0114

Boundary Layer equation
Similarity solution
Falkner Skan Transformation
Thermal Boundary layers
Summary
Similarity solution of the Boundary layer
equation
V. Ganesh
Department of Aerospace Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
17 December 2007
VI Indo-German Winter Academy 2007
IIT Guwahati
Ganesh V Similarity soln - BL eqn
Similarity solution
Summary
Outline
1
Boundary Layer
Order of Magnitude analysis
2
Similarity solution
Scaling
3
Boundary conditions
Method of solution
4
Thermal Boundary layer equation
Similarity solution
Summary
Boundary Layer
O(mag) analysis
Outline
1
Boundary Layer
2
Similarity solution
Scaling
3
Boundary conditions
Method of solution
4
Similarity solution
Summary
Boundary Layer
O(mag) analysis
Boundary Layer
Classical problem : Flow past a at
plate at zero angle of attack
Prandtls hypothesis
Characteristic length scales
x, x L
y, y
u V
Figure: A typical boundary layer

Similarity solution
Summary
Boundary Layer
O(mag) analysis
Outline
1
Boundary Layer
2
Similarity solution
Scaling
3
Boundary conditions
Method of solution
4
Similarity solution
Summary
Boundary Layer
O(mag) analysis
Continuity equation - Incompressible ow
u
x
+
v
y
= 0 =v
V
L
U momentum equation
u
u
x
+ v
u
y
+
1
P
x
=
_
2
u
x
2
+

2
u
y
2
_
u
u
x

V
2
L
v
u
y

V
2
L
1
P
x
?
2
u
x
2

1
Re
3/2
V
2
2
u
y
2

V
2
Similarity solution
Summary
Boundary Layer
O(mag) analysis
Order of Magnitude analysis (contd.)
Is
V
2

V
2
L
?
If
V
2

V
2
L
Euler equation
If
V
2

V
2
L
Hele Shaw ow
In the B.L, we have
V
2

V
2
L
=

L
Re
Similarity solution
Summary
Boundary Layer
O(mag) analysis
Hence the u-mom equation reduces to
u
u
x
+ v
u
y
+
1
P
x
=
2
u
y
2
v-mom equation
u
v
x
+ v
v
y
+
1
P
y
=
_
2
v
x
2
+

2
v
y
2
_
Compared to the u-mom equation, all the terms are small.
Like
V
2
L
2
,
V
2
L
2
etc.
Similarity solution
Summary
Boundary Layer
O(mag) analysis
What v-mom equation tells us is
P
y
= 0 in the B.L
External pressure imposed on the surface.
Analogy with ant crawling on a surface
In the external ow eld (inviscid, potential ow)
P
e
+
1
2
v
2
e
= const =
1
dP
e
dx
= U
e
dU
e
dx
B.L responds to external ow through the imposed
pressure
Similarity solution
Summary
Scaling
Outline
1
Boundary Layer
2
Similarity solution
Scaling
3
Boundary conditions
Method of solution
4
Similarity solution
Summary
Scaling
Scaling
The velocity proles U(x
1
) and U(x
2
) differ only by a
scale factor
U
Obvious scale factor for u

New co-ordinate Dimensionless scale factor g(x)
u = u(U
, , x, y) 5 variables in 2 dimensions
Dimensional analysis dimensionless quantity in 3
variables
Similarity solution
Summary
Scaling
Scaling
1
) and U(x
2
) differ only by a scale
factor
U

u = u(U
variables
Similarity solution
Summary
Scaling
Scaling
1
) and U(x
2
factor
U

u = u(U
variables
Similarity solution
Summary
Scaling
Scaling
1
) and U(x
2
factor
U

u = u(U
variables
Similarity solution
Summary
Scaling
Scaling (contd.)
Need to retain y as it is. Variable to be scaled. Cant use u
as well.
Hence
u
U
= F
_
y
_
= F
_
_
y
_
x
U
_
_
=
_
x
U
=
y
_
x
U

Similarity solution
Summary
Scaling
Scaling (contd.)
Getting the stream function
=
_
udy =
_
U
F()
_
x
U
d =
_
U
x
_
F()d
=
_
U
xf () + C
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
Falkner Skan Transfomation
u =

y
=

y
= u
e
f
v =
x
=
f
2x
u
e
y
f
y
2
du
e
dx

1
2
_
u
e
x
f
U mom equation becomes (an ODE !!)
du
e
dx
(f
2
1)
ff
2
_
u
e
x
+
du
e
dx
_
=
u
e
x
f
This equation gets greatly simplied if

