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Sherlock Holmes Characterization in A Study in Scarlet Novel: a Psychological Approach ABSTRACT: A persons personality influences others judgements to value that person. Psychological aspect is one tool to see the human personality. Literature deals with personality and psychological aspect of the character created by the author. Sherlock Holmes is an eccentric character in A Study in Scarlet, the first series of detective story which introduced him. The characterization of Holmes that has been attributed by the creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle is very strong. There are two points this article attempts to discover. The first is because the influence of Holmes eccentric personality makes him a distinguish character that would be prominent among others and it becomes one of the factors making him an icon in the detective story. The Second is through the characterization known with his eccentricity and intelligence; Holmes imaginary character could be an example to see the acceptance of the society towards eccentric person. Using psychological approach, it is an attempt to have comprehended understanding and pinpoint the structure of eccentric personality which affects Sherlock Holmes interaction with other characters in A Study in Scarlet novel. It also reveals that the id concept of psychoanalysis plays major role in his personality which makes him as a distinguish person.

Keywords: Sherlock Holmes, eccentric personality, A Study in Scarlet, a detective icon, psychological approach. Introduction This paper is going to analyze the eccentricity of Sherlock Holmes character in A Study in Scarlet and how Holmes with his eccentric character and inquiry methods could bring him to celebrate fame as an icon in the detective story. A Study in Scarlet is the first novel wrote by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle appearing Sherlock Holmes who meets and befriends with John H. Watson, a retired army doctor who records the cases handled by Holmes then. The murder of Enoch J. Drabber and Joseph Strangerson, two Mormon from United States of America that murdered in London by Jefferson Hope, their archenemy became the first case recorded by Watson. His unique character will be examined by using the narratology, psychoanalytical theory, and theory of motivation. There are three points which will be highlighted in this study. First, it is important to analyze the character of Sherlock Holmes using the narratology by Gerard Genette to see the construction of Sherlock Holmes personality through John Watsons point of view. Then, the psychoanalytical theory by Sigmund Freud is used to understand Sherlock Holmes personality deeper by employing the concepts of the id, the ego, and the superego to see how these subconscious agents form his eccentric personality. Finally, using Abraham Maslows theory of motivation, I want to inquire what make Sherlock Holmes different among the other characters in this novel and why his eccentricity appeals attractive to people.

Using these three different theories, I argue that what makes Sherlock Holmes become a detective icon is his distinguish personality and his power to deduce problems before his eyes using deduction based on science. This novel is told by the first-person point of view, Dr. Watson who then becomes Holmes flatmate and they turn out to be a happy pairing in solving mysteries. Dr. Watsons point of view makes the readers assume the same thing toward Holmes. In a way, he admires Holmes personality and genius mind that leads the readers to admire him too. Dr. Watson represents the readers who seek for story which triggers curiosity and ended with satisfying logical explanation. He is the observer of Holmes eccentric actions and methods. The narratology, psychoanalytical theory, and theory of motivation could help to show how Holmes could get his fame and crowned as an icon in detective story. This analysis about Holmes fame is similar to the article by Micheal Saler (2003). Nevertheless, Saler used mass culture and modernity approach. He stated that Sherlock Holmes is the first character in modern time considered as being a real man not a fictitious one because the author used rational and secular tenets of modernity. McConnell (1987) correlated the fame of Holmes with social change and the revelations of science. Our paper talking about the same topic Sherlock Holmes but I use psychological approach to analyze Holmes famous eccentric character. Narratology, Psychoanalytical Theory, and Theory of Motivation Discussing a characters personality brings literary and psychological studies together in revealing its psychological aspects in literary research. The first theory to dissect the issue is narratology by Gerard Gennete. Ratna (2006) said that it is a study of narration, form and the narrating function. According to Luxemburg et al (1984 in Ratna), there are three features of narrative: a) the language usage which determines heterogeneity as the impact of the story-teller (primary source) and narrator (secondary teller), b) fictionalization vision, that is, how the world can be viewed in the story and, c) the construction of a fictional world, related to how the story is rearranged into a plot (Ratna, 2006: 241). Gennete in Ratna said that the analysis of narrative statement is an appropriate method for sociological approach; it helps to see a literary work as a culture which includes the author, readers, and social background of the work. This theory can be subjective if the aspects that are being analyzed just around the author. I want to emphasize the work of the narrator or the point of view, which determines the quality of object (the point of

