50 wigni, romelic unda waikiTxo, sanam cocxali xar

wigni 25

gamomcemloba palitra L Tbilisi, 2011

fiodor dostoevski

Zmebi karamazovebi
romani oTx nawilad epilogiT tomi I mzia gelaSvilisa da ana abulaSvilis Targmani

eZRvneba ana grigorievna dostoevskaias* WeSmaritad, WeSmaritad geubnebiT Tqven: Tuki miwaze davardnili puris marcvali ar mokvda, calad darCeba; xolo Tu mokvda, mraval nayofs gamoiRebs. (saxareba ioanesi, 12, 24) avtorisagan Cemi gmiris, aleqsei fiodoroviC karamazovis cxovrebis aRwera erTgvarad sagonebelSi magdebs, radgan Tumca ki aleqsei fiodoroviCs `Cems gmirs~ vuwodeb, isic kargad vuwyi, rom araviTari gmiri is ar aris da aqedan gamomdinare, winaswarve vxvdebi, ra kiTxvebsac damisvamen: mainc ratom airCieT nawarmoebis gmirad aleqsei fiodoroviCi, riT aris gamorCeuli? an aseTi ra moimoqmeda? vin aris da riT gaacno xalxs Tavi? misi cxovrebiseuli faqtebis wvdomaSi ratom unda daxarjos mkiTxvelma dro? yvelaze metad swored es bolo kiTxva maSinebs, radgan mxolod erTaderTi ram SemiZlia vupasuxo: `iqneb es yovelive Tqvenve amogekiTxaT romanSi~. Tumca maSin raRa vqna, romani rom waikiTxon, veraviTari daskvna ver gamoitanon da ar dameTanxmon, rom Cemi aleqsei fiodoroviCi, marTlac mniSvnelovani pirovnebaa? amas imitom mogaxsenebT, rom gulistkiviliT vWvret, marTlac ase moxdeba. CemTvis es adamiani Zalian bevrs niSnavs, magram meeWveba, mkiTxvelsac davumtkico es mosazreba. mosazreba, rom igi didi moRvawea, oRond jer Camouyalibebeli da sicxadeSeuZeneli. Tumca, gasaocaric ki
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iqneboda, Cvens droSi sicxade mogveTxova vinmesgan. erTi ki ucilobelia: Zalze ucnauri vinmea, SeiZleba iTqvas, axirebulic. magram ucnauroba da axirebuloba ufro vnebs, vidre yuradRebis Rirsad xdis adamians, gansakuTrebiT, roca yvela imisken miiltvis, kerZosa da wvrilmans Tavi mouyaros da am areulobaSi Tundac raime saerTo azrs miagnos. axirebulebi ki umetesad TavkerZebi da gankerZoebulebi arian. xom asea? ai, Tu am ukanasknel Teziss ar gaiziarebT da mipasuxebT: `ase ar aris~ an `yovelTvis ase ar xdeba~, mciredi imedi momecema kidec Cemi gmiris, aleqsei fiodoroviCis mniSvnelobasTan dakavSirebiT, radganac ara mxolod axirebulia `mudam~ TavkerZa da gankerZoebuli, piriqiT, isec xdeba, rom swored is atarebs mTlianis gulisguls, danarCenebi ki, misi Tanamedroveni _ yvela, TiTqos erTianad dabrmavebula, ratomRac erTadve SeuqceviaT zurgi da moswyvetian mTlians... iqneb arc Semetopa am zedmetad uintereso da aburdul axsna-ganmartebebSi da sul ubralod, winasityvaobis gareSe damewyo Txroba. visac moewoneboda, mainc waikiTxavda, magram ubedurebac is gaxlavT, rom Cems nawerSi ambavi erTia, romani ki _ ori. mTavari romani meorea _ Cemi gmiris moRvaweoba ukve Cvens droSi, swored Cvens am mimdinare yofaSi. pirveli romani ki jer kidev ocdaaTi wlis win daiwyo da arc mTlad romani eTqmis, mxolod erTi monakveTia Cemi gmiris siymawvilis xanidan. am pirveli romanis gareSe verafers gavxdebi, radgan mis gareSe meore romanic gaugebari iqneba da amgvarad, ufro rTuldeba Cemi Tavdapirveli gasaWiri: Tuki me, ese igi, biografi, vTvli, rom aseTi Tavmdabali da Camouyalibebeli gmirisTvis erTi romanic sakmarisia, raRa saWiroa oris dawera, anda riT aixsneba Cemi mxridan esodeni qedmaRloba? am yoveliveze fiqriT dabneulma gadavwyvite, yvelaferi ucvlelad dametovebina. cxadia, gamWriaxi mkiTxveli ukve karga xania mixvdeboda, rom Tavidanve aqeT mimyavda saqme da mxolod imas fiqrobda, ase tyuilad ratom vflangavdi uazro sityvebsa da Zvirfas dros? amaze ki ukve dazustebiT SemiZlia gipasuxoT: uazro sityvebsa da Zvirfas dros
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jer erTi imitom vflangavdi, rom Tavazianoba moiTxovs ase, da meorec, veSmakobdi, rom saTqmeli mqonoda: `rogorc geneboT, magram winaswar mainc gagafrTxileT-meTqi~. unda vaRiaro, mixaria kidec, Cemi romani `arsebuli erTi mTlianidan~ TavisTavad or nawilad rom gaiyo. pirveli nawilis gacnobis Semdeg mkiTxveli ukve TviTon gansazRvravs, uRirs ki meoris kiTxva daiwyos? cxadia, aravinaa SezRuduli. wigni SeiZleba pirveli nawilis oriode gverdis wakiTxvis Semdegac moisrolo da aRarasodes gadaSalo. magram iseTi daxvewili mkiTxvelic xom arsebobs, romelsac miukerZoebeli msjelobisTvis aucileblad sWirdeba romanis bolomde wakiTxva. aseTebad ki, magaliTad, rusi kritikosebi SemiZlia davasaxelo. amdagvar mkiTxvelebTan ki namdvilad ar meTanaRreba guli: miuxedavad imisa, rom Zalze akuratulni da keTilsindisierebi arian, yvela kanonier uflebas vaZlev, romanis pirvelive epizodze Sewyviton kiTxva. ai, sul es aris Cemi winasityvaoba. geTanxmebiT, iqneb zedmetic iyo es yvelaferi, magram rakiRa davwere, dae, darCes kidec. axla ki saqmes mivxedoT.