du
e
dx
= m
u
e
x
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
u =

y
=

y
= u
e
f
v =
x
=
f
2x
u
e
y
f
y
2
du
e
dx

1
2
_
u
e
x
f
du
e
dx
(f
2
1)
ff
2
_
u
e
x
+
du
e
dx
_
=
u
e
x
f

du
e
dx
= m
u
e
x
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
u =

y
=

y
= u
e
f
v =
x
=
f
2x
u
e
y
f
y
2
du
e
dx

1
2
_
u
e
x
f
du
e
dx
(f
2
1)
ff
2
_
u
e
x
+
du
e
dx
_
=
u
e
x
f

du
e
dx
= m
u
e
x
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
Falkner Skan Transformation (contd.)
du
e
dx
= m
u
e
x
Actual ows ?
u
e
= Ax
m
Flow past a wedge of
included angle
Figure: Wedge ow
conguration
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
Blasius and Hiemenz ow
Case m = 0 Blasius ow
2f
+ ff
= 0
Case m = Stagnation point ow (Hiemenz ow)
f
+ ff
f
2
+ 1 = 0
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
Outline
1
Boundary Layer
2
Similarity solution
Scaling
3
Boundary conditions
Method of solution
4
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
Boundary conditions
No slip wall u = 0 and Rigid wall v = 0 @ y = 0
=f
() = 0 = f () @ = 0
Integration with Free Stream velocity @ y = , u = U
=@ = , f
() = 1
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
Boundary conditions
No slip wall u = 0 and Rigid wall v = 0 @ y = 0
=f
() = 0 = f () @ = 0
Integration with Free Stream velocity @ y = , u = U
=@ = , f
() = 1
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
Outline
1
Boundary Layer
2
Similarity solution
Scaling
3
Boundary conditions
Method of solution
4
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
Series solution
f () = A
0
+ A
1
+
A
2
2!

2
+
A
3
3!

3
+ +
A
4
4!

4
+ . . .
Resembles Frobenius method of solution
Local solution - Series expanded about = 0
= 0 Region of interest C
f

Skin friction coefcient
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
Numerical solution
Lets take Blasius eqn 2f
+ ff
= 0 Rewrite as
f
= G
G
= H
H
=
1
2
f H
Want an initial value problem. f (0) = G(0) = 0
H(0) not known Use SHOOTING technique
Approximate = @ = 10
Similarity solution
Summary
BCs
solution
Velocity prole - Blasius ow
Figure: Velocity prole for Blasius ow
GRAPH TO BE INCLUDED
Similarity solution
Summary
TBL eqn
Outline
1
Boundary Layer
2
Similarity solution
Scaling
3
Boundary conditions
Method of solution
4
Similarity solution
Summary
TBL eqn
Similarity solution general technique. Other problems as
well.
Velocity Boundary layer - Convective Vs Viscous
momentum transport
Thermal Boundary layer - Convective Vs Conductive heat
transfer
Similarity solution
Summary
TBL eqn
Thermal Boundary layer equation (contd.)
The 2D Steady state energy equation without pressure
work and viscous dissipation
u
u
x
+ v
u
y
= k
_
2
T
x
2
+

2
T
y
2
_
=
x f ()
=
T T
w
T
T
w
=
y
_
x
U
Order of mag analysis

2
T/x
2
can be neglected
Similarity solution
Summary
TBL eqn
Transformation
T
w
= constant - Simplifying assumption
x
=

x
=
_
1
2x
_
U
e
x
y +
1
2
u
U
e
x
dU
e
dx
_
y
=

y
=
_
_
U
e
x
_

2
y
2
=
U
e
x


Similarity solution
Summary
TBL eqn
Transformation
T
w
= constant - Simplifying assumption
u
e
x
Pr
+
f
2
_
u
e
x
+
du
e
dx
_
= 0
Choose
du
e
dx
= m
u
e
x
+
Pr
2
(m + 1)f
= 0
Similarity solution
Summary
TBL eqn
Solution
f Known from previous problem
Let
= G Becomes rst order ODE

G
+
(m + 1)Pr
2
f G = 0
Choose
I.F = exp
__

0
m + 1
2
Pr f d
_
We get
= C
1
exp
_
_

0
m + 1
2
Pr f d
_
Integrate again and apply B.Cs
Similarity solution
Summary
TBL eqn
Final solution
=
_
0
exp
_
0
m+1
2
Pr f d
_
d
_
0
exp
_
0
m+1
2
Pr f d
_
d
Similarity solution
Summary
Summary
Self-similar solutions to PDEs can be obtained.
Appropriate scaling of co-ordinates.
Convert PDEs to ODEs
Similarity solution
Summary
Summary
Similarity solution
Summary
Summary

0114

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

0114

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Boundary Layer equation

Figure: A typical boundary layer

Obvious scale factor for u

Obvious scale factor for u

Obvious scale factor for u

Obvious scale factor for u

Ganesh V Similarity soln - BL eqn

This equation gets greatly simplied if

This equation gets greatly simplied if

This equation gets greatly simplied if

Order of mag analysis

Ganesh V Similarity soln - BL eqn

= G Becomes rst order ODE

You might also like