DRILLING RIG SELECTION GUIDELINES

DRILLING RIGS- General RIGS-

Selection of Land drilling rig should be based on planed depth and well construction in the long term drilling activities. and More important is to decide area of activity. Nort Africa, Middle east and partlly Caspian region: Majority of drilling contracts (activities) are related with region: drilling wells depth range 3000 to 4500m (dominantlly deeper then 3900m). then Caspian region: Still have great activities at depth range up to 3600m. This fact determine drilling rig type selection. If rig is planed to work depth range up to 3600m then is prefferable to select mobile, telescopic drilling rig rated up to 1000 HP.

Drilling rig name is dictated bu name of Drawworks.

Rig depth rating is determined by: 1. Draworks capacity 2. Mast capacity 3. Crown block and travelling block capacity 4. Drilling line size and pulling force Some drawworks producer with number part of draworks name denotes year of constructing, other most of them gives denotes rated capacity of draworks.

DRILLING RIGS- General RIGSIf compare stationaru and mobile drilling rig we can notice following advantage- disadvantages: following advantageSTATIONARY DRILLING RIGS Advantage: Stands in the tripple faster tripping Porefull equipment drawwork over 1000 HP, mud pumps over 1000 HP Uses 5 DP at greater depth less pressure losses. Havy casing string run deeper Hook loads over 200 t Diesel electric drive. Flexible range of RPM and SPM Substructure higher and drilling floor greater area. DP length upper limit for range Better Contractors References. Disadvantage: Greater investmens at start More days for moving More truck loads Longer rigging up Large surface of well site More personnel more experienced and specialist Havy drilling and handling equipment More investment for spare part stock MOBILE DRILLING RIGS Advantage: Smaller investment at start Faster moving Less truck loads Less area for well site Smaller waste pit Less number of drilling crew Less sparet parts stock

Disadvantage: Stands in the double- slow triping When drill deeper with 4 DP or less, greater pressure drops. Restricted running depth of intermediate casing if well construction is complex due overpressure and lost circulation zones. Mostly mechanical rigs high noise level. Mud pump SPM restricted due drive diesel engine. Required 3 liner size Restricted height bellow rotary table for BOP stack Less surface of drilling floor safety DP length restricted on bottom length limit.

DRILLING RIGS- General RIGS-

DRAWORKS RATED POWER HP (kW) 150 (110) 200 (147) 250 (184) 300 (220) 500 (368) 700 (515) 1000 (735) 1500 (1100) 2000 (1470) 3000 (2200) 4000 (2940) 5000 (3728)

HOOK LOAD CAPACITY (tons) CONVENTIONAL RIGS MOBILE RIGS 60 75 80 90-100 90125 180 220 360 500 750 1000 1500 180 220

MOBILE DRILLING RIG

DRAWWORKS

DRAWWORKS

Basic configuration of Drawworks is:

MAIN DRUM:
Main drum of drawworks (Fig. 1) is intended to create enough force in the single line by wounding or re-wounding force redrilling line while RIH , POOH or during drilling to slowlly release weight on bit. Single line pull force depends on release drawworks input power and drilling line size. Diameter and length of drum are in the direct relation with mast height length drilling line size and number of lines (determines hook load capacity). Usually drum is grooved for selected drilling line size for beter wounding extending usable life of drilling line. Brake rims are designed for band brake or for disc brake. Brake rims surface depends of drawworks rated capacity. Other components design depends on the type of capacity. rih (conventional or mobile) and drive (diesel mechanic or diesel electiric). diesel

DRAWWORKS

Cat head: Cat head is mechanical device for Making-up or Breaking-out thread connection during connecting or MakingBreakingtriping. Pulling force created by cat head in the combination of length of roetary tongs lever, should be of enought for creating necessary torque when connecting. Whenactivate at drilers panel cathead Whenactivate driler control switch, friction plates at cat head matches and transfer force to pulling line. Make-up cat head is located at LH side of drawworks, break-out cat head on RH side. MakebreakMost popular are cat heads: FOSTER , KelCo Model 12 (for DP 4 shallow wells) and Model 16 for deep drilling. American Model 55

DRAWWORKS

Make-up & Break-out hydraulic cylinders: MakeBreakWith mobile drilling rig catheads are problem when moving and during operating. Mobile rig is too during wide for transport and to avoid disassembling and during rigging up again instaling cat head today in yse are hydraulic cylinder with pulling force 10t. They are installed on the mast verticallyat height 3-6m over drill floor, and pulling line is run down at 3height appr. 1m over floor, pasing between 2 set of rolles changing direction of line for 900 and changing connecting to rotary tongs. HYDRAULIC BRAKE Each diesel mechanic drilling and workover rig is equiped with hydrailic brake. Most popular Model are hydrailic produced by company PARMAC. At drilling rigs when triping heavy drilling strings weightening over 20 t it is very dificult that driller using band brake safely hold that load. Another reason is to avoid overheating brake pads. avoid They are producting in the sizes to meet every need for drilling to depths well up to 10000m and for allsize of workover rigs. In the next table is given range of sizes and maximum recommended sizes operating speeds.

