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I / Nu tng v nh gi tng
Nc gii kht ln men l mt loi thc ung c t rt lu, cc nc ng u c bit l Nga nc qu ln men t to c t rt lu i ( cch y 1000 nm ). Khi cng ngh pht trin n cng ph bin a dng hn v cht lng v chng loi. Nhu cu c thng thc cc loi sn phm nc ln men khc cng tng. Vit Nam l nc c kh hu nhit i nng v kh nn nhu cu v nc gii kht rt ln. V ngun nguyn liu sn xut nc gii kht tri cy Vit Nam v cng phong ph v a dng, hon ton c th p ng v ngun nguyn liu sn xut c n nh lu di. Vit Nam l mt nc nhit i c nn nng nghip pht trin, hoa qu phong ph vi sn lng di do. Nhng qu ch c theo ma, li d dp nt nn rt kh bo qun dn n gi thnh cao gy nhiu bt li cho ngi trng v ngi tiu th . Mt khc trong nhng nm gn y, nhu cu v ung c cn nc ta ngy mt tng cao. gii quyt vn u ra cho mt s mt hng nng sn cng nh p ng nhu cu a dng ho sn phm ung trn th trng th nh hng u tin trong quy hoch tng th pht trin ngnh Ru- Bia- Nc gii kht Vit Nam n nm 2010 ca Th Tng Chnh ph ban hnh ngy 06/02/2002 l u tin nghin c u pht trin sn phm ung t ngun nguyn liu sn c Vit Nam Sn phm nc qu ln men cn thp l mt sn phm mi c gi tr dinh dng cao ng thi c li cho sc kho. Sn phm ny hin nay ang l mt lo i ung gii kht rt c a chung trn th trng th gii, c bit l cc nc Anh, Php, M. Ngi tiu dng yu thch sn phm ny khng ch bi v gi tr dinh d ng ca n m cn bi v y l mt loi ung gi r, thch hp i vi mi la tui c bit l ph n v tr em. Hm lng cn khng cao trong sn phm to nn s kch thch tiu ho, khin ba n tr nn ngon ming m khng gy say nh mt s sn phm ung c cn khc. Sri l mt loi tri nh, v mng d dp, d h nn phn ln n, phn cn li sn xut nc p sri v ru vang. Hin nay trn th gii ni chung v Vi t
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gip tng khng vi cc bnh truyn nhim, nga bnh kh da vo ma ng ( do trong nc qu ln men c kh nhiu khong v vitamin B, C )
- Nc gii kht ln men t tri sri nu dng hng ngy s gip n ngon, lc gan
v ngn nga ung th ( do trong sri c kh dy cc cht dinh dng nh protein, glucid, khong ( Ca, P, Fe ) v vitamin ( B, C ), trong hm l ng vitamin C rt cao n l cht chng oxy ha rt tt ).
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Cc tnh cht cm quan ca sn phm nc gii kht sri ln men cn phi t c cc tiu chun v mt cm quan sau:
V mu sc: mu vng cam c trng cho sn phm V mi: mi ru rt nh thong mi thm sri, hon ton ha hp, c trng cho
sn phm
V v: v chua, ngt nh, hi gas nh, ha hp, m du, hu tt, V trng thi: cht lng trong sut khng vn c v khng c vt th l.
Bao b : chai thy tinh np thic hoc bao b tetrapak. m bo cc yu cu v bao b theo quy nh : tn cng ty, thi hn s dng, thnh phn nguyn liu, khi lng tnh.. iu kin bo qun : bo qun ni thong mt nhit thng, khi m np th nn bo qun lnh. Thi hn s dng sn phm d kin : ???? Cch phn phi v bn l ti tay ngi tiu dng :
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Ra sch, nghin, p
X l enzym
Nm men
Lc
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c v chua ngt thch hp cho th hiu ngi tiu dng. c tiu th trong ni a, sri chua thch hp lm sn phm nc p hay xut khu sang cc nc nh Singapore, Hng Cng di dng ng lnh qu ti.
Ging sri ngt ( sri Binh Ph ) cho tri nhn hn v v bng p hn sri chua.