view) concerning the plot, theme and world view. Hence, the role of Doctor Watsons point of view in this novel is significant because he is the one who transfers the authors thought to the readers in determining Holmes personality. Psychological approach is basically related to the three aspects: 1) author, 2) literary work and, 3) reader. This paper is using an objective approach to emphasize on the literary work instead of the author (expressive approach). Psychological approach is used in cases such as characterization and ideological inclination. The personality theory, according to Sigmund Freud, generally is divided into three components, namely, the id as the agent of primitive impulses which always seeks for contentment, the ego which always makes effort to fulfill ids wishes, but at the same time it adjusts societys rules to survive and, the super ego as the controller of the id in order to make someone fits in the society (Minderop, 2010: 20-21). Those three components could help reveal Holmes personality deeper to find answers of why he chooses to be a detective instead of a criminal mastermind or a common person who pursues a promising future. Saraswati (2005) applied Freuds theory to analyze the work of Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss, The Cat in the Hat (1957) and The Cat in Hat Comes Back (1985). She stated that each character in the story plays the role of the id (the cat), the ego (I and Sally), and the super ego (the mother) which determine the childrens personality growth and thought. Similar to her research, Freuds theory could answer which one of those subconscious agents influences Holmes personality that surpasses the others. Sherlock Holmes is merely a fictional case of someone who is viewed as weird, eccentric, obsessive, and I want to combine Watsons point of view and Freuds personality theory to understand how his eccentricity seen by others. Yet, this imaginary character could be the representative how people accept an eccentric person in the society. Abraham Maslow said that a human has five hierarchies of needs in his life. The first need is related to psychological needs, such as air, water, food and sex. The second is the need to feel secure. The third is the need of belongingness and love, including family and friends. The fourth is esteem, which a person needs to possess a certain status in society to feel confident. The fifth is the need of self-actualization, in which each individual makes a maximum use of his or her individual gifts and interests to become what one is capable of becoming (Hagerty, 1999: 1). The individual must fulfill the first need before going to the next stages of needs. Hagerty used

this theory to predict the Quality of Life (QOL) in countries over time. Maslows theory was used to measure the development of nations following the hierarchy theory to improve one sector before going to develop another one. He disapproved Maslows theory of hierarchy in mechanism of growth to develop one area in sequence. Similar to the previous research, there are some different needs of Holmes which do not fit to Maslows theory. For instance, his choice to become a detective puts himself in dangerous situations every time. This action is against the second need in the hierarchy. This paper is an attempt to answer one of the many questions related to personality, especially the eccentric one, vis-a-vis the social acceptance of a distinct individual. Methodology The reason why I chose A Study in Scarlet as my corpus in this research paper is because I have my own particular interest in discovering why Sherlock Holmes among other sleuths can be such an icon that represents curiosity. I saw the advertisement of a flavour flour brand named Mama Suka. The actress who played role as a mother use a hat and magnifier to represent an act of investigating why the fried chicken could be so delicious. The hat and magnifier drew my attention because those things symbolize the action of Sherlock Holmes. Audiences could imply that the mother is doing investigation as a detective wearing those outfits. This has triggered me doing my first research for Bahasa Indonesia Akademik (Indonesia for Academic purpose) but somehow I have not satisfied so I conduct the research about Holmes topic again. Looking at the background of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, however, he wrote so many stories about Holmes and I chose A Study in Scarlet because this is the first story that published the account of Holmes action as a detective. Sherlock Holmes is actually a character that was inspired by Doyles professor, Joseph Bell, when he was studying at the Edinburg Infirmary. Bell encouraged his students to recognise the patients by what Doyle wrote as Holmes deduction. For instance, using an accurate observation and rational deduction one can identify a patient from his left-handed cobbler and draw a conclusion of who he is and where he comes from. This motivated Doyle to choose for his hero a detective, which is unusual, if not unique, in English stories of the time, and endows him with the ability to deduce (Wordsword Classics, 1993: V).