DRAWWORKS
Size
111-300 111112-500 11215DR 121 122 201 22SR 202 22DR V-80 SSR28 262 341 341A 342 342A 46SR 60SR 451 481 V200 V295

Max.press. psi
25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

Max.speed RPM
2300 2300 2300 2300 2300 1550 1550 1550 1550 1550 900 850 600 600 600 600 500 375 500 450 480 350

Capacity HP
300 500 1600 800 1600 1500 2500 3000 4000 5000 5500 6000 6000 6000 7500 7500 7000 8000 8500 9000 10000 12000

Breaking torque

DRAWWORKS

Bigger mobile drilling rigs and most convential drilling rigs produced today ate Diesel electric rig. produced Drawworks for this rigs have electric drive ba AC or DC motore, usualy two. And instead hydraulic motore, brake have Electromagnetic brake (Eddy current brake).
ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKE Model 7838

Max Breaking Torque: 117.000 lb-ft lbNominal drilling depth: 10000 ft No. Og magnet 2 No. Of coil: 4

Volrage: Input power: Cooling water:

250V DC 23 kW 150 Gall/min.

DRAWWORKS

Crownblock protecting device Is air operating device which have to prevent collision of the traveling block with the crown block. traveling When traveling block is within a preset distance from zthe crown block, it disengaged the clutch and simultaneously applies the brakes to the drawworks.

SAND DRUM

Sand drum on the drilling rigs is not obligatoru part od equipment. equipment. Sand drum at drilling rig is in the use when aftter finish drilling there is necessary to complete well for drilling production ( perforate casing, swabbing, runn tubing, etc.). Wire line is ussually 3/8 anr xdrum capacity is greater than deilling line capacita at main drum. 3/8 main

MOBILE DRILLING RIG

Mobile rigs Smaler drum size and older construction have brake flanges designed to accomodate band brake. High capacity mobile righ today are designed and to accomodate disc brake. Mobile drilling rigs, due small dimension, usually are diesel mechanic. Only higher rated capacity rigs can be diesel electric. Racking board to have three position. Raising mast upper section can be by wire rope (simple maintenance and low cost) or by hydraulic cylinder. Upper section locking device by dogs (4 pcs) or by dogs two pins. Usually have one stand pipe. Substructure to be telescopic. To have provision for rat and mouse hole. Racking boadr equiped with air operated winch 1 ton to assist derricman. Casing stabing board with air winch

DRILLING RIG MAST TELESCOPIC - Telescopic mast installed on the mobile rigs are critical with mast height. Declared mast height assume height from ground lavel to water table table (Bottom of crown block). Usable height is total mast height minus substructure height. Example: Example: Standard Mast height, m Substructure height, m Usable mast height, m 144ft (43,89m) 20 ft (6m) 124ft (37,89m) (37,89m) Mobile rig 118 ft (35.96m) 20 ft (6m) 98ft (29,87m)

Length required for CBS reaction Hook block length Swivel length with X-over and kelly spinner XUpper kelly cock length Kelly length Kelly saver sub Drill pipe length Length of DP over rotary table when connecting

2m 13 ft (3,90m) 12 1/2ft (3,81m) 2,6ft (0,8m) 41ft (12,5m) 4ft (1.20m) 31,5ft (9,6m) 3 ft (0,9m) 113.8ft (34,71m)

2m 10,5ft (3,27m) 12 1/2ft (3,81m) 2,6ft (0,8m) 9,5m 2,6ft (0,8m) 28,2ft (8,6m) 3 ft (0,9m) 93 ft (28,38m)

DRILLING RIG MAST

For rig capacity up to 200 ton crown block and traveling block have 5 sheaves each so operates with have 10 lines. If drilling shallow wells, for fater tripping it is posible to operate using 4 or 3 sheaves in the posible system. In the such case running drilling line over sheaves must be performed according API RP 9B Application, care and use of wire rope for Oilfield Service.

DRILLING RIG MAST Crown block

DRILLING RIG MAST Traveling block

DRILLING RIG SELECTION ROTARY TABLE

Rotary table should be at same lavel as drillig floor , both covered with anti sliding material. covered

DRILLING RIG SELECTION ROTARY TABLE Rotary table opening depens on casing design. Example: If drilling rig 200 tons hook capacity should drill up to 3900m that assume that it will need to drill 26 and Example: 3900m 26 to run casing 20 at depth 30 or 100m. To perform that task it is neccesary to have rotary table opening 27 . 20 have . For running casing 20 with elevator and casing slips it is good to have and Casing bowl inserts 20. 20 bowl 20 Rotary torque usually not specified, but it is allways greater than critical torque gor drill pipes. DRILL PIPE TORQUE than STRENGTH IS WEEAKEST POINT IN THE SYSTEM. For well dipeer than 3000m (or drill string havier than 115 ton), it should be allweys used Pin drive kelly bushing, pin ton), drive master bushing and SDU rotary slips.