nawili pirveli wigni pirveli

erTi ojaxis istoria

I fiodor pavloviC karamazovi aleqsei fiodoroviC karamazovi Cveni mazris memamulis, fiodor pavloviC karamazovis mesame Svili gaxldaT, romelmac imxanad (Tumca am ambavs axlac xSirad ixseneben xolme) Tavisi tragikuli da bneliT moculi sikvdiliT gaiTqva saxeli. am cameti wlis winandel ambavs mec Tavis droze giambobT, axla ki am `memamulis~ (CvenSi memamules eZaxdnen, Torem Tavis mamulSi wesierad arc ucxovria) Sesaxeb mxolod imas mogaxsenebT, rom Zalze ucnauri kaci iyo, rogoric xSirad gvxvdeba xolme cxovrebaSi. swored iseTi tipi, mxolod arafris maqnisi da garyvnili ki ara, briyvic rom aris, oRond iseTi briyvi, mSvenivrad rom axerxebs Tavisi qonebrivi saqmeebis mogvarebas. fiodor pavloviCma sul arafridan daiwyo. Rataki memamule gaxldaT, gemrielad danayrebas stumrad yofnisas Tu axerxebda. mTeli sicocxle samadlod, sxvis xarjze cxovrobda, sikvdilis Semdeg ki aRmoCnda, rom asi aTas rublamde hqonia naRdi fuli! da mainc, mudam yvelaze briyv da TavaSvebul kacad iTvleboda Cvens mazraSi. kidev gavimeoreb: es sibriyve sisuleles sulac ar niSnavs! amgvarTa umravlesoba sakmaod Wkviani da eSmakia _ es sibriyve ki SeiZleba iTqvas, gansakuTrebuli, nacionaluri Tviseba ufroa. fiodor pavloviCs ori qorwinebidan sami vaJiSvili hyavda: dmitri fiodoroviCi pirveli colisgan, ori momdevno _ ivani da aleqsei ki _ meorisgan. misi pirveli meuRle Cveni mazris sakmaod mdidari da cnobili gvaris, memamule miusovebis STamomavali iyo. ver gety8

viT da arc vapireb imaSi garkvevas, rogor moxda, rom mziTviani da Tanac lamazi qaliSvili, metic, Zalze ganaTlebulic, ase rom momravldnen Cvens droSi (Tumca ki wina TaobebSic gamoereodnen), am CaCanaks gahyva colad. didi xnis win erT qaliSvils vicnobdi, jer kidev im wina, romantikuli Taobidan, romelic ramdenime weliwads TavdaviwyebiT iyo Seyvarebuli erT batonze, romelsac sxvaTa Soris, SeeZlo mSvidad coladac gahyoloda, magram Tavadve gamoigona gadaulaxavi winaaRmdegobebi da erT mSfoTvare Rames sakuTari kaprizis gamo, mxolod imitom, rom Seqspiris ofelias damsgavseboda, qarafisdari maRali napiridan swraf da Rrma mdinareSi gadaeSva! metsac getyviT, es didi xnis SerCeuli da Segulebuli qarafi aseTi lamazi rom ar yofiliyo, egeb prozaul, arafriT gamorCeul da swor napirze arc moendomebina Tavis mokvla. es, rac giambeT, ucilobeli faqtia da safiqrebelia, rom Cveni rusuli yofis ukanaskneli ori Tu sami Taobis cxovrebaSi amgvari an msgavsi movlena xSirad momxdara. adelaida ivanovna miusovas saqcielic sxvaTa naazrevis aseTive gamoZaxili da am gamoZaxiliT tyveqmnili gonebis nafiqralis Sedegi gaxldaT. mas, rogorc Cans, qaluri damoukideblobis gamovlena, sazogadoebrivi azrisa Tu sakuTari sagvareulosa da ojaxis despotizmis winaaRmdeg wasvla surda. damyolma fantaziam ki albaT Tundac erTi wuTiT, magram mainc daarwmuna, rom es sxvis xarjze mcxovrebi fiodor pavloviCi mainc erT-erTi yvelaze gabeduli da damcinavi kaci iyo, im ukeTesi cxovrebisken gardamaval epoqaSi, Tumca ki sinamdvileSi mxolod boroti takimasxara gaxldaT da meti araferi! am ambis pikanturoba kidev imaSi mdgomareobs, rom fiodor pavloviCma qali moitaca, riTic erTob moxibla adelaida ivanovna. Tavad fiodor pavloviCi amgvari TavgadasavlisTvis socialuri mdgomareobiTac ki iyo mzad, radganac mTeli suliTa da guliT iswrafoda, radac unda dasjdomoda, rogorme aewyo Tavisi cxovreba; Rirseul naTesaobasTan mikedleba da kargi mziTvis miReba ki sakmaod didi sacduri gaxldaT. siyvaruli mgoni saerTodac ar yofi9

