2010 CH08 Vu Tien Quyet

TI: LA CHN GII PHP TNG CNG TIT DIN THANH CNH THP THP DNG DN.
LI CM N
Hc vin trn trng cm n PGS.TS Nguyn Quang Vin cng tp th

ging vin trng i hc Xy Dng tn tnh hng dn trong qu
trnh hc tp v thc hin lun vn tt nghip!
Do kh nng v thi gian c hn, ni dung ca lun vn cn c thiu st,

tc gi mong mun nhn c cc kin ng gp ca qu thy c cng
cc bn!
V Tin Quyt
HC VIN: V TIN QUYT CHXD 2008.
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MC LC
Trang
MC LC
DANH MC CC HNH V
DANH MC CC BNG BIU
K HIU V VIT TT
Chng I: TNG QUAN
10
1.1. Tng quan v thp thp dng dn.
10
1.1.1. Hnh dng ca thp.
10
1.1.2. Cu to h thanh ca thp.
12
1.1.3. Cu to vch cng ngang ca thp.
14
1.1.4. Ti trng tc ng ln thp.
15
1.1.5. Tnh ton ni lc.
16
1.2. Tnh thc tin ca ti.
18
1.3. Phm vi nghin cu ca ti.
19
1.4. Ni dung chnh cn t c ca ti.
20
Chng II: MT S GII PHP TNG CNG TIT DIN THANH

CNH THP THP DNG DN.
2.1.C s l thuyt.
21
2.1.1. Cc c trng hnh hc v mt phng tnh ton kim tra ca thp hnh
dng ch to h thanh cho thp thp dng.
21
2.1.2. Tnh ton n nh cc thanh ca thp thp dng dn.
22
2.2. Cc gii php tng cng tit din thanh.
26
2.2.1. Cc tiu ch i vi gii php tng cng tit din thanh.
26
2.2.2. Tng cng tit din thanh cho thanh c bn l thp gc u cnh.
26
2.2.2.1 Thm mt thp gc u cnh vo mt trong thanh c bn.
26
2.2.2.2. Thm hai thp bn vo hai cnh thanh c bn.
27
2.2.2.3. Thm mt thp gc u cnh, hn sng thanh tng cng vo sng

thanh c bn.
28
2.2.2.4. Thm mt thp gc u cnh, m lin kt l thp gc u cnh.
32
2.2.2.5. Thm mt thp gc u cnh, m lin kt l thp bn.
33
2.2.2.6. Thm mt thp bn vo sng ca thanh c bn.
35
2.2.2.7. Thm mt na thp hnh I vo sng thanh c bn.
37
2.2.3. Tng cng tit din cho thanh c bn l thp ng.
39
2.2.3.1.Thm mt thp bn.
39
2.2.3.2.Thm hai thp bn.
43
2.2.3.3.Thm mt thp gc u cnh.
45
2.2.3.4.Thm hai thp gc u cnh.
47
2.2.3.5.Thm mt na thp hnh I.
49
2.2.3.6.Thm hai na thp hnh I.
51
2.3. Kt lun chng II.
53
Chng III: MT S KHO ST BNG S V HIU QU TNG

CNG TIT DIN THANH CNH THP THP DNG DN.
3.1.Tng cng tit din cho thanh c bn l thp gc u cnh.
54
3.1.1.Thm mt thp gc u cnh, hn sng thanh ghp vo sng thanh c bn

hoc m lin kt l thp gc u cnh, dng lin kt hn hoc bu lng.
54
3.1.2.Thm mt thp gc u cnh, m lin kt l thp bn, lin kt hn hoc

bu lng.
57
3.1.3.Thm mt thanh thp bn vo sng ca thanh c bn.
60
3.1.4.Thm mt na thp hnh I vo sng thanh c bn.
63
3.2. Tng cng tit din cho thanh c bn l thp ng.
66
3.2.1.Thm mt thp bn.
66
3.2.2.Thm hai thp bn.
68
3.2.3.Thm mt thp gc u cnh.
71
3.2.4.Thm hai thp gc u cnh.
73
3.2.5.Thm mt na thp hnh I.
75
3.2.6.Thm hai na thp hnh I.
78
3.3. Kt lun chng III.
81
Chng IV: KT LUN, KIN NGH HNG PHT TRIN CA TI

4.1. Kt lun.
82
4.1.1. Ni dung chnh ca ti.
82
4.1.2. Kt lun chung.
83
4.2. Kin ngh hng pht trin ca ti.
84
TI LIU THAM KHO
85
DANH MC CC HNH V
Hnh 1.1 - Mt ng thp khng thay i dc.
11
Hnh 1.2 - Mt ng thp thay i dc mt ln.
11
Hnh 1.3 - Mt ng thp thay i dc nhiu ln.
11
Hnh 1.4 - Cc dng tit din thanh ca thp dng dn.
13
Hnh 1.5 - Cc dng thanh bng ca thp thp dng dn.
14
Hnh 1.6 - Cc loi vch cng ngang dng dn ca thp thp.
15
Hnh 1.7 - Cch tnh dn phng chu ti trng ngang.
18
Hnh 2.1 - Mt ct ngang tit din thp ng.
22
Hnh 2.2 - Mt ct ngang tit din thp gc u cnh.
22
Hnh 2.3 - Biu quan h gia tit din A v bn knh qun tnh i.
22
Hnh 2.4 - Chiu di tnh ton cc thanh trong h khng gian.
24
Hnh 2.5 - Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm mt thp gc u cnh vo
mt trong thanh c bn dng lin kt hn.
27
Hnh 2.6 Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm hai thp bn vo hai cnh
thanh c bn dng lin kt hn.
28
Hnh 2.7 - Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm mt thp gc u cnh, hn
sng thanh ghp vo sng thanh c bn dng lin kt hn.
29
Hnh 2.8 - Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm mt thp gc u cnh, m
lin kt l thp gc u cnh, dng lin kt hn hoc bu lng.
32
lin kt l thp gc u cnh, dng lin kt hn v bu lng.
32
lin kt l thp bn, dng lin kt hn hoc bu lng.
34
lin kt l thp bn, dng lin kt hn v bu lng.
34
Hnh 2.12 - Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm mt thp bn vo sng
thanh c bn.
35
Hnh 2.13 - Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm mt na thp hnh I vo
sng thanh c bn.
37
Hnh 2.14 - Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm mt thp bn cho thanh c
bn l thp ng.
39
Hnh 2.15 - Mt ct ngang thp c ba v nm mt bn, tit din thanh bng

c tng cng tit din bng gii php thm mt thp bn.
40
Hnh 2.16 - Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm hai thp bn cho thanh
c bn l thp ng.
43
Hnh 2.17 - Mt ct ngang thp c ba v nm mt bn c tng cng tit

bng gii php thm hai thp bn.
43
Hnh 2.18 - Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm mt thp gc u cnh
cho thanh c bn l thp ng.
45
Hnh 2.19 - Mt ct ngang thp c ba v nm mt bn, thanh bng c tng

cng tit din bng gii php thm mt thp gc u cnh.
46
Hnh 2.20 - Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm hai thp gc u cnh cho
thanh c bn l thp ng.
47
Hnh 2.21 -Mt ct ngang thp c ba v nm mt bn, tit din thanh bng
c tng cng tit din bng gii php thm hai thp gc u cnh.
48
Hnh 2.22 - Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm mt na thp hnh I cho
49

din bng gii php thm mt na thp hnh I.
50
Hnh 2.24 - Tit din tng cng ca gii php thm hai na thp hnh I cho
51

din bng gii php thm hai na thp hnh I
52
Hnh 3.1 - Tit din thanh ghp ca gii php thm mt thp gc u cnh, hn
sng thanh tng cng vo sng thanh c bn hoc m lin kt l thp gc u
cnh, dng lin kt hn hoc bu lng.
54
5
Hnh 3.2 - Bi quan h a-b ca gii php thm mt thp gc u cnh,

hn sng thanh tng cng vo sng thanh c bn hoc m lin kt l thp
gc u cnh, dng lin kt hn hoc bu lng.
57
Hnh 3.3 - Tit din thanh ghp ca gii php thm mt thp gc u cnh,
m lin kt l thp bn dng lin kt hn hoc bu lng.
58
Hnh 3.4 - Bi quan h a-b ca gii php thm mt thp gc u cnh,

m lin kt l thp bn dng lin kt hn hoc bu lng.
60
Hnh 3.5 - Tit din thanh ghp ca gii php thm mt thp bn vo sng
thanh c bn.
60
Hnh 3.6 - Bi quan h a-b ca gii php thm mt thp bn vo sng

thanh c bn.
63
Hnh 3.7 - Tit din thanh ghp ca gii php thm mt na thp hnh I vo
sng thanh c bn.
63
Hnh 3.8 - Bi quan h a-b ca gii php thm mt na thp hnh I vo

sng thanh c bn.
66
Hnh 3.9 - Tit din thanh ghp ca gii php thm mt thp bn cho thanh
c bn l thp ng.
66
Hnh 3.10 - Bi quan h a-b ca gii php thm mt thp bn cho thanh
c bn l thp ng.
68
Hnh 3.11 - Tit din thanh ghp ca gii php thm hai thp bn cho thanh
c bn l thp ng.
68
Hnh 3.12 - Bi quan h a-b ca gii php thm hai thp bn cho thanh
c bn l thp ng.
70
Hnh 3.13 - Tit din thanh ghp ca gii php thm mt thp gc u cnh
71
Hnh 3.14 - Bi quan h a-b ca gii php thm mt thp gc u cnh

73
Hnh 3.15 - Tit din thanh ghp ca gii php thm hai thp gc u cnh
73
Hnh 3.16 - Bi quan h a-b ca gii php thm hai thp gc u cnh
75
Hnh 3.17 - Tit din thanh ghp ca gii php thm mt na thp hnh I cho
75
Hnh 3.18 - Bi quan h a-b ca gii php thm mt na thp hnh I cho
78
Hnh 3.19 - Tit din thanh ghp ca gii php thm hai na thp hnh I cho
78
Hnh 3.20 - Bi quan h a-b ca gii php thm hai na thp hnh I cho
80
DANH MC CC BNG BIU

Bng 2.1- Chiu di tnh ton thanh trong h dn khng gian dng thp gc n. 24
Bng 2.2- Chiu di quy c ca thanh xin.
25
Bng 2.3- H s chiu di tnh ton ca thanh xin md
25
K HIU V VIT TT
Cc c trng hnh hc.
A
din tch tit din nguyn.
A1
din tch tit din nguyn ca thanh c bn.
A2
din tch tit din nguyn ca thanh tng cng.
chiu rng cnh ca thanh ghp.
B1
chiu rng cnh ca thanh c bn.
B2
chiu rng cnh ca thanh tng cng.
Bm
chiu di ca bn m.
ng knh ngoi thp ng.
t1
chiu dy thanh c bn (thp ng), chiu dy cnh thanh c bn (thp gc).
t2
chiu dy thanh tng cng (thp bn), chiu dy cnh thanh tng cng
(thp gc, hnh I).
tm
chiu dy bn m.
d2
chiu dy bn bng thanh tng cng.
m men chng un.
Wcv
m men chng un tnh vi th chu nn nhiu nht ca tit din thanh

ghp vi trc vo.
Ix1
m men qun tnh vi trc x ca thanh c bn.
Ix2
m men qun tnh vi trc a phng x2 qua trng tm thanh tng cng.
Ixo
m men qun tnh vi trc xo ca thanh ghp.
Iy1
m men qun tnh vi trc y ca thanh c bn.
Iy2
m men qun tnh vi trc a phng y2 qua trng tm thanh tng cng.
Iyo
m men qun tnh vi trc yo ca thanh ghp.
Iu1
m men qun tnh vi trc u ca thanh c bn.
Iu2
m men qun tnh vi trc a phng u2 qua trng tm thanh tng cng.
Iuo
m men qun tnh vi trc uo ca thanh ghp.
Iv1
m men qun tnh vi trc v ca thanh c bn.
Iv2
m men qun tnh vi trc a phng v2 qua trng tm thanh tng cng.
Ivo
m men qun tnh vi trc vo ca thanh ghp.
Ix2y2
m men qun tnh li tm vi h trc a phng x2o2y2 qua trng tm thanh
tng cng.
Ixgyg
m men qun tnh li tm vi h trc a phng x2o2y2 qua trng tm ca
thanh tng cng l na thp hnh I.

i
bn knh qun tnh.
mnh
l gc to bi phng ng cho thp v khng nm ngang.
chiu di thanh
lo
chiu di tnh ton ca thanh
Ni lc, cng , m un n hi.