PIN DRIVE BOWL INSERTS

API Insert bowl No. 1 2 3/8-8 5/8 No.2 9 5/8-10 No.3 11 -13 3/8

DRILLING RIG SELECTION ROTARY TABLE .

DRILLING RIG SELECTION POWER EQUIPMENT

Each rig must be equiped with 2 generator set appropirately rated so that one work 12 hours and rated second to be in the standba. Basicaly rig rated 200 tons have following power consumption:
60-110 Pcs. AC motors rated from 0,25 to 15 Kw that simultaniously works at average 604 Pcs AC motors rated 75 Kw each (2 Mud hopper, one desilter and one desander 4 Pcs AC motors rated 35 kW each (two mud pumps, 2 compressor) 35 kW Heating / Cooling 7 Pcs air conditioner at 3 kW each Rig lightening TOTAL: 90 kW 150 kW

21 kW 10 kW 306 kW

That means that best selection is 2 generators rated 320 kW Each as minimum and one auhiliary generator for moving rated 120 kW. Switch gear box (MCC) to be equiped with air conditioner. Plug in connection out door one to one. in Mud agitators and shale shaker start-stop switch close to consumer. startAll electrical instalation EXd protected.

COMPRESSOR One active and one standby compresor electricaly driven by 35kW motor AC. One air drayer One air reservoir 6m3

DRILLING RIG SELECTION MUD PUMPS

MUD PUMP Two mud pumps 1000 HP 6 x 10each independently driven with torque converter C300-65 10 C300 Two pre-charging centrifugal pumps 5x6 driven with AC motor 35-45 kW pre35 Pulsation dampener PD-55 5000 psi WP PD Suction dampener horizontal Pressure relief valve 1500-5000 psi , reset, flanged 1500 Vibration discharge hose 3 5000 psi Discharge manifold 4 5000 psi welded connections 4 Liner selection 2, max 3 sizes

DRILLING RIG SELECTION BOPs BOP

BOPs for drilling rig 200 ton should be 13 5/8 10000 psi rated as follows: BOP 5/8 Annular blowout preventer 13 5/8 5000 psi bottom flanged 5/8 Double ram blowout preventer 13 5/8 10000 psi WP, flanged, with two side outlets 4 5/8 4 10000psi flanged. Top cavity equiped with 4 DP rams, bottom cavity CSO- blind rams. CSO Auxilliary rams 9 5 /8 one pair and 6 5/8 or 7 casing rams. /8 5/8 7 Drilling spool 13 5/8 10000 psi with two side outlets 4 10000psi flanged. 5/8 4 Addapter spool 13 5/8 5000 psi x 13 5/8 10000 psi, studded. 5/8 5/8 Addapter spool 13 5/8 3000 psi x 13 5/8 10000 psi, studded. 5/8 5/8 Addapter spool 11 5000 psi x 13 5/8 10000 psi, studded. 11 5/8 Choke line 4 1/16 10K welded connection with one HRC 4 1/18 10K and one gate valve 4 1/16 1/18 1/16 10K flanged. Instead steel pipe 4 1/1610K it can be flexibile hose 4 1/1610K. 1/16 1/16 1/16 Kill line 2 1/16 10K welded connection with two gate valve 2 1/1610K flanged and one check 1/16 1/16 valve 2 1/16 10K. 1/16 Kill manifold (for Caspian region) with 3 gate valve 2 1/16 10K flanged. 1/16 Accumulator unit 160 gal minimum with appropirate triplex plunger pump driven by AC motor 15 kW, two air operated pumps , manifold with valves for closing anular, pipe rams, CSO rams, HRC valve; three pressure transducer for Annu8lar pressure, low oil level and manifold pressure, remote control panel with grafical illustration gauges for annular pressure, and air system annular pressure, air control hose, hypraulic pipe racks 1 connecting accumulator unit with BOPs. 1 BOP Cup tester for casing 9 5/8 36-42# and 43,5-53,5#; 7 29-38#, 13 3/8 72#. 5/8 3643,57 293/8 BOP testing unit air operated 15000 psi with recorder BOP Test stand

DRILLING RIG SELECTION Cup tester

CUP TESTER TYPE F Connection Load capacity, lb Size 2 3/8IF 3/8 270.000 4 5 5 3 IF IF 500.000 6 5/8 5/8 7 7 4 IF IF 800.000 9 5/8 5/8 9 5/8 5/8 13 3/9 3/9 13 3/8 3/8 20 20 Casing Weight, lb/ft All All All All 17-26 1729-38 2932,2-40 32,243,5-53,5 43,548-61 4861-72 6178,5-122,3 78,5Cup area Sq.inch 9.5 12.4 16.0 14,8 23,5 20,4 44,1 42,4 109,5 103,3 300,0