Sri ngot cho nng sut cao hn sri chua, ch yu cung cp cho th tr ng ni a ( khng dng xut khu ) v sn xut ru vang qu
c/ c im sinh l: Sri l loi cy n tri a nin, c th sng t 30 40 nm, a nng, chu hn, pht trin tt trn t ct. Qu khi chn chuyn t mu xanh sang mu ti, c khi vng, tht qu mu vng nht, ht trng ng. L loi qu mng nc c v ngt, cha nhiu nc ( 80% ), hm lng vitamin C rt cao ( chim ti 4% ) v nhiu cht dinh dng khc. Cy sri cho hoa tri quanh nm. iu kin kh hu min Nam v nht l ng bng sng Cu Long, mi thng cho mt la hoa tri. Nhit thch hp cy pht trin l 24 280C. d/ Thnh phn ha hc ca tri sri Thnh phn ha hc ca tri sri chn gm:hm lng Bng: thnh phn ha hc ca tri sri Thanh phan hoa hoc -Nc -ng +Glucose +Fructose -o Brix cua dch qua -Pectin -Axit citric -Protein tho -Chat beo -Khoang +Canxi +Photpho hm lng % 87,50 2,22 3,21 5,67-7,00 0,56-0,65 1,03 0,9 0,45 24
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- Nc chim 80 90% trng lng qu. Hm lng nc trong tri sri tng i cao nn gy kh khn trong qu trnh bo qun v nc chnh l mi trng thun li vi sinh vt hot ng. trng lng qu t 3,8 5,5g. phn n c khong 80% trng lng qu ti.
- C th ni sri l loi qu giu glucid nht trong cc loi tri cy mu . Hm
lng glucid trong sri ngot tng i cao hn sri chua. Hm lng glucid trong tri sri chua chim 15% ch yu l glucose ( 2,22% ), fructose ( 3,21% ), saccharose v dextrose. Ngoi ra cn c ( 0,56 0,65% ) pectin v ( 0,61,2% ) cellulose - Protein chim t 0,51,8% - Lipid : hm lng khng ng k - Hm lng tro cha trong nguyn tri 0,15g v trong phn tht l 0,49g - Acid hu c chim khong 11,5% ch yu l acid malic, acid citric, acid tartric. - Vitamin: tri sri cha nhiu loi vitamin, nhiu nht l vitamin C, vitamin A v mt lng nh mi loi vitamin nhm B. Cc vitamin nhm B tuy chim mt lng rt nh nhng hm lng rt cn i. Tri xanh c lng vitamin C cao gp 2 ln tri chn Mt ly nc p sri 180ml c th cha mt lng vitamin bng vi 14 lt nc cam p. Ch cn n khong 125g sri l cung cp cho c th 2030% lng vitamin C, 25% lng vitamin A, 15% lng vitamin B9 v acid folic. Bng :thnh phn vitamin v khong cht trong 100g sri Thnh phn Vitamin C -caroten Vitamin A Ca Zn P
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cho qu, c nhiu ht. Do trong qu trnh sn xut nn b ht tr c kho nghin ch. Tuy lng hn hp polyphenol trong tri sri thp nhng hot ca enzym oxy ha ( nh polyphenol oxydase ) mnh nn cc hp cht ny b oxy ha mnh trong qu trnh ch bin v trong sut qu trnh tng tr. Qu trnh ny to ra hp cht mu lm cho sn phm sri b bin mu ( mu cam thnh nu ). Ngoi ra trong sri cn c mt lng rt nh limonene, 2/ Nm men: Tc nhn chnh ca qu trnh ln men ru l nm men. Nm men ng vai tr quyt nh trong sn xut nc gii kht ln men tri cy v qu trnh trao i cht ca t bo nm men l qu trnh chuyn ha nguyn liu thnh sn phm. qu trnh chuyn ha ny gn lin vi s tham gia ca h enzym trong t bo nm men. C6H12O6 C2H2OH + H2O
Trong sn xut nc gii kht ln men ni chung, ngi ta s dng c nm men chm v nm men ni. Trong qu trnh ln men, cc ging nm men thng kt lng theo hai dng: dng bng v dng bi. nm men chm c chia ra lm hai loi ty thuc vo kh nng lng ca n l nm men bi v nm men kt bng. Nm men bi l nm men phn ly min trong dch ln men v l ng t t khi kt thc ln men chnh. Nm men kt bng l loi nm men c th kt dnh vi nhau trong thi gian ngn khi kt thc ln men chnh v to thnh khi kt bng ln nn lng nhanh xung y thit b. Cn nm men ni khng c kh nng ny. Trong t bo nm men hu nh cha tt c cc cht cn cho s sng nh: protein, glucid, lipid, cc enzym, cc vitamin, acid amin, cc khong cht. v mt