la _ arc patarZlisa da arc fiodor pavloviCis mxridan, miuxedavad imisa, rom adelaida ivanovnas lamazi qali eTqmoda. amgvarad, es albaT erTaderTi SemTxveva iyo mTeli sicocxle garyvnilebiT ganTqmuli da nebismieri qalis TiTis daqnevaze dasadevneblad mzadmyofi fiodor pavloviCis cxovrebaSi, rom mas ar hyvarebia. vimeoreb, es iyo erTaderTi SemTxveva, roca qals masSi vneba ar aRuZravs. adelaida ivanovna motacebidan Zalian male mixvda, rom qmari mxolod ezizReboda. amgvarad, sul mokle xanSi gamoikveTa am qorwinebis Sedegic. Tumca adelaida ivanovnas ojaxi maleve Seegua momxdars da gaqceuls mziTevic misca, meuRleTa Soris mainc ver dalagda cxovreba da mudmiv usiamovnebebSic gadaizarda. ambobdnen, rom patarZali fiodor pavloviCze meti keTilSobilebiT gamoirCeoda, ufro TavSekavebulic iyo. qmarma ki, rogorc male gaxda cnobili, mTeli ocdaxuTi aTasi erTianad gamostyua da amis Semdeg Tavisi aTasebi adelaida ivanovnas TvaliTac aRarasodes unaxavs. fiodor pavloviCi colis mziTevSi moyolili soflisa da qalaqSi sakmaod kargi saxlis Tavis saxelze gadaformebasac mTeli ZalisxmeviT cdilobda romeliRac aqtis meSveobiT. albaT male miaRwevda kidec sawadels, imdenad SeaZula Tavi adelaida ivanovnas da ise gamofita sulierad Tavisi yovlad usircxvilo gamomZalvelobiTa da daJinebuli RiWiniT, rom qali yvelaferze Tanaxma iyo, oRond ki rogorme moeSorebina Tavidan, magram sabednierod, saqmeSi adelaida ivanovnas ojaxi Caeria da fiodor pavloviCs lagami amosdo. danamdvilebiT aris cnobili, rom col-qmris kamaTi xSirad xelCarTul CxubSi gadaizrdeboda xolme, magram imasac ambobdnen, rom fiodor pavloviCi ki ara, Savgvremani, ficxi da TavSeukavebeli, sakmaod Ronieri adelaida ivanovna scemda qmars. bolos adelaida ivanovna erT Ratak seminariel pedagogTan erTad gaiqca saxlidan da fiodor pavloviCs sami wlis mitia dautova. fiodor pavloviCma maSinve haramxana moawyo saxlSi da uTavbolo smas mihyo xeli. drodadro ki lamis mTel gubernias moivlida xolme
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da yvelas SesCioda Tavis gasaWirs. amasTan Tavis ojaxur ambebze iseT wvrilmanebsac hyveboda, mamakacs rom ar Seefereba. rac mTavaria, TiTqos siamovnebda da eamayeboda kidec Seuracxyofili da mitovebuli qmris sasacilo rols rom ganasaxierebda da Tavis gulistkivils aTasnairi wvrilmaniT aferadebda. `TiTqos maRali Cini migeRoT, iseTi siamovnebiT hyvebiT Tqvens ubedurebaze~, _ eubnebodnen damcinavad. zogierTebi imasac dasZendnen, rom fiodor pavloviCs moswonda takimasxaris axali rolis morgeba da TiTqos verc amCnevda, ra komikur situaciaSi igdebda Tavs. ZaliT, sxvebis dasacinad iqceoda ase. Tumca vin icis, iqneb amas gulubryvilobiTac sCadioda. bolos gaqceuli colis kvalsac miagno. sabralo qali peterburgSi aRmoCnda, sadac Tavis seminarielTan erTad gadabargebuliyo da sruli emansipaciiT tkbeboda. fiodor pavloviCi maSinve dafacurda, peterburgSi gamgzavreba gadawyvita. oRond risTvis, cxadia, TviTonac ar icoda. da iqneb gamgzavrebuliyo kidec, magram am gadawyvetilebis miRebisTanave isic moifiqra, rom ufleba hqonda, gamgzavrebamde, siTamamisTvis, cota xniT Tavawyvetili loTobiT gaerTo Tavi. da ai, swored am dros, misi meuRlis ojaxma qaliSvilis peterburgSi gardacvalebis ambavi Seityo. adelaida ivanovna moulodnelad gardacvliliyo, sadRac sxvenze. erTni ambobdnen, tifiTo, meoreni _ SimSiliTo. colis sikvdili rom acnobes, fiodor pavloviCi mTvrali iyo. ambobdnen, sixaruliT zecisken xelapyrobili darboda quCebSi da gahyviroda: `Tavisufali var, Tavisufali!~ sxvebi ki amtkicebdnen, bavSviviT aqviTinda da ise moTqvamda, sacodaoba iyo misi cqera, miuxedavad imisa, rom irgvlivmyofTa Soris mudam zizRs iwvevdao. SesaZlebelia erTic iyo da meorec. ese igi, uxaroda kidec gaTavisufleba da gamTavisuflebelsac dastiroda. es orive grZnoba erTad mZvinvarebda mis gulSi. umetes SemTxvevaSi adamianebi, borotmoqmedebic ki, ufro gulubryviloebi da miamitebi arian, vidre saerTod SegviZlia warmovidginoT. igive iTqmis Cvenzec.
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II pirveli Svili Tavidan moiSora cxadia, advili warmosadgenia rogori aRmzrdeli da mama iqneboda fiodor pavloviCi. mas, rogorc mamas is daemarTa, rac unda damarToda, _ saerTod miatova adelaida ivanovnasTan SeZenili Svili. ara imitom, rom colze brazobda an Seuracxyofili qmris aRSfoTeba ar asvenebda, mxolod imitom, rom sruliad daaviwyda, Svili rom hyavda. vidre cremliTa da wuwuniT abezrebda yvelas Tavs, saxli ki garyvnilebis buded aqcia, sami wlis mitias momvlelad am saxlisave erTguli msaxuri grigori gamouCnda da is rom ara, iqneb am sabralo biWs perangis gamomcvlelic aravin hyoloda. amas isic daerTo, rom dedis naTesavebsac pirvel xanebSi TiTqos miaviwydaT kidec biWi. babuamisi, ese igi batoni miusovi, adelaida ivanovnas mama, maSin ukve cocxali aRar iyo; misi daqvrivebuli meuRle, mitias bebia, moskovSi gadasaxlebuliyo da avadmyofobda. adelaidas debi ki gaTxoviliyvnen. amgvarad, mitia TiTqmis mTel weliwads msaxur grigorisTan cxovrobda ezos fligelSi. Tumca, mamas romc gaxseneboda (xom SeuZlebelia marTla aRar xsomeboda Svili), albaT TviTonac im fligelSi gagzavnida sacxovreblad, radgan bavSvi aRviraxsnil cxovrebaSi SeuSlida xels. magram ise moxda, rom parizidan gardacvlili adelaida ivanovnas biZaSvili piotr aleqsandroviC miusovi dabrunda. maSin marTalia Zalian axalgazrda iyo, magram miusovebSi erTob gamorCeuli, ganaTlebuli, namdvili qalaqeli, sazRvargareTidan axalCamosuli. Tanac rogorc ityvian, suliT xorcamde evropeli, mraval weliwads rom cxovrobda sazRvargareT, sicocxlis bolos ki, ormoc da ormocdaaTian wlebSi liberalic gaxda. Tavisi karieris ganmavlobaSi im epoqis yvela saxelganTqmul liberals icnobda ruseTSic da sazRvargareTac, piradi nacnoboba akavSirebda prudonsa* da bakuninTan*. mogvianebiT gansakuTrebuli siamovnebiT ixsenebda xolme parizis ormocdarva wlis Tebervlis samdRian revolucias. misi sityvebidan advili mi12