DRILLING RIG SELECTION BOP accessories

DRILLING SPOOL

Adapter spool- studded

BOP TEST UNIT

KILL LINE MANIFOLD

DRILLING RIG SELECTION MUD SYSTEM

MUD SYSTEM For 200 ton rig, based on well construction 13 3/8-200m; 9 5/8-1500m and 8 3900m 3/8 5/8 appropirate mud system total volume is 150m3 consisting of: Mud tank suction 40m3 equiped with 2 mud agitators 15HP each, mud guns Mud mixing tank 40m3 equiped with 2 mud agitators 15 HP each, mud guns Mud tank reserve mud 40m3 equiped with with 2 mud agitators 15 HP each, mud guns Mud threatment tank 40m3 with two chembers- suction and discharge compartment, 2 mud chembersagitators 15 HP each, mud guns. On top of tank installed desander, degaser and mud cleaner desander, (optionaly centrifuge for unweighted mud for use in Caspian region). Shaker tank 20 + 12m3 with sand trap and two linear motion shakers. Separator mud/gas for 20 Bar WP 600 dm3.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION MUD SYSTEM

ELLIPTICAL MOTION SHAKER SWACO

DE-SANDER 2 cone

MUD CLEANER

HORIZONTAL VACUUM DR-GASR

DRILLING RIG SELECTION MUD SYSTEM

CENTRIFUGE

MUD HOPPER

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

SEPARATOR MUD-GAS

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT ROTARY TONGS Reliable rotary tongs produce BJ, Folley, Blohm & Vos, Web Wilson and all parts are interchangable. Wilson For drilling rigs there is thre basic models: SXD-200; SDD, DB and B. SXDTONGS TYPE SDX-200 SDXSDD Torque ft- lb ft200.000 60.000 75.000 100.000 DB 40.000 65.000 B 30.000 40.000 55.000 Size range 8 - 16 16 16 - 17 16 17 12 15 12 15 4 12 12 11 17 17 3 11 13 3/8 3/8 9 11 3 9

Rotary tongs Type B (HT-55)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

ELEVATOR LINKS Nominal size of liks is measured on the body. They should be weldless. Usualy rig is equiped with weldless. two pairs of links. One pair is shorter and is intendent for normal drilling operations. Another pair is is longer (and can be and larher size) for use in the special situations (when cementing casing special string it is neccesary more space between hook and elevator to accomodate cementing head or during DST to accomodate testing head).

Rated 250 tons 2 x 60 60 2 x 72 72 2 x 84 84 2 x 108 108

Rated 350 tons 2 x 72 72 2 x 84 84 2 x 96 96 2 x 108 108 2 x 132 132

Rated 500 tons 3 x 132 132 3 x 144 144

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

ELEVATORS (Drill pipe, Drill collar and casing) Drill pipe elevator are side door elevators designed for shouler 900 or 180. Type G elevator center latch with taper 180 uses for Drill pipe ranging from 100 500 ton capacity and sizes 2 3/8 to 6 5/8OD. 3/8 5/8 Type X collar type side door elevators for handling Drill collar, Casing and Tubing ranging from 65 collar, to 500 ton capacity and size range 1,66 to 30OD. 1,66 30 Type A collar type side door elevators for handling Drill collar, Casing and Tubing in two basic collar, design: TA ranging from 35-150 ton capacity covering sizes 1,05 to 11 351,05 RA ranging from 125- 175 ton capacity covering sizes 2 3/8 to 7. 1253/8 7

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT As stated previously for drill string loads up to 115 tons can be used drill pipe slips Type DU having be length of gripping with insets of 12. For heavier strings it must be used SDU (or RD) type slips 12 gripping 16 length in the combination with pin drive system only. 16

ROTARY SLIPS SDU

DRILL COLLAR SLIPS Can be with standard inserts or with circular buttons. Bircular button inserts have better gripping with less possibility of slipping DC.

DRILL COLLAR SLIPS WITH CIRCULAR BUTTONS

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

Casing multysegment slips with circular buttons Covers casing sizes from 6 5/8 to 30 by changing numper of casing segments and 5/8 30 button size according manufacturers table.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

DEN-CON

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

DRILL PIPE AND DRILL COLLAR POWER TONGS Hydraulically powered tongs (TW-60 Varco)male up and break out drill pipe tool joints (TWand drill collars from 4 to 8 OD. Torque can be pre-set to the required value. 4 8 preRequired hydraulic fluid flow 114-133 lpm at 135 Bar. 114Size range 4 8 (102-203mm) (102Make up torque 63.000 ft-lbs (85.000 N-m) ftNBreak out torque 75.000 ft-lbs (101.000 N-m) ftN-