The research is conducted using the qualitative method. The qualitative method uses interpretations to make a description. The quality of the description is determined by the facts interpreted by the subject (Ratna, 2006: 46). I gathered many articles from internet reliable sources and filtered the data that were suitable for my research. The first thing to do I think is determining the position of Watson because he exists in the story not only as an observer but also involve directly. In other words, it is the act of interpreting him to look upon a comprehensive understanding about Holmes behaviour. However, to analyze the text I use a psychological

approach to investigate Holmes eccentric character, for example, Holmes interest in things, as well as his motivation in involving himself into criminal investigations. Those are parts that will support the research in determining why he can become a well-known figure. Sherlock Holmes Characterization Sherlock Holmes is a character that was born in 1887 at the time when 28 years ago Charles Robert Darwin stated his theory of the natural selection process. McConnell (1976) said that it had shocked the comfortable Victorian anthropocentric world-view with a degree of sedate violence that can only be called seismic; aftershocks are still being felt. Doyle himself wrote that London was a city that nearing the extreme phase of century-long urban explosion because no one knew how to control or regulate it. In the 20-century life had become hard due to the population in London that created the three of the most distinctive feature which were suburbs, unemployment, and slums. In addition, there was a case of Jack the Ripper who had committed murder towards five prostitutes in Whitechapel, London, just a year after A Study in Scarlet was published. Because the uncertainty happened at that time the society found London was too large to be understood. It seemed like everything could be possible to happen if one lived in London. People who wanted to treat their curiosity were pleased when they could amuse themselves with logical deduction presenting by Holmes in explaining the criminal cases in the stories. So it seemed that Holmes appeared in an appropriate time when London was grasped by many crimes along with the smoggy setting of the town which made it quite suitable for any murder scenes and other type of crimes. A Study in Scarlet was not an immediate success but it caught on (McConnell, 1987: 173). However, the works of Doyle could be accepted by the audience because Doyle met the desire of readers who wanted to read a piece of work that attracted their curiosity with no longer section to

read. A Study in Scarlet, for example, was written in about 110 pages as a novel not like other novels such as Moby Dick by Herman Melville (1851) which exceeds more than 300 pages. Moreover, Doyle wrote the following short stories of Sherlock Holmes cases that published in Strand Magazine so Holmes could become familiar to people who at least had ever read the magazine. Although people had never read A study in Scarlet as the first meeting of the two famous pair, they could possibly enjoy the short stories at any point. Moreover, people could pick up and read Doyles works of Sherlock Holmes because it was designed as simply as a pocket book. It is not because Sherlock Holmes attempt to find the culprit of bizarre and mysteriously motivated series of London murder that made it so brilliant. But it because of the construction is clumsy and Doyles prose style passable late Victorian (McConnell, 2007:173). Doyle wrote the story as a keeping journal of Dr. Watson compelling factual narratives. In the novel Dr. Watson wrote an account of his adventurous life with his new comrade by presenting the factsthe logic facts that can be accepted by the readers as the explanation of the cases. Doyle used science reasoning artfully combining the empiricism and apparent objectivity of the realists with the imaginative fabulations of the early nineteenth-century romantic (Saler, 2003: 611). His style by using third point of view from Dr. Watson somehow has been successfully creating a mysterious aspect of Homes personality which created a myth of private detective that still retains its fascination even until now. Holmes character has influenced stronger over posterity than other works that held out contemporaries such as George Elliot and James Henry. Saler (2003) wrote his statement why Holmes could reach such wide readership:
The Holmes stories quickly garnered a wide readership among an increasingly literate population. Doyle's own talents as an author, and Holmes's distinctiveness as a character, were of course central to the popularity of the series. Several commentators stressed how lifelike Holmes was in comparison with the detectives of Edgar Allan Poe and Emile Gaboriau, or of Doyle's contemporary imitators. Doyle also maximized the size of his avid audience by writing the continuing adventures of his character as self-contained short stories rather than serial chapters, enabling new readers to become involved with Holmes at any point in the run of stories, and established readers to become eager anticipators of his next adventures.

