul danaSaulSi, cnobilia dazaralebulad. ras niSnavs SantaJi? piris iZuleba, Seasrulos an ar Seasrulos raime moqmedeba, misTvis an misi axloblebisTvis saxelis gamtexi, an sxva saziano cnobebis gaxmaurebis muqariT. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1431, 1432, 1433 muxlebi, moicavs sakiTxebs adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis), arasrulwlovniT vaWrobis (trefikingis) da adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplis (dazaralebulis) momsaxurebiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb. am normebis Sesamabisad, aRwerili danaSaulebisTvis, sasjelis minimalur zomad dawesebulia Svidi wlis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, xolo maqsimalur zomad, _ uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. es ukanaskneli, gaTvaliswinebulia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arasrulwlovniT vaWroba Cadenilia organizebuli jgufis mier, an trefikingma gamoiwvia arasrulwlovnis sicocxlis mospoba an sxva mZime Sedegi. trefikingis danaSauli sxvadasxva etapebisgan Sedgeba, kerZod: piris gadabireba _ motyuebiT an Zalismieri gziT;
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gadayvana _ kanonierad an ukanonod, sazRvrebis gadakveTa an qveynis farglebSi gadaadgileba; eqspluatacia _ adamianebis movaWris mier, msxverplis gamoyeneba an gayidva materialuri sargeblis miRebis mizniT. 2006 wlis 28 aprils, miRebuli iqna kanoni adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb, romlis ZiriTadi miznebia: daicvas adamianiT vaWrobis msxverplTa uflebebi da am gziT, Tavidan iqnes acilebuli adamianiT vaWroba; daicvas adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverpli, gauwios daxmareba da moaxdinos maTi reabilitacia; gansazRvros Sesabamisi saxelmwifo organoebis, saerTaSoriso organizaciebisa da sxva struqturebis TanamSromlobis principebi, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli adamianiT vaWroba (trefikingi). rogorc xedavT, garda saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobisa, trefikingis msxverpls icavs aseve aRniSnuli kanoni, romliTac gansazRvrulia saxelmwifo organoebis kompetencia da meqanizmebi, adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) Tavidan acilebis sferoSi. aRniSnuli kanonis me-9 muxlis safuZvelze, Seiqmna adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa dacvisa da daxmarebis saxelmwifo fondi. fondis mizania, msxverplTa da dazaralebulTa dacva, daxmareba da reabilitacia. am miznis gansaxorcieleblad, fondi valdebulia: daicvas msxverplTa da dazaralebulTa kanonieri interesebi; moaxdinos dazaralebulTa da msxverplTa TavSesafriT uzrunvelyofa; gauwios iuridiuli daxmareba; gauwios fsiqologiuri da samedicino daxmareba; xeli Seuwyos dazaralebulTa da msxverplTa reabilitacias, ojaxsa da sazogadoebaSi. aRniSnul valdebulebaTa gansaxorcieleblad, fondTan Seiqmna ori TavSesafari, romlis momsaxurebiT sargebloba SeuZliaT adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplsa da dazaralebulebs. aqve isic unda aRiniSnos, rom TavSesafarSi moTavseba xdeba mxolod msxverplis an dazara222
lebulis TanxmobiT, sadac cxovrebis xangrZlivoba gansazRvrulia 3 Tvis vadiT. aRniSnuli vada, SesaZlebelia gagrZeldes saWiroebisda mixedviT, TavSesafris administratoris mier. rac Seexeba TavSesafris datovebas, esec msxverplis an dazaralebulis survilis mixedviT xdeba. TavSesafarSi, msxverplTa da dazaralebulTaTvis, uzrunvelyofilia: usafrTxo sacxovrebeli adgili; sakvebi da tansacmeli; fsiqologiuri konsultacia; iuridiuli daxmareba; informaciis miReba gasageb enaze; ojaxsa da sazogadoebaSi, reabilitaciisa da integraciisTvis, moklevadian programebSi monawileoba. ekomonikuri da yofiTi problemebis gadasaWrelad, qalebi xSirad iZlebulebi arian, datovon samSoblo da materialuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad, daTanxmdnen garkveuli samuSaos Sesrulebas (ojaxSi moxucis momvlelad, mosamsaxured an Cvilis ZiZad muSaobas da a.S.). samwuxarod, swored aseT dros, adamiani xSirad xdeba motyuebuli da trefikingis msxverpli. trefikingi is danaSaulia, romelic msxverpls ayenebs did sulier Tu fizikur zians. xSirad, samedicino Carevis SemTxvevaSic ki, ver xerxdeba msxverplis fizikuri da sulieri janmrTelobis aRdgena. imisTvis, rom msgavs danaSaulebze moaxdinoT drouli da adeqvaturi reagireba, saWiroa icodeT im samarTlebrivi saSualebebis gamoyeneba, rac gaTvaliswinebulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT. amitom, Tu Tqven gaxdiT trefikingis msxverpli, icodeT rom: adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplis statusis miniWebis sakiTxs sakoordinacio sabWosTan Seqmnili mudmivmoqmedi jgufi wyvets. msxverplis statusis miniWebis Sesaxeb, trefikingis msxverplTa momsaxurebis an sxva Sesabamis dawesebulebas (TavSesafars), mimarTavs konkretuli piri. jgufi, gadawyvetilebas iRebs, ara ugvianes 48 saaTisa; im SemTxvevaSi, Tu trefikingis danaSaulis Sedegad dazaralebul pirs, mieniWeba msxverplis statusi, mas aqvs ufleba, mimarTos trefikingis msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawesebulebas (TavSesafars);
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trefikingis msxverpls, ufleba aqvs isargeblos mosafiqrebeli vadiT _ aranakleb 30 dRisa. es periodi, pirs sWirdeba imisTvis, rom miiRos saboloo gadawyvetileba, iTanamSromlos Tu ara samarTaldamcav organoebTan; aRniSnuli vadis aTvla iwyeba swored im dRidan, rac piri mimarTavs trefikingis msxverplTa momsaxurebis dawesebulebas, samarTaldamcav organos, an sxva Sesabamis dawesebulebas; trefikingis msxverpli, mxolod mosafiqrebeli vadis ganmavlobaSi Tavisufldeba sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisgan, misces Cveneba, rogorc mowmem an dazaralebulma; trefikingis msxverplTa da dazaralebulTa samarTlebrivi dacva, garantirebulia kanoniT; adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa da mowmeTa vinaoba, misamarTebi da sxva piradi informacia, saidumloa da misi gamJRavneba akrZalulia, garda kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa; trefikingis msxverplisa da dazaralebulis pasuxismgeblobisgan gaTavisuflebis sakiTxi, dadgenilia kanoniT. kerZod, Tu trefikingis msxverplad an dazaralebulad yofnis gamo: - ukanonod gadakveTeT saxelmwifo sazRvari; - daamzadeT, gaasaReT an gamoiyeneT yalbi dokumenti, beWedi, Stampi an blanki; - eweodiT prostitucias; - saqarTveloSi cxovrobdiT, saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa da saqarTveloSi mcxovreb ucxoelTa registraciisTvis dadgenili wesebis darRveviT; adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverpls, ufleba aqvs moiTxovos danaSaulis Sedegad miyenebuli moraluri, fizikuri an qonebrivi zianis anazRaureba; im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es SeuZlebelia, maSin, masze fondidan gaicema kompensacia, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT; saxelmwifo valdebulia, adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplis TanxmobiT, misi moTavseba moaxdinos Rirseuli arsebobisTvis Sesafer, usafrTxo sacxovrebelSi; dauSvebelia dazaralebulis moTavseba dakavebis adgilebis, patim224
robisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebSi, garda kanoniT dadgenili gamonaklisebisa da im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac SesaZlebelia dazaralebulis gancalkevebiT moTavseba; adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplis momsaxurebis dawesebuleba (TavSesafari) valdebulia, adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverpls, gauwios samedicino da fsiqologiuri daxmareba, ufaso iuridiuli konsultacia da daxmareba. aRniSnuli kanonis Tanaxmad, gansxvavebuli reJimia dadgenili arasrulwlovan msxverplTan dakavSirebiT. am SemTxvevaSi, Tu msxverpli aris arasrulwlovani, anu piri, romelsac jer ar Sesrulebia 18 weli. àdamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonis Tanaxmad: adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverplTa, dazaralebulTa daxmarebisa da reabilitaciis ganxorcielebisas, yvela is dawesebuleba, romelic eweva msxverplTa momsaxurebas, valdebulia gaiTvaliswinos msxverplis asaki, sqesi da specialuri moTxovnebi; gansakuTrebiT didi yuradReba unda daeTmos bavSvebs, romlebic uzrunvelyofilni unda iyvnen Sesabamisi sacxovrebeli pirobebiTa da ganaTlebiT. Sesabamisad, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos bavSvTa specialuri moTxovnebi; im SemTxvevaSi, Tu trefikingis msxverplis asaki ar aris dadgenili da ivaraudeba, rom aris arasrulwlovani, maSin igi CaiTvleba arasrulwlovnad. aRniSnuli msxverplis mimarT, ganxorcieldeba specialuri dacvis RonisZiebebi iqamde, sanam ar dadgindeba misi zusti asaki; miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifoSi Seqmnilia trefikingis msxverplTa dacvis Sesabamisi saSualebebi, aucilebelia, yvela adamiani moiqces yuradRebiT da kargad dafiqrdes, vidre saboloo gadawyvetilebas miiRebs. sazRvargareT wasvla, ar niSnavs imas, rom Tqveni ekonomikuri da yofiTi problemebi, aucileblad mogvardeba da Tqven mSvidobiT dabrundebiT samSobloSi.
gaxsovdeT, rom Tqvenma daufiqrebelma gadawyvetilebam, SeiZleba mZime da fataluri Sedegebi gamoiwvios.