saxvedri iyo, rom lamis TviTonac monawileobda barikadebze gamarTul brZolebSi. es iyo misi axalgazrdobis yvelaze naTeli mogoneba. qonebrivad aravisze iyo damokidebuli, maSindeli proporciebiT, daaxloebiT aTasi suli hyavda. misi mSvenieri mamuli Cveni qalaqis siaxloves mdebareobda da Cvenive saxelovani monastris miwebs esazRvreboda, romelTanac piotr aleqsandroviCs jer kidev axalgazrdobaSi, memkvidreobis miRebisTanave dauwyia dava, zustad ver getyviT, mdinareSi Tevzis Werisa Tu tyis Wris uflebis gamo, magram `klerikalebTan~ procesis dawyebas Tavis moqalaqeobriv da ganmanaTleblur movaleobad Tvlida. rogorc ki adelaida ivanovnas ambavi Seityo, romelic, cxadia, axsovda da isic gaigo, rom mis biZaSvils Svili darCenoda, fiodor pavloviCisadmi Tavisi aRSfoTebisa da daufaravi zizRis miuxedavad, gadawyvita Tavad miexeda am saqmisTvis. ai, maSin gaicno pirvelad fiodor pavloviCi da pirdapir ganucxada, rom surda Tavad aRezarda bavSvi. mogvianebiT yvelas uyveboda erT STambeWdav detals _ roca fiodor pavloviCs mitia uxsena, is didxans ver moego gons, didxans ver mixvda, kerZod romel bavSvze elaparakebodnen. TiTqos gaocda kidec, sadRac saxlSi Svili rom hyavda. piotr aleqsandroviCs romc gaezviadebina, es ambavi imdenad Camohgavs simarTles, rom namdvilad asec moxdeboda. magram isic marTalia, rom fiodor pavloviCi mTeli sicocxle jambazobda, uceb SeeZlo Tqven Tvalwin raime roli gaeTamaSebina, da rac mTavaria, xandaxan am rolis TamaSi araferSi sWirdeboda, piriqiT, vnebda kidec, rogorc am SemTxvevaSi moxda. sxvaTa Soris, aseTi ram mravals axasiaTebs, fiodor pavloviCze ufro Wkvianebsac. piotr aleqsandroviCi guliT moekida saqmes da radganac dedis gardacvalebis Semdeg memkvidreobad saxli da mamuli rCeboda, bavSvis meurvedac dainiSna (fiodor pavloviCTan erTad), mitia marTlac gadasaxlda biZasTan, magram piotr aleqsandroviCs ojaxi ar hyavda da rogorc ki Tavisi mamulebidan fuladi uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebi moagvara, kvlav didi xniT gaemgzavra parizs, bavSvi ki Tavis erT-erT deidas miabara, moskovel
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qalbatons. ise moxda, rom parizSi yofnisas masac gadaaviwyda mitia, gansakuTrebiT safrangeTis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg, romelmac imdenad Seuryia warmosaxva, rom mTeli sicocxle aRar daviwyebia. amasobaSi ki is moskoveli qalbatonic gardaicvala da mitia axla mis erT-erT gaTxovil qaliSvilTan gadavida sacxovreblad. mgoni kidev erTxel, ukve meoTxedac gamoicvala sacxovrebeli adgili. mokled, am ambis TxrobiT Tavs aRar SegawyenT, Semdegac bevris moyola mogviwevs fiodor pavloviCis pirmSoze, amitomac mxolod im yvelaze aucilebliT Semovifarglebi, romlis gareSec romanis dawyeba gamiWirdeba. pirvel yovlisa, dmitri fiodoroviCi fiodor pavloviCis sami Svilidan erTaderTi iyo, romelic im Rrma rwmeniT izrdeboda, rom mcireodeni qoneba mainc hqonda da srulwlovanebis miRwevisTanave, damoukidebel arsebobas SeZlebda. misi siymawvile da axalgazrdoba srul areulobaSi gailia: gimnaziis ris vai-vaglaxiT damTavrebis Semdeg romeliRac samxedro saswavlebelSi moxvda, Semdeg kavkasiaSi amoyo Tavi. erTxans imsaxura, mere duelis gamo daaqveiTes, isev waiwia win, bevrs Rreobda da sakmaod didi fuli gaflanga. fuls mama mas Semdeg ugzavnida, rac srulwlovani gaxda, Tumca manamde dmitri fiodoroviCs ukve didZali vali daugrovda. mamamisi, fiodor pavloviCic mxolod srulwlovanma naxa pirvelad, roca masTan memkvidreobis sakiTxebis mosagvareblad Camovida Cvens mxareSi. mgoni mama arc maSin moswonebia. sul mcire xani dayo saxlSi da rogorc ki raRac Tanxa aiRo da mamulidan Semosavlis miRebazec SeuTanxmda mamas, saswrafod ukan gabrunda. Tumca (aRsaniSnavi faqtia) Tavisi mamulis verc Rirebulebisa da verc Semosavlianobis Sesaxeb imJamad mamisgan veraferi Seityo. fiodor pavloviCma ki maSinve SeniSna (da es aucileblad unda davimaxsovroT), rom mitias Tavis qonebaze gadaWarbebuli da araswori warmodgena hqonda. aman mxolod misTvis cnobili mosazrebiT gaaxara kidec. imasac mixvda, rom ymawvili sakmaod Tavqariani, CxubisTavi, ficxi, sulswrafi da qeifis moyvaruli iyo da rogorc ki cotaoden
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Tanxas moigdebda xelT, mcire xniT, magram mainc mSviddeboda. swored am Tvisebebis gamoyeneba scada saTavisod fiodor pavloviCma, ese igi, Svils drodadro gagzavnili mcireodeni TanxiT iSorebda Tavidan. bolos ki, roca oTxi wlis Semdeg moTminebadakarguli mitia xelmeored Camovida Cvens qalaqSi, raTa kidev erTxel da samudamod gaerkvia mamasTan saqme, misda gasaocrad moulodnelad aRmoaCina, rom qonebidan aRaraferi darCenoda. Tavisi wili mamulis Rirebuleba mamamiss misTvis karga xania gadaexada da lamis ukve TviTon dasdeboda mamis vali. isic gaarkvia, rom raRac garigebiT, sxvadasxva dros TviTonve rom daudvia, axla imis uflebac aRar hqonda, kidev raime moeTxova da a.S. da a.S. ymawvili kaci gaognda. mixvda, rom atyuebdnen, misi gacureba surdaT, wonasworoba dakarga da TiTqmis gonic ki waerTva. ai, swored es garemoeba mivida katastrofamde, romlis aRwerac Cems pirvel Sesaval romanSi momiwevs an ukeT rom vTqvaT, mis garegnul mxares moicavs. magram vidre am romanze gadavidode, aucileblad unda mogiTxroT fiodor pavloviCis kidev or Svilze, mitias Zmebze da agixsnaT, rogor moevlinnen isini am qveyanas. III meore qorwineba da momdevno Svilebi rogorc ki fiodor pavloviCma oTxi wlis mitia moiSora Tavidan, TiTqmis maSinve SeirTo meore coli. es qorwineba rva weliwads gagrZelda. sacole, aseve sruliad axalgazrda sofia ivanovna, sxva guberniidan Camoiyvana, sadac romeliRac ebraelTan erTad wvrilman sanardo saqmeze iyo Casuli. fiodor pavloviCs, Tumca ki usasrulod Rreobda, svamda da Cxubobda, Tavis qonebaze zrunva mainc arasdros Seuwyvetia da sakmao warmatebiTac uZRveboda saqmes, Tumca arcTu iSviaTad usindisodac iqceoda. pataraobidanve daoblebuli sofia ivanovna uTvistomo, romeliRac ubiri diakvnis Svili iyo da Tavisi keTilismyoflis, aRmzrdelisa da amavdroulad
15