I believe that every character in the story possesses different identity to make it distinguish with others. However, there are many renowned characters that have similarity such as the character of princesses as Cinderella, Snow White, and Sleeping Beauty. They are well-

known characters because the same similarity as a beautiful kind-hearted girl, oppressed, loved and accepted by people around. However, a distinguish person also has a place in peoples heart because she/he is different from the rest and it draws people attention toward her/him. The main attractive point of Holmes is the characterization of Holmes himself. He is Arrogant, omniscient, and self-absorbed, obsessive, love the truth. He comes through not only with wonderful clarity but also, surprisingly enough, as an extremely sympathetic character. He was a person that could explain everything well (Symons, Seidman, and Greene: 2009). Although the author does not put Holmes as a hero who is kind-hearted or a guy fighting for justice he is really such a person that has a high sympathy towards people. He shows it towards Jefferson Hope, the culprit in this novel, by listening his revenge story for murders he done. Doyle was influenced by Poes character that introduced C. Auguste Dupin, the first great detective of fiction. Dupin is abrupt, contemptuous of the police and more like a reasoning machine than a human being (Symons, Seidman, and Greene: 2009). Somehow Holmes and Dupin share the similarity such as they are the same in characterization as a reasoning machine. Holmes also has influenced many other characters in detective story such as Hercule Poirot by Agatha Christie who also has his unique perfectionist personality. Most of all his point of differences is his deduction thinking and his behaviour. His deduction arouses astonishment not only for the characters that he is examining in this novel but also it gets the readers attention to think how could be one can deduce people by just only looking at the clothes or the characteristic of person figure. It is interesting because he observes everyone before his eyes with his well-trained mind and eyes. This is an excerpt when the first time meeting of Holmes and Watson:
Dr. Watson, Mr. Sherlock Holmes, said Stamford, introducing us. How are you? he said cordially, gripping my hand with a strength for which I should hardly have given him credit. You have been in Afghanistan, I perceive. How on earth did you know that? I asked in astonishment.

When in Dr. Watsons mind was eager of curiosity how this new fellow in front of him knew that he was in Afghanistan it also triggers readers attention to Holmes distinguish faculty of identifying people. And for real Doyle presents the explanation as a science of deduction not a weird or supernatural reason. It is why Holmes can be accepted by readers. He was a man of