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

Hydraulic spinning wrebch Spinn drill pipe and drill collars from 2 7/8 to 9 OD with no adjustments necessary. 7/8 Size range Required hydraulic fluid flow Speed (5 DP) (5 Torque (5DP) (5 2 7/8 to 9 OD 7/8 110-170 lpm at 135 Bar 110100 rpm 900-1000 ft-lbs ( 1215-1350 N m) 900ft1215-

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

KELLY SPINNER Model 6600 (air operated ) and Model 6800 (hydraulically operated) can be used for operated) rotating drill pipe slowly for limited rat hole and mousehole drilling and for fast making drilling kelly connection. Unit can spin in and spin out. Difference between air and hydraulically operater kelly spiner is in the drive motor is and auxxiliary equipment (valves, hose, manifold and discharge lines) lines)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

RIG INSTRUMENTATION Rig instrumentation can operate peumatically-hydraulically or electrically. peumaticallyPneumatic- hydrasulic systems are cheap, long life, simple for installing, adjusting, Pneumaticmaintenance and needs small amount of spares. Electrical systems are expensive, installing, adjusting and maintenace must be performed performed by specialist, needs large quantities of expesive spares. Basic instrumentation systems conssit of: Weight indicator with weight sensor Pump pressure, two or three SPM, Pump stroke per minute RPM, rotary table rotational spped Rotary torque Tongs pull line force or torque Pit level indikator Flow meter T-Km, Drilling line work Recorder, drilling parameters

Instrument console Instrument BOX

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION-WEIGHT INDICATOR INSTRUMENTATION-

WEIGHT INDICATOR Most popular weight indicator systems is Martin Decker- Totco. Atlas instrument is copy of Martin DeckerDecker. Composition of one weight indicator system depends on: dead line anchor type, drilling line size, sensor type, indicator type Some Weight indicator systema are as follows: System AW6: AW6:

SYSTEM AWE6:

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM AWE6; AWE9 &AWE11

Martin Decker produces following Types of weight indicator: Weight indicator Type Slim hole Weight indicator Type Toolpusher Weight indicator Type Clipper Weight indicator Type Sealtite Weight indicator type FS uses with anchor type F FS Weight indicator Type D Weight indicator Type E Weight indicator Type EB EB Mobile drilling rigs , small and medium deepth rating, ussualy uses weight indicator Type D (for drilling line size 1; 1 1/8 and 1 ). 1 1/8 ). Each weight indicator is equiped with appropirate dials from one side 6 lines , reverse side 8 lines and bellow another dial with 8 lines and reverse side 12 lines, or bigger rigs have 8 and 10 lines another dial for 12 and 14 lines.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

Next figure shows one weight indicator Type D adjusted for 8 lines and second figure shows changing dials.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

Dead line anchor can be installed on the mast leg, drilling floor (drawworks level) or bellow drilling level) floor on the substructure. Basic types are: National anchor: Type D, E and EB Hercules anchor: 119; 120, 121; 129; 130T; 150T At mobile drilling rigs anchor is allways positioned in the front of drawworks. front For safer and easy slipping drilling line optionaly is available and drilling line tensioner at top of Anchor. By design anchor can be constructed for: Tension load cell (sensor E80)- drilling line in and out from sensor side, left figure E80) Compression load cell (E-543, E551 or 3 ) drilling linein from side oposite to cell and out from (Esensor side, middle figure, Diaphragm load cell (sensor E21) located on the drilling line1 to 3m over drilling floor, right figure to

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

ANCHOR TYPE D Anchor Type D is structurally rated for 60000 lb single line pull to accomodate drilling line 1 1/8 accomodate 1/8 and 1 buc can accomodate and 1 line. Line clamp is bronze inserts different for each line size 1 using 6 bolts 1 SAE 1020 steel for fastening. Drumm diameter is 24. 24 Anchor should be mounted so that dead line has a clear, unobstructed path to the crown block unobstructed Senzor Type E80 is installed on the in-out line side of anchor. Senzor has an F-53 check valve inFfor loading the system with W-15 fluid. WFactor affecting accuracy Accuracy of anchor Type D is 0,5%, but this can be affected by: Type D is calibrated with 1 1/8 line 1/8 With 1 line will read 0,5% low 1 With 1 line will read 0,5% high. Accuracy of anchor type E is calibrated with line 1 . . With 1 line will read 1% low. Often it is necessary to mount the anchor several feet below the gauhe. In this case all readings will be slightly low. One feet difference between the gauge and the senzor will cause the following weight indicator error:
No. Of lines Type D Type E 6 120 180 8 160 240 10 200 300 12 240 360

EXAMPLE: A Type D weight indicator with 8 lines, with senzor and anchor 10 ft below the gauge, below the indicator will read 1600 lb low at all readings.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