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Tu sazRvargareT wasvlas apirebT, sifrTxile gamoiCineT da daicaviT Tqveni usafrTxoebis minimaluri zomebi: ar endoT nebismier turistul da dasaqmebis saagentos, romelic ucxoeTSi muSaobas gTavazobT; ar gadasceT piradobis damadasturebeli dokumentebi (piradobis mowmoba, pasporti) aravis; ar moaweroT xeli kontraqts, iuristTan konsultaciis gareSe; Tu aRmoCndiT saeWvo viTarebaSi, rodesac yvelaferi jer kidev dasrulebuli ar aris, dauyovnebliv daukavSirdiT iurists da gaiareT konsultacia!
danaSauli ojaxisa da arasrulwlovnis winaaRmdeg
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-7 TavSi, mocemulia danaSauli ojaxisa da arasrulwlovnis winaaRmdeg. Svilad ayvanis mizniT, fexmZime qalebis winaswari SerCeva da mSobiarobisTvis saqarTvelos farglebs gareT gayvanis SesaZleblobis Seqmna da aseT gaSvilebaSi xelis Sewyoba, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1721-e muxlis Tanaxmad, dasjadia, romlisTvisac sasjelis minimalur zomad, dawesebulia sami wliT, xolo maqsimalur zomad, _ cxra wlis vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. aRniSnuli danaSauli, sazogadoebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT saSiSia. Svilad ayvanis mizniT, orsuli qalebis winaswar SerCevas da sazRvargareT gayvanas, Sedegad mosdevs is, rom axalSobilis gaSvileba xdeba sazRvargareT da amis gamo, saqarTvelo kargavs moqalaqeebis nawils. es danaSauli gamoixateba Semdeg qmedebebSi: fexmZime qalebis winaswari SerCeva da mSobiarobisTvis, saqarTvelos farglebs gareT gayvanis SesaZleblobis Seqmna; aseT gaSvilebaSi xelSewyoba. am ori qmedebidan erT-erTis Cadena, sakmarisia imisTvis, rom danaSauli damTavrebulad CaiTvalos. swored amitom, mniSvneloba ar aqvs, realurad moxda Tu ara bavSvis gaSvileba sazRvargareT. 226
ras gulisxmobs orsuli qalebis SerCeva? qalebis gamoZebnas, maTTan molaparakebas da gadmobirebas (magaliTad, fulis dapirebiT) da a.S. ras gulisxmobs sazRvargareT gayvanisTvis SesaZleblobebis Seqmna? es SesaZloa, iyos saTanado (SesaZloa, yalbi) dokumentaciis gaformeba imisTvis, rom moxdes qalebis sazRvargareT gayvana. amasTan, mniSvneloba ara aqvs, orsuli qalebi, saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi arian, moqalaqeobis armqone pirebi Tu ucxoelebi, romlebic mudmivad cxovroben saqarTveloSi. am SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelovania is, rom orsuli qalebis SerCeva da saqarTvelodan gayvanisTvis Seqmnis saTanado SesaZlebloba moxdes saqarTvelos teritoriaze. garda sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobisa, ojaxisa da mozardis interesebs icavs saqarTvelos konstitucia, romlis Tanaxmad: saxelmwifo xels uwyobs ojaxis keTildReobas. xolo, dedaTa da bavSvTa uflebebi daculia kanoniT.
prostituciaSi Cabma da prostituciisTvis adgilis an sacxovreblis gadacema

prostitucia, laTinuri sityvebis pro da statuere Serwymidan momdinareobs da `win wamowevas~, `saCveneblad gamotanas~ niSnavs. saqarTvelos istoriografiasa da mwerlobaSi, `siZvis diaci~, pirvelad, naxsenebia me-10 saukunis TxzulebaSi `cxovreba grigol xanZTelisa~. saqarTveloSi, pirveli sameZavo saxlebis gaxsna, laSa-giorgis mefobis periods ukavSirdeba. me-16 saukunidan, qveynis saTavadoebad da samTavroebad dayofis Semdeg, aRmosavleTSi gavrcelebulma qalisadmi utilitarulma damokidebulebam, saqarTveloSic farTod moikida fexi. me-17 saukuneSi, TbilisSi, gaCnda pirveli bordelebi. saarqivo masalebis mixedviT, erT-erTi bordeli mdebareobda axlandeli cirkis teritoriaze, danarCenebi ki _ qarvaslis midamoebSi, sionis sakaTedro taZris maxloblad, aseve fiqris goraze. me-19 saukuneSi, TbilisSi, gaixsna pirveli legaluri bordelebi. imdroindeli wyaroebis Tanaxmad, meZavebi, gadiodnen specialur samedicino Semowmebas, 227
momzadebas klientTan urTierTobaSi, swavlobdnen qarTul da ucxour literaturas, cekvas, musikas da a.S. maT, sagangebod SeiaraRebuli dacva icavdaT. yuradsaRebia is faqti, rom zemoaRniSnuli saroskipoebi, ibegreboda da klientebi, safasurs, salaroSi ixdidnen. 50-60-ian wlebSi, prostituciis Ria formebi, fexs saqarTveloSic ikidebda. TbilisSi, pavlovis quCaze, karl marqsis moedanze, rkinigzis sadgurisa da cirkis mimdebare teritoriaze, iseve rogorc dRes, mudmivad ikribebodnen meZavebi. binebsa da sastumroebSi ki e.w. `maRali donis profesionalebi~ muSaobdnen. 80-iani wlebis bolosTvis, qalis sxeuliT vaWroba momgebian saqmed iqca da samarTaldamcavi organoebis mxridan, kontrols daeqvemdebara. Tumca, rig SemTxvevebSi, rTuli aRmoCnda am problemasTan gamklaveba. prostitucia, maRalSemosavlian da praqtikulad, usafrTxo biznesad iqca, vinaidan Tanamedrove kanonmdebloba, masze pasuxismgeblobas ar iTvaliswinebs. igi mxolod umniSvnelo jarimebis dakisrebiT ifargleba. evropaSi, farTo gavrcelebis miuxedavad, prostituciisadmi damokidebuleba, Sua saukuneebSi, TandaTan gamkacrda. mkvlevarebis azriT, es ganpirobebuli iyo saSiSi veneriuli daavadebebis gavrcelebiT (magaliTad, sifilisi). seqs-bizness, rogorc industrias, Tavisi wesebi da moTxovnebi aqvs da igi dakavSirebulia sxvadasxva socialur procesTan. prostituciis sferoSi saqmianoba, SeiZleba iyos rogorc òrganizebuli~, aseve _ àraorganizebuli.~ zogierT qveyanaSi, prostitucia, kanoniT aris akrZaluli, zogan ki, _ legalizebulia. im qveynebSi, sadac prostitucia legalizebulia, meZavi valdebulia, ixados kanoniT dadgenili gadasaxadebi, Seasrulos kanoniT dadgenili sxva moTxovnebi (magaliTad, quCis meZavobis SemTxvevaSi, dadges mxolod im gansazRvrul teritoriaze, romelic gankuTvnilia amgvari saqmianobis gansaxorcieleblad). saxelmwifo ki, Tavis mxriv, zrunavs meZavTa usafrTxoebasa da janmrTelobaze. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 253-e muxlis6 Tanaxmad, pros-
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 253-e muxli, prostituciaSi Cabma. 1. prostituciaSi Cabma ZaladobiT, Zaladobis an qonebis ganadgurebis muqariT, SantaJiT an motyuebiT, - isjeba jarimiT an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT or wlamde. 2. igive qmedeba, Cadenili organizebuli jgufis mier an winaswari SecnobiT arasrulwlovnis mimarT, _ isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT, vadiT xuTidan Svid wlamde.