science who was reliable to the modern world. On the other hand, although we find Holmes as a great man in his field but his behavior shows that he is also an ordinary person who could get bored and lazy at one time. Yet, the way he spends his leisure time is quite different and eccentric that a normal person would not do. When he felt bored, he would shot in VR shape with his gun over the wall. That was quite peculiar and interesting character of someone. As ever been discussed above that A Study in Scarlet novel is based on Dr. Watson point of view, it presents the subjective judgement which leads the readers to accept Holmes at least as the way Watson thinks about him. Watson is a person who could accept Holmes personality and he appeals to Watson as an attractive man who has eccentric character. He is the person who tends to think that Holmes is interesting rather than judges him as a weird, reasoning machine, peculiar as the way Stamfordone character in this novel, friend of both Holmes and Dr. Watson--thinks about Holmes. Besides intensifying the eccentric and distinguish behaviour of Holmes this point of view also helps to build the story so the suspense of the mystery would not disappear because Dr. Watson just only could guess according to his mind process and in the end the readers would find something really different and arouse astonishment when they read the explanation from Holmes mouth that appears to be simple. Yet, it is amazing to hear. Dr. Watson is portrayed as a common person at least a quite normal person than Holmes itself who has the same interest in mysterious crime as once before he was involving in British army and familiar with violence. Although the readers range in far and wide backgrounds, humans has the same nature they have the curiosity to know some peculiar events that happen in life and wish to know the reasons all behind them. So it is Dr. Watson representing the readers thirst to be fulfilled in knowing what the logic explanation behind the case is, because somewhat Watson as he presents in his writing just got the fraction of the story. And Holmes as man who grasps all the clues of criminal tracks could provide a perfect explanation. As Watson grows his judgment about Holmes along with his admiration towards him, it leads the readers to act the same. Doyle with his brilliant supporting characterDr. Watsonmakes Sherlock Holmes as an admirable person of his own. In spite of his eccentric personality as a man, Dr. Watson and the readers find Holmes as an extraordinary and interesting man. Now I want to make other comparison how if it were Stamford point of view that Doyle chose to stick out. It is an excerpt of Stamford conversation with Watson:

Looking for lodgings, I answered. Trying to solve the problem as to whether it is possible to get comfortable rooms at a reasonable price. Thats a strange thing, remarked my companion; you are the second man to-day that has used that expression to me. And who was the first? I asked. A fellow who is working at the chemical laboratory up at the hospital. He was bemoaning himself this morning because he could not get someone to go halves with him in some nice rooms which he had found, and which were too much for his purse. By Jove! I cried; if he really wants someone to share the rooms and the expense, I am the very man for him. I should prefer having a partner to being alone. Young Stamford looked rather strangely at me over his wineglass. You dont know Sherlock Holmes yet, he said; perhaps you would not care for him as a constant companion. Why, what is there against him? Oh, I didnt say there was anything against him. He is a little queer in his ideasan enthusiast in some branches of science. As far as I know he is a decent fellow enough. A medical student, I suppose? said I. NoI have no idea what he intends to go in for. I believe he is well up in anatomy, and he is a first-class chemist; but, as far as I know, he has never taken out any systematic medical classes. His studies are very desultory and eccentric, but he has amassed a lot of out-of-the-way knowledge which would astonish his professors. Did you never ask him what he was going in for? I asked. No; he is not a man that it is easy to draw out, though he can be communicative enough when the fancy seizes him. I should like to meet him, I said. If I am to lodge with anyone, I should prefer a man of studious and quiet habits. I am not strong enough yet to stand much noise or excitement. I had enough of both in Afghanistan to last me for the remainder of my natural existence. How could I meet this friend of yours?

At the first impression which we could get from this conversation we could see how Stamford thinks about Holmes. We could draw that Watson and Stamford have the same image and agree that Holmes is an eccentric man but unlike Watson who finds him an interesting fellow. On the other hand, Stamford defines Holmes eccentric personality inimically. Although he mentioned Holmes as a decent fellow, he thinks that Holmes is queer in ideas that bit different from common people. We could imply from Stamfords opinion that Holmes is not a man who could easily accepted or fit in milieu. If Doyle used Stamford point of view, Holmes would not celebrate acceptance from the readers. Later Sherlock Holmes would not be a famous character of detective story so Watson point of view is quite essential to build up Holmes image for its readers beyond that for the world who know him as a great detective. Talking about Sherlock Holmes we must also mention Watson and so the other way around because they are united either by the stories or by the relationship between them. Holmes could get along with people that are engaged in his field of works such as detective inspector Lestrade, Inspector Gregson and of course his clients. Yet, it is just matter of jobs and in fact the closest attachment of Holmes is his friendship with Watson. It is clear that

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Holmes has such complicated personality when it comes to form emotional bound with others. Despite the fact that the author matches them, it is also because the personality of Dr. Watson that perfectly suits Holmes character. Watson is a friendly person and he is an obedient fellow too. A flat mate that shares the same interest who sees Holmes not just as a detective but also a friend, he sees Holmes as his source of inspiration to write his cases into fiction which later makes Holmes more well-known as a detective who owns his office and could solves many cases in 221 B Baker Street. They are a model of perfect combination.