M
m men un.
lc dc.
cng tnh ton ca thp.
fy
cng gii hn chy ca thp.
fu
cng gii hn bn ca thp.
fv
cng chu ct tnh ton ca thp.
m un n hi tnh ton ca thp
Cc h s, thng s khc.
m
h s ph thuc lin kt hai u thanh.
h s un dc.
gc
h s iu kin lm vic.
h s k n nh hng ca hnh dng tit din n s pht trin ca bin
dng do
c
h s k n nh hng ca m men un v hnh dng tit din i vi n
nh ca thanh trong mt phng vung gc vi mt phng un,

a
t l tng din tch tit din.
t l tng kh nng chu lc ca tit din.
Chng I
TNG QUAN
1.1. TNG QUAN V THP THP DNG DN [2], [4].
1.1.1. Hnh dng ca thp.
Thp thp ni chung v thp thp dng dn ni ring l cng trnh c chiu
cao ln hn nhiu ln kch thc cn li ca cng trnh (t s H/B ln), do cng
trnh c thanh mnh ln. y l loi cng trnh t ng c nh v chnh kt
cu ca bn thn. Ty vo mc ch, yu cu s dng m chiu cao ca v hnh
dng tit din thp khc nhau. Chiu cao thp c th t hng chc mt n vi trm
mt.
Thp thp dng dn l mt h thanh khng gian c t nht l ba mt bn, thp
c bn mt bn l thng dng nht, c p dng trong nhiu lnh vc. Thp c s
lng mt bn l ba v nhiu hn bn th vic gia cng, ch to, lp dng phc tp
hn nn khng thng dng bng thp c bn mt bn. Ty ti trng tc ng vo
thp v yu cu ca to dng kin trc m cc mt bn thp l u cnh hay khng
u cnh. Thp khng u cnh thng gp thp c bn mt bn p dng trong
lnh vc truyn ti in, h bng tiDo yu cu m bo cng ngoi mt
phng tuyn nn cnh thp theo phng ngoi mt phng tuyn ln hn hai cnh
cn li, thp c tit din mt ct ngang hnh ch nht. Trong cc lnh vc khc, ti
trng ngang tc dng vo thp theo hai phng vung gc qua trng tm tit din
tng i u nhau nn cc mt bn thp thng l u nhau.
Cc thng s quan trng quyt nh chiu rng chn thp l chiu cao thp v
ti trng tc dng vo thp. m bo iu kin n nh cho thp th chiu rng
chn thp thng ly B=(1/8-:-1/20)H, vi H l chiu cao thp. Ngoi ra b rng
chn thp B cn ph thuc vo cc yu t khc nh kch thc thanh cnh chn
thp, sc chu ti t nn, din tch t c php s dng cng nh yu cu v
thm m. Tuy nhin do thanh cnh thng c ch to t thp hnh cn nng hoc
thp ng nn tit din hn ch, do chiu rng chn thp thng ly B=(1/5-:1/10)H. Chiu rng Bz ca tit din thp cch nh thp mt on Hz thng c
ly theo t l Bz=(1/8-:-1/20)Hz.
10
Kch thc nh thp phi m bo khng gian lp t thit b v cu

kin lp t trn nh thp, m bo cng chng xon. Cc thp dng trong
ngnh cng nghip, du lch nh thp dn khoan du kh, thp i nc, thp
bng ti, thp phc v cho ngm cnh th kch thc nh thp c kch thc
ph thuc vo kt cu lp trn nh thp, kch thc nh thp kh ln. Thp
ng dy ti in, thp ng ten truyn hnh c chiu rng B= (0.6-:-1.5)m. B
rng nh ca thp vi ba c thng ph thuc vo ng knh cho ng ten lp trn
nh thp, B >= 0.75D, vi D l ng knh cho ng ten.
Cc thp c chiu cao thp, thp c kch thc nh thp ln cc kt cu
bn trn nh dn khoan du, bng ti, bn ncth trc thanh cnh thng song
song vi nhau, tit din mt ct ngang thn thp khng i (hnh 1.1). Vi thp c
chiu cao trung bnh v ln, ni lc trong h thanh do ti trng ng gy ra l nh
so vi ti trng ngang, ni lc trong thanh cnh gim dn theo chiu cao th tit din
thanh cnh v tit din mt ct ngang thn thp cng gim dn theo chiu cao. Vic
gim tit din mt ct ngang thn thp c thc hin bng vic b tr thanh cnh
c dc khng i trn sut chiu cao thp (hnh 1.2) hoc c dc thay i
nhiu ln. Nu thp c yu cu thm m cao th dng phng n i dc thanh
cnh nhiu ln trn sut chiu cao thp (hnh 1.3).
Hnh 1.1
Hnh 1.2
Hnh 1.3
11
1.1.2. Cu to h thanh ca thp.

H thanh ca thp thp dng dn bao gm h thanh cnh v h thanh bng. Vi
thp c ni lc thanh cnh nh, thanh cnh dng thp gc u cnh (hnh 1.4a) l
ph bin nht do cu to nt lin kt thanh bng v thang cnh n gin, d ch to
v lp dng. Thanh cnh dng tit din ch I (hnh 1.4b) t c dng v kh lin
kt thanh bng vo thanh cnh. Khi thp c ni lc thanh cnh ln, thng s dng
thp ng (hnh 1.4c) hoc thanh t hp thp gc (hnh 1.4d, 1.4e) lm thanh cnh.
Thp ng c kh nng chu lc theo cc phng l nh nhau, vi cng mt lng
vt liu th thp ng l tit din hp l nht v mt chu lc. Ngoi ra thp ng c
din tch chn gi v h s kh ng u b hn thp gc nn ti trng ngang do gi
tc ng ln thp gim i. Sau khi gia cng ch to u ng c bt li th tit din
l kn nn d sn ph bo dng, chng n mn tt hn cc loi tit din khc. Tuy
nhin thanh dng thp ng kh ch to v lin kt cc u thanh, i hi trnh
ch to cao. Thanh ghp nh hnh 1.4d kh hp l v mt chu lc nhng chiu di
ng hn di d gy ng sut bin hnh hn, khi ng hn khng kn hon ton
th tit din c th b g t bn trong do hi m v nc ma ng li bn trong tit
din.
H thanh bng ca thp thp dng dn thng t hp t cc thanh thp gc. Khi
c yu cu cao v thm m th s dng h thanh bng bng thp ng. Khi ni lc
thanh bng ln hoc thanh ngang kt hp cho sn cng tc th c th dng
loi thanh t hp t hai thp gc nh hnh 1.4f. H thanh bng lm nhim v lin
kt cc thanh cnh vi nhau to ra h kt cu khng gian, lm gim chiu di tnh
ton v m men un cc b ca thanh cnh.
12
Hnh 1.4
Vi thp nh v chiu di thanh bng khng ln thng dng h thanh bng xin
(hnh 1.5a) hoc h thanh bng tam gic (hnh 1.5b). H thanh bng ny c s thanh
hi t ti nt lin kt vi thanh cnh t nn cu to n gin nhng n nh ca
thanh bng khi chu nn khng cao. Vi h thanh bng xin khi ti trng ngang i
chiu th cc thanh xin hon ton chu ko i thnh hon ton chu nn,do n
nh ca thp km hn. Bc siu tnh ca ton h khng cao khi thp c h thanh
bng xin v h thanh bng tam gic.
H thanh bng ch thp (hnh 1.5c) c s thanh bng quy t vo nt lin kt vi
thanh cnh nhiu hn nn cu to nt phc tp hn, bc siu tnh ca thp cao hn.
Khi ti trng ngang i chiu th vn c mt na s thanh bng chu ko, khi tnh
ton gi thit b qua s lm vic ca cc thanh bng chu nn th h vn m bo
bt bin hnh, do n nh ca thp cao hn trng hp thanh bng xin v tam
gic. Tuy nhin thp c h thanh bng ch thp th thanh cnh thng c chiu di
tnh ton ln, khc phc nhc im ny dng h thanh bng c thanh ngang ti
v tr giao nhau ca hai thanh xin (hnh 1.5d).
Khi h thanh bng ch thp b i thanh ngang s tr thnh h thanh bng qu trm
(hnh 1.5e). Khi s thanh bng quy t vo nt lin kt vi thanh cnh l hai
thanh nn cu to nt n gin. Khi ti trng ngang i chiu th vn m bo mt
na s thanh xin chu ko, vi gi thit b qua s lm vic ca cc thanh bng chu
13
nn th h vn m bo bt bin hnh. lm gim chiu di tnh ton ca thanh

cnh v lm thanh cho sn cng tc hoc b tr vch cng th ti v tr giao ca
hai thanh xin b tr thm thanh ngang (hnh 1.5f).
Vi thp c tit din mt ct ngang ln th chiu di thanh bng xin v thanh
ngang ln, khng c li v mt chu lc. khc phc iu ny dng h thanh bng
na xin (hnh 1.5g). Phng n ny vn m bo nt lin kt thanh bng vi thanh
cnh n gin, chiu di tnh ton thanh bng xin v thanh ngang gim i nhiu,
nhng nt lin kt cc thanh bng vi nhau li phc tp hn.
Trng hp chiu di tnh ton thanh bng, thanh cnh ln qu hoc c yu cu cao
v mt thm m th dng h thanh bng phn nh. S lng nt tng ln, cu to
nt ca thp phc tp hn cc phng n trn nhng bc siu tnh ca h cao hn,
kh nng chu lc tt hn, phng n ny p dng cho thp c chiu cao ln.
Hnh 1.5
1.1.3. Cu to vch cng ngang ca thp.
Vch cng ngang (hnh 1.6a, 1.6b, 1.6c, 1.6d) ca thp bao gm h thanh xin
kt hp vi thanh ngang ca cc mt bn thp cng vi bn ph pha trn bng b
tng hoc thp tm to thnh ming cng bt bin hnh trong mt phng tit din ct
14
ngang thn thp. Vch cng ngang m bo cho mt ct ngang thn thp khng i
khi chu lc ph hp vi gi thit ban u khi tnh ton thp. Vch cng ngang lm
tng cng chng xon ca thp, phn u mmen xon cho cc dn bin v lm
gim chiu di tnh ton ca thanh ngang. Mi thp phi b tr t nht hai vch cng
ngang, khong cch vch cng ngang Lv<= 3Bz, vi Bz l chiu rng trung bnh
thn thp ti v tr b tr vch. Thng thng khong cch gia cc vch cng ngang
vo khong 9-10 m. Trn mi on lp dng phi c t nht mt vch cng ngang
m bo cho on khng b bin hnh khi lp ghp.
Hnh 1.6
1.1.4. Ti trng tc ng ln thp.
Ti trng tc ng ln thp c cp nhiu ti liu [2], [4], y ch nu
nhng im c trng nht.
Ti trng tc ng ln thp thp ni chung v thp thp dng dn ni ring gm hai
thnh phn chnh l ti trng ng v ti trng ngang, ngoi ra ty thuc vo cc
lnh vc khc nhau hoc iu kin lm vic cn xut hin ti trng do chy n, ti
trng do nhit , mmen un xon thp do thit b v cu kin t lch tm.
+ Ti trng ng do trng lng bn thn cc thanh, do cc thit b v cu kin lp
trn thp, do hot ti lp dng v sa cha, do lc cng trc trong cc thanh cnh.
- Mmen un do thit b v cu kin t lch tm c chuyn thnh lc ko nn
trong cc thanh cnh.
+ Ti trng ngang tc ng vo thp do cc thnh phn chnh l gi v ng t.
Ngoi ra ty lnh vc khc nhau m c cc loi ti trng ngang khc nh ti trng
ngang do t dy dn in, do mmen xon (thit b v cu kin t lch tm gy ra
mmen xon, mmen xon phn thnh lc ngang tc dng vo cc dn bin ca
thp)
15
- Thp thp ni chung v thp thp dng dn ni ring l cng trnh c thanh
mnh ln, khi chu tc ng ca gi bo cng trnh s c dao ng kh ln nn pht
sinh lc qun tnh. Do vy ngoi ti trng gi tnh do p lc gi tc dng vo cng
trnh cn c thnh phn gi ng do khi lng cng trnh tham gia dao ng gy
ra lc qun tnh. Vi tnh cht c bit ca ti trng gi l tc ng thng xuyn,
lin tc, phng v chiu cng nh cng lun thay i nn ti trng do gi l
mt trong nhng loi ti trng gy nguy him nht cho cng trnh dng thp.
- Vi thp dng trong vng ng t th thnh phn lc ngang cn do ti trng
ng t gy ra. c im ca ti trng ng t cng nh gi ng, l lc qun
tnh pht sinh do khi lng cng trnh tham gia dao ng.
- Mt im cn lu khi tnh ton tn s v bin dao ng ca thp ng
dy ti in khi tnh ton ng t v gi ng l b qua trng lng dy dn v cc
ph kin treo dy.
Trong tnh ton, ti trng ngang do gi ng v ng t t trng tm khi lng
ca cc on thp.Ti trng ngang gy ra ni lc ko, nn trong h thanh ca thp.
1.1.5. Tnh ton ni lc.
xc nh ni lc ca thp c th dng cch tnh n gin hoc s dng cc
chng trnh tnh trn my tnh.
+ Cch tnh n gin.
- Tnh ni lc do ti trng ngang gy ra cho h thanh th s tnh ton c n
gin ho v tnh ton cc cc dn phng mt bn ca thp, gn ng coi cc nt l
cc khp.
Khi tnh ton, c th gii c bng cc phng php n gin ca c hc kt
cu th cch n gin nht l b qua cc thanh bng xin chu nn (hnh 1.7a), tuy
nhin h dn phi m bo l h bt bin hnh, trong h ch cn thanh cnh, thanh
ngang v cc thanh bng xin chu ko. Ngoi ra cn c th dng phng php
phn tch h dn siu tnh thnh hai h tnh nh (hnh 1.7b). Du ca ni lc thanh
cnh v thanh bng xin thay i khi ti trng ngang i chiu.
- Tnh ni lc do ti trng ng:
16
* i vi thanh cnh, nu trc dc thanh cnh thng ng (thp khng thay i