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tituciaSi Cabma, isjeba Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT xuTidan Svid wlamde vadiT. xolo, 254-e muxlis Tanaxmad, prostituciisaTvis sacxovrebeli adgilis gadacema, isjeba jarimiT an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT oridan oTx wlamde vadiT. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdebloba, prostitucias ar krZalavs, Tumca, pasuxismgeblobas awesebs prostituciaSi CabmisTvis, agreTve prostituciisaTvis adgilis an sacxovrebelis gadacemisaTvis. ras niSnavs prostituciaSi Cabma? es aris adamianis iZuleba, rom ivaWros sxeuliT, misi survilis sawinaaRmdegod. prostituciaSi Cabma ZaladobiT, SeiZleba ganxorcieldes adamianis organizmze fizikuri zemoqmedebiT _ cema, janmrTelobis msubuqi dazianeba, Tavisuflebis ukanonod aRkveTa da sxva. prostituciaSi Cabma, Zaladobis an qonebis ganadgurebis muqariT, gulisxmobs msxverplze fsiqikur zemoqmedebas, daSinebas, rom gamoyenebuli iqneba fizikuri Zaladoba mis mimarT, axloblis mimarT an ganadgurebuli iqneba maTi qoneba. prostituciaSi Cabmisas, damnaSavem, SesaZloa daaSantaJos piri, rom gaaxmaurebs saxelis gamtex cnobebs mis Sesaxeb. Tumca, aseve SesaZloa, gaaxmauros iseTi informacia da cnobebi, romelic zians miayenebs ara mxolod dazaralebuls, aseve mis axlo naTesavebsac. rac Seexeba prostituciaSi motyuebiT Cabmas, aseT dros, igulisxmeba msxverplis SecdomaSi Seyvana. aseT SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa, adgili hqondes iseT faqts, rodesac msxverpls miiReben sxva Tanamdebobaze (magaliTad: oficianti, ofisis menejeri, fotomodeli da sxva), Tumca misi gamoyeneba moxdeba meZavad. amgvar situaciebSi, xSirad vardebian trefikingis msxverplni. prostituciis adgilad, SesaZloa gamoyenebuli iqnas, sxvadasxva Senoba, nageboba, sadgomi, sacavi. prostituciisaTvis, Cveulebriv iyeneben sacxovrebel binebs, samsaxurebriv Senobebs, Ramis gasarTob dawesebulebebs, kazinoebs, sastumroebs da a.S. meZavTan sqesobrivi kavSirisTvis adgilis an sacxovreblis gadacema, isjeba sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis mixedviT.
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patimar qalTa uflebebi

Cvens sazogadoebaSi, qals, ojaxis winaSe mniSvnelovani valdebulebebi akisria, amitomac qalis dapatimrebis Sedegad, ojaxi mZime viTarebaSi aRmoCndeba xolme. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac xdeba mamakacis dapatimreba, miuxedavad ekonomikuri da yofiTi problemebisa, qali ganagrZobs im valdebulebebis Sesrulebas, rac mas akisria ojaxisa da Svilebis winaSe. qalis dapatimrebis SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxi sxvagvarad da SeiZleba iTqvas, ufro rTulad aris. mamakacisTvis, Zneli xdeba saojaxo saqmeebis gaZRola da Svilebis aRzrdaze damoukideblad zrunva, rasac Cveulebriv, qali axorcielebs. amas arTulebs is garemoebac, Tuki maT mcirewlovani Svilebi hyavT da dedis monawileoba, maT aRzrdaSi, aucilebelia. dapatimrebul dedas, unda SeeZlos SvilebTan kontaqtis damyareba, swored amitom, dakavebuli dedebis mcirewlovan SvilebTan urTierTobis sakiTxi, saqarTvelos patimrobis kodeqsiT regulirdeba, razec, ufro detalurad, qvemoT visaubrebT. patimrobis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi, patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis aRsruleba, xorcieldeba kanonierebis, humanizmis, demokratiulobis, kanonis winaSe Tanasworobisa da sasjelis individualizaciis principebze dayrdnobiT. qali msjavrdebuli, sasjels ixdis naxevrad Ria tipis Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, sadac erT msjavrdebul qalze, sacxovrebeli farTobis norma, 3 kv. metrze naklebi ar unda iyos. ra aris patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis safuZvlebi? patimrobis aRsrulebis safuZvlebia: patimrobis Sefardebis Sesaxeb, sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba; sasamarTlos mier, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze gamotanili da kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni, romliTac pirs Seefarda Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. vin aris braldebuli? piri, romlis mimarTac arsebobs dasabuTebuli varaudi, rom man Caidina saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSauli. vin aris msjavrdebuli? piri, romlis mimarTac gamotanilia sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni. 230
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, rogorc wesi, qalebs gancalkevebiT aTavseben. patimrobis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, msjavrdebulsa da braldebuls, Semdegi uflebebi aqvT: saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, uzrunvelyofili iyos: sacxovrebeli sadgomiT, kvebiT, piradi higieniT, tansacmliT, SromiT, Sromisa da piradi usafrTxoebiT; samedicino momsaxurebiT; axlo naTesavebTan SexvedriT (paemniT), damcvelTan, sakonsulosa da sxva diplomatiur warmomadgenlebTan (ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebisTvis) SexvedriT; satelefono saubrebiT da mimoweriT; amanaTebisa da fuladi gzavnilebis miReba-gagzavniT; ufaso iuridiuli daxmarebiT da samarTlebrivi konsultaciebiT; miiRos zogadi da profesiuli ganaTleba; monawileoba miiRos sportul, kulturul, aRmzrdelobiT da religiur RonisZiebebSi; miiRos informacia presiTa da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebiT, isargeblos mxatvruli da sxva literaturiT; sxva
eweodes individualur saqmianobas da patimrobis/ Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis administraciis kontroliT, iqonios amisTvis saWiro inventari; Seitanos moTxovna, saCivari; yoveldRiurad, aranakleb 1 saaTisa, imyofebodes sufTa haerze (isargeblos gaseirnebis uflebiT); gansakuTrebul, pirad garemoebebTan dakavSirebiT, droebiT datovos patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebuleba. msjavrdebuli, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, damatebiT sargeblobs: sareabilitacio programebiT sargeblobis uflebiT; Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis gareT, xanmokle gasvlis uflebiT.
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ra upiratesoba aqvT patimar orsul qalebs? garda zemoT aRwerili uflebebisa, kanoni upiratesobas aniWebs orsul qalebs. kerZod, orsul qalebs, meZuZur dedebs, arasrulwlovnebs, avadmyofebs, mkveTrad da mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebs, xandazmulebs (qalebs _ 60 wlidan, mamakacebs _ 65 wlidan), unda hqondeT sxva braldebulebTan/msjavrdebulebTan SedarebiT, gaumjobesebuli sayofacxovrebo pirobebi.
aqvs patimar qals paemnis ufleba? akrZalulia braldebulisa da msjavrdebulis sruli izolacia, mas aqvs paemnis ufleba. braldebuls an msjavrdebuls, werilobiTi Txovnis safuZvelze, SeiZleba mieces mis axlo naTesavebTan (Svili, meuRle, mSobeli (mSvilebeli), naSvilebi da misi STamomavali, SviliSvili, da, Zma, diswuli, Zmiswuli da maTi Svilebi, bebia da papa, bebiis ded-mama da papis ded-mama (rogorc dedis, ise mamis mxridan), biZa (dedis Zma da mamis Zma), deida, mamida, biZaSvili, deidaSvili da mamidaSvili, agreTve is piri, romelTanac cxovrobda da eweoda saerTo meurneobas patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi moxvedramde, bolo 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi) xanmokle paemnis ufleba. aRniSnul pirebTan Sexvedraze, patimrobis/Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebis direqtoris Tanxmoba/motivirebuli uari, braldebuls/msjavrdebuls werilobiT ecnobeba. paemnis Taobaze, administracia, werilobiT unda iqnes informirebuli 5 dRiT adre. administracia, paemnis moTxovnaze gancxadebis miRebidan ara ugvianes 5 dRisa, uzrunvelyofs paemnis organizebas. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arsebobs uaris Tqmis motivirebuli safuZveli, ganmcxadebeli informirebuli unda iqnas imave dResve. Sesabamisad, administracias, paemnis organizebis valdebuleba aRar ekisreba. aRsaniSnavia, rom deda patimrebs mieceT saSualeba, kavSiri SeinarCunon cixis gareT myof SvilebTan. patimrobis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, qal msjavrdebuls, ufleba aqvs, 1 Tvis ganmavlobaSi hqondes 3 xanmokle paemani, romelic ewyoba 1-idan 2 saaTamde vadiT. xanmokle paemani, mimdinareobs administraciis warmomadgenlis mxolod vizualuri kontroliT, garda saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebisa. 232
rogori unda iyos sakvebi? patimrobis kodeqsis 23-e muxlis Tanaxmad, patimrobisa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, sakvebi unda Seicavdes adamianis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisTvis aucilebel komponentebs. akrZalulia braldebulis an msjavrdebulis dasjis mizniT, sakvebis kaloriulobis Semcireba. isini, yoveldRiurad, uzrunvelyofili unda iyvnen samjeradi kvebiT. orsul qalebs, meZuZur dedebs, arasrulwlovnebs, avadmyofebs, mkveTrad da mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebs, xandazmulebs (qalebs _ 60 wlidan, mamakacebs _ 65 wlidan), maTi mdgomareobis Sesabamisi kvebis pirobebi unda SeeqmnaT.