mtanjvelis, saxelovani generlis, voroxovis qvrivis mdidar ojaxSi izrdeboda. dawvrilebiT araferi vici, mxolod yuri momikravs, rom morCili, uboroto da usityvo gogona erTxel yulfidanac CamouxsniaT, romelic sxvenze, lursmanze daukidia, _ imdenad gasWirvebia am, albaT arcTu boroti, magram usaqmurobiT gatutucebuli dedabris TavkerZobisa da mudmivi sayvedurebis moTmena. fiodor pavloviCma qals xeli SesTavaza. ojaxma mis Sesaxeb gaikiTx-gamoikiTxa da uariT gamoistumres. maSin, rogorc pirveli qorwinebisas, fiodor pavloviCma gogonas masTan erTad gaqceva SesTavaza. Zalian, Zalian mosalodneli iyo, is gogonac ar gahyoloda colad, droulad rom Seetyo mis Sesaxeb ufro meti. magram isini sxvadasxva guberniaSi cxovrobdnen. Tanac, an ki ra unda gaego, an scodnoda Teqvsmeti wlis gogos, garda imisa, rom Tavis keTilismyofelTan darCenas mdinareSi Tavis daxrCoba erCivna. ase Secvala sabralom erTi keTilismyofeli meoriT. fiodor pavloviCma amjerad qonebas veraferi Semata. generlis qvrivi gaubrazda, mziTevi ar misca da daswyevla kidec orive. Tumca fiodor pavloviCs mziTvis miRebis didi imedi mainc ar hqonia. am ucodveli gogonas araCveulebriv silamazes da rac mTavaria, mis gulubryvilo garegnobas daxarbda ufro, Tavidanve rom moxibla es avxorci mamakaci, mxolod qalis biwier silamazes rom eltvoda vnebiT. `maSin am ucodvelma Tvalebma samarTebeliviT damisera suli~, _ Taviseburi Jiniani xiTxiTiT ambobda xolme mogvianebiT. Tumca garyvnili mamakacisTvis SeiZleboda esec avxorci ltolva yofiliyo. raki colisgan mziTevi ver miiRo, fiodor pavloviCma sul aiSva. cols didad aRarc erideboda, isic kmaroda, rom qali mis winaSe `valSi~ iyo, lamis `yulfidan hyavda Camoxsnili~, Tan misi fenomenaluri morCilebiTa da TavmdablobiTac sargeblobda da colqmruli cxovrebis elementarul wesebsac arad dagidevdaT. colisgan daufaravad Sin uweso qalebi mihyavda da orgiebs marTavda. aRsaniSnavia, rom pirquSma, ugunurma da jiutma msaxurma grigorim, dasanaxad rom ver itanda Zvel qalbatons _ adelaida ivanovnas, amjerad axali
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qalbatonis mxare daiWira, icavda da mis gamo xSiradac eCxubeboda fiodor pavloviCs, xandaxan ise, msaxurs rom ar Seefereboda. erTxel ki orgia CauSala da fiodor pavloviCis Camoyvanili qalebi ZaliT gayara saxlidan. mogvianebiT, im ubedur, bavSvobidanve daSinebul axalgazrda qals nervuli qaluri daavadeba daewyo, rac umetesad ubralo xalxsa da soflis dedakacebSi iyo gavrcelebuli da aseTebs avznianebs eZaxdnen. es daavadeba saSinel isterikul Setevebs iwvevda da sneuli drodadro gonebasac kargavda, Tumca miuxedavad amisa, colma fiodor pavloviCs ori Svili mainc gauCina, ivani da aleqsei. pirveli _ qorwinebis pirvelive wels, meore ki _ sami wlis Semdeg. deda rom gardaecvala, patara aleqseis oTxi welic ar Sesruleboda da Tumca SeiZleba Zalian ucnauradac geCvenoT, mainc vici, rom deda samudamod daamaxsovrda _ cxadia, mxolod sizmariviT. dedis sikvdilis Semdeg orive biWs zustad igive bedi ewia, rac pirvels _ mitias: mamam isinic miiviwya da miatova. orive bavSvi imave grigoris xelSi aRmoCnda da mis qoxSi gadasaxlda. swored im qoxSi miagno bavSvebs generlis TavkerZa colma, maTi dedis keTilismyofelma da aRmzrdelma. is dedaberi jer isev cocxali iyo da mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi ver daeviwyebina misTvis miyenebuli wyena. Tavisi `sofias~ am rvawliani cxovrebis Sesaxeb sarwmuno wyaroebidan yvelaferi wvrilad icoda da roca misi avadmyofobis ambavi Seityo da isic, Tu ra saSinel pirobebSi uwevda cxovreba, orjer Tu samjer xmamaRla uTxra Tavis WerqveS samadlod Sekedlebul qalebs: `axia masze, RmerTma dasaja umadurobisTvis~. sofia ivanovnas gardacvalebidan zustad sami Tvis Semdeg, Cvens qalaqSi moulodnelad generlis qvrivi gamoCnda da pirdapir fiodor pavloviCs ewvia Sin. sul raRac naxevari saaTi dayo qalaqSi, magram bevris gakeTeba ki moaswro. saRamo xani iyo, fiodor pavloviCi, romelic mTeli am rva wlis ganmavlobaSi TvaliT aRar enaxa, mTvrali gamovida mis Sesaxvedrad. hyvebian, rom qvrivma maSinve, yovelgvari axsnaganmartebis gareSe, danaxvisTanave ori gvariani da magari si17