tit din), hoc gc gia trc dc thanh cnh so vi trc thng ng (gc dc nht)
l nh th ti trng ng ch gy nn cho thanh cnh, nu gc dc nht kh ln th
ti trng ng cn gy un xin cho thanh cnh, khi h thanh bng cng tham
gia chu ti trng ng.
* Vi h thanh bng, ti trng ng gy ra lc ko, nn v mmen un. i vi
thanh bng xin ti trng ng thng ch c ti trng bn thn nn mmen un
thng khng ln. Tuy nhin vi thanh bng ngang ti v tr sn t thit b v vch
cng ngang th mmen un kh ln.
tnh ni lc do ti trng ng c th p dng cc s tnh n gin ho nh
nu phn trn.
+ Cch tnh bng chng trnh tnh ton kt cu trn my tnh:
Cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, hin nay c nhiu chng trnh tnh
ton kt cu trn my tnh, l cc cng c mnh gii cc bi ton kt cu. Cc
chng trnh mnh thng c p dng l Sap v Etabs. Khi p dng cc chng
trnh ny tnh ton kt cu thp thp dng dn, thp c m hnh ho vi s
khng gian gm cc phn t hp thnh l cc phn t thanh, ti trng tc ng vo
thp c phn thnh cc trng hp ti ring bit v c khai bo chnh xc
ln v phng tc dng d kin. Cch tnh ny m hnh ho kt cu st vi thc t,
c th khai bo v iu chnh lin kt gia cc thanh kh ph hp vi lin kt thc
(ngm, ngm n hi, khp). Khi gii bi ton thu c nhiu loi kt qu nh
chuyn v, bin dng, ni lc, tn s dao ngdo c th nh gi mt cch
tng qut v h kt cu chn.
17
Hnh 1.7
1.2. TNH THC TIN CA TI.
+ Sau khi xem xt cc c trng hnh hc ca thp hnh cn nng thng dng
trong thp thp dng dn thy rng tr thp ng th cc loi thp gc khc u c
bn knh qun tnh theo cc phng khng bng nhau.
+ Qua vic tham kho cc h s thit k v cc cng trnh thp thp dng dn trong
thc t, thy rng cc thanh cnh trong h thng s dng dng thanh nguyn t
thp gc u cnh, hoc dng dng t hp n gin t thp gc u cnh nn bn
knh qun tnh theo cc phng thng khng bng nhau, kh nng chu lc theo
cc phng khng nh nhau, khng tn dng kh nng chu lc ca thanh.
+ Cc thanh cnh pha di ca thp c ni lc ln m cc thanh thp n khng
kh nng chu lc, khng m bo iu kin mnh cho php hoc khi dng thanh
thp n khng kinh t.
Nh vy, c tit din thanh hp l, c bit l cc thanh cnh c ni lc ln cn
c bin php tng cng tit din thanh.
+ Thc t ngy cng c nhiu nh cao tng xut hin, cc cng trnh cao tng gn
cc thp thu pht sng lm gim cht lng ca sng, t ra vn cn nng thm
chiu cao thp, vic ny lm tng ni lc trong h thanh ca thp.
18
+ Do yu cu thay i cng ngh, thit b lp t trn thp lm tng ti trng ln

thp, tng ni lc trong cc thanh ca thp.
+ Do nguyn nhn khch quan, thp c thit kt vi vng gi yu nhng khi cn
phi lp t trong vng gi mnh hn nn ni lc trong thanh tng ln so vi thit
k ban u.
+ Do tng dung tch i cha nc t trn nh thp nn ti trng ng tc dng
ln thp tng lm tng ni lc nn trong h thanh.
+ Do tng cng sut ca bng ti, ca trm trn btng nn ni lc trong h thanh
tng ln.
+ Do tng s tng hoc b tr thm sn u cho my bay trc thng trn nc cc nh
dn DK1 lm cho ni lc trong cc thanh ca h dn tng ln.
tn dng h thanh ca thp c th cn phi tng cng tit din chng m
bo kh nng chu lc.
Vi nhng yu cu ca thc tin t ra nh vy, hc vin la chn ti cho lun
vn tt nghip l: La chn gii php tng cng tit din thanh cnh thp thp
dng dn.
1.3. PHM VI NGHIN CU CA TI.
+ Qua vic tnh ton kt cu thp thp ni chung v thp thp dng dn ni ring
thy rng cc thanh cnh v thanh bng pha chn thp c ni lc nn rt ln, ln
pha trn ni lc trong cc thanh gim i.
- Khi thit k thp, vic chn v kim tra tit din cho cc thanh, th vi cc thanh
bng pha trn iu kin v ng sut d dng tho mn do ni lc nh, tit din cc
thanh ny thng c chn theo mnh, cc thanh c ni lc ln phi tho mn
c iu kin mnh v v cng . Vi cc thanh c ni lc khng ln qu th
cc thp hnh n cng m bo tit din, nhng vi cc thanh cnh pha chn
ct ni lc rt ln, khi dng mt thanh c th khng tit din yu cu, cn phi
c bin php tng cng tit din.
19
- Vi mt s thp c khi cn tng chiu cao, khi tng ti trng th ni lc trong cc

thanh tng ln. Cc thanh bng c th tho ra thay thanh mi c tit din ln hn
m bo yu cu vo thi gian lng gi, v vy bin php tng cng tit din t
c p dng. Tuy nhin cc thanh cnh th khng th tho ra thay thanh mi c
tit din ln hn c nn phi p dng bin php tng cng tit din. T thy
rng gii php tng cng tit din thanh ch yu p dng cho thanh cnh, do vy
phm vi nghin cu ca ti l:
* Nghin cu cc gii php tng cng tit din thanh cnh ca thp thp dng dn.
* Chn s lng mt bn ca thp l bn, v y l loi ph thng nht.
* Dng tit din thanh cnh nghin cu l thp gc u cnh v thp ng.
* Dng lin kt dng trong cc gii php tng cng l lin kt hn (p dng cho
gii php tng cng tit din thanh cnh l thp gc u cnh v thp ng), lin kt
bu lng (p dng cho gii php tng cng tit din thanh cnh l thp gc).
* Dng lin kt thanh bng vi thanh cnh nh hnh 2.4a, 2.4b, 2.4c, cc thanh bng
hai mt bn cnh nhau quy t ti cng mt nt.
1.4. NI DUNG CHNH CN T C CA TI.
+ xut cc gii php tng cng tit din thanh cnh ca thp thp dng dn.
+ Kho st kh nng chu lc ca thanh cnh thp thp dng dn trc v sau khi
tng cng. Vi cng hnh thc lin kt v chiu di tnh ton, cn c vo tng
quan gia t l tng din tch v tng kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp so vi thanh
c bn tm ra gii php tng cng tit din hp l cho thanh .
20
Chng II
MT S GII PHP TNG CNG TIT DIN THANH
CNH THP THP DNG DN.
2.1. C S L THUYT.
2.1.1. Cc c trng hnh hc v mt phng tnh ton kim tra ca thp hnh
dng ch to h thanh cho thp thp dng.
H thanh ca thp thp dng dn thng dng thp hnh cn nng hoc thp ng
ty vo mc ch s dng v yu cu v thm m. Thng thng cc thp ng
dy ti in, thp i nc, bng ti, trm trn, cc thanh dng tit din thp
gc. Cc thp vin thng dng trong thnh ph c yu cu cao v thm m hoc
thp c ni lc trong thanh, c bit l thanh cnh th c th dng dng hn hp
thanh cnh dng thp ng, thanh bng dng thp gc hoc dng ton b thp ng
cho cc thanh. Vi thp lm vic trong mi trng c tnh xm thc mnh v n
mn cao nh thp dn khoan du kh, nh dn DK1, yu cu cc thanh c kn
cao, chng n mn tt th cc thanh dng thp ng.
- Tit din thp ng (hnh 2.1) c bn knh qun tnh v cng theo mi phng l
nh nhau, vi cng chiu di tnh ton v lin kt u thanh th kh nng chu lc l
nh nhau.
- Thp gc u cnh (hnh 2.2), cc c trng hnh hc cn quan tm l din tch tit
din A, mmen qun tnh I v bn knh qun tnh i theo cc phng. Cc thng s
nh b dy cnh khng cn quan tm v khi ch to m bo n nh cc b ca
bn cnh. Bn knh qun tnh i tnh c thng qua A v I nh sau:
i=(I/A)0.5
(2.1)
- Do tit din khng i xng, bn knh qun tnh theo cc phng l khc nhau.
mnh ca thanh c chiu di l l:
l=l/i
(2.2)
Trong l h s ph thuc lin kt hai u thanh.

Nh vy bn knh qun tnh cng nh th mnh theo phng cng ln.
Sc chu ti tnh ton ca thanh khi chu nn l: [N] = Afminc
(2.3)
f l cng tnh ton ca thp (daN/cm2).

21
c l h s iu kin lm vic.
A l din tch tit din nguyn (cm2).
min l h s un dc nh nht trong cc phng tnh ton ng vi lmax.
T (2.1), (2.2), (2.3) thy rng vi cng din tch tit din A, cng f, chiu di l
v lin kt hai u thanh theo cc phng l nh nhau ( nh nhau) th phng no
c bn knh qun tnh nh nht s c [N] nh nht.
- Bn knh qun tnh theo cc phng trc x-x, y-y, u-u, v-v l ix, iy, iu, iv. thy
c tng quan gi tr gia bn knh qun tnh theo cc phng, xem hnh 2.3.
Thy rng iv c gi tr nh nht, sau ti ix = iy, ln nht l iu, trong tnh ton khi
xt ti lin kt u thanh th cc gi tr cn quan tm l ix, iy, iv. Mt phng tnh ton
kim tra l mt phng song song trc x-x, y-y, v-v.
Hnh 2.1
Hnh 2.2
Hnh 2.3
2.1.2. Tnh ton n nh cc thanh ca thp thp dng dn [4], [7].

+ Khi cc thanh ca thp lm vic chu nn ng tm phi tha mn iu kin n
nh:
N<=Afminc
(2.4)
f l cng tnh ton ca thp (daN/cm2).

c l h s iu kin lm vic.
A l din tch tit din nguyn (cm2).
jmin l h s un dc trong phng tnh ton, tra bng ph thuc mnh l hoc
-
tnh trc tip t mnh quy c l =l(f/E)^0.5:

22
* 0< l <=2.5: j=1-(0.073-5.53f/E) l ^3/2.

-
* 2.5< l <=4.5: j=1.47-13f/E-(0.371-27.3f/E) ( l )+(0.0275-5.53f/E) l ^2.