SeiZleba Tu ara, patimari dedisa da bavSvis erTad cxovreba? Tuki ar arsebobs gamouvali viTareba, ar unda moxdes fexmZime qalisTvis Tavisuflebis aRkveTa. xolo Tu es mainc moxdeba, maTTvis unda Seiqmnas specialuri pirobebi, romelic gavrceldeba mTeli fexmZimobisa da bavSvis movlis periodze. dedis dakaveba, romelsac Cvili Svilebi hyavs, Zalian saTuTi Temaa. patimrobis kodeqsis Tanaxmad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebaSi, ewyoba specialuri ganyofileba fexmZime qalebisa da bavSvebisTvis. dedis SuamdgomlobiT, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organoebis nebarTviTa da administraciis TanxmobiT, SeiZleba dedisa da 3 wlamde bavSvisTvis, erTad cxovrebis pirobebis Seqmna. Tumca, administracias, meurveobisa da mzrunvelobis organos Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze, SeuZlia dedas aukrZalos arasrulwlovan SvilebTan urTierToba.
SesaZlebelia Tu ara, sasjelis moxdis gadavadeba qalisTvis? sasamarTlos SeuZlia, gadauvados sasjelis moxda orsul qals an qals, romelsac hyavs xuT wlamde Svili, sanam bavSvi xuTi wlis gaxdeba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msjavrdebuli uars ityvis Svilze, an Tavs aaridebs Svilis aRzrdas mas Semdeg, rac igi gaafrTxila probaciis biurom, sasamarTlos SeuZlia, am organos wardginebiT, gaauqmos sasjelis moxdis 233
gadavadeba da msjavrdebuli, sasjelis mosaxdelad, gaagzavnos ganaCeniT daniSnul adgilas. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 75-e muxlis Tanaxmad: 1. sasamarTlos SeuZlia, gadauvados sasjelis moxda orsul qals an qals, romelsac hyavs xuT wlamde Svili, sanam bavSvi xuTi wlis gaxdeba. 2. Tu msjavrdebuli uars ityvis Svilze an Tavs aaridebs Svilis aRzrdas mas Semdeg, rac igi gaafrTxila probaciis biurom, sasamarTlos SeuZlia, am organos wardginebiT, gaauqmos sasjelis moxdis gadavadeba da msjavrdebuli, sasjelis mosaxdelad, gaagzavnos ganaCeniT daniSnul adgilas. 3. rodesac Svili xuTi wlis asaks miaRwevs, sasamarTlo gaaTavisuflebs msjavrdebuls sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis moxdisgan, an sasjelis mouxdel nawils, Seucvlis ufro msubuqi saxis sasjeliT, anda miiRebs gadawyvetilebas, sasjelis mouxdeli nawilis mosaxdelad, Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi msjavrdebulis ukan dabrunebis Sesaxeb. 4. Tu msjavrdebuli, sasjelis moxdis gadavadebis periodSi, axal danaSauls Caidens, sasamarTlo mas dauniSnavs sasjels, am kodeqsis 61-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT (ixileT Sesabamisi gancxadebis nimuSi diskze).
SesaZlebelia Tu ara ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadeba, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msjavrdebuli orsuladaa? saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 283-e muxlis Tanaxmad, im msjavrdebulis mimarT, romelsac sasjelad daeniSna Tavisuflebis aRkveTa, ganaCenis aRsruleba SeiZleba gadaavados im sasamarTlom, romelmac gamoitana ganaCeni. ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadeba xdeba saxelmwifo sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizis daskvnis safuZvelze, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msjavrdebuli ganaCenis aRsrulebis momentisTvis, orsuladaa. ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadeba xdeba mSobiarobis Semdeg, 1 wlamde.
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ganaCenis aRsrulebis gadavadebis sakiTxs, sasamarTlo ganixilavs msjavrdebulis, misi advokatis, kanonieri warmomadgenlis, an sasjelaRsrulebis departamentis Tavmjdomaris SuamdgomlobiT (ixileT Sesabamisi gancxadebis nimuSi diskze).
gaxsovdeT, rom Tqvens droul da adeqvatur reagirebazea damokidebuli Sedegebi.
Tu Tqvens mimarT adgili hqonda am TavSi aRweril romelime danaSauls: dauyovnebliv mimarTeT iurists konsultaciisTvis. Tu Tqven dedaqalaqSi ar cxovrobT da iuristTan piradad Sexvedras ver axerxebT, darekeT im telefonis nomrebze, romlebic miTiTebulia am wignis dasasruls, danarTis saxiT; im SemTxvevaSi, Tu gaxdiT sqesobrivi xasiaTis danaSaulis msxverpli, dauyovnebliv mimarTeT eqims da gaiareT samedicino Semowmeba.
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samarTlebrivi dacvis erovnuli da saerTaSoriso saSualebebi
mTeli gzamkvlevis manZilze, araerTxel aRvniSneT, rom sakiTxis gadasawyvetad, gancxadebiT an sarCeliT unda mimarToT Sesabamis organoebs, _ saministros, saagentos, sasamarTlos da a.S. rogor iwereba gancxadeba, ra wesebis dacviT da ra vadaSi unda gasaCivrdes gadawyvetileba, ra uflebebiT sargeblobT? winamdebare TavSi, aRniSnulis Sesaxeb, mokled visaubrebT. zogadi wesebi, ra Tqma unda, arsebobs, magram konsultacia, Sesabamisi profilis iuristTan, aucileblad unda gaiaroT. unda icodeT, rom Tqveni uflebebis dacva, SeiZleba moxdes sxvadasxva saSualebebiT, _ rogorc erovnuli, aseve saerTaSoriso meqanizmebis meSveobiT.
samarTlebrivi dacvis erovnuli meqanizmi

informaciis miRebis ufleba zogadi wesis mixedviT, yvelas aqvs ufleba, moiTxovos sajaro informacia da airCios sajaro informaciis miRebis forma. Tuki arsebobs dednis dazianebis safrTxe, sajaro dawesebuleba, valdebulia, mogceT misi gacnobis SesaZlebloba Tavisi zedamxedvelobis qveS an gadmogceT saTanado wesiT damowmebuli asli. ganvsazRvroT, ra iTvleba sajaro informaciad? sajaro informacia, _ oficialuri dokumenti (maT Soris, naxazi, maketi, gegma, sqema, fotosuraTi, eleqtronuli informacia, video da audioCanawerebi), sajaro dawesebulebaSi daculi, agreTve sajaro dawesebulebis an mosamsaxuris mier, samsaxurebriv saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT miRebuli, damuSavebuli, Seqmnili an gagzavnili informacia. sajaro informacia Riaa gasacnobad, Tuki ar iTvleba saxelmwifo, komerciul da pirad saidumloebas mikuTvnebul informaciad (saidumlo informaciad). informacia, romelic warmoadgens sxvis pirad an komerciul saidumloebas, da pirisTvis cnobili gaxda pro237
fesiuli movaleobis SesrulebasTan dakavSirebiT, profesiul saidumloebas miekuTvneba.
gaxsovdeT! Tqven ufleba gaqvT, sajaro dawesebulebaSi, Tqvens Sesaxeb arsebul personalur monacemebs gaecnoT da usasyidlod miiRoT am monacemebis aslebi. ar SeiZleba, uari geTqvas im sajaro informaciis gacemaze, romelic iZleva Tqveni identificirebis SesaZleblobas. amavdroulad, is ar unda iyos xelmisawvdomi sxva pirebisTvis.
informaciis gasaidumloebis Taobaze, SegiZliaT, Tavadac mimarToT administraciul organos. kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SemTxvevebis garda, profesiuli da komerciuli informacia, uvadod gasaidumlovdeba. komerciuli saidumloeba Riad gamocxaddeba, Tu mas aRar gaaCnia Rirebuleba, ris gamoc aseTad iqna miCneuli. piradi saidumloeba, daxurulia piris sicocxlis manZilze, Tu kanoniT sxva ram ar aris dadgenili. gadawyvetileba, sajaro informaciis gasaidumloebisa da misi vadis gagrZelebis Sesaxeb, SeaqvT sajaro reestrSi.