la gaawna da samjer aqaCa qoCriT. Semdeg xmis amouReblad pirdapir qoxisken gaemarTa biWebis mosanaxuleblad. Tvalis erTi SevlebisTanave SeniSna, rom bavSvebi daubanlebi iyvnen da WuWyiani tansacmeli ecvaT. kidev erTi sila grigorisac uTavaza da ganucxada, rom orive biWi TavisTan mihyavda. Semdeg bavSvebi iseve, rogorc ecvaT, gareT gamoiyvana, Tbil pledSi gaaxvia, etlSi Casxa da Tavis qalaqSi waiyvana. grigorim es sila monis morCilebiT aitana, uxeSi sityvac ar dascdenia, dedaberi etlamde miacila da, miwamde Tavis dakvriT mtkiced ganucxada, rom `oblebis gadarCenisTvis madls RmerTi gadauxdida~. `mainc lenCi xar!~ _ ukve daZruli etlidan gadmosZaxa generlis qvrivma. fiodor pavloviCi dafiqrda da maSinve mixvda, rom arc ise urigod wauvida saqme da qvrivis mier bavSvebis aRzrdis formalur Tanxmobaze uari ar uTqvams. Tavisi gasilaqebis ambavi ki mTel qalaqs TviTonve Seatyobina saswrafod. am ambidan sul mokle xanSi generlis qvrivic gardaicvala, Tumca Tavis patarebs anderZiT aTas-aTasi rubli mainc dautova, `maTi ganaTlebisaTvis da im pirobiT, rom es fuli aucileblad mxolod maT moxmardeT, oRond ise, rom srulwlovanebamde eyoT, radgan esec bevria aseTi bavSvebisaTvis. xolo Tu vinmes guli Sestkiva maTze, TviTon gaikras jibeze xeli da a.S. da a.S~. anderZi Tavad ar wamikiTxavs, magram msmenia, rom es yvelaferi Zalze ucnaurad da Taviseburad gamouxatavs generlis qvrivs. Tanac, rogorc gairkva, dedabris mTavari memkvidre wesieri adamiani aRmoCnda, _ im guberniis Tavad-aznaurTa winamZRoli efim petroviC polenovi. man werili miswera fiodor pavloviCs da maSinve mixvda, rom misgan misive Svilebis aRsazrdel fuls ver eRirseboda (Tumca fiodor pavloviCs pirdapiri uari arasodes uTqvams, oRond Cveulebisamebr, dros welavda da xandaxan cremlebsac aRvarRvarebda), amitom gadawyvita Tavadve ezruna oblebze, gansakuTrebiT umcrosi aleqsei Seuyvarda, Tanac imdenad, rom biWi didxans mis ojaxSic ki izrdeboda. minda es mkiTxvelma Tavidanve daimaxsovros. da Tuki vinmes madlierebi unda
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yofiliyvnen Zmebi TavianTi ganaTlebisa da aRzrdisaTvis, es swored ukeTilSobilesi da uhumanuresi efim petroviCi gaxldaT, erTi imaTgani, rogorebic iSviaTad gvxvdebian amqveynad. bavSvebs man generlis qvrivisgan datovebuli aTas-aTasi rubli xeluxleblad Seunaxa. ase rom, maT srulwlovanebamde am Tanxas procentebic daemata da ori aTas-ori aTasi gaxda. biWebi ki Tavisi fuliT aRzarda da ra Tqma unda, aTas rublze bevrad meti daaxarja TiToeuls. maTi bavSvobisa da siymawvilis dawvrilebiT aRweras axla ar Sevudgebi da mxolod yvelaze mTavar garemoebebs aRvniSnav. ufrosze, ivanze mxolod imas mogaxsenebT, rom Zalze pirquSi da Tavis TavSi Caketili iyo, oRond ara mSiSara, aTi wlisa ukve mixvda, rom ucxo ojaxSi samadlod izrdebodnen da ratomRac iseTi mama hyavdaT, romlis Sesaxeb laparakic ki uxerxuli iyo da a.S da a.S. am biWma Zalian adre, sul pataraobidan (yovel SemTxvevaSi, ase ambobdnen), gamoavlina swavlisadmi gaugonari ltolva da brwyinvale monacemebi. zustad ver getyviT, magram rogorRac ise moxda, rom gamzrdelis ojaxi man lamis cameti wlis asakSi datova, moskovis erT-erT gimnaziaSi gadaiyvanes saswavleblad, bina ki imxanad gamocdil da cnobil pedagogTan, efim petroviCis bavSvobis megobarTan daido. TviT ivani mogvianebiT hyveboda, rom es yvelaferi `efim petroviCis sikeTis qmnis wyurvilis~ Sedegad moxda, radgan darwmunebuli iyo, rom genialuri monacemebis biWi aucileblad genialur aRmzrdels unda gamoewrTo. Tumca im droisTvis, roca axalgazrda kacma gimnazia daasrula da universitetSi Cairicxa, aRarc efim petroviCi da aRarc is genialuri aRmzrdeli iyvnen cocxlebi. raki efim petroviCs sworad ar hqonda gansazRvruli im tutrucana dedabris mier TiToeuli ZmisTvis anderZiT datovebuli (procentebiT ukve ori aTasad qceuli) aTasi rublis gadacemis procesi, Tanxis miReba sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo da CvenSi esoden aucilebeli formalobebiTa da gajanjlebiT Seyovnda, ymawvil kacs universitetSi swavlis pirveli ori wlis ganmavlobaSi sakmaod gauWirda Tavis Senaxva, radgan Tavic unda erCina da eswavla kidec. imasac aR19