-
* 4.5< l : j=332/[(51- l ) l ^2].

mnh ca thanh l=l/i =l0/i , l0 l chiu di tnh ton ca thanh.
Bn knh qun tnh i tnh theo (2.1)
+ Cc thanh chu nn lch tm, nn un.
- Kim tra n nh trong mt phng tc dng ca m men (mt phng tc dng ca
m men trng vi mt phng i xng):
N<=Afec
(2.4a)
je l h ph thuc mnh quy c l =l(f/E)^0.5 trong mt phng tc dng ca m

men v lch tm tnh i me=hm
h -h s k n nh hng ca hnh dng tit din n s pht trin ca bin dng
do.
m l lch tm tng i, m=eA/Wc =AM/(NWc)
M l m men un trong mt phng tnh ton.
N l lc nn tnh ton trong thanh c cng t hp vi M
Wc l m men chng un ca tit din tnh cho th chu nn ln nht.
- Kim tra n nh trong mt phng vung gc vi mt phng tc dng ca m men.
N<=Afcy c
(2.4b)
y l h s un dc ca thanh trong mt phng vung gc vi mt phng tc dng

ca m men.
c l h s k n nh hng ca m men un v hnh dng tit din i vi n
nh ca thanh trong mt phng vung gc vi mt phng tc dng ca m men
un.
+ Chiu di tnh ton l0 ca thanh xc nh theo hnh 2.4 v bng 2.1 nh sau:
23
Hnh 2.4
Bng 2.1: Chiu di tnh ton thanh trong h dn khng gian dng thp gc n
Loi thanh
Chiu di tnh ton
Bn knh qun tnh
Thanh cnh
lo
Dng theo hnh a, b, c
lm
imin
Dng theo hnh d, e
1.14lm
ix hoc iy
Thanh xin
Dng theo hnh b, c, d
md ld
imin
Dng theo hnh a, e
md ldc
imin
Dng theo hnh b
0.8 lc
imin
Dng theo hnh c
0.65 lc
imin
Thanh ngang
Ghi ch:ldc l chiu di quy c ca thanh xin

md l h s quy i chiu di tnh ton ca thanh xin
24
Bng 2.2: Chiu di quy c ca thanh xin.

c im mt giao nhau ca
Chiu di quy c ldc ca thanh
cc thanh bng
bng xin nu thanh l thanh

Khng
Chu ko
C hai thanh khng gin on
chu lc
Chu nn
ld
1.3ld
0.8Ld
1.3ld
1.6ld
Ld
Thanh gin on v c ph bn
mt
Hnh a
Hnh e
(1.9Khi 1<=n<3
(1.75- 0.15n)ld
Khi n>=3
1.3ld
0.1n)ld
Ld
1.6ld
Ld
ld
ld
Mt giao nhau ca cc thanh

c gi khng cho chuyn v
ra ngoi mt phng dn
ld
Ghi ch:Ld l chiu di thanh xin hnh a, e

n = (Jm,min ld)/(Jd,min lm) l t s cng n v nh nht ca thanh cnh v
thanh xin
Jm,min, Jd,min l mmen qun tnh nh nht ca tit din thanh cnh v thanh xin
Bng 2.3: H s chiu di tnh ton ca thanh xin md
Lin kt ca thanh
xin vi thanh cnh
Ga tr ca md khi l/imin bng

<=60
60<l/imin<=160
>=160
0.765
Bng ng hn hoc bu
lng
<=2
1.14
0.54+36(imin/l)
>=6
1.04
0.56+28.8(imin/l) 0.74
1.12
0.64+28.8(imin/l) 0.82
(khng nh hn 2), khng

c bn m
Bng 1 bu lng, khng c Khng ph

bn m
thuc n
Ghi ch: n xem ghi ch bng 2.2

25
l l chiu di thanh, l=ld vi hnh 2.4b, c, d, l=ldc theo bng 2.1 vi hnh 2.4a,e
Gi tr ca md khi n t 2-:-6 xc nh bng ni suy tuyn
tnh
Khi lin kt trc tip mt u ca thanh xin vi thanh cnh bng ng hn hoc
bu lng, cn u kia qua bn m th h s chiu di tnh ton l 0.5(1+md), khi lin
kt hai u thanh qua bn m th md=1
- Dn thp ng khng dng bn mt lox=loy=0.9l.
2.2. CC GII PHP TNG CNG TIT DIN THANH.
2.2.1. Cc tiu ch i vi gii php tng cng tit din thanh.
- Tng din tch tit din A.
- Tng bn knh qun tnh i cng nhiu cng tt, bn knh i theo cc phng chnh
lch cng t cng tt.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc b ln c th p dng trong thc t .
- Vi lng tng t l din tch a nht nh phi t c t l tng kh nng chu lc
b ln nht (b/a cng ln cng tt, khi a tng th b tng v b/a>=1 l hiu qu).
- Hn ch gy gim yu tit din thanh do hn v khot l lin kt bu lng.
- D gia cng ch to v lp dng.
- Hn ch nh hng ti lin kt ban u ca h thanh.
- Sau khi tng cng tit din m bo h hoc kn hon ton d sn ph, bo
dng.
2.2.2. Tng cng tit din cho thanh c bn l thp gc u cnh.
2.2.2.1. Thm mt thp gc u cnh vo mt trong thanh c bn.
26
Hnh 2.5
* u im:
- Khng lm tng din tch n gi tc ng vo thp, khng nh hng ti mt
ng kin trc.
- Hn ch lch tm ln gia trng tm thanh trc v sau tng cng.
* Nhc im:
- Vt liu vn tp trung gn trng tm nn hiu qu lm gim mnh ca thanh
khng cao.
- Cha khc phc c nhc im ca thp gc u cnh l iv vn nh hn iu v ix,
iy nhiu.
- Phi gia cng sng ca thanh tng cng, tn cng v kh thc hin.
- Kh m bo tit din kn hon ton, nc v hi m c th ng li ti phn h
gia hai thanh gy g t bn trong rt nguy him.
- Lm nh hng ln ti nt lin kt thanh bng vi thanh cnh.
* Phm vi v iu kin p dng:
- So snh vi cc tiu ch t ra th gii php ny khng nn p dng.
2.2.2.2. Thm hai thp bn vo hai cnh thanh c bn.
27
Hnh 2.6
* u im:
- Lm tng bn knh qun tnh theo cc phng, tit din thanh vn m bo h
hon ton d sn ph bo dng.
* Nhc im:
- Lm tng din tch n gi, tng kh nng mt n nh cc b ca thanh cnh.
- Khng khc phc c nhc im ca thanh c bn l bn knh qun tnh iv vn
nh hn ix, iy, iu nhiu nn kh nng chu lc theo cc phng chnh lch ln.
- S dng nhiu ng hn, nh hng ln ti cu to nt lin kt thanh bng vi
thanh cnh, kh nng tng din tch hn ch do cnh phi m bo iu kin n nh
cc b.
- So snh vi cc tiu ch t ra cho gii php tng cng tit din thanh th gii
php ny khng nn p dng.
2.2.2.3. Thm mt thp gc u cnh, hn sng thanh tng cng vo sng
thanh c bn.
28
Hnh 2.7
* u im:
- Khc phc c nhc im ca tit din thanh c bn l bn knh qun tnh cc
phng chnh lch nhau nhiu.
- Tit din thanh vn m bo h hon ton d sn ph bo dng .
- Khng nh hng ti cu to nt lin kt thanh bng vi thanh cnh.
* Nhc im:
- Lm tng din tch n gi ca thanh.
- Gy ra lch tm kh ln cho thanh ghp nu thanh tng cng c tit din ln.
- Hai ng hn lin kt gia thanh tng cng v thanh c bn cnh nhau s lm
gim cht lng ng hn. khc phc nhc im ny p dng gii php trong
mc 2.2.2.4 v 2.2.2.5 tip sau.
- p dng tng cng cho thanh cnh trong sa cha gia c thp, thit k thp mi.
- B rng cnh B2 v b dy t2, tm tha mn: B2<=B1, t2<=tm<=t1.
* Tnh ton:
+ c trng hnh hc ca thanh:
29
Thanh c bn
A1
B1
t1
Cx1=Cy1 Cu1
Cv1
Thanh tng cng
A2
B2
t2
Cx2=Cy2 Cu2
Cv2
n v
(cm2)
Thanh c bn
Ix1=Iy1
ix1=iy1
Iu1
iu1
Iv1
iv1
Thanh tng cng
Ix2=Iy2
ix2=iy2
Iu2
iu2
Iv2
iv2
n v
(cm)
(cm )
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm) (cm)
(cm ) (cm) (cm ) (cm)
(cm)
+ Bn m ngang dy tm(cm)
+ Chiu di tnh ton: lo=ml
+ Ta trng tm tit din thanh.
- Gi thit h trc ta ban u trng vi h trc ta ca thanh c bn xoy,
uov.
- Ta trng tm tit din thanh tng cng trong h trc xoy:
X1=-(Cy1+Cy2), Y1=-(Cx1+Cx2), U1=X1(2)0.5, V1=0.
- Ta trng tm tit din thanh thanh ghp trong h trc xoy, uov:
Xo=Syi/Ai=AiXi/Ai, Yo=Xo, Uo=Xo(2)0.5, Vo=0
+ c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh ghp.
Iyo=Ixo=Ix1+Ix2+A1(Yo)2+A2(Y1-Yo)2, ixo=iyo=(Ixo/(A1+A2))0.5
Iuo=Iu1+Iu2, iuo=(Iuo/(A1+A2))0.5
Ivo=Iv1+Iv2+A1(Uo)2+A2(U1-Uo)2, ivo=(Ivo/(A1+A2))0.5, Wcv=Ivo/(B1/(2)0.5-Cv1-Uo)
-
+ mnh ca thanh c bn: lx=ly=lo/ix1, lu=lo/iu1, lv=lo/iv1, l max=lmax(f/E)0.5

+ Kh nng chu lc ca thanh c bn: [N1]=A1fjminc
+ mnh ca thanh thanh ghp:
-
lxo=lyo=lo/ixo, luo=lo/iuo, lvo=lo/ivo , l uo=luo(f/E)0.5, l vo=lvo(f/E)0.5

+ Kh nng chu lc ca thanh thanh ghp:
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp trong mt phng un u-u (tnh vi trc vo):
[Nu]=(A1+A2)fjec
30
Trong :
-
je l h s ph thuc mnh quy c l vo=lvo(f/E)^0.5 trong mt phng tc dng

ca m men v lch tm tnh i me=hmv
do:
h=0.75+0.05mv+0.01(5-mv) l vo
mv l lch tm tng i trong mt phng u-u, mv=e(A1+A2)/Wcv

e=M2/N=ao/(1+Iv1/Ivo), M2 l m men trong mt phng u-u ti u thanh ghp:
M2 =M/(1+Iv1/Ivo)=aoN/(1+Iv1/Ivo)
ao l lch trng tm tit din trc v sau tng cng trong mt phng u-u,
ao=/Uo/
M l m men un do lch trng tm ti nt thay i tit din, M=Nao
Iv1, Ivo l m men qun tnh i vi trc v, vo (vung gc vi trc u) ca tit din
thanh c bn v thanh ghp.
Wcv l m men chng un ca tit din tnh cho th chu nn ln nht.
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp trong mt phng vo-vo (tnh vi trc u):
[Nv]=(A1+A2)fcjuc
Trong :
u l h s un dc ca thanh trong mt phng vo-vo vung gc vi mt phng tc
dng ca m men u-u.
c: h s k n nh hng ca m men un v hnh dng tit din i vi n
nh ca thanh trong mt phng vo-vo vung gc vi mt phng tc dng ca m
men u-u.
Khi mv <=5 c c=b/(1+amv), b v a l cc h s ph thuc hnh dng tit din (tra
bng D9 ph lc D ca [7]).
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp: [N2]= min([Nu], [Nv])
31
+ T l tng din tch a = A2/A1

+ T l tng kh nng chu lc b = ([N2]-[N1])/[N1]
2.2.2.4. Thm mt thp gc u cnh, m lin kt l thp gc u cnh.
Lin kt hn
Lin kt bu lng
Hnh 2.8
Lin kt hn v lin kt bu lng