sajaro informaciis gacemis wesi sajaro informaciis misaRebad, unda waradginoT werilobiTi gancxadeba. aucilebeli ar aris, gancxadebaSi sajaro informaciis moTxovnis motivi an mizani miuTiToT. administraciuli organos mxridan, personaluri informaciis gadacemaze uaris Tqma, dauSvebelia. Tqven ufleba gaqvT, gadawyvetileba personaluri monacemebis xelmisawvdomobaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb, erTi Tvis vadaSi, sasamarTloSi gaasaCivroT. Tuki Tqven, sxvisi personaluri monacemebis an komerciuli saidumloebis moTxovnis Taobaze gancxadebas SeitanT, saWiroa Sesabamisi piris, sanotaro wesiT an administraciuli organos mier damowmebul Tanxmobis wardgenac (ixileT gancxadebis nimuSi diskze). sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia, sajaro informacia gasces dauyovnebliv, an ara ugvianes 10 dRisa. Tu sajaro informaciis gacemisTvis saWi-
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roa 10-dRiani vada, sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia, moTxovnisTanave gacnoboT amis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli, SeiZleba moxdes Semdeg SemTxvevebSi: a) sajaro informaciis moTxovnaze pasuxis gacema, moiTxovs sxva dasaxlebul punqtSi arsebuli misi struqturuli qvedanayofidan, an sxva sajaro dawesebulebidan informaciis moZiebasa da damuSavebas; b) mniSvnelovani moculobis, erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli calkeuli dokumentebis moZiebasa da damuSavebas; g) sxva dasaxlebul punqtSi arsebul mis struqturul qvedanayofTan, an sxva sajaro dawesebulebasTan konsultacias. dasaSvebia, administraciuli organos mxridan, sajaro informaciis gacemaze uaris Tqmac. sajaro dawesebulebis uari, sajaro informaciis gacemaze, Tqven unda gecnoboT dauyovnebliv. aseve, gadawyvetilebis miRebidan 3 dRis vadaSi, sajaro dawesebuleba, valdebulia werilobiT gangimartoT Tqveni uflebebi da gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wesi. gancxadeba administraciul organoSi aseve ufleba gaqvT, administraciul organos mimarToT konkretul, mis kompetencias mikuTvnebul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad, _ pensiis dasaniSnad, an socialuri daxmarebis gasacemad, devnilis statusis miniWebis moTxovniT da sxva. am dros, Sesabamis administraciul organos, gancxadeba unda warudginoT. gancxadebis Sinaarsi gancxadeba unda iyos werilobiTi formiT da Seicavdes: a) im administraciuli organos dasaxelebas, romelsac mimarTavT; b) Tqvens vinaobas da misamarTs; g) moTxovnas; d) gancxadebis wardgenis TariRsa da Tqvens xelmoweras; e) gancxadebaze darTuli sabuTebis nusxas, maTi arsebobis SemTxvevaSi. gancxadebas unda daurToT yvela is sabuTi, romlis wardgenis valdebulebac, kanoniT gekisrebaT (ixileT gancxadebis nimuSi diskze). darTuli dokumentebisa Tu sxva saxis informaciis wardgenis wesi, aseve, ganisazRvreba gamocemuli kanonqvemdebare aqtiT an administraciuli organos debulebiT. 239
administraciuli organos muSaobis zogadi wesebi administraciuli organo valdebulia, kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT, gancxadeba, miRebis dResve, registraciaSi gaataros da dasvas masze registraciis TariRi da nomeri. administraciuli organo valdebulia, Sesabamisi vadis dacviT, erTi Tvis vadaSi, sakiTxi ganixilos. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Tqveni sakiTxis gansaxilvelad, sxdomaze miwveulni iqnebiT. aseve, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, aRniSnuli sakiTxis ganxilvisas, daswreba moiTxovoT. Tavisi saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas, administraciuli organo moqmedebs kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli principebis safuZvelze. magaliTad, kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba (romlis mixedviT, yvela Tanasworia kanonisa da administraciuli organos winaSe), saqmis miukerZoeblad gadawyveta (administraciuli organos valdebuleba, Tavisi uflebamosileba ganaxorcielos miukerZoeblad) da sxva. administraciuli organo uflebamosili ar aris, Tavisi gadawyvetileba daafuZnos im garemoebebze, faqtebze, mtkicebulebebze an argumentebze, romlebic ar iqna gamokvleuli da Seswavlili administraciuli warmoebis dros. administraciuli warmoebis ena aris qarTuli, xolo afxazeTSi _ aseve, afxazuri. Tqvens gancxadebas ganxilvis dasrulebis SemTxvevaSi, dawesebuleba, individualuri administraciuli aqtis saxiT, pasuxs gascems. individualuri administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqti gamoicema werilobiT an zepirad. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu individualuri administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqti, Tqvens kanonier uflebebsa da interesebs zRudavs, Tqveni moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi, zepiri individualuri administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqti, miRebidan 3 dRis vadaSi, werilobiTi formiT unda gamoices. werilobiT gamocemuli individualuri administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqti, unda Seicavdes werilobiT dasabuTebas. werilobiTi formiT gamocemul individualur administraciul-samarTlebriv aqtSi, unda mieTiTos is organo, romelSic SeiZleba individualuri administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqtis gasaCivreba, misi misamarTi da saCivris wardgenis vada. Tuki ar aris miTiTebuli aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis wesi da organo, maSin Tqven ufleba gaqvT, dadgenili erTTviani vadis magivrad, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gaasaCivroT.
gaxsovdeT! gancxadeba im administraciul organoSi unda SeitanoT, romelic uflebamosilia, gadawyvitos gancxadebaSi
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dasmuli sakiTxi da gamosces Sesabamisi, individualuri administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqti. administraciuli saCivari Tuki ar eTanxmebiT gadawyvetilebas (individualur administraciulsamarTlebrivi aqts),1 Tqven ufleba gaqvT, gadawyvetileba, saCivris meSveobiT, imave an zemdgom organoSi gaasaCivroT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu zemdgomi organo ar arsebobs, maSin uSualod sasamarTloSi, sarCelis Setanis gziT. magaliTad, meriis gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba, uSualod sasamarTloSi moxdeba. saCivari,2 werilobiT formiT unda iyos Setanili (saCivris nimuSi ixileT diskze). dawesebuleba, Tqvens saCivars ganixilavs da individualuri administraciul-samarTlebrivi aqtis saxiT, pasuxs gascems. Tuki Tqven mainc ver miaRwevT sakiTxis gadawyvetas Tqvens sasargeblod da ar eTanxmebiT aRniSnuls, ufleba gaqvT, sasamarTlos mimarToT.3
sasamarTlosadmi mimarTva
gasaCivrebis ufleba saqarTvelos konstituciis 42-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `yvelas aqvs ufleba, Tavis uflebaTa dasacavad, sasamarTlos mimarTos~. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis me-6 muxlis Tanaxmad, nebismieri saqmis ganxilva, gonivrul vadaSi unda moxdes, _ miukerZoeblad, samarTlianad, sajaro sxdomaze da a.S. dResdReobiT, saqarTveloSi, saminstanciani sasamarTlo sistema arsebobs. pirveli instanciis sasamarTlo, _ raionuli an saqalaqo (magaliTad, q.Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlo, q. baTumis saqalaqo sasamarTlo da
1 saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsis me- 2 muxlis mixedviT, individualuri administraciuli aqti aris administraciuli irganos mier, ganxilvis Sedegad, kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze gamocemuli samarTlebrivi aqti, romelic awesebs, cvlis, wyvets am adasturebs piris uflebebs da movaleobebs. wardgenili werilobiTi moTxovna darRveuli uflebebis aRdgenis mizniT imave an qvedgomi organosadmi(saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi, muxli 2). gasaCivreba saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsisa da saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsis moTxovnaTa dacviT moxdeba.
2 3
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sxva), meore instanciis sasamarTlo, _ saapelacio sasamarTlo (saqarTvelos farglebSi sul oria, _ Tbilisis saolqo sasamarTlo da quTaisis saolqo sasamarTlo) da mesame, _ sakasacio instancia, saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo (romelic moqmedebs saqarTvelos mTels teritoriaze)4. nebismieri instanciis sasamarTloSi, sami kolegia an palata arsebobs, _ samoqalaqo saqmeTa, administraciul saqmeTa da sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa. nebismieri kolegia an palata, mis kompetencias mikuTvnebul saqmeebs ixilavs. samoqalaqo kategoriis saqmeebs ixilavs samoqalaqo saqmeTa kolegia, administraciuli kategoriis saqmeebs, _ administraciul saqmeTa kolegia da sisxlis samarTlis kategoriis saqmeebs, _ sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegia (sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis Taobaze, ixileT Tavi `qali da sisxlis samarTali~). amitom, sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi, gansjadobis sakiTxi unda gaiTvaliswinoT, _ Tqveni sakiTxi, romeli kolegiis qvemdebarea. magaliTad, pensiis daniSvnaze uaris Tqma an SromiTi dava, Tuki Tqven sajaro dawesebulebaSi muSaobT, _ administraciuli kolegiis gansaxilveli iqneba, Tuki kerZo dawesebulebaSi brZandebiT dasaqmebuli, _ samoqalaqo kolegiis gansaxilveli gaxdeba; ganqorwinebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, samoqalaqo saqmeTa kolegiis mier ganixileba; zogi qonebrivi dava, modave mxareTa SeTanxmebiT, SeiZleba gansaxilvelad arbitraJs gadaeces da a.S. administraciuli kolegiisadmi mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi, savaldebuloa administraciuli saCivris SesaZleblobis gamoyeneba. sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisi forma unda SeavsoT. administraciul saqmeze, sarCeli an saCivari; aseve mopasuxisTvis, _ Sesagebeli an Segebebuli sarCeli; samoqalaqo saqmeze, _ sarCeli an saCivari, aseve mopasuxisTvis, _ Sesagebeli an Segebebuli sarCeli (formebi, Semdeg saitebze moipoveba: http://tbappeal.court.ge; http://www.tcc.gov.ge/index.php?m=496). administraciul da samoqalaqo saqmeebze formebis nimuSebi ixileT TandarTul diskze. aRniSnuli formebis Sevsebis dros, aucileblad gaiareT konsultacia iuristTan, vinaidan nebismieri forma specifikuria. arasaTanadod Sevsebis SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom, SesaZloa, sarCelis xarvezi daadginos. xarvezis Sesavsebad sasamarTlo dagiwesebT vadas, romlis ganmavlobaSi
4
http://tbappeal.court.ge/index.php?lan=geo&cat=12.