vniSnavT, rom mamasTan dakavSireba arc ucdia. egeb siamayisa da misdami siZulvilis gamo, anda imitomac, rom saRi goneba karnaxobda, rom mamisgan seriozul daxmarebas mainc ver miiRebda. ase iyo Tu ise, ymawvili kaci ar dabneula da samuSao iSova. Tavdapirvelad orSauriani gakveTilebiT irCenda Tavs, Semdeg ki sxvadasxva gazeTis redaqciaSi darboda da `TviTmxilvelis~ fsevdonimiT quCaSi momxdari ambebis Sesaxeb aTstriqonian informaciebs aqveynebda. ambobdnen, rom es mcire informaciebi yovelTvis ise sainteresod da pikanturad iyo dawerili, rom male maTi avtori popularuli gaxda. mokled, araCveulebrivi praqtikuli da gonebrivi SesaZleblobebiT am axalgazrda kacma SeZlo, mTeli Tavisi upiratesoba warmoeCina im mravalricxovan, orive sqesis studentTa, mudmivad gaWirvebul da ubedur nawilTan SedarebiT, romlebic dedaqalaqSi, Cveulebriv, dilidan daRamebamde gazeTebisa da Jurnalebis redaqciebis parmaRebs atalaxeben da frangulidan Targmnisa Tu gadaweris garda ukeTesi veraferi moufiqrebiaT. redaqciebTan axlo kavSiri ivan fiodoroviCs arc SemdgomSi gauwyvetia da ukve universitetSi swavlis bolo wlebSi sxvadasxva specialur Temaze dawerili wignebis sakmaod saintereso mimoxilvebis momzadeba da gamoqveyneba daiwyo ise, rom literaturul wreebSic ki gaiTqva saxeli. Tumca mkiTxvelTa farTo wris yuradRebis mipyroba sul bolo xans da isic sruliad SemTxveviT SeZlo, Tanac imdenad, rom maSin is bevrma SeamCnia da daimaxsovra. marTlac saintereso SemTxveva gaxldaT. universitetis damTavrebis Semdeg ivan fiodoroviCi Tavisi ori aTasiT sazRvargareT apirebda gamgzavrebas Tumca manamde erT mozrdil gazeTSi sakmaod ucnauri statia dabeWda, romelmac araspecialistTa yuradRebac ki miiqcia. mTavari is aris, rom sakiTxi misTvis sruliad ucxo iyo, Tavad sabunebismetyvelo kursi daamTavra, statia ki imxanad yvelaze sakamaTo Temas _ saeklesio sasamarTlos exeboda. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebuli, zogierTi ukve arsebuli mosazrebis mimoxilvis Semdeg, statiaSi sakuTar TvalTaxedvasac gamoTqvamda, mTavari aq toni da araCveulebrivi, sruliad moulod20

neli avtoriseuli daskvna iyo. maSin, amis gamo mravalma saeklesio moRvawem statiis avtori Tavisianad miiCnia. maTTan erTad axal avtors moulodnelad ara mxolod samoqalaqo pirebma, aramed aTeistebmac ki daukres taSi. Tumca bolos, zogierTi gonebamaxvili mkiTxveli mixvda, rom mTeli statia mxolod Tavxeduri farsi da dacinva iyo. me ki am SemTxvevas mxolod imitom vaxseneb, rom statiam droulad moaRwia Cveni qalaqis gareubanSi mdebare cnobil monastramdec, sadac saeklesio sasamarTlos Temaze wamoWrili sakiTxiT Zalian iyvnen dainteresebulni _ moaRwia da sruli gaocebac gamoiwvia. Semdeg, avtoris vinaobac Seityves da isic gaarkvies, Cveni qalaqis mkvidri da `im fiodor pavloviCis~ vaJiSvili rom iyo. da ai, swored am dros moulodnelad qalaqSi Tavad avtoric gamogvecxada. risTvis Camovida CvenTan ivan fiodoroviCi, _ maxsovs, rom jer kidev maSin vekiTxebodi uCveulo SeSfoTebiT Tavs. es avbediTi Camosvla, Semdgom rom amden movlenas daudo safuZveli _ CemTvis kidev didxans, TiTqmis samudamod darCa gamocanad. Tu davfiqrdebiT, marTlac ucnauri iyo, rom esoden ganaTlebuli, esoden amayi da erTi SexedviT Zalze frTxili ymawvili moulodnelad aseT sazizRar saxlSi da aseT mamasTan Camovida, romelic mTeli sicocxle arafrad agdebda Svils. metic, arc icnobda da arc axsovda da Tumca, cxadia, Svils romc eTxova, arafris didebiT da araviTar SemTxvevaSi fuls ar miscemda, magram mainc mTeli sicocxle imisi SiSi scemda Tavzars, rom ivanic da aleqseic odesme Sin dabrundebodnen da fuls moiTxovdnen. da ai, axalgazrda kaci aseTi mamis saxlSi dabrunda. erTi-ori Tve icxovra da saukeTesod Seewyvnen erTmaneTs. am ukanasknelma ambavma mxolod me ki ara, sxva mravalic gaaoca. piotr aleqsandroviC miusovi, fiodor pavloviCis pirveli colis Soreuli naTesavi, romlis Sesaxebac adrec mogaxseneT, imxanad SemTxveviT aRmoCnda CvenTan, Tavis qalaqgareTa mamulSi, droebiT iyo Camosuli parizidan, sadac ukve sabolood gadasaxlebuliyo. maxsovs, mas Semdeg, rac am ymawvili kaciT dainteresda, gaicno da drodadro od21