Hnh 2.9
32
* u im:
- Gii php ny trnh c vic phi dng hai ng hn cnh nhau ti sng thanh
tng cng v thanh c bn, cc u im khc nh ca gii php nu ti mc
2.2.2.3.
- Khi dng lin kt hn, thanh tng cng v m lin kt c th c gia cng trong
nh my v lin kt trc vi nhau, sau c lin kt vi thanh c bn ti hin
trng.
- Khi dng lin kt bu lng, thanh tng cng v m lin kt c th c gia cng
trong nh my, thun li cho cng tc lp rp ti hin trng.
* Nhc im:
- Nh gii php nu ti mc 2.2.2.3.
- Khi dng lin kt bu lng s gy gim yu cho thanh c bn v thanh tng cng
do khot l lin kt.
trnh phi khot l bu lng gy gim yu cho thanh c bn c th p dng gii
php nh hnh 2.9, m thp gc u cnh lin kt vi thanh c bn dng lin kt
hn cn lin kt vi thanh tng cng dng lin kt bu lng.
* Phm vi v iu kin p dng: nh gii php trnh by ti mc 2.2.2.3.
* Tnh ton: nh gii php trnh by ti mc 2.2.2.3.
2.2.2.5. Thm mt thp gc u cnh, m lin kt l thp bn.
33
Lin kt hn
Lin kt bu lng
Hnh 2.10
Lin kt hn v lin kt bu lng

Hnh 2.11
34
+ u nhc im, phm vi v iu kin p dng nh gii php trnh by ti mc

2.2.2.3.
* Tnh ton:
+ c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh tng cng, thanh c bn xem mc 2.2.2.3.
+ Bn m dy tm(cm)
uov.
- Ta trng tm tit din thanh tng cng trong h trc xoy, uov.
X1=-(Cy1+tm+Cy2), Y1=-(Cx1+tm+Cx2), U1=X1(2)0.5, V1=0.
- Ta trng tm tit din thanh ghp trong h trc xoy, uov:
Xo=Syi/Ai=AiXi/Ai, Yo=Xo, Uo=Xo(2)0.5, Vo=0
+ c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh tng cng.
Iuo=Iu1+Iu2, iuo=(Iuo/(A1+A2))0.5
Ivo=Iv1+Iv2+A1(Uo)2+A2(U1-Uo)2, ivo=(Ivo/(A1+A2))0.5, Wcv=Ivo/(B1/(2)0.5-Cv1-Uo).
+ Cc bc tnh ton kim tra tip theo nh tnh ton mnh, kh nng chu lc, t
l tng din tch, t l tng kh nng chu tnh nh mc 2.2.2.3.
2.2.2.6. Thm mt thp bn vo sng ca thanh c bn.
Hnh 2.12
35
* u im:
- Khc phc c nhc im ca tit din thanh c bn l bn knh qun tnh cc
phng chnh lch nhau nhiu.
- D thi cng, khng nh hng ti cu to nt lin kt thanh bng vi thanh cnh.
- Tit din thanh vn m bo h hon ton d sn ph bo dng.
* Nhc im:
- T l tng din tch b hn ch v thanh tng cng phi tha mn iu kin n
nh cc b.
- p dng trong sa cha gia c, thit k thp.
- B rng cnh B2 v b dy t2 tha mn: B2<=B1, t2<=1.2t1, v tha mn iu kin
n nh cc b.
* Tnh ton:
- Thanh c bn xem mc 2.2.2.3.
- Thanh tng cng:
Thanh tng cng
n v
B2
(cm)
t2
A2
Ix2
Iy2
Ix2y2
(cm) (cm2) (cm4)
(cm4)
(cm4)

uov.
- Ta trng tm tit din thanh tng cng trong h trc uov:
U1=-(Cv1+0.5B2), V1=0, X1=Y1=U1/(2)0.5
36
Uo=Svi/Ai=AiUi/Ai, Vo=0, Xo=Yo=Uo/(2)0.5

+ Mmen qun tnh ca tit din thanh tng cng vi h trc xoy qua trng tm
tit din v song song vi h trc xoy.
I'x2=0.5(Ix2+Iy2)+0.5(Ix2-Iy2)cos2 - Ix2y2sin2
I'y2=0.5(Ix2+Iy2)+0.5(Iy2-Ix2)cos2 + Ix2y2sin2
Ixo=Ix1+I'x2+A1(Yo)2+A2(Cy1+0.5B2cos+Yo)2, Iyo=Ixo, ixo=iyo=(Ixo/(A1+A2))0.5
Iuo=Iu1+Iy2, iuo=(Iuo/(A1+A2))0.5
Ivo=Iv1+Iv2+A1(Uo)2+A2((Cv1+0.5B2+Uo)2, ivo=(Ivo/(A1+A2))0.5
Wcv=Ivo/(B1/(2)0.5-Cv1-Uo).
l tng din tch , t l tng kh nng chu lc nh trnh by ti mc 2.2.2.3.
+ Kim tra n nh cc b ca thanh tng cng:
-
B2/t2<=[B2/t2]=(0.36+0.1 l v )(E/f)0.5
O
2.2.2.7. Thm mt na thp hnh I vo sng thanh c bn.
Hnh 2.13
* u im:
- Cc u im nh gii php thm mt thp bn.
37
- So vi gii php thm mt thp bn th bn knh qun tnh cc phng chnh lch
t hn.
* Nhc im:
- B mt n gi c gc lm nn gy hin tng gi xoy, gi lng cc b khi tc
ng vo thanh.
- Phi mt cng gia cng ct gt thanh bng ca thp hnh I.
- p dng trong sa cha gia c thp, thit k thp mi.
- B dy bn bng thp I phi tha mn: d2<=1.2t1
* Tnh ton:
- c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh tng cng I (nguyn):
2A2
(cm2) (cm)
Sx2
Iy2
t2
(cm)
Wy2
Wx2
ix2
(cm) (cm4) (cm3)
(cm)
iy2
Ix2
Ix2y2
(cm3) (cm4) (cm3) (cm) (cm4)
(cm)

uov.
- Khong cch t trng tm na tit din I ti lng thanh thp c bn: a2=Sx2/A2
- Mmen qun tnh ca na tit din I vi h ta a phng.
Ixg=(Ix2-2A2a22)/2, Iyg=0.5Iy2, Ixgyg=0
- Ta trng tm tit din thanh tng cng trong h trc uov:
U1=-(Cv1+a2), V1=0
38

v song song vi h trc xoy.
I'xg=0.5(Ixg+Iyg)+0.5(Ixg-Iyg)cos2-Ixgygsin2
I'yg=0.5(Ixg+Iyg)+0.5(Iyg-Ixg)cos2+Ixgygsin2
Ixo=Ix1+I'xg+A1(Yo)2+A2(Cy1+a2cos+Yo)2,
Iyo=Iy1+I'yg+A1(Xo)2+A2(Cx1+a2sin+Xo)2 ixo=iyo=(Ixo/(A1+A2))0.5
Iuo=Iu1+Iyg, iuo=(Iuo/(A1+A2))0.5
Ivo=Iv1+Ixg+A1(Uo)2+A2((Cv1+a2+Uo)2, ivo=(Ivo/(A1+A2))0.5
Wcv=Ivo/(B1/(2)0.5-Cv1-Uo).
l tng din tch , t l tng kh nng chu lc nh trnh by ti mc 2.2.2.3.
2.2.3. Tng cng tit din cho thanh c bn l thp ng.
2.2.3.1. Thm mt thp bn.
Hnh 2.14
* u im:
- Ch to v thi cng n gin
39
- Tit din phn thp ng kn hon ton, phn thp bn h hon ton d sn ph bo
dng .
* Nhc im:
- Bn knh qun tnh cc phng chnh lch nhau.
- Kh nng chu lc tng hn ch do kh nng tng din tch v gim mnh lu
khng nhiu. khc phc nhc im ny p dng gii php nu ti mc 2.2.3.2
(hnh 2.16).
- p dng sa cha gia c thp, thit k thp mi, thng p dng cho thanh cnh.
- p dng cho thanh cnh th hai thp gc s b tr pha bin ngoi v i xng qua
ng ni trng tm thp vi trng tm thanh cnh (hnh 2.14, 2.15a, b).
- Nu p dng cho thanh bng th b tr nh hnh 2.15c.
- B rng B2 v b dy t2 tha mn: t2<=1.2t1, tha mn iu kin n nh cc b
Hnh 2.15
* Tnh ton:
+ c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh.
Thanh
c bn
n v
A1
D1
d1
(cm2) (cm) (cm)
t1
Ix1,Iy1,Iu1,Iv1
(cm)
(cm4)
Wx1,Wy1,
Wu1,Wv1
(cm3)
ix1,iy1
(cm4) (cm)
40
Thanh tng cng

n v
A2
(cm2)
t2
B2
Ix2
Iy2
Ix2y2
(cm) (cm)
(cm4)
(cm4)
(cm4)

uov.
- Ta trng tm tit din thanh tng cng trong h trc xoy, uov:
U1=-0.5(D1+B2), V1=0, X1=Y1=U1/(2)0.5
- Ta trng tm ca tit din thanh ghp trong h trc xoy, uov:
v song song vi h trc xoy.
I'x2=0.5(Ix2+Iy2)+0.5(Ix2-Iy2)cos2-Ix2y2sin2
I'y2=0.5(Ix2+Iy2)+0.5(Iy2-Ix2)cos2+Ix2y2sin2
Iuo=Iu1+Iy2, iuo=(Iuo/(A1+A2))0.5
Ivo=Iv1+A1(Uo)2+Ix2+A2(U1-Uo)2, ivo=(Ivo/(A1+A2))0.5,
Wcv=Ivo/(0.5D1-Uo)
+ mnh ca thanh c bn: lx=ly=lo/ix1, l max=lx(f/E)0.5

+ Kh nng chu lc ca thanh c bn: [N1]=A1fjminc
+ mnh ca thanh ghp.
-
lxo=lyo=lo/ixo, luo=lo/iuo, lvo=lo/ivo , l uo=luo(f/E)0.5, l vo=lvo(f/E)0.5

+ Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp.
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp trong mt phng un u-u (tnh vi trc vo):
41
[Nu]=(A1+A2)fjec
Trong :
-
je l h ph thuc mnh quy c l vo=lvo(f/E)0.5 trong mt phng tc dng ca

m men v lch tm tnh i me=hmv
do:
h=1.35-0.05mv - 0.01(5-mv) l vo
mv l lch tm tng i trong mt phng u-u, mv=e(A1+A2)/Wcv

e=M2/N=ao/(1+Iv1/Ivo), M2 l m men trong mt phng u-u ti u thanh ghp.
M2 =M/(1+Iv1/Ivo)=aoN/(1+Iv1/Ivo)
ao l lch trng tm tit din trc v sau tng cng trong mt phng u-u,
ao=/Uo/
M l m men un do lch trng tm ti nt thay i tit din , M=Nao
Iv1, Ivo l m men qun tnh i vi trc v, vo (vung gc vi trc u) ca tit din
Wcv l m men chng un ca tit din tnh cho th chu nn ln nht.
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp trong mt phng vo-vo:
[Nv]=(A1+A2)fcjuc
Trong :
u l h s un dc ca thanh trong mt phng vo-vo vung gc vi mt phng tc
dng ca m men u-u.
c: h s k n nh hng ca m men un v hnh dng tit din i vi n
nh ca thanh trong mt phng vo-vo vung gc vi mt phng tc dng ca m
men u-u. Khi mv <=5 c c=b/(1+amv), b v a l cc h s ph thuc hnh dng tit
din (tra bng D9 ph lc D ca [7]).
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp: [N2]= min([Nu], [Nv])
42
+ Kim tra n nh cc b ca thanh tng cng:

-
B2/t2<=[B2/t2]=(0.36+0.1 l vo)(E/f)0.5
+ T l tng din tch a = A2/A1
+ T l tng kh nng chu lc b = ([N2]-[N1])/[N1]
2.2.3.2. Thm hai thp bn.
Hnh 2.16
* u im:
- Cc u im nh gii php nu ti mc 2.2.3.1, ngoi ra gii php ny c bn knh
qun tnh cc phng tng chnh lch t, din tch tng nhiu hn.
* Nhc im:
- Cc nhc im nh gii php nu ti mc 2.2.3.1, ngoi ra gii php ny c mt
nhc im na l s lng ng hn nhiu hn.
- Nh gii php nu ti mc 2.2.3.1, vi thanh cnh b tr nh hnh 2.16, 2.17a,
2.17b.
Hnh 2.17
43
* Tnh ton:
+ c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh:
- Thanh tng cng:
Thanh tng cng
n v
A2
(cm2)
t2
B2
(cm) (cm)
Ix2
Iy2
Ix2y2
(cm4)
(cm4)
(cm4)

uov.
X1=-0.5(D1+B2), Y1=0, X2=Y1=0, Y2=X1
- Ta trng tm ca thanh ghp trong h trc xoy, uov:
Xo=Yo=Sxi/Ai=AiYi/Ai, Uo=Xo(2)0.5, Vo=0
+ Mmen qun tnh ca tit din thanh tng cng vi h trc u'o'v' qua trng tm
v song song vi uov:
I'u2=0.5(Ix2+Iy2)+0.5(Ix2-Iy2)cos2-Ix2y2sin2
I'v2=0.5(Ix2+Iy2)+0.5(Iy2-Ix2)cos2+Ix2y2sin2
- c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh ghp.
Iyo=Ixo=Ix1+Ix2+Iy2+A1(Yo)2+A2((Y1-Yo)2+(Y2-Yo)2), ixo=iyo=(Ixo/(A1+2A2))0.5
Iuo=Iu1+I'u1+I'u2+A2(X12 +Y22) (sin)2, iuo=(Iuo/(A1+2A2))0.5.
Ivo=Iv1+A1(Uo)2+I'v1+I'v2+A2((X1cos-Uo)2 +(Y2cos-Uo)2), ivo=(Ivo/(A1+2A2))0.5
Wcv=Ivo/(0.5D1-Uo).
l tng kh nng chu lc tnh nh mc 2.2.3.1. Trong trng hp ny:
- lch tm tng i trong mt phng u-u, mv=e(A1+2A2)/Wcv
44
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp trong mt phng un u-u:

[Nu]=(A1+2A2)fjec
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp trong mt phng vo-vo:
[Nv]=(A1+2A2)fcjuc
+ T l tng din tch a = 2A2/A1
2.2.3.3. Thm mt thp gc u cnh.
Hnh 2.18
* u im:
- Din tch n gi ca thanh gn nh khng thay i.
- Bn knh qun tnh cc phng khng chnh lch nhiu. Khng tn cng gia cng
ch to, thi cng d. S lng ng hn t v xa nhau.
* Nhc im:
- Kh m bo sau khuych i tit din kn hon ton, nc v hi m c th ng
li ti phn h gia cc thanh.
- Din tch thanh sau khuych i khng nhiu. Khc phc nhc im ny bng
vic s dng hai thp gc (xem gii php hnh 2.20).
- p dng trong sa cha gia c thp.
45
- p dng cho thanh cnh th thp gc s b tr pha bin ngoi v i xng qua
- p dng cho thanh bng th thp gc s t pha trn i xng qua trc ng y-y
(hnh 2.19c). Khi cn to mt phng lm sn cng tc th cnh thanh tng cng
s t nm ngang nh hnh 2.19d.
- B rng cnh B2 v b dy t2 tha mn: B2<=0.5D1, t2<=1.2t1.
Hnh 2.19
* Tnh ton:
- Thanh c bn xem mc 2.2.3.1
- Thanh tng cng:
Thanh tng
cng
Thanh tng
cng
A2
(cm2)
ix2,iy2
(cm)
B2
(cm)
Iu2
(cm4)
t2
(cm)
iu2
(cm)
Cx2,Cy2
(cm)
Iv2
(cm4)
Cu2
(cm)
iv2
(cm)
Cv2
(cm)
r
(cm)
Ix2,Iy2
(cm4)
l
(cm)

- Gi thit h trc ta ban u trng h trc ta ca thanh c bn xoy, uov.
Khong cch t trc x, y n u cnh thp gc.
s=0.5D1sin(45-arcsin(20.5 (B2-t2-r)/D1))-r.
X1=-(s+A2-Cy2), Y1=X1
46

+ c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh ghp: Ixo=Ix1+Ixg+A1(Yo)2+A2(Y1-Yo)2
Iyo=Ixo, ixo=iyo=(Ixo/(A1+A2))0.5, Iuo=Iu1+Iu2, iuo=(Iuo/(A1+A2))0.5 .
Ivo=Iv1+A1(Uo)2+Iv2+A2((B2+s)20.5-Cv2+Uo)2, ivo=(Ivo/(A1+A2))0.5
Wcv=Ivo/(0.5D1-Uo).
l tng din tch, t l tng kh nng chu lc tnh nh mc 2.2.3.1
2.2.3.4. Thm hai thp gc u cnh.
Hnh 2.20
* u im:
- Cc u im nh gii php thm mt thp gc, ngoi ra gii php ny lm bn
knh qun tnh cc phng khng chnh lch nhau nhiu, din tch tng nhiu hn.
* Nhc im:
- Cc nhc im nh gii php khuych i bng mt thp gc, thm mt nhc
im na l s lng ng hn nhiu hn.
- p dng trong sa cha gia c thp, thng p dng cho thanh cnh v thanh
bng ngang.
47
- p dng cho thanh cnh th hai thp gc s b tr pha bin ngoi v i xng qua
- p dng cho thanh bng ngang lm sn cng tc b tr i xng hai thp gc ln
pha trn (hnh 2.21c).
- B rng cnh B2 v b dy t2 tha mn: B2<=(0.5D1-1.5)cm, t2<=1.2t1.
Hnh 2.21
* Tnh ton:
- Thanh tng cng xem mc 2.2.3.3
- Khong cch t trc u, v n u cnh thp gc:
s=0.5D1sin(45-arcsin(20.5 (B2-t2-r)/D1))-r
X1=0, Y1=-((B2+s)20.5-Cv2), X2=Y1, Y2=X1
Iyo=Ixo=Ix1+Iu2+Iv2+A1(Yo)2+A2((Y1-Yo)2+(Y2-Yo)2), ixo=iyo=(Ixo/(A1+2A2))0.5
Iuo=Iu1+2Ix2+2A2(B2+s-Cy2)2, iuo=(Iuo/(A1+2A2))0.5
48
Ivo=Iv+A1(Uo)2+2Ix2+2A2(B2+s-Cv2+Uo)2, ivo=(Ivo/(A1+2A2))0.5
Wcv=Ivo/(0.5D1-Uo).
l tng kh nng chu lc tnh nh mc 2.2.3.1.
Trong trng hp ny:
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp trong mt phng un u-u: [Nu]=(A1+2A2)fjec
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp trong mt phng v-v: [Nv]=(A1+2A2)fcjuc
2.2.3.5. Thm mt na thp hnh I.
Hnh 2.22
+ u im:
- Tit din thanh h hon ton d sn ph bo dng.
- Cu to n gin, t ng hn, t b gim yu.
+ Nhc im:
- Din tch n gi ca thanh tng, b mt n gi c gc lm nn gy hin tng
gi xoy, gi lng cc b khi tc ng vo thanh.
49
- Tn cng gia cng ct gt bng thp hnh I.

- Gy lch tm tit din thanh ghp.
+ Phm vi v iu kin p dng:
- p dng trong sa cha gia c thp.
- B tr trn mt bng nh hnh 2.22, 2.23a, b.
Hnh 2.23
* Tnh ton
- c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh tng cng I (nguyn):
Thanh tng cng
n v
Thanh tng cng
n v
A2
t2
d2
Ix2
Wx2
(cm )
(cm)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm )
(cm3)
ix2
Sx2
Iy2
Wy2
iy2
(cm)
(cm3)
(cm4)
(cm3)
(cm)

- Khong cch t trng tm na thp hnh I ti bin thp ng l: a2=Sx2/A2
- Mmen qun tnh ca na tit din I vi h ta a phng:
- Ta trng tm tit din thanh tng cng trong h uov: U1= - (0.5D1+a2), V1=0.
50

+ Mmen qun tnh ca tit din thanh tng cng vi h trc uov qua trng tm
tit din v song song vi h trc uov.
I'xg=0.5(Ixg+Iyg)+0.5(Ixg-Iyg)cos2-Ixgygsin2
I'yg=0.5(Ixg+Iyg)+0.5(Iyg-Ixg)cos2+Ixgygsin2
Iyo=Ixo=Ix1+Ixg+A1(Yo)2+A2(U1cos-Uo)2, ixo=iyo=(Ixo/(A1+A2))0.5
Iuo=Iu1+Iyg, iuo=(Iuo/(A1+A2))0.5
Ivo=Iv1+A1(Uo)2+Ixg+A2(U1-Uo)2, ivo=(Ivo/(A1+A2))0.5,
Wcv=Ivo/(0.5D1-Uo).
l tng din tch, t l tng kh nng chu lc tnh nh mc 2.2.3.1.
2.2.3.6. Thm hai na thp hnh I.
Hnh 2.24
+ u im:
- Cc u im nh gii php thm mt na thp hnh I, ngoi ra cn c kh nng
tng mt lng ln din tch mt ct, bn knh qun tnh cc phng chnh lch t.
+ Nhc im:
- Cc nhc im nh gii php thm mt na thp hnh I, ngoi ra gii php ny
c s lng ng hn nhiu hn
51
+ Phm vi v iu kin p dng:

- p dng trong sa cha gia c thp, thng p dng cho thanh cnh.
- p dng cho thanh cnh th hai na thp hnh I s b tr pha bin ngoi v i
xng qua ng ni trng tm thp vi trng tm thanh cnh (hnh 2.24, 2.25a, b).
Hnh 2.25
* Tnh ton
- Thanh tng cng xem mc 2.2.3.5
- Khong cch t trng tm na thp hnh I ti bin thp ng l: a2=Sx2/A2
- Mmen qun tnh ca na tit din I vi h ta a phng.
- Ta trng tm tit din thanh tng cng trong h xoy:
X1= - (0.5D1+a), Y1=0, X2=Y1=0, Y2=X1.
Xo=Yo=Sxi/Ai=AiYi/Ai, Uo=Xo(2)0.5, Vo=0.
+ Mmen qun tnh ca tit din thanh tng cng vi h trc uov qua trng tm
tit din thanh ghp v song song vi h trc uov.
52
I'ug=0.5(Ixg+Iyg)+0.5(Ixg-Iyg)cos2-Ixgygsin2
I'vg=0.5(Ixg+Iyg)+0.5(Iyg-Ixg)cos2+Ixgygsin2
Iyo=Ixo=Ix1+Ixg+Iyg+A1(Yo)2+A2((Y1-Yo)2+(Y2-Yo)2), ixo=iyo=(Ixo/(A1+2A2))0.5
Iuo=Iu1+I'ug1+I'ug2+A2(X12 + Y22 ) (sin)2, iuo=(Iuo/(A1+2A2)0.5
Ivo=Iv1+A1(Uo)2+I'vg1+I'vg2+A2((X1cos(0.5)-Uo)2+(Y2cos(0.5)-Uo)2),
ivo=(Ivo/(A1+2A2))0.5 , Wcv=Ivo/(0.5D1-Uo).
l tng kh nng chu lc tnh nh mc 2.2.3.1.
Trong trng hp ny:
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp trong mt phng un u-u:
[Nu]=(A1+2A2)fjec
- Kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp trong mt phng vo-vo: [Nv]=(A1+2A2)fcjuc
2.3. KT LUN CHNG II.
- Ni dung nu cc c s l thuyt, cc tiu ch i vi gii php tng cng tit
din, xut cc gii php tng cng tit din v tnh ton kh nng chu lc cho
- Vi thanh ghp, vic quan trng nht l xc nh c cc c trng hnh hc ca
tit din thanh, cn c vo cc thng s xc nh kh nng chu lc.
- Xc nh kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp nh vi thanh chu nn lch tm c
mt trc i xng.
53
TI: LA CHN GII PHP TNG CNG TIT DIN THANH CNH THP THP DNG DN .
Chng III
MT S KHO ST BNG S V HIU QU TNG CNG
TIT DIN THANH CNH THP THP DNG DN.
3.1.TNG CNG TIT DIN CHO THANH C BN L THP GC
U CNH.
3.1.1.Thm mt thp gc u cnh, hn sng thanh tng cng vo sng thanh
c bn hoc m lin kt l thp gc u cnh, dng lin kt hn hoc bu lng.
Hnh 3.1
1.c trng vt liu:
Loi thp
E
fu
fy
fv
(daN/cm2) (daN/cm2) (daN/cm2) (daN/cm2) (daN/cm2)
CT34
2E+06 3450
2300
2100
2.c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh:
Thanh c bn
A1
B1
t1
Cx1,Cy1
(cm2) (cm)
(cm)
(cm)
L150x10
29.3
15
1
4.03
Thanh c bn
Ix1,Iy1 ix1,iy1
Iu1
iu1
(cm4) (cm) (cm4) (cm)
L150x10
624
4.62
990
5.82
Tit din thanh