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mogecemaT aRniSnuli xarvezis Sevsebis ufleba, kerZod, Tqveni moTxovnis dazustebis, Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebis warmodgenis da a.S. xolo, Tu ver SeavsebT xarvezs kanonis moTxovnis farglebSi da mocemuli vadis dacviT, Tqveni sarCeli ar ganixileba. sasamarTloSi gasaCivrebamde Tqven aucileblad unda gaiTvaliswinoT is, rom nebismieri sakiTxi konkretuli darRvevis momentidan konkretuli vadis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba gasaCivrdes. magaliTad administraciuli aqti (samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba) _ 1 Tvis vadaSi, xelSekrulebis darRveva sami wlis ganmavlobaSi; uZrav qonebasTan dakavSirebuli davebi _ eqvsi wlis ganmavlobaSi da a.S. aRniSnuli vadis dacva mniSvnelovania, vinaidan xandazmulobis sakiTxi SeiZleba dadges, rac niSnavs imas, rom arakanonier qmedebas Tqvens mimarT gasaCivrebis vadis gasvlis gamo Tqven veRar gaasaCivrebT. gasaCivrebis vada zogierT SemTxvevaSi Cerdeba, rac iwvevs kalendaruli vadis gagrZelebas!!! aseve dasaSvebia vadis aRdgena sapatio mizeziT da vadis gagrZeleba. amitom nebismieri saqme individualuria. aseve zogierTi kategoriis saqmeze sakiTxis ganxilvisaTvis da Semdgomi gasaCivrebisaTvis dadgenilia gansxvavebuli vadebi. sasamarTlo xarjebi sasamarTlo davis SemTxvevaSi, mas vinc asaCivrebs, nebismieri instanciis gasaCivrebisas, saxelmwifo baJis gadaxda daekisreba. davis mogebis SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnuli xarji, mxares daubrundeba. saxelmwifo baJis gadaxda, Sesabamisi odenobis Tanxis Caricxvis gziT, specialurad miTiTebul sabanko angariSze xdeba. angariSis gageba SegiZliaT sasamarTloSi da aseve, bankis ganyofilebebSi. SeiZleba moxdes saxelmwifo baJisgan gaTavisufleba, baJis gadaxdis gadavadeba an ganawilvadeba, aseve baJis dabruneba (magaliTad, Tu sakasacio saCivari dauSveblad iqneba miCneuli, Tqven dagibrundebaT gadaxdili saxelmwifo baJis 70 procenti). aRniSnuli sakiTxi, saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsiT da aseve, saqarTvelos kanoniT saxelmwifo baJis Sesaxeb regulirdeba. mxareTa uflebebi sasamarTloSi, gasaCivrebis dros, Tqven mxare xdebiT. im pirs, visac sarCeli Seaqvs, mosarCele hqvia, xolo vis mimarTac Setanilia sarCeli, _ mopasuxe. meore instanciis sasamarTloSi, _ Sesabamisad, apelanti da mo243
winaaRmdege mxare iqnebiT. mesame instanciaSi, _ Sesabamisad, kasatori da mowinaaRmdege mxare. sasamarTloSi, saqmis warmoebisas, Tqven uflebebi da amavdroulad, valdebulebebi gagaCniaT. magaliTad, sasamarTloSi, sadavo sakiTxis gasaCivrebisas, SegiZliaT piradad an warmomadgenlis (advokatis) meSveobiT daicvaT Tqveni uflebebi. Tuki warmomadgeneli gyavT, aucilebelia mindobilobis gaformeba, romlis gareSe, Tqvens warmomadgenels, Tqveni uflebamosilebis dacvis ufleba ar eqneba. Tqveni warmomadgeneli gaxdeba uflebamosili notariusTan Sesabamisi rwmunebulebis gaformebis Semdeg da mxolod im uflebis ganxorcielebaSi, romelsac Tqven mas mianiWebT. magaliTad, Tqven ufleba gaqvT, warmomadgenels saqmis morigebiT damTavrebis ufleba ar mianiWoT, an ar mianiWoT warmomadgenlobis ufleba saaRsrulebo instanciaSi (gadawyvetilebis kanonier ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg, gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba SeiZleba moxdes saaRsrulebo biuros meSveobiT). aseve, Tqven rogorc mxares, ufleba gaqvT gaecnoT saqmis masalebs, gaakeToT amonawerebi am masalebidan, gadaiRoT aslebi, ganacxadoT acilebani, waradginoT mtkicebulebebi, maT Soris, eqspertis (saeqsperto dawesebulebis) daskvnebi, specialistis cnobebi, monawileoba miiRoT mtkicebulebaTa gamokvlevaSi, SekiTxvebi dausvaT mowmeebs, eqspertebs, specialistebs, sasamarTlos winaSe ganacxadoT Suamdgomlobebi, misceT sasamarTlos zepiri da werilobiTi axsna-ganmartebani, waradginoT imave tipis saqmeze, sxva sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi, waradginoT Tqvens mier mopovebuli daskvnebi da gamoTqvaT mosazrebebi saqmis ganxilvis dros wamoWril yvela sakiTxze, uaryoT meore mxaris Suamdgomlobebi, daskvnebi da mosazrebebi, gaasaCivroT sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi da ganCinebebi. Tqven SegiZliaT, saqme daamTavroT morigebiT, _ anu TanxmdebiT pirobebze da amavdroulad, erTi mxare, meore mxares garkveul poziciebs uTmobs. Tqven, rogorc mosarCeles, ufleba gaqvT saqmis winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilvisTvis (ixileT Semdgomi qveTavi) momzadebis damTavrebamde, SecvaloT sarCelis safuZveli an sagani, SeavsoT sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebi da mtkicebulebebi, gaadidoT an SeamciroT sasarCelo moTxovnis odenoba. sarCelis Secvlad ar CaiTvleba, mosarCelis mier sarCelSi miTiTebuli garemoebebis dazusteba, dakonkreteba da damateba, agreTve sasarCelo moTxovnebis odenobis Semcireba, an erTi nivTis nacvlad, meore nivTis mikuTvneba misTvis, anda am nivTis Rirebulebis anazRaureba. sasamarTloSi, mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba moxdeba, vinaidan, TiToeulma mxarem, unda daamtkicos garemoebani, romlebzedac Tavis moTxovnebs amyarebs. 244
gaxsovdeT! Tqven gevalebaT: sasamarTlos wesrigis dacva. misi Seusrulebloba, dajarimebas iwvevs! aseve, Tqven unda daicvaT procesualuri vadebi da SeasruloT yvela davaleba, romelic sasamarTlos mieraa mocemuli. sasamarTlo procesi saproceso normebiT, gaTvaliswinebulia mosamzadebeli stadia da mTavari ganxilvis stadia. mosamzadebel etapze (winaswari sasamarTlo ganxilva), saqme gansaxilvelad mzaddeba. mTavar stadiaze, saqme arsebiTad ixileba ukve arsebuli mtkicebulebebis mixedviT da gadawyvetilebis gamotana xdeba. administraciuli kolegiaSi, saqmis ganxilvis dros, mosamzadebel stadias, win uswrebs ganmwesrigebeli sxdoma, romelzec sarCelis arsebiTad ganxilvis sakiTxi wydeba. ganmwesrigebel sxdomaze, sasamarTlo arkvevs daculia Tu ara administraciuli organos gadawyvetilebis xelze miRebidan, gasaCivrebis erTTviani vada, Tu romeli konkretuli uflebaa darRveuli da a.S. aseve, mosarCeles ufleba aqvs, gamoixmos sarCeli (gamoxmoba _ sarCelis gamotana sasamarTlodan sasarCelo moTxovnaze uaris Tqmis gareSe). sarCelis gamoxmoba dasaSvebia saqmis ganxilvis nebismier etapze. sarCelis gamoxmoba pirveli instanciis sasamarTloSi, saqmis mTavar sxdomaze ganxilvisas, aseve saapelacio da sakasacio wesiT saqmis ganxilvisas, dasaSvebia mopasuxis TanxmobiT. Tu mopasuxe ar aris Tanaxma, sasamarTlom unda ganixilos da gadawyvitos saqme. gadawyvetilebis gamotana sasamarTlos mier da gasaCivrebis wesi saqmis ganxilvis Sedegad, sasamarTlo, gadawyvetilebas gamoitans. mosamarTles ufleba aqvs, gamoacxados gadawyvetilebis sarezolucio nawili. SemdgomSi, 14 dRis vadaSi, mas evaleba dasabuTebuli da sruli formis gadawyvetilebis gadacema mxareebisTvis. raionuli (an saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, SeiZleba gasaCivrdes saapelacio wesiT, dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis xelze miRebidan 14 dRis vadaSi. Tu Tqven ar eTanxmebiT saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas, ufleba gaqvT sakasacio wesiT gaasaCivroT saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebis xelze miRebidan erTi Tvis vadaSi. nebismieri instanciis sasamarTloSi, gasaCivrebis dros, Tu Tqven ar eTanxmebiT gadawyvetilebis nawils, SegiZliaT gadawyvetileba nawilobriv gaasaCivroT, _ im nawilSi, romelSic ar eTanxmebiT.