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Thnh phn sinh khi ca nm men Thnh phn Cacbon Nit Cc nguyn t v c Hydro Oxy 4550% 710% 510% 57% 2530%
Nm men s dng trong sn xut nc qu ln men c cn thp l chng nm men Saccharomyces c ng knh 510m. Khng nn s dng cc ging trong sn xut ru ethylic v ging ny c kh nng ln men mnh, khng ph hp vi nhu cu ca loi nu ny. Cc loi c quan tm tronh sn xut nc qu ln men c cn thp l Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces minor, Saccharomyces carbergensis. 3 / ng : C rt nhiu loi ng c cht lng t thp n cao v c phn loi: Phn loi theo tiu chun: ng RE (ng tinh luyn ho hng): Hm lng ng tinh khit chim 99.86%. ng RS (ng tinh luyn tiu chun): Hm lng ng chim 99.6% dng ch bin sn phm c mu. ng trng ng th ng mt Phn loi theo kch c ht:
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Ch tiu cm quan theo TCVN 1695-87 v ng tinh luyn. Loi ch tiu Tn ch tiu Hnh dng Cm quan Yu cu Dng tinh th, tng i ng th, ti, kh, khng vn cc. Tinh th cng nh dung dch ng trong nc ct c v ngt, khng c mi l. Trng ng nh, trong sut
Mi v Mu sc
Hm lng ng kh cao s lm tng p sut thm thu v lm mt cn bng trng thi sinh l ca nm men. Mc khc ng nhiu s dn n tn tht hoc ko di thi gian ln men. Nu hm lng ng thp s lm gim hiu sut len men, khng to c cn mong mun trong nc qu ln men Trong nc qu thng c hm lng ng khng iu do ngi ta th ng b sung thm ng saccharose. Thng thng, cc loi nm men hot ng bnh thng trong mi trng c hm lng ng 1618% khi lng.
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Lm sch
Nghin, p
B, ht
Saccharos, NaHCO3
Nhn ging
Ln men
Lc
Chai
ng chai
Thanh trng
Sn phm 12
b/ thuyt minh quy trnh: Qu trnh chn nguyn liu: y l khu u tin ca quy trnh c nh hng n ch t l ng d ch ln men. chn ca qu c nh hng n cht lng sn phm sau ny. Trong cng ngh ln men, yu cu cc loi qu ni chung v qu s ri ni ring phi t chn k thut: mm nhng khng thi c hng v c trng. Nu dng qu qu gi cha tht s chn th mng t bo s cng, hm lng ng t, hm lng acid cao khng ph hp vi yu cu trong cng ngh ln men. Khi chn la, trnh nhung qu dp nt ( do qu trnh thu hi v vn chuy n ), v khi dp nt, nhiu thnh phn cc cht trong qu s b bin i v tr thnh mi trng thun li cho vi sinh vt xm nhp pht trin gy tc ng xu n qu trnh ln men. Lm sch: Ra qu lm gim t l nhim bn v nhim khun dch qu. Khi qu c ra sch, t l nhim khun khong 0,12%. Qu trnh ra cng l khu quan trng trong quy trnh cng ngh. Vic r a phi tin hnh nhanh chng, nh nhng trnh lm dp qu, ng thi nc ra s ngm vo dch qu l cho cc cht trong qa tht thot ra bn ngoi nn cht l ng dch qu gim. do vy sau khi ra phi ro nc v em ch bin ngay. Nghin, p: Qu sau khi ra sch, cho vo trong my p tch b, ht ra khi dch qu, trnh lm nt ht khng nh hng ti dch ln men. Sunphit ha dch ln men: Sunphit ha dch qu trc khi ln men l mt bin php cng ngh ph bin hn ch v tiu dit vi sinh vt c hi, c p dng trong cng ngh ln men r u vang qu v nc gii khat ln men trn th gii. kh SO 2 t t lu hunh hoc SO2 gii phng t cc loi mui sunphit, bisunphit hay metabisunphit ca natri hay kali c s vo dch qu vi nng khc nhau. Kh SO2 l mt loi ha cht c kh nng st
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Sau khi ln men, tin hnh ln men phuj bng cch bo qun trong t lnh ( di 100C ) Loc :
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Ch tieu
Tong so vi sinh vat hieu kh, so khuan lac trong 1ml san pham
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Tong so nam men, nam moc va khuan lac trong 1ml san pham
