01B - ASST1 2011 Dasar2, Introduct

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A STRUCTURE ? Structure system consist of a series of connected parts. Example: Building Bridge Tower Dam
Parts or Elements of Structures

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1 Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-01a
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION STRUCTURES IN THE NATURE Struktur pada bangunan2 Teknik Sipil seringkali mengadopsi atau meniru sistim struktur dari alam. Misalnya: 1. Rangka tubuh manusia 2. Struktur pohon 3. Sarang laba-laba 4. Cangkang kerang
Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada
ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1
Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-01b
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION STRUCTURES IN THE NATURE
Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-01c
Parts or Elements of Structures
Beam (Balok) Slab (Plat lantai) Column (Kolom)
Foundation (Fondasi)
Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-02

FUNCTION OF STRUCTURE The basic function of any structure is to support loads and transmit them to the ground.
Structure
Building: The building structure supports the roof, floors, walls and their loads and transmit them through the foundation to the ground.
Foundation

FUNCTION OF STRUCTURE Bridge: The bridge structure supports a deck which allows the passage of pedestrians and vehicles, than transmit all of these loads (incl. self weight of the bridge) through piers, abutments and foundations to the ground.

FUNCTION OF STRUCTURE Other structures carry other types of loads: Dam Water Retaining Wall Earth

DESIGN PROCEDURE OF CIV. ENG. STRUCTURE General Process:
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
Data: geometri bangunan, beban, bahan dll.

Proses hitungan: analisis beban, analisis struktur, perancangan elemen

Gambar2, RKS/Spec., RAB


DESIGN PROCEDURE OF CIV.ENG. STRUCTURE
Pengumpulan Data: - Fungsi Bangunan - Ukuran/Geom. Struktur - Bahan Bangunan - Peraturan2 / Standard2 - Keadaan Tanah & Lingk. Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan Struktur
Gambar Detail Struktur
Ya!
Modelisasi: Struktur Riil Model Struktur
Tidak !
Analisis Beban; Perkiraan Dimensi Elemen2 Str
Kontrol Kapasitas & Tegangan pada Elemen2 Str.
Analisis Struktur
Perancangan Elemen2 Struktur

ROLE OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN THE DESIGN OF CIV. ENG. STRUCTURE Analisis Struktur bukan merupakan tahapan akhir dalam proses perancangan. Analisis Struktur merupakan `alat yang digunakan untuk mendukung proses perancangan. Analisis Struktur membantu perancang struktur dalam membuat keputusan2 penting dalam proses perancangan.

OBJECTIVES OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS To obtain effects of the loading supported by the structure: 1. Distribution of internal forces 2. Deformation of the structure
LOAD
Internal Forces = Deformation
REACTION
REACTION
ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1 Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-09

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS:
1. Strengh 2. Stiffness -----------------3. Durability 4. Economic 5. Aesthetic

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1 Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-10

STRUCTURAL FORMS The decision as to the form of a structure rests with the structural designer and is governed by: - the purpose for which the structure is required, - the materials that are to be used and - any aesthetic considerations that may apply. Structures, for construction and analysis purposes, are divided into a number of structural elements, although an element of one structure may, in another situation, form a complete structure in its own right.

STRUCTURAL FORMS ... in its own right. For example, a beam may support a foot-path across a stream, or... beam as a part of a large framework
beam Simple beam
Building frame

STRUCTURAL FORMS
Beam Beam

STRUCTURAL FORMS As spans increase, the use of beams to support bridge decks becomes uneconomical. For moderately large spans, trusses may be used. Trusses carry loads by developing axial forces in their members, and their depth, for the same span and load, is larger than that of a beam but, because of the skeletal nature of their construction, will be lighter. For example: the Warren truss shown is typical of those used in bridge construction; other geometries form roof supports and also carry bridge decks.
Truss

STRUCTURAL FORMS
Truss

STRUCTURAL FORMS Portal frames are commonly used in building construction and generally comprise arrangements of beams and columns.
beam
rigid joint
column
Portal

STRUCTURAL FORMS
Portal

STRUCTURAL FORMS The use of trusses to support bridge decks becomes impracticable for longer than moderate spans. In this Situation arches are often used.
Bridge Deck
Column Arch
Arch
Hanger
Bridge Deck
10

STRUCTURAL FORMS Arch

STRUCTURAL FORMS For exceptionally long-span bridges, and sometimes for short spans, cables are used to support the bridge deck. Generally, the cables pass over saddles on the tops of towers and are fixed at each end within the ground by massive anchor blocks. The cables carry hangers from which the bridge deck is suspended
11

STRUCTURAL FORMS Cable Structure Suspension Bridge

Other structural forms include: - plate and slabs, which are used as floors in buildings, as raft foundations and as bridge decks, - and continuum structures which include shells, folded plate roofs, arch dams, etc.; Generally, continuum structures require computer-based methods of analysis.
12

SUPPORT SYSTEM The loads applied to a structure are transferred to its foundations by its supports. In practice supports may be complex, in which case they are idealized into a form that may readily be analysed. PIN SUPPORT (tumpuan sendi): Thus a support that: - allows rotation, but - prevents translation in practice: represented for analysis purposes by the idealized form:

TUMPUAN SENDI Tumpuan sendi dapat menahan gaya horisontal dan vertikal, tetapi tidak dapat menahan momen.
RH
RV
13

TUMPUAN SENDI

TUMPUAN SENDI
14

ROLLER SUPPORT (tumpuan rol): Thus a support that: - allows rotation, but - prevents translation in direction perpendicular to its bearing plate
in practice:
represented for analysis purposes by the idealized form:

TUMPUAN ROL Tumpuan rol hanya dapat menahan gaya tegak lurus pada bidang tumpunya, dan tidak dapat menahan momen
15

FIX SUPPORT (tumpuan jepit): Thus a support that: - prevents translation and rotation in all directions in practice: represented for analysis purposes by the idealized form:
Str. Baja
Str. Beton

TUMPUAN JEPIT Tumpuan jepit dapat menahan gaya vertikal maupun horisontal dan dapat menahan momen
16

TUMPUAN JEPIT

Resume: Support conditions and its characteristics
17

STRUCTURAL IDEALIZATION Generally, structures are complex and must be idealized or sirnplified into a form that can be analysed. This building can be idealized as 2D as well as 3D frame:
This bridge structure can be idealized as 2D as well as 3D truss:
18

UNIT SYSTEM We use the SI Unit
Lenght Meter (m) Force Newton (N) Mass kilogram (kg) Temperatur Celcius (C) Time Second
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Static equilibrium
19

01B - ASST1 2011 Dasar2, Introduct

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STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Parts or Elements of Structures

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-01b

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION STRUCTURES IN THE NATURE

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-01c

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Parts or Elements of Structures

Beam (Balok) Slab (Plat lantai) Column (Kolom)

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-02

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-03

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-04

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-05

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Data: geometri bangunan, beban, bahan dll.

Proses hitungan: analisis beban, analisis struktur, perancangan elemen

Gambar2, RKS/Spec., RAB

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Gambar Detail Struktur

Kontrol Kapasitas & Tegangan pada Elemen2 Str.

Perancangan Elemen2 Struktur

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-07

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-08

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Internal Forces = Deformation

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

1. Strengh 2. Stiffness -----------------3. Durability 4. Economic 5. Aesthetic

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-11

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-13

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1

Dr.-Ing. Ir. Djoko Sulistyo 01B-15

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION

Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Gadjahmada

ANALISIS TRUKTUR STATIS TERTENTU Program S1