Greatest error may occur as a result of the friction of the tackle system and friction of the hole. tackle Hydraulic system is calibrated if gap between plates on the E80 or compession cells is 0,62 (16mm). 0,62 When, with hanged traveling block and kelly gap meassurement is 13mm it must be re-charged. re-

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

CHARGING SYSTEM WITH FLUID PROCEDURE: To check peoblems with accuracy, shake hose violently or work anchor with pinch bar between stops. anchor If pointers are sluggish (lazy) problem is in the indicator and may be solved by A through D below. If pointers react normally, the problem is in the anchor, senzor ot dead line and may be solved by E through J below. A) Damper should be open to allow fluid pasage. B) Pointers could possibly be touching each other, dial or glass. C) Remove glass and dials, clean the movement with kerosene or equivalent. equivalent. D) Purge system of air by pumping W-15 fluid through check valve F-53 on the senzor. Bleed air WFand excess fluid at the fitting at the base of the bourdon tube. Reassemble dials, glass and case ring. E) The dead line must have a clear unobstructed path to the crown and must not bind on the and anchor flange. Any obstruction will createcpoor response in the indicator. F) The dead sheave in the crown block must be lubricated frequently as in normal drilling this sheave must move freely to providesensitive readings. G) The anchor is, in effect, a lever that must be allowed to move freely on its bearing. Therefore, freely it should be lubricated frequently and kept free of dirt and ice. ice. H) The sensor must also be free of dirt and ice so that its movement is not restricted. The pins movement connecting the sensor to the anchor must occasionally be removed and cleaned of dirt and corrosion as they too must have some slight movement in order to have a sensitive instrument. I) The kelly, kelly bushing, misalignment of the rotary table and other mechanical conditions of other the rig equipment may cause poor accuracy in the weight indicating system. indicating

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION CHARGING SYSTEM WITH INSTRUMENT FLUID

-

Check fluid load frequently and always before taking a heavy pull. The gap A in the pull. sensor should be 5/8 ( 16mm) with block empty. 5/8 If gap is greater then this, it is possible that the system is overloaded to an extent overloaded that the pointer will reading a preload figure. As soon as you apply enought weight to apply overcome this preload the instrument will then read accuratelly.
When gap A is LESS than 5/8 (16mm) as it is possible to apply enought weight to the hook 5/8 that stroke of the sensor is used up and it bottoms out, metal to metal. In this case the to instrument will read correctly until it bottoms out and the pointer can then go no further. pointer Besides having the proper gap A, the system should be free of air, as air will compress under load causing the gap to reduce prematurely and the possibility of bottoming out may occur. of The gauge calibration should be checked periodically. This calibration is 816 psi for 3600 FOR calibration INSTRUMENTS D and E.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION SPM & RPM ELECTRIC TACHOMETER Rotary table electric and pump SPM tachometer consists of generator producing DC current 4-20 mA. generator 4Generator is mounted close torotating part of unit and trough V-Belt, depending on rotating speed Vproduce DC current from 4 to maximum 20 mA. Calibration can be performed by plastic screw positioned on the right bottom side of dial. Device is nor expensive, duranle and low cost of maintenance.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

PUMP STROKE INDICATOR- ELECTRONIC INDICATOR-

Pump stroke indicator gives SPM 1 , SPM 2 or for both pump together. Also it gives and cumulative SPM from together. begining of pumping. Sensor (contact closure) works so that when actuing rod deflect after each passing of piston rod intersect magnetic flux thet send weak electricity singnals ranging 4-20 mA to totalizer. 4For adjustment there are available folloving controls: Test button, Reset button, Pump select, Alarm set and Main button, power switch. Input is AC Power 230V 50Hz 20W and at sensor input id +15 VDC input Display 0 to 200 SPM Total strokes o-9999 Operating temperature -20 to +500C oOp

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

PUMP STROKE INDICATOR-NON CONTACTING PROXIMITY SENSOR INDICATORThis SPM or RPM system consists of following components: Interface box - Purged, non-purged or explosion proof. non- Two or three sensor capability - Analog voltage output (o to 10VDC) - Analog current output (0-16 mA, 4-20 mA, 0-4 mA or 1-5 mA) field programmable. (0401- Digital or cotact closure output. or closure Sensor
- There are thre types of proximity sensor

- First and third sensor at left figure require Barrier amplifier. amplifier. Barrier box purged enclosure with barrier amplifiers. Puls signal conditioner board- proces output signals from sensor boardDiscriminator board develops an analog voltage received from pulse signal conditioner and send this voltage to an analog display and E/P board.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED ROTARY TORQUE METER HYDRO-MECH Model FA-9 HYDRO- MECH FA

Simple hydraulically operated rotary torque meter- dimensionlles readout. Mounting close , as meterpossible, to the rotary table to avoid aditional torque in the transmition. transmition. Main parts are Frame, measuring wheel (Idler), hydraulic cylinder Hydraulic hose and Dial. cylinder External surfaces od rubber Idler should have appropirate profil to accomodate size of chain, profil single or double. Calibration of meter, with idler suporting low side of chain in the middle, is correct when while loading system with instrument fluid W-15 give read our of 350-400. W350-

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

ELECTRIC TORQUE SYSTEM This system measures voltage drop across a 50 micro ohms shunt placed in the series eith motor. placed Motor torque is proportional with motor current so voltage can be related to torque. be Electric torque system consists of: Isolation amplifier instaled close to shuntin the rotary power lineShunt normally have a rating of lineShunt 50 mV; 1000 A. Recorder can be separate or standard Recor-O-Graph 7 pen if use E/P transducer between RecorAmplifier and recorder.