nav gulnatkensac ki uwevda masTan kamaTisas ukan daxeva, gaocebuli ityoda xolme: `Zalian amayia, puris fuls yovelTvis iSovis, axlac sakmao fuli aqvs sazRvargareT gasamgzavreblad, netav aq ra darCenia? yvelasTvis naTelia, rom mamasTan fulis saTxovnelad ar Camosula, yovel SemTxvevaSi xvdeba, rom mainc verafers miiRebs. Rvinis smas da garyvnilebas ver itans. bebers ki ise Seuyvarda, TvalSi rom Cauvardes, TiTs ar amoisvams!~ marTlac ase iyo. es ymawvili TiTqos erTgvar gavlenasac axdenda mamaze. isic TiTqos ujerebda kidec drodadro Svils. marTalia, zogjer gadametebuladac da gaborotebiTac TavkerZobda, magram Svilis Camosvlis Semdeg xandaxan TiTqos ukeTesadac ki iqceoda... mxolod mogvianebiT gairkva, rom ivan fiodoroviCi nawilobriv Tavisi ufrosi Zmis, dmitri fiodoroviCis TxovniTa da misi saqmeebis mosagvareblad Camosuliyo, romelic swored CvenTan Camosvlis Semdeg naxa pirvelad, magram masTan erTi mniSvnelovani saqmis gamo, ufro dmitri fiodoroviCs rom exeboda, jer kidev moskovidan Camosvlamde daewyo mimowera. ra saqme iyo, amis Sesaxeb mkiTxveli ufro dawvrilebiT Tavis droze Seityobs. miuxedavad amisa, maSinac ki, roca am gansakuTrebuli garemoebis Sesaxeb ukve yvelaferi vicodiT, ivan fiodoroviCis pirovnebaca da misi CvenTan Camosvlac did gamocanad rCeboda. imasac davZen, rom ivan fiodoroviCi maSin Suamavlisa da Semrigeblis rols asrulebda mamasa da dmitri fiodoroviCs Soris, romelic imxanad seriozulad iyo dapirispirebuli fiodor pavloviCTan da formalurad sasamarTloSic ki hqonda saCivari Setanili. mTeli Tavisi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi am ojaxma, vimeoreb, pirvelad maSin moiyara erTad Tavi da misi zogierTi wevric aseve pirvelad Sexvda erTmaneTs. mxolod erTaderTi, umcrosi Svili, ukve weliwadze meti iyo CvenTan cxovrobda da amgvarad, ufros Zmebze adre Camovida. mec Cems winasityvaobismagvar moTxrobaSi, vidre romanis scenaze gamoviyvande, swored am aleqseize miWirs gansakuTrebiT laparaki, magram
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nawili meore wigni meoTxe gaafTreba I. mama Teraponte ................................................................................212 II. mamasTan ..............................................................................................224 III. moswavleebs gadaeyara ...........................................................229 IV xoxlakovebTan ...............................................................................234 . V gaafTreba sastumro oTaxSi ..................................................242 . VI. gaafTreba qoxSi ..........................................................................255 VII. sufTa haerze ................................................................................265 wigni mexuTe PRO da CONTRA I. SeTqmuleba ........................................................................................277 II. smerdiakovi gitariT ................................................................289 III. Zmebi erTmaneTs ecnobian .......................................................297 IV bunti ....................................................................................................308 . V didi inkvizitori ..........................................................................322 . VI. jer isev sruliad gaurkveveli..........................................348 VII. `Wkvian kacTan laparakic sainteresoa~ ......................360 wigni meeqvse rusi beri I. berTuxucesi zosime da misi stumrebi ..............................370 II. aRsrulebuli sqimmonazvnis, berTuxuces zosimes cxovreba. Cawerilia misi monaTxrobis mixedviT aleqsei fiodoroviC karamazovis mier biografiuli cnobebi a) beri zosimes Zmis Sesaxeb .........................................................375 b) wminda werili mama zosimes cxovrebaSi .........................379 g) berTuxuces zosimes bavSvobisa da siymawvilis gaxseneba, jer kidev eriskacobis droindeli orTabrZola ................................387 d) idumali stumari..........................................................................395 III. nawyvetebi berTuxuces zosimes 431

saubrebidan da swavlebidan e) cota ram rusi berisa da misi SesaZlo mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb ...................................................410 v) cota ram batonebsa da msaxurebze da kidev imaze, SesaZlebelia Tu ara batonebisa da msaxurebis sulieri Zmoba .....................................................413 z) locvis, siyvarulisa da sxva samyaroebTan kavSiris Sesaxeb ........................................418 T) SeiZleba Tu ara Sens msgavsTa msajuli iyo? bolomde rwmenis Sesaxeb ..............................................................422 i) jojoxeTisa da jojoxeTis cecxlis Sesaxeb. mistikuri msjeloba........................................................................424

432

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wigni 2 jek londoni martin ideni

wigni 3 SoTa rusTaveli vefxistyaosani

wigni 4 aleqsandre diuma sami muSketeri or tomad

wigni 5 uiliam Seqspiri hamleti

wigni 6 Jiul verni 80 000 kilometri wyalqveS

wigni 7 mixail bulgakovi ostati da margarita

wigni 8 oskar uaildi dorian greis portreti

wigni 9 Carlz dikensi devid koperfildi

wigni 10 erix maria remarki triumfaluri TaRi

wigni 11 frederik begbederi 99 franki

wigni 12 edgar po moTxrobebi

wigni 13 homerosi odisea

wigni 14 main ridi uTavo mxedari

wigni 15 Tomas mani budenbrokebi or tomad

wigni 16 mark tveni tom soieris Tavgadasavali

wigni 17 konstantine gamsaxurdia didostatis marjvena

wigni 18 migel de servantesi don kixoti or tomad

wigni 19 o henri moTxrobebi

wigni 20 Stefan cvaigi mariam stiuarti

wigni 21 mario piuzo naTlia

wigni 22 gustav floberi madam bovari

wigni 23 jorj orueli 1984

wigni 24 stendali wiTeli da Savi

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