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raionuli (an saqalaqo) sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis dros, iwereba saapelacio saCivari saapelacio sasamarTlos saxelze, romelic raionul (an saqalaqo) sasamarTloSi unda SeitanoT. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebisas, sakasacio saCivaria dasaweri saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos saxelze, romelic saapelacio sasamarTloSi unda SeitanoT (aRmosavleT saqarTvelos farglebSi, _ q. Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTloSi, xolo dasavleT saqarTvelos farglebSi, _ q. quTaisis saapelacio sasamarTloSi). saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo, sakasacio saCivars, miRebisas, dasaSvebobis saganze Seamowmebs. sakasacio saCivari dasaSvebia, Tu: 1. saqme mniSvnelovania samarTlis ganviTarebisa da erTgvarovani sasamarTlo praqtikis CamoyalibebisTvis; 2. saapelacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, gansxvavdeba am kategoriis saqmeebze saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos manamde arsebuli praqtikisgan; 3. saapelacio sasamarTlos mier, saqme ganxilulia mniSvnelovani saproceso darRveviT, romelsac SeeZlo arsebiTad emoqmeda saqmis ganxilvis Sedegze. Tuki sasamarTlo CaTvlis, rom sarCeli ar akmayofilebs romelime moTxovnas, sarCeli dauSveblad iqneba cnobili. sakasacio sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba, sabolooa da ar eqvemdebareba gasaCivrebas qveynis SigniT.
saerTaSoriso meqanizmi
Tuki ver miaRwevT Tqveni uflebebis dacvas qveyanaSi arsebuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, Tqven geZlevaT ufleba, gamoiyenoT saerTaSoriso meqanizmebi. saerTaSoriso meqanizmis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, konkretul saerTaSorosi organos mimarTavT, magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTlos, qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb komitets an adamianis uflebaTa dacvis komitets da sxva. nebismieri saerTaSoriso organo, moqmedebs konkretuli saerTaSoriso dokumentis safuZvelze: konvenciis, paqtis, rezoluciis da sxva. magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo, Seqmnilia da moqmedebs adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis farglebSi. qalTa diskriminaciis aRmofxvris komiteti, Seqmnilia qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb konvenciis safuZvelze. 246
mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi, Tqven specialuri ganacxadis forma unda SeavsoT. magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisi forma moipoveba adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos saitze www.coe.int, adaptirebuli versia qarTul enaze, ganTavsebulia saitze www.article42.ge, rusuli versia _ www.echr.ru da sxva. saerTaSoriso organosadmi mimarTvamde, saqarTvelos Sida kanonmdeblobiT garantirebuli, yvela samarTlebrivi SesaZlebloba unda gamoiyenoT _ gancxadeba, saCivari, sasamarTlosadmi mimarTva da a.S. aseve, saerTaSoriso organosadmi mimarTvis dros, gasaCivrebis konkretuli vada arsebobs. saqarTvelos SigniT, bolo gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan, garkveuli dro ar unda gavides. aRniSnuli vada, konkretuli saerTaSoriso organos mimarTebaSi, individualurad aris dadgenili. magaliTad, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlosadmi mimarTvis SeTxvevaSi, eqvsTviani vada aris dadgenili. vadis gasvlis Semdeg, aRniSnuli saerTaSoriso organo, Tqvens gancxadebas veRar ganixilavs. qalTa diskriminaciis aRmofxvris komitetis5 SemTxvevaSi, mimarTva saboloo gadawyvetilebis gamotanidan, ori an sami wlis Semdegac SeiZleba moxdes. saerTaSoriso instanciebSi ganxilva, aranairi baJiT ar ibegreba. erTaderTi, fostisa da Targmnis xarjebia saWiro, vinaidan aRniSnuli saqmis ganmxilveli organoebi, sxva qveynebSia ganTavsebuli da specialurad SerCeul samuSao enebze muSaoben. aseve, saWiroa rwmunebulebis gaformebac. aRniSnuli rwmunebuleba ivseba notariusTan, vizitis gareSe da ar saWiroebs sanotaro wesiT damtkicebas. ganxilva ramdenime weli grZeldeba. aRniSnul da sxva sakiTxebze, konkretul pasuxs iuristi gagcemT. amitom, sasurvelia, yovelTvis gaiaroT iuridiuli konsultacia.
Cveni mxridan gisurvebT warmatebebs. SekiTxvebis an SeniSvnebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, veliT Tqvens zars an vizits.
aRniSnuli komiteti miznad isaxavs politikur, socialur, ekonomikur da kulturul sferoSi saxelmwifos mier qalTa uflebebis dacvis garantiebis Seqmnas da qalTa da mamakacTa Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofas. damatebiT informacias mopovebT saitze: http://www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d=6&t=7260
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informacia avtorTa Sesaxeb
meri jafariZe _ iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis kursdamTavrebuli da saqarTvelos universitetis magistri; saqarTvelos advokatTa asociaciis wevri. 2006 wlidan, muSaobs organizacia `konstituciis 42-e muxlSi~ advokatad. saqmianobis ZiriTadi sfero: adamianis uflebebi da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo. misi avtorobiT, gamocemulia kvlevis angariSi: àdamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) da iZulebiTi Sromis winaaRmdeg brZola saqarTveloSi~, marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomoba trefikingis msxverplTaTvis~, xolo TanaavtorobiT, _ broSura: `daavadebuli patimrebis janmrTelobis dacvis Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi garantiebi da saerTaSoriso standartebi~.
elena fileeva _ Tbilisis humanitaruli universitetis kursdamTavrebuli, samarTlis magistris xarisxi; poloneTis `helsinkis fondis~ adamianis uflebebze, erTwliani saerTaSoriso specializirebuli umaRlesi kursis kursdamTavrebuli; saqarTvelos advokatTa asociaciis wevri, advokati saerTo specializaciiT. saqmianobis ZiriTadi sfero: adamianis uflebebi (maT Soris, qalTa uflebebi) da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo. 2002 wlidan, muSaobs organizaciaSi `konstituciis 42-e muxli~. 2010 wlis ivnisidan, aseve aris qalTa gaeros fondis (UNIFEM ) iuristi. misi TanaavtorobiT, gamocemulia broSurebi: `modernizaciis saerTaSoriso saSualebebi~ (2003-2004), aseve, `saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos informaciuli agresia da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebi~ (2009).
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informacia avtorTa Sesaxeb
marina kvaWaZe _ samarTlis doqtori, qarTul-amerikuli universitetis profesori, saerTaSoriso samarTlis eqsperti, ùfleba janmrTelobaze~ asociaciis aRmasrulebeli direqtori, `konstituciis 42-e muxlis~ konsultanti, saqarTveloSi, qalTa uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebSi (UNIFEM)-is konsultanti. profesor m. kvaWaZis avtorobiT, gamocemulia monografia `Tanamedrove medicinis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi~ (qarTul da rusul enebze); aris saxelmZRvaneloebis Tanaavtori àdamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTali~; `konstituciuri samarTali~; àdamianis uflebebi da jandacva~; TanaavtorobiT, gamocemuli aqvs leqsikonebi: `Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso samarTlis leqsikoni~; àdamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis leqsikoni~; `qarTul-laTinuri samarTlis leqsikoni~, saqarTveloSi da mis farglebs gareT, gamoqveynebuli aqvs samecniero statiebi adamianis uflebaTa samarTlis sferoSi, aris mTeli rigi monografiebisa da saxelmZRvaneloebis redaqtori.
nazi janezaSvili _ Tbilisis humanitaruli institutis kursdamTavrebuli, sadac moipova samarTlis magistris xarisxi. garda amisa, swavlobda varSavis universitetSi, samarTlisa da administrirebis fakultetze. 2009 wels, swavlobda kolumbiis universitetSi, adamianis uflebaTa advokatirebis programis farglebSi. amJamad, swavlas agrZelebs kavkasiis samarTlis skolaSi, sadoqtoro programaze. Cabarebuli aqvs advokatTa sakvalifikacio gamocda sisxlis samarTlis specializaciiT. organizacia `konstituciis 42-e muxlSi~, saqmianobas eweva 2003 wlidan. 2007 wlidan, aris proeqtis `strategiuli samarTalwarmoeba kavkasiaSi~ koordinatori. 2010 wlis Tebervlidan ki, aris organizacia `konstituciis 42-e muxlis~ gamgeobis Tavmjdomare.