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Ch tiu l ha: cn ng kh Vitamin C Acid ton phn ( tnh theo acid citric ) Nng cht ha tan Tiu chun cm quan: 5% V 13.84g/100ml 2.77mg/100ml 1.61% 13%
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Mui
Thm ac trng cua nguyen lieu va san pham len men, khong co mui la
Trang thai Khong van uc nh gi cm quan bng phng php cho im Tn ch im cha c tiu trng lng 5 4 3 trong v mu sc 2 1 0 5 mi 4 3 Yu cu Cht lng trong sut khng vn c v vt th l nh. Mu vng cam c trng cho sn phm Cht longt trong sut khng vn c, c t vt th l nh. Mu vng cam c trng cho sn phm Cht lng trong, c tng i nhiu vt th l nh, mu hi khc 1 t so vi mu c trng ca sn phm. Cht lng hi c, c kh nhiu vt th l, nh, th, mu khc nhiu so vi mu c trng ca sn phm. Cht lng c nhiu lng cn, c nhiu vt th l, th, mu khng c trng cho sn phm. Vn c mu bn, sn phm b hng. Mi ru rt nhe, thong mi thm sri, ha ta ha hp c trng cho sn phm Cha ha ta ha hp, mi thm hi kh nhn thy Hi nng, thong mi, t c trng cho sn phm
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V / Sale :
Mc d c cnh bo v s nguy hi kh lng ca hng ha khng r ngun gc xut x, c bit l hng thc phm, nhng hin ti, nhiu ngi vn l a chn nhng mt hng ny s dng ch v chng p ng c mc ch p mt, ngon ming l mt trong nhng l do dn n tnh trng mt hng nc gii kht khng t cht lng vn c by bn cng khai vi lng tiu th kh mnh. Vi cng thc ch bin c o v tin li , m bo hp v sinh theo ng tiu chun VSATTP. Mc tiu trong giai an u l nhm n nhng khch hng l gii tr v ph n v sau l n vi nhng khch hng tim nng khc nh nhng nc khc trn th gii khng ch ring Vit Nam. Sn phm c, kim nh trc khi a ra th trng nhng vn gi nguyn ng hng v, thm ngon, b dng, cht lng Qung co Thit lp mt bui qung co mt s ni, nhm gii thiu v qung b sn phm ca cng ty n ngi tiu dng bng cch: Mi khch hng dng th sn phm cng ty, nhm gii thiu sn phm ca cng Ly kin s cm nhn ca ngi tiu dng v cht lng sn phm, k c ty mt s a im nh trm xng, bn xe, siu th, ch mu m bao b v gi c.
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tiu dng, ngi tiu dng hiu r hn li ch v s khc bit khi dng sn phm ca chng ta Cng ty cn pht t ri, c tng km sn phm dng th trc ca cc siu th, ch, trng i hc, Cao ng, cc qun n gii thiu v sn phm mi. Thng lng vi mt s i l bn th sn phm 1 tun ban u c th khng thu tin. To logo v sn phm t cc ca tim. Thu sinh vin hay mt s nhn vin i tip th sn phm.Mua mt sn phm c tng km mt sn phm hoc c tng km mn qu lu nim. In logo cng ty, biu tng ring ca sn phm ln thn sn phm. Khuyn mi gii thiu sn phm mi ln u c mt trn th trng cng ty chng ti s bn sn phm ca mnh vi gi dng th. Cng ty s bn sn phm vi gi th trng cho cc ca hng, siu th l ????? Chng ti cn nh km cc mn qu tng i chung theo sn phm c hnh logo v thng hiu sn phm: nhng ci ly, tch , mung....Vo nhng ngy l ln s tng qu cho cc i l bn l v ngi tiu dng sn phm ca chng ti: lch, bao l x nhng cu chc v nhng mn qu i km xinh xn Qung co v gii thiu sn phm ca cng ty ti cc qun nc, cc i l bn l v cc siu th nh, trn ti vi, bo Pht trin dch v Truyn b hnh nh ca cng ty trn cc trang web, pht t ri gii thiu v cng ty. Thng qua qung co trn cc trang web v t ri, cho khch hng thy c s khc bit khi la chn sn phm ca cng ty : Sn phm cng ty s ch trng n cht lng v an ton thc phm. S ng k c quyn v b quyt cng ngh ch bin sn phm.Vi tiu ch phc v khch hng: sn phm ngon, b, t cht lng. Cht lng hn c s mong i ca khch hng, c bit l gi hp dn ph hp. Bao b sn phm
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