Looking Upon Holmes by Psychological Approach

With Holmes natural character as Arrogant, omniscient, and self-absorbed person, a humble person characterization like Dr. Watson is fine with him because in real life Holmes type of person could hardly get along with others. From psychological approach Sherlock Holmes characterization is quite interesting to observe because not many people in real life could stand with such high opinion about himself. On the other hand, Holmes is a self conscious man about his faculty and very confidence about it. So how does his behaviour form his distinguish character among other characters in A Study in Scarlet? And how can readers accept this type of hero as an icon of a detective story. Besides, Holmes in this novel is representing how the society acceptance towards an eccentric personality. Sigmund Freud is a man who invents the psychoanalytical approach to reveal and understand human behaviour. He stated than human behaviour is influenced by the unconscious mind rather than the conscious mind. According to Freud, behaviour is the result of the conflict and reconciliation of impulses and drives (Minderop, 2010:20). It is certain that Sherlock Holmes characterization is quite unique as a case of psychoanalytic, although he is just a merely character created by Doyle. Further Freud explained the division of psychics in human by deriving the id, the ego, and the super ego as the agents which influence the behaviour of a person that leads to form his/her character. In this case, it is Holmes eccentric character. The id placed in unconscious mind plays the role as impulses to human nature that cares only to accomplish his contentment. It is like a basic foundation of one to do something that he desires utmost. Holmes id is crime. Fond of doing chemical experiment and revealing unique cases like

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murder are the realization of his id. He could do the chemical experiment which could help him discover things related to the criminal world. It is the same as when he is investigating cases in his hand. He devotes his life for the sake of serving his enjoyment to the criminal world. On the other words, Holmes life is just for filling his contentment which makes him selfish, arrogant, and self-absorbed person. A very unique and difficult case is a mark of challenge for his intelligence. This excerpt shows his contentment:
There are no crimes and no criminals in these days, he said, querulously. What is the use of having brains in our profession? I know well that I have it in me to make my name famous. No man lives or has ever lived who has brought the same amount of study and of natural talent to the detection of crime which I have done. And what is the result? There is no crime to detect, or, at most, some bungling villainy with a motive so transparent that even a Scotland Yard official can see through it.

This type of man would be very pleased to be praised by people and so it is Holmes. Watson is a man who could appreciates Holmes in such manner of compliment. Even though, the unrevealed cases are the best prize to satisfy his id. As for Inspector Lestrade and Inspector Gregson could not see the natural mind of him so their relation is just limited to job matters unlike Dr. Watson who could serves the spoiled brat inside his intelligence mind and eccentric character. Holmes is doing his jobs not merely of money orientation or popularity but for the sake of his own passion in solving mysterious events. He loves the truth and unravels problems amusing him. The jobs trigger his brain to think and it is a main requirement and becomes a reason for him to undergo his chosen profession as a detective. As for the ego, the bridge between the id and the super ego, guides Holmes as a servant of his id and yet it adjusts with the norm of the society. He becomes a consulting detective. A job that he said was invented by himself in this world. He loves the crime and willingly involving himself in the case even though he is not paid off. Although his mind likes the crime, his super ego steers him to be the side of the justice not the one who creates it such as his archenemy Professor Moriarty, a criminal mastermind (see in The Final Problem). The choice becomes a consulting detective makes him free to move and judges by his own consideration in handling the cases and the culprits unlike the detective policemen who have to follow the orders. He is the one who wants to act as he will. This is why Holmes is viewed as eccentric by other characters because he would do anything that could satisfy his id even though others find him as queer person as might be Stamfords opinion. These queer things are his possession of knowledge (he limited it just to the knowledge that he really thought