tng cng
L40x4
L45x4
L50x5
L60x6
L70x7
A2
(cm2)
3.08
3.49
4.8
6.91
9.4
B2
(cm)
4
4.5
5
6
7
t2
(cm)
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
1250
0.95
Cu1
Cv1
(cm)
10.61
Iv1
(cm4)
258
(cm)
5.7
iv1
(cm)
2.97
l
(cm)
300
Cx2,Cy2 Cu2
(cm)
(cm)
1.12
2.83
1.23
3.18
1.4
3.54
1.69
4.24
1.97
4.95
Cv2
(cm)
1.58
1.75
1.99
2.39
2.79
Ix2,Iy2
(cm4)
4.47
6.43
11
22.8
42.3
54
L80x8
12.3
8
0.8
2.26
5.66
3.19
L90x9
15.5
9
0.9
2.54
6.36
3.59
L100x10
19.2
10
1
2.82
7.07
3.99
L125x10
24.2
12.5
1
3.44
8.84
4.86
L150x10
29.3
15
1
4.03
10.61
5.7
Iu2
iu2
Iv2
iv2
l
Tit din thanh ix2,iy2
tng cng
(cm) (cm4) (cm) (cm4) (cm)
(cm)
L40x4
1.21
7.09
1.52
1.86
0.777
300
L45x4
1.36
10.2
1.71
2.68
0.876
300
L50x5
1.51
17.4
1.9
4.55
0.973
300
L60x6
1.82
36.1
2.29
9.55
1.17
300
L70x7
2.12
67.1
2.67
17.5
1.36
300
L80x8
2.43
115
3.06
29.9
1.56
300
L90x9
2.73
168
3.44
47.9
1.76
300
L100x10
3.04
280
3.83
73
1.95
300
L125x10
3.84
565
4.83
146
2.46
300
L150x10
4.62
990
5.82
258
2.97
300
3.Tnh ton:
Tnh ton nh trnh by ti chng II, kt qu lp thnh bng sau:
Loi thanh
A1
lo
ix1,iy1
iu1
iv1
C bn (Cb) (cm2)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm) (cm)
L150x10
29.3
1.0
300
4.62
5.82
2.97
Loi thanh
lx=ly
lu
lv
lqumax jmin
[N1]
C bn (Cb)
(kN)
L150x10
64.94 51.55 101.0
3.19
0.583 34.10
Loi thanh
A1+A2
lo
X1
Y1
U1
(cm2)
(cm)
Cb+L40x4
32.38
1
300
-5.15 -5.15 -7.28
Cb+L45x4
32.79
1
300
-5.26 -5.26 -7.44
Cb+L50x5
34.1
1
300
-5.43 -5.43 -7.68
Cb+L60x6
36.21
1
300
-5.72 -5.72 -8.09
Cb+L70x7
38.7
1
300
-6.00 -6.00 -8.49
Cb+L80x8
41.6
1
300
-6.29 -6.29 -8.90
Cb+L90x9
44.8
1
300
-6.57 -6.57 -9.29
Cb+L100x10
48.5
1
300
-6.85 -6.85 -9.69
Cb+L125x10
53.5
1
300
-7.47 -7.47 -10.56
Cb+L150x10
58.6
1
300
-8.06 -8.06 -11.40
72.2
116
177
356
624
V1
X0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.49
-0.56
-0.76
-1.09
-1.46
-1.86
-2.27
-2.71
-3.38
-4.03
55
Loi thanh
Y0
U0
V0
Ixo,Iyo
Iuo
Ivo
(cm4)
997.1
1000.2
1007.4
1026.1
1057.1
1105.0
1158.0
1270.0
1555.0
1980.0
lvoqu
2.67
2.61
2.46
2.27
2.10
1.96
1.85
1.75
1.60
1.48
[Nu]
(kN)
44.1
44.7
46.1
48.3
50.5
53.2
55.1
58.0
62.1
66.4
-0.69
-0.79
-1.08
-1.54
-2.06
-2.63
-3.21
-3.83
-4.78
-5.70
lxo,
lyo
64.41
64.68
65.79
67.29
68.75
70.02
70.82
71.21
68.09
63.57
h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
luo
Cb+L40x4
Cb+L45x4
Cb+L50x5
Cb+L60x6
Cb+L70x7
Cb+L80x8
Cb+L90x9
Cb+L100x10
Cb+L125x10
Cb+L150x10
Loi thanh
-0.49
-0.56
-0.76
-1.09
-1.46
-1.86
-2.27
-2.71
-3.38
-4.03
ivo
(cm)
3.55
3.63
3.85
4.18
4.51
4.84
5.13
5.41
5.93
6.43
mv
(cm4)
702.4
705.5
709.1
719.8
736.9
763.7
803.9
860.8
1038.6
1305.1
lvo
54.1
54.3
55.2
56.4
57.4
58.2
59.0
58.6
55.6
51.6
me
84.5
82.5
77.9
71.7
66.5
62.0
58.4
55.5
50.6
46.7
je
Cb+L40x4
Cb+L45x4
Cb+L50x5
Cb+L60x6
Cb+L70x7
Cb+L80x8
Cb+L90x9
Cb+L100x10
Cb+L125x10
Cb+L150x10
0.19
0.21
0.29
0.40
0.53
0.67
0.81
0.97
1.16
1.32
0.89
0.89
0.88
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.87
0.17
0.19
0.25
0.35
0.46
0.58
0.71
0.84
1.01
1.15
0.683
0.684
0.678
0.669
0.654
0.641
0.616
0.599
0.582
0.568
Cb+L40x4
Cb+L45x4
Cb+L50x5
Cb+L60x6
Cb+L70x7
Cb+L80x8
Cb+L90x9
Cb+L100x10
Cb+L125x10
Cb+L150x10
Loi thanh
(cm4)
407.7
433.2
505.8
633.4
787.9
973.4
1181.0
1419.5
1883.1
2419.4
Wcv
(cm3)
72.8
76.0
84.5
98.2
113.1
129.2
145.4
162.4
194.4
228.1
lc
ixo,iyo
(cm)
4.66
4.64
4.56
4.46
4.36
4.28
4.24
4.21
4.41
4.72
ao
(cm)
0.69
0.79
1.08
1.54
2.06
2.63
3.21
3.83
4.78
5.70
luoqu
iuo
(cm)
5.55
5.52
5.44
5.32
5.23
5.15
5.08
5.12
5.39
5.81
e
(cm)
0.42
0.50
0.72
1.10
1.55
2.08
2.64
3.25
4.20
5.15
ju
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
1.71
1.72
1.75
1.78
1.82
1.84
1.87
1.85
1.76
1.63
0.849
0.848
0.844
0.839
0.835
0.832
0.828
0.830
0.843
0.859
56
Loi thanh
[Nv]
(kN)
48.5
48.3
47.8
47.3
47.0
47.0
47.2
47.8
49.4
51.6
[N2]
(kN)
44.1
44.7
46.1
47.3
47.0
47.0
47.2
47.8
49.4
51.6
Cb+L40x4
1
0.70
0.88
Cb+L45x4
1
0.70
0.87
Cb+L50x5
1
0.70
0.83
Cb+L60x6
1
0.70
0.78
Cb+L70x7
1
0.70
0.73
Cb+L80x8
1
0.70
0.68
Cb+L90x9
1
0.70
0.64
Cb+L100x10
1
0.70
0.60
Cb+L125x10
1
0.71
0.55
Cb+L150x10
1
0.72
0.51
+ Ghi ch:
- B rng bn m bng b rng cnh ca thanh ghp.
b/a
0.105
0.119
0.164
0.236
0.321
0.420
0.529
0.655
0.826
1.000
0.294
0.312
0.353
0.386
0.378
0.378
0.383
0.403
0.450
0.513
2.80
2.62
2.15
1.64
1.18
0.90
0.72
0.61
0.55
0.51
Hnh 3.2
4. Nhn xt.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc b kh ln c th p dng trong thc t.
- Khi tng a trong khong a<=24% th b tng kh nhanh, t l tng kh nng chu lc
b kh ln so vi t l tng din tch a ( b/a > 1.64), gii php t hiu qu cao. Khi a
tng trong khong 24%-:-50% th b gim dn. Khi tng a > 50% th b tng ln nhng
tng khng nhiu, t l b/a<1.
- Khi a tng ln th t l b/a gim dn, gii php t hiu qu thp khi a >24%.
3.1.2.Thm mt thp gc u cnh, m lin kt l thp bn, lin kt hn hoc
bu lng.
57
- Trong tm=t2
Hnh 3.3
1. c trng vt liu: xem mc 3.1.1.
2. c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh: xem mc 3.1.1.
3.Tnh ton:
Tnh ton nh trnh by ti chng II, kt qu lp thnh bng sau.
Loi thanh
A1
lo
ix1,iy1
iu1
iv1
C bn (Cb) (cm2)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm) (cm)
L150x10
29.3
1.0
300
4.62
5.82
2.97
Loi thanh
lx=ly
lu
lv
lqumax jmin
[N1]
C bn (Cb)
(kN)
L150x10
64.94 51.55 101.0
3.19
0.583 34.10
Loi thanh
Cb+L40x4
Cb+L45x4
Cb+L50x5
Cb+L60x6
Cb+L70x7
Cb+L80x8
Cb+L90x9
Cb+L100x10
Cb+L125x10
Cb+L150x10
Loi thanh
A1+A2
(cm2)
32.38
32.79
34.10
36.21
38.70
41.60
44.80
48.50
53.50
58.60
Y0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
U0
lo
(cm)
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
V0
X1
Y1
U1
V1
X0
-5.55
-5.66
-5.93
-6.32
-6.7
-7.09
-7.47
-7.85
-8.47
-9.06
-5.55
-5.66
-5.93
-6.32
-6.70
-7.09
-7.47
-7.85
-8.47
-9.06
-7.85
-8.00
-8.39
-8.94
-9.48
-10.03
-10.56
-11.10
-11.98
-12.81
Ixo,Iyo
Iuo
Ivo
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ixo,iyo
(cm)
-0.53
-0.60
-0.83
-1.21
-1.63
-2.10
-2.58
-3.11
-3.83
-4.53
iuo
(cm)
(cm4)
(cm4) (cm4)
58
Cb+L40x4
Cb+L45x4
Cb+L50x5
Cb+L60x6
Cb+L70x7
Cb+L80x8
Cb+L90x9
Cb+L100x10
Cb+L125x10
Cb+L150x10
Loi thanh
-0.75
-0.85
-1.18
-1.71
-2.30
-2.96
-3.66
-4.39
-5.42
-6.41
lxo,
lyo
63.87
64.14
65.15
66.56
67.98
69.23
70.05
70.49
67.58
63.22
h
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
luo
714.3
717.4
723.1
735.5
753.7
781.2
821.7
878.4
1054.4
1319.4
lvo
997.1
1000.2
1007.4
1026.1
1057.1
1105.0
1158.0
1270.0
1555.0
1980.0
lvoqu
Cb+L40x4
Cb+L45x4
Cb+L50x5
Cb+L60x6
Cb+L70x7
Cb+L80x8
Cb+L90x9
Cb+L100x10
Cb+L125x10
Cb+L150x10
Loi thanh
-0.528
-0.60
-0.83
-1.21
-1.63
-2.10
-2.58
-3.11
-3.83
-4.53
ivo
(cm)
3.65
3.75
4.03
4.44
4.86
5.28
5.66
6.02
6.56
7.06
mv
54.1
54.3
55.2
56.4
57.4
58.2
59.0
58.6
55.6
51.6
me
82.2
80.1
74.5
67.5
61.7
56.8
53.0
49.8
45.7
42.5
je
Cb+L40x4
Cb+L45x4
Cb+L50x5
Cb+L60x6
Cb+L70x7
Cb+L80x8
Cb+L90x9
Cb+L100x10
Cb+L125x10
Cb+L150x10
Loi thanh
0.20
0.22
0.30
0.42
0.55
0.69
0.83
0.98
1.17
1.34
b
0.88
0.88
0.88
0.87
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.86
0.87
a
0.18
0.20
0.26
0.36
0.47
0.59
0.71
0.85
1.01
1.16
c
0.70
0.88
0.690
0.691
0.688
0.684
0.670
0.654
0.637
0.616
0.599
0.582
[Nv]
(kN)
48.2
2.60
2.53
2.36
2.14
1.95
1.80
1.67
1.57
1.45
1.34
[Nu]
(kN)
44.6
45.2
46.8
49.4
51.7
54.3
56.9
59.6
63.9
68.0
[N2]
(kN)
44.6
Cb+L40x4
431.6
460.5
552.6
714.2
914.4
1158.9
1437.2
1760.5
2305.6
2921.0
Wcv
(cm3)
76.3
80.0
90.8
108.0
126.9
147.2
167.9
189.3
223.3
258.2
lc
4.70
4.68
4.61
4.51
4.41
4.33
4.28
4.26
4.44
4.74
ao
(cm)
0.75
0.85
1.18
1.71
2.30
2.96
3.66
4.39
5.42
6.41
luoqu
5.55
5.52
5.44
5.32
5.23
5.15
5.08
5.12
5.39
5.81
e
(cm)
0.47
0.55
0.80
1.25
1.80
2.42
3.10
3.83
4.87
5.89
ju
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
a
1.71
1.72
1.75
1.78
1.82
1.84
1.87
1.85
1.76
1.63
b
0.849
0.848
0.844
0.839
0.835
0.832
0.828
0.830
0.843
0.859
b/a
0.11
0.307
2.92
59
Cb+L45x4
1
0.70
0.86
Cb+L50x5
1
0.70
0.83
Cb+L60x6
1
0.70
0.77
Cb+L70x7
1
0.70
0.72
Cb+L80x8
1
0.70
0.68
Cb+L90x9
1
0.70
0.63
Cb+L100x10
1
0.70
0.59
Cb+L125x10
1
0.71
0.55
Cb+L150x10
1
0.72
0.51
+ th quan h a-b xem hnh 3.4
48.0
47.4
46.9
46.6
46.6
46.9
47.6
49.2
51.3
45.2
46.8
46.9
46.6
46.6
46.9
47.6
49.2
51.3
0.12
0.16
0.24
0.32
0.42
0.53
0.66
0.83
1.00
0.326
0.373
0.374
0.367
0.368
0.375
0.395
0.444
0.505
2.73
2.28
1.59
1.14
0.88
0.71
0.60
0.54
0.51
Hnh 3.4
4. Nhn xt.
- Khi tng a trong khong a < = 16% th b tng nhanh, t l tng kh nng chu lc b
kh ln so vi t l tng din tch a (b/a > 2) , gii php t hiu qu cao. Khi tng a
trong khong 16% -:- 24% th b tng rt t. Khi tng a trong khong 24% -:- 50% th
b c xu hng gim. Khi tng a > 50% th b tng nhng tng t, t l b/a<1.
3.1.3.Thm mt thanh thp bn vo sng ca thanh c bn.
Hnh 3.5
60