Shunt

Power

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

TRU-TORQUE ROTARY RORQUE SYSTEM Model FA-18 TRUFAIs another hydraulicaly operated system for measuring rotary table torque. Consists of two table compression sensors instaled diagonally on the two rotary sides, hydraulic hose Dial indicator gauge sides, and hoses to recorder.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

EXAMPLE of calculations when selecting size of senzor.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

MUD PUMP PRESSURE GAGE Model GM6A System operates in the temperature range of -45 to + 650C. Accuracy of the system is 1,0%. System consists of Diaphragm gage protector, hydraulic hose , dampener and Gage (dial). dampener Diaphragm gage protector shoul always be installed vertivally (Left Figure) to anable purging (Left rubber cup when pumping stops. Hudraulic system loading with hydraulic fluid W-15 W Disassembly Diaphragm gage protector and place bottom up. Connect hand operated hydraulic pump. Do nor tight connecting nut. nut. Fill-up pump reservoir with instrument fluid W-15. During pumping minimum level should be FillWhalf of reservoir height. Slowly operate pump while on the connecting thread leagks clear fluid (without air bubbles). Tight connection and start pumping while monitor runner cup. When inside sides of cup When taches stop pumping. System is loaded with fluid under proper pressure. pressure.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

TONG LINE PULL & TORQUE INDICATOR SYSTEM H6B System uses when making-up Drill pipe, drill collar casing and tubing joints giving line pull readings makingpull in pound, kilograms or decanewtons that can be easy converted to ft-lb or kg-m by multiplying the ftkgline pull reading by the effective tong handle length.

When ussing model H29A for making-up casing it provides direct torque reading in ft-lb or kg-m. makingftkgAll line pull indicators consists of: Dial indicator and hydraulic cylindervwith connectinh high hydraulic pressure hose. Dial is equipped with a target pointer which can be set to a predetermined indication. predetermined Hydraulic cylinder can be installed on the jarkline or back-up line. backFor accurate indication the line must be 900 to the tong armat point of taking the reading and parallel to rig floor. The indicator do not need field or operational calibration. If the measured dimension A is equal to, or larher then the recharge dimension shown in the figure recharge system as follows: follows:

Remove all weight from the cylinder and ensure the hose is free of kinks and sharp bends. Remove the cap from the check valve on the indicator dampener on the gage, close the dampener. Attach hand pump YA2 with swivel to the check valve, and fill reservoir with W15 (red) instrument fluid. reservoir Loosen the pipe plug or blead screw on the cylinder body, pump fluid and blead at plug/screw until air fluid bubbles stop escaping. Tighten the plug or screw and pump fluid in the system to slightly overcharge and permit that piston be slightly fully drawn into the cylinder. Disengage hand pump from check valve. valve. Replace and tighten the check valve cap, adjust dampener if necessary. necessary.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

MUD FLOW SYSTEM Mud flow sensor monitor the mud flow level on the return line. Signal is transered to mud flow indicator and/or mud low recorder. Senzor is mounted ond the floe pipe Primary power supply 220V 50 Hz 35W Operating ambient temperature: -200C to +550C Sensor excition + 10,5 V DC Return flow sensing 0 to 100%

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

TRIP TANK AND MUD PIT VOLUME TOTALIZER It is warning device for total mud volume in the mud tanks and tripping monitor. tripping Both systems uses Probe (explosion proof transducer) for measuring mud level in the each tank, measuring indicator, remote warning system (lamp and/or horn) and optionally recorder. optionally

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

RATE OF PENETRATION METER
Rate of penetration meter measures bit penetratin speed. Two basic systems exist: basic Pneumatic ROP meter activated as the Record-O-Graph clucth is engaged by the driller. Sensitivity (recordoable RecordROP) is 0,3m. At traveling block is attached wire which , with lowering block, releases from reel located below lowering recorder trasfering feed signal to the pneumatic logic system wich in the turns drive pen mechanism to record wich primary (o.3m) and secondary (one meter marks) on the chart. Pneumatic wireless system, device which sense the drawworks drum shaft motion by chain or flexibile shaft, and sends pneumatic signals directly to the recorder.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