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gamoyenebuli sakanonmdeblo baza:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8. 9. 10.
11.
12. 13. 14. 15.
16. 17. 18.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsi (1997); saqarTvelos samoqalaqo saproceso kodeqsi (1997); saqarTvelos administraciuli saproceso kodeqsi (1999); saqarTvelos zogadi administraciuli kodeqsi (1999); saqarTvelos kanoni `sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb~ (1997); saqarTvelos Sromis kanoni (2006); saqarTvelos kanoni òjaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ (2006); saqarTvelos kanoni `mewarmeTa Sesaxeb~ (1994) saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo pensiis Sesaxeb~ (2005); saqarTvelos kanoni `saxelmwifo kompensaciisa da saxelmwifo akademiuri stipendiis Sesaxeb~ (2005); saqarTvelos kanoni àrasaxelmwifo sapensio dazRvevisa da uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb~ (1998); saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi (1999); patimrobis kodeqsi (2010); saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi (1984); saqarTvelos kanoni àdamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb (2006); saqarTvelos kanoni `genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb~ (2010); saqarTvelos 1995 wlis konstitucia; saqarTvelos kanoni `janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~ (1997).
19. saqarTvelos kanoni `sisxlisa da misi komponentebis donorobis Sesaxeb~ (1997) 20. saqarTvelos kanoni `pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb~ (2000) 21. saqarTvelos kanoni àdamianis organoTa gadanergvis Sesaxeb~ (2000) 22. saqarTvelos kanoni `samedicino - socialuri eqspertizis Sesaxeb~ (2001) 23. saqarTvelos kanoni `fsiqiatriuli daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ (2006) 24. saqarTvelos kanoni àiv infeqcia/Sidsis Sesaxeb~ (2009) 25. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brZaneba # 231/n òrsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis, aseve axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo, Svebulebis anazRaurebis wesi~; 26. 2007 wlis 24 martis saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris #747 brZaneba `sakuTrebaSi arsebuli uZravi nivTis xelyofis an sxvagvarad xelSeSlis aRkveTis zogierTi RonisZiebis Sesaxeb~; 27. 2006 wlis 25 agvistos saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brZaneba # 231/n òrsulobis, mSobiarobisa da bavSvis movlis, aseve axalSobilis Svilad ayvanis gamo, Svebulebis anazRaurebis wesi~; 28. 2000 wlis 13 martis saqarTvelos janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brZaneba N 30/o `Tormet kviraze meti xangrZlivobis orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis samedicino Cvenebebis CamonaTvalis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~
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gamoyenebuli literatura
1.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis komentari. Tbilisi 2002.t.V 2. gaupatiureba da seqsualuri xasiaTis ZalmomreobiT moqmedeba (studentis saxlemZRvanelo), fond `Ria sazogadoeba-saqarTvelos~ mxardaWeriT, 2006. 3. sabedaSvili Tamar `genderi da demokratizacia~: saqarTvelo 1991-2006. 4. qalTa ganaTlebisa da informaciis saerTaSoriso centri, `genderuli problematika saqarTveloSi,~ 2002 w. 5. giorgi Rlonti, àdamianebiT vaWroba saqarTveloSi~ (prostituciis, pornobiznesisa da trefikingis kriminologiuri analizi), 2005 w. 6. mzia lekveiSvili, nana Todua, nino gvenetaZe, goCa mamulaSvili, `sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili,~ 2005w. 7. petre daTuaSvili, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili, 2008 w. 8. penitencialuri sistemis marTva adamianis uflebaTa poziciidan, penitencialur kvlevaTa saerTaSoriso centri. 9. m. kvaWaZe, ir. manjaviZe. àdamianis uflebebi da samedicino momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba~; 10. g.javaSvili. `komentari evropis sabWos
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konvenciaze~ adamianis uflebebisa da biomedicinis Sesaxeb Tbilisi 2008w. m.kvaWaZe. àdamianis uflebebi da Tanamedrove samedicino samarTali~. Tbilisi 1998w. konstituciuri samarTali. mT. red. av. demetraSvili. Tbilisi 2008w. ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebi. red. a.eide, k.krauze, a. rossa. Tbilisi 2006w. TavisuflebaaRkveTili pirebis janmrTelobis dacvis Sidasaxelwmifoebrivi garantiebi da saerTaSoriso standartebi. Tbilisi 2008w. gv.62. danaSaulis prevenciisa da damnaSaveTa mimarT mopyrobis minimaluri wesebi. gaeros ekonomikuri da socialuri sabWos rezolucia 663 (XXIV) 1957w. da 2076 (LXII) 1997w. m.kvaWaZe, ir.zarnaZe, ir. manjaviZe da sxv. `sazogadoebrivi jandacva da menejmenti.~ Tbilisi 2008w. patimrobis saerTaSoriso standartebi. Tbilisi 1995w.
18 . .. . . .1998. 19. .. . . -. 2006 . 20 . Emily Jackson. Medical Law. Oxford. 2006.
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qalTa uflebebis sferoSi momuSave organizaciebi

UNIFEM in Georgia mis.: erisTavis q.Tbilisi 0179, saqarTvelo tel.: (99532) 251126 faqsi: (99532) 250271 e-mail: tamar.sabedashvili@unifem.org www: www.inifemcis.org saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli bavSvTa da qalis uflebaTa dacvis centri mis.: ramiSvilis q.6,Tbilisi 1079, saqarTvelo tel: (99532) 913814 faqsi: (99532) 922470/ 913815 / 913841 / 913842 / 913843 / 913875 / 913876 / 913877 e-mail:info@ombudsman www: www.ombudsman.ge qalTa sainformacio centri (WIC) mis: winamZRvriSvilis q #40, Tbilisi, 0102, saqarTvelo tel: (995 32) 95 29 34 faqsi: (995 32) 94 26 99 e-mail:office@ginsc.net www: www.wicge.org qalTa sakonsultacio centri `saxli mis: ingoroyvas q #26, Tbilisi, 0108, saqarTvelo tel.: (995 32) 98 90 80 faqsi: (995 32) 93 26 35 e-mail: saxli@gol.ge sakhli13@hotmail.com www: www.wicge.org sa/o `konstituciur uflebaTa dacvis centri~ Tbilisis ofisi mis: laRiZis q. 3, Tbilisi 0108, tel/faqsi: (+99532) 91 25 61 e-mail: info@cpcr.ge Web: www.cpcr.ge a/o saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia centraluri ofisi mis: krilovis q. #15, Tbilisi 0102, saqarTvelo tel: (995 32) 936101 / 952353 faqsi: (995 32) 923211. e-mail: gyla@gyla.ge www: www.gyla.ge a/o àdamianis uflebaTa dacvis centri~ mis: yazbegis gamz, 3a, sad 2. sarT.4 Tbilisi 0102, saqarTvelo tel: (995 32) 454533/376950 faqsi: (995 32) 384650 e-mail: hridc @ hridc.org www: http://www.humanrights.ge gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisariati (UNHCR) mis: al. yazbegis, #2a, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo tel: (995 32) 42 56 01;(995 32) 779612 /250078/ 250079/250080 faqsi: (995 32) 00 13 02 e-mail: geotb@unhcr.ch www: http://www.unhcr.org da Cvenc, a/o `konstituciis 42-e muxli~ mis: SevCenkos q.12, Tbilisi 0108, saqarTvelo tel: (99532) 998856 faqsi: (99532) 932859 e-mail: office@article42.ge www: www.article42.ge
a/o `Zaladobisgan dacvis erovnuli qseli~ mis: z. WavWavaZis (yofili Serozias) q. 9, Tbilisi, saqarTvelo tel: (+995 32)950679 faqsi: (+995 32) 50 60 64 cxeli xazi: (+995 32) 72 67 17; (+995 32)890 26 16 27 e-mail: antiviolence@avng.ge www: www.avng.ge
qalTa uflebebis sferoSi momuSave organizaciaTa amomwuravi sia SegiZliaT ixiloT veb-gverdze: www.wicge.org www.ginsc.net
252

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samarTlebrivi gzamkvlevi qalebisTvis

`konstituciis 42-e muxli~

`konstituciis 42-e muxli~

eleqtronuli versia SegiZliaT ixiloT saitze: www. article42.ge da www. gtz.de/law-caucasus

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