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appropriate for his job, he even did not know the Solar System and told Watson if he knew it he would delete rubbish data on his brain), his enthusiasm towards crimes (average people would prefer to avoid himself from crime matters), his methods (considered being weird when he was doing investigation), his idle time (spending the time just sitting and not talking for days and using cocaine for stimulating brain work) and his profession as a consulting detective though he could achieve anything for his great intelligence.

Self-Actualization as a Basic Need There are plenty of human needs that one wishes to fulfil to make an intact life. We could consider Doyles act of writing detective story was because he needed self-actualization regardless his main profession before as a doctor. He found himself prefer to write stories than practicing his skill as a doctor because after five years writing about Sherlock Holmes he abandoned his practice. But then he switched his interest toward spiritualism and even believed in superstition tales such as the existence of fairies in this world. There is an interesting fact about Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Watson, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Many readers took Dr. Watsons stories as not merely amusing stories, but they did believe of Holmes existence from his early appearance (Saler, 2003:609). Saler wrote that after the second story published in 1890 there was a man who really wrote to Doyle asking the copy of the monograph in which Holmes described the difference of 140 types of different tobacco. It was very surprised him. Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson treated as if they were had ever really exist. There are many examples how his fandom show their desire to believe that those of two were real men. For example, by creating a mystery novel The Case of Baker Street Irregulars wrote by Anthony Boucher (1940) inscribed a note of realism into fictional proceedings: the dedication read 'All characters portrayed or referred to in this novel are fictitious, with the exception of Sherlock Holmes, to whom this book is dedicated (Saler, 2003: 601). There is another very good example of anime produced by Toho co., Ltd in 2002 titled The Phantom of Baker Street which presented old time London. And the setting of story is about Holmes era of his practicing skill as a detective. This film treated as if Holmes and Watson had been really life in London dealing with

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the Jack the Ripper case. For those who just watch this famous anime Movie version of Detective Conan from Japan without ever reading Doyles works would really believe that the fact of famous criminal case of Jack the Ripper had ever been handled by Holmes and Watson. Moreover, people who believe Holmes existence was real would decline the existence of his creator, Doyle. Holmes is the first character on modern literature treated like this. For example there was a scholarly biographies of both Holmes and Watson reviewed about their life. Doyle himself was surprised how realistic people took these imaginary characters into reality. Saler (2003) noted that G. K. Chesterton, an English Writer observed, 'The real inference [of these works] is that Sherlock Holmes really existed and that Conan Doyle never existed. If posterity only reads these latter books it will certainly suppose them to be serious. It will imagine that Sherlock Holmes was a real man. This achievement of imaginary character to be known widely is a form of Holmes selfactualization as a person even though he is just merely imaginative. The style of Doyle writing and the great role of supporting character, Watson, could not be denied as the factors of this achievement. From psychological investigation about personality, Holmes is a complicated one. Abraham Maslow stated that human has the stages in filling up their needs. Somehow Holmes does not really seem to fit his statement. The first need is related to psychological needs, such as air, water, food and sex. Of course, Holmes fits this stage with the exception of sexual desire that he switches to the need of his brain work. The second is the need to feel secure. This stage is violated by him because working as a consulting detective more or less put him in dangerous situations. The third is the need of belongingness and love, including family and friends. Although Holmes rejoices his friendship with Watson but he was fine being alone before he met a writer who then recorded his cases. The fourth is esteem, which a person needs to possess a certain status in society to feel confident. The fifth is the need of self-actualization, in which each individual makes a maximum use of his or her individual gifts and interests to become what one is capable of becoming (Hagerty, 1999: 1). The self-esteem and the need of self-actualization take larger portion in his structural personality. The great confident comes from his intelligence and acquired knowledge. The form of self-actualization is not the popularity gained when he could reveal the truth but it is placed in his own satisfaction to know that he could know the truth when others beyond the reach (in this novel Detective Inspector Lestrade and Gregson failed to