AUTOMATIC DRILLER Satellite Automatic Drilling Control System uses for maintaining the optimum weight on the bit. Operation is based on the relation between the WOB and the dead line tension. As dead line tension increases from the value preset in the controller, the Satellite pays out the drilling line by raising the brake lever to release the drum, and then stops drum rotation by lowering the brake lever when the preset WOB is reached. At Figure below is shown coplete system that cosisting of: that Deadline tension sensor Controller assembly Air motor Differential gear assembly Drum rotation sensor

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

RIG FLOOR RECORDER Drilling Rig Floor Recorder systems have in the three basic design. design. Hydryulic recorder with circular chart 2 or 3 pen. Available OB-19 and OB-24 recorders. Installed OBOBusually on the back side of weight indicator. Chart is for 24 hours recordin Hook Weight, pump hours pressure and optionaly rotary torque. Sevn pen recorder RECORD-O-GRAPG RG-7. Records 8, 12 or 24 hours drilling parameters : Hook RECORDRGweight, ROP, RPM, Rotary torque, Pump pressure, SPM 1 , SPM 2. Hydraulically, mechanicaly and Hydraulically, pneumatic operated. Simple for use and low maintenance costs. Rig floor recorder RF8 with air package. Consists of three major components: Air package, ROP sensor and Recorder assembly. Maintenance and repair should be done by trained personnel. done Uses flat view chart 12 or 24 hours. Pen drive is hydraulic (Weight, Pump pressure and Hydro view pressure Mech rotary torque or tong torque), pneumatic (ROP,RPM, SPM1,SPM2 SPM1,SPM2

DRILLING RIG SELECTION INSTRUMENTATION

TON MILE (T-Km) INDICATOR (TTon Kilometer counting system consists of Integrator unit receiving a distance (Km) input signal ftom receiving the transmitter, and tension input signal ( in tons) from the existing Sensor Load cell in the wire line existing anchor.

CALCULATING VALUE OF ONE LINE ON THE WEIGHT INDICATOR

A. Rig data: Weight of traveling block: 4600 Kg Weight of links 2 x 108 276 Kg 108 Weight of DP elevator GG 4 350t 324 Kg Weight of kelly 4 x 10,5m 788 Kg Weight of swivel 2100 Kg TOTAL WEIGHT OVER ROTARY RABLE, air 8088 Kg Drill pipes 4 x 16,6lb/ft E75 NC50 180 long 2000m Drill collar 6 x 2 x 143,2 Kg/m 200m length Mud Density 1,32 Kg/dm3 B. System accuracy- Weight indicator D and deadline anchor Type Hercules 129T with 10 lines, located accuracy18 feet below weight indicator. By using data from Catalog Martinn Decker TW570 Page 7 Tables 4-1 and Martinn 44-2,
Wire size 1 (25mm) Calibration Reading Error 0,8% Low 0,3% Low 0,2% High

Lines strung Error per foot

6 61 Kg

8 81 Kg

10 101 Kg

12 121 Kg

1 1/8 (29mm) 1/8 1 (32mm)

Weight indicator will read 101 kg x 10 lines = 1010 Kg low at all readings. To compensate for this low all readings, the total load pointer may be reset by the mechanic during initial rig up. during

CALCULATING VALUE OF ONE LINE ON THE WEIGHT INDICATOR

Factors for Mud Buoyancy Corrections:
Lb/gal. Lb/Cu.Ft. Specif. gravity FACTOR 8,34 62,4 1,00 0,873 9,0 67,3 1,08 0,863 10.0 74,8 1,20 0,847 11,0 82,3 1,32 0,832 12,0 89,8 1,44 0,817 13,0 97,2 1,56 0,802 14,0 104,7 1,68 0,786 15,0 112,2 1,80 0,771 16,0 119,7 1,92 0,755 17,0 127,2 2,04 0,741 18,0 134,6 2,16 0,724 19,0 142,1 2,28 0,710 20,0 149,6 2,40 0,694

CALCULATION: Drill pipe weight in the air 2000m x 26,78 kg/m Drill collars weight in air 200 m x 143,2 Kg/m = 53560 Kg

= 28640 Kg = 82200 Kg Bouoyancy correction factor for mud density 1,32 Kg/dm3 x 0,832 Bouoyant weight of string = 68390 Kg PLUS Weight of block, swivel, elevator and kelly = 8088 Kg COMPUTED TOTAL HOOK LOAD OF STRING IN MUD = 76478 Kg If read out on the weight indicator is 76 lines then value of one line is 1000 Kg, but if read out on the one weight indicator is 65 lines then one line value is: 76000 : 65 lines = 1170 Kg

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

APPENDIX: CASING JACKING SYSTEM When drilling dipper and intermediate casing have b to be run too deep only solution to do this with too existing, not enought rig is to use casing jacking system. At market have available with capaity 350, market 500, 750 and 1000 ton.

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

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DRILLING RIG SELECTION HANDLING EQUIPMENT

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