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achieve it). This is why Holmes becomes distinguish from others. His predilection of crime and challenge reflects Holmes personality that seen as eccentric by people. However, it amuses the readers. They would like to see that Holmes with his great intelligence and such eccentric personality is a real. He is a very best model of a distinguish person in literature. Doyle created a reasoning machine who complied with his unconscious state of mind. Yet, due to being different, queer, and eccentric, the readers like him because he is a person who has devoted his life to pursue the truth behind the crimes. In real life this type of man would be accepted by the society because he is brilliant although he is not a man who could mingle easily with others. The fact is that the eccentric but intelligence guy would always be admired because of what he is capable of doing and contribute towards the society around him. In other words, in spite of his eccentric personality and weird behaviour in peoples eyes, Sherlock Holmes has used his best intelligence to help others in solving problems with his power of deduction. Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character that was produced in 1887, but until now people still recognizes him, and they would soon associate Dr. Watson and 221 B Baker Street with him. Because of his fame, there are many films produced concerning Holmes and Watson adventure in solving crimes. Sherlock is BBC new sleuth version of Holmes for 21st century which launched in 2010. In addition, the latest is Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadow, the second sequel of Hollywood films industry launched in 2011. It is proof that even after more than a century Doyle created Holmes, his adventure has still fascinated people. They are proofs that Holmes always accepted by the society.

Conclusion This essay attempts to highlight the eccentric personality and how people see it by presenting Holmes personality as an example. By using narratology and psychological approach, Holmes personality is examined which leads to the discovery of his eccentricity combined with his great intelligence as the source of appeal. Because his distinguish personality and his intelligence to deduce facts, Sherlock Holmes becomes the favourite detective which makes people amazed by

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his faculty. In addition, related to the social acceptance of eccentric personality Holmes represents that regardless his eccentricity the society could accept him as long as he could contribute and play positive role. This article only deals with interpretation of Holmes personality in A Study in Scarlet and could be extended by the development of other series stories wrote by Doyle. References Doyle, Sir A. C. 1995. A Study in Scarlet. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Edition Limited Hagerty, R. M. (1999). Testing Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: National Quality-of-Life across Tim: Social Indicators Research, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Mar., 1999), pp. 249-271. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27522372 .Accessed: 19/10/2011 00:42 McBride, J. and Wilmington. (1971). Review[untitled]: Film Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 3, 45-48. University of California. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1210092. Accessed on September, 29th 2011 01:36 McConnell, F. D. (1987). Sherlock Holmes: Detecting order amid disorder; The Wilson Quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 172-183. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40257858. Accessed: 29/09/2011 01:36 Minderop, A. (2010). Psikologi Sastra: Karya Sastra, Metode, Teori, dan Contoh Kasus. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia Ratna, K.N. 2006. Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Saler, M. (2003). Clap If You Believe in Sherlock Holmes': Mass Culture and the ReEnchantment of Modernity, The Historical Journal, Vol. 46, No. 3 pp. 599-622. Cambridge University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3133564. Accessed: 08/10/2011 04:28 Saraswati, A. (2005). Analisis Penokohan The Cat in the Hat & The Cat in the Hat Comes Back Karya Dr. Seuss Kajian Struktural Greimas & Psikoanalisa Freud. Depok: Universitas Indonesia

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Symons, Julian, Seidman, Michael, and Greene, Douglas G. "Detective Story." Microsoft Encarta 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008. "G. K. Chesterton." Microsoft Encarta 2009 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2008.