A1
B1
t1
Cx1,Cy1
Tit din
Thanh c bn (cm2) (cm)
(cm)
(cm)
L150x10
29.3
15
1
4.03
ix1,iy1
Iu1
iu1
Iv1
Tit din
Thanh c bn (cm) (cm4) (cm) (cm4)
L150x10
4.62
990
5.82
258
Tit din thanh
tng cng
.
-t2xB2xl
B2
(cm)
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
t2
(cm)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
A2
(cm2)
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
Ix2
(cm4)
2.3
10.4
28.6
60.8
110.9
183.1
281.3
Cu1
Cv1
Ix1,Iy1
(cm)
10.61
iv1
(cm)
2.97
(cm)
5.7
l
(cm)
300
(cm4)
624
Iy2
Ix2y2
(cm4) (cm4)
0.25
0.00
0.42
0.00
0.58
0.00
0.75
0.00
0.92
0.00
1.08
0.00
1.25
0.00
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
l
(cm)
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
3.Tnh ton:
Loi thanh
A1
lo
ix1,iy1
iu1
iv1
C bn (Cb) (cm2)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm) (cm)
L150x10
29.3
1.0
300
4.62
5.82
2.97
Loi thanh
lx=ly
lu
lv
lqumax jmin
[N1]
C bn (Cb)
(kN)
L150x10
64.94 51.55 101.0
3.19
0.583 34.10
A1+A2
(cm2)
Cb+(-10x30xl)
32.3
Cb+(-10x50xl)
34.3
Cb+(-10x70xl)
36.3
Cb+(-10x90xl)
38.3
Cb+(-10x110xl) 40.3
Cb+(-10x130xl) 42.3
Cb+(-10x150xl) 44.3
Loi thanh
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
lo
(cm)
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
X1
Y1
U1
V1
X0
-5.09
-5.80
-6.51
-7.21
-7.92
-8.63
-9.33
-5.09
-5.80
-6.51
-7.21
-7.92
-8.63
-9.33
-7.20
-8.20
-9.20
-10.20
-11.20
-12.20
-13.20
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.47
-0.85
-1.25
-1.69
-2.16
-2.65
-3.16
61
Loi thanh
Y0
U0
Cb+(-10x30xl)
Cb+(-10x50xl)
Cb+(-10x70xl)
Cb+(-10x90xl)
Cb+(-10x110xl)
Cb+(-10x130xl)
Cb+(-10x150xl)
Loi thanh
-0.67
-1.20
-1.77
-2.40
-3.06
-3.75
-4.47
ivo
(cm)
3.52
4.02
4.59
5.20
5.84
6.49
7.15
mv
Cb+(-10x30xl)
Cb+(-10x50xl)
Cb+(-10x70xl)
Cb+(-10x90xl)
Cb+(-10x110xl)
Cb+(-10x130xl)
Cb+(-10x150xl)
Loi thanh
-0.47
-0.85
-1.25
-1.69
-2.16
-2.65
-3.16
iuo
(cm)
5.54
5.37
5.22
5.09
4.96
4.84
4.73
e
(cm)
0.41
0.82
1.33
1.92
2.57
3.28
4.01
ju
Cb+(-10x30xl)
Cb+(-10x50xl)
Cb+(-10x70xl)
Cb+(-10x90xl)
Cb+(-10x110xl)
Cb+(-10x130xl)
Cb+(-10x150xl)
0.85
0.84
0.83
0.83
0.82
0.81
0.81
Cb+(-10x30xl)
Cb+(-10x50xl)
Cb+(-10x70xl)
Cb+(-10x90xl)
Cb+(-10x110xl)
Cb+(-10x130xl)
Cb+(-10x150xl)
Loi thanh
V0
I'x2,I'y2
(cm4)
0
1.2
0
5.4
0
14.6
0
30.7
0
55.9
0
92.1
0
141.2
lxo,lyo luo
Ixo,Iyo
(cm4)
695.8
773.0
877.7
1013.0
1181.7
1386.4
1629.9
lvo
Iuo
(cm4)
990.3
990.4
990.6
990.8
990.9
991.1
991.3
lvoqu
2.69
2.36
2.07
1.82
1.63
1.46
1.33
[Nu]
(kN)
43.3
46.9
50.2
53.9
56.0
59.2
62.4
[N2]
(kN)
43.3
46.9
46.7
46.4
46.5
46.7
47.2
64.6
63.2
61.0
58.3
55.4
52.4
49.5
h
54.2
55.8
57.4
59.0
60.5
62.0
63.42
me
85.1
74.5
65.4
57.7
51.4
46.2
41.93
je
0.18
0.31
0.42
0.52
0.60
0.67
0.73
b
0.89
0.88
0.87
0.86
0.85
0.85
0.84
a
0.16
0.27
0.36
0.44
0.51
0.57
0.62
c
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.89
0.82
0.77
0.73
0.70
0.68
0.66
0.672
0.685
0.693
0.706
0.697
0.702
0.706
[Nv]
(kN)
48.5
47.4
46.7
46.4
46.5
46.7
47.2
Ivo
ixo,iyo
(cm4) (cm)
401.3 4.64
555.6 4.75
764.8 4.92
1035.1 5.14
1372.1 5.41
1781.3 5.73
2267.9 6.07
Wcv
ao
(cm3) (cm)
72.0
0.67
91.1
1.20
114.5 1.77
141.7 2.40
172.3 3.06
205.8 3.75
241.9 4.47
lc
luoqu
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
B2/t2
1.71
1.77
1.82
1.87
1.91
1.96
2.01
[B2/t2]
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
19.90
18.84
17.92
17.15
16.53
16.01
15.58
62
Loi thanh
a
b
b/a
Cb+(-10x30xl) 0.102 0.270
2.64
Cb+(-10x50xl) 0.171 0.375
2.20
Cb+(-10x70xl) 0.239 0.370
1.55
Cb+(-10x90xl) 0.307 0.362
1.18
Cb+(-10x110xl) 0.375 0.363
0.97
Cb+(-10x130xl) 0.444 0.371
0.84
Cb+(-10x150xl) 0.512 0.384
0.75
Hnh 3.6
4. Nhn xt.
- Khi tng a trong khong a<=17% th b tng rt nhanh, t l tng kh nng chu lc
b kh ln so vi t l tng din tch a ( b/a>2), gii php t hiu qu cao. Khi a tng
khong 17% -:- 40% th b gim dn. Khi tng a > 40% th b tng ln nhng khng
ng k, t l b/a<1.
3.1.4.Thm mt na thp hnh I vo sng thanh c bn.
Hnh 3.7
Tit din
A1
B1
t1
Cx1,Cy1
Thanh c bn
(cm2) (cm)
(cm)
(cm)
L150x10
29.3
15
1
4.03
Tit din
ix1,iy1
Iu1
iu1
Iv1
Thanh c bn
(cm) (cm4) (cm) (cm4)
L150x10
4.62
990
5.82
258
Cu1
Cv1
(cm)
10.61
iv1
(cm)
2.97
(cm)
5.7
l
(cm)
300
Ix1,Iy1
(cm4)
624
63
Tit din thanh 2A2

h
t2
d2
Ix2
Wx2
tng cng
(cm2) (cm)
(cm)
(cm) (cm4) (cm3)
I10 nguyn
12
10
0.45
0.72
198
39.7
I12 nguyn
14.7
12
0.73
0.48
350
58.4
I14 nguyn
17.4
12
0.49
0.75
572
81.7
I16 nguyn
20.2
16
0.78
0.5
873
109
I18 nguyn
23.4
18
0.81
0.51
1290
143
I20 nguyn
26.8
20
0.84
0.52
1840
184
I22 nguyn
30.6
22
0.87
0.54
2550
232
Sx2
Iy2
Wy2
iy2
Ix2y2
Tit din
Thanh ghp (cm3) (cm4) (cm3) (cm) (cm4)
I10 nguyn
23
17.9
6.49
1.22
0
45
I12 nguyn
33.7
27.9
8.72
1.33
0
45
I14 nguyn
46.8
41.9
11.5
1.55
0
45
I16 nguyn
62.3
58.6
14.5
1.7
0
45
I18 nguyn
81.4
82.6
18.4
1.88
0
45
I20 nguyn
104
115
23.1
2.07
0
45
I22 nguyn
131
157
26.8
2.27
0
45
3.Tnh ton:
Loi thanh
A1
lo
ix1,iy1
iu1
iv1
C bn (Cb) (cm2)
(cm)
(cm)
(cm) (cm)
L150x10
29.3
1.0
300
4.62
5.82
2.97
Loi thanh
lx=ly
lu
lv
lqumax jmin
[N1]
C bn (Cb)
(kN)
L150x10
64.94 51.55 101.0
3.19
0.583 34.10
Loi thanh
Cb+ na I10
Cb+ na I12
Cb+ na I14
Cb+ na I16
Cb+ na I18
Cb+ na I20
Cb+ na I22
A1+A2
(cm2)
35.30
36.65
38.00
39.40
41.00
42.70
44.60
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
lo
(cm)
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
ix2
(cm)
4.06
4.88
5.73
6.57
7.42
8.28
9.13
l
(cm)
300
300
300
300
300
300
300
a2
Ixg
Iyg
Ixgyg
U1
3.83
4.59
5.38
6.17
6.96
7.76
8.56
10.8
20.5
34.2
52.2
78.7
112.8
153.4
9.0
14.0
21.0
29.3
41.3
57.5
78.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-9.5
-10.3
-11.1
-11.9
-12.7
-13.5
-14.3
64
Loi thanh
V1
X0
Y0
U0
V0
I'xg,I'yg Ixo,Iyo
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(cm4)
861.1
954.1
1067.5
1201.3
1366.8
1563.9
1796.9
lvo
(cm4)
998.95
1004.0
1011.0
1019.3
1031.3
1047.5
1068.5
lvoqu
2.10
1.91
1.74
1.60
1.47
1.36
1.26
[Nu]
(kN)
50.8
53.5
56.3
59.2
62.3
65.5
69.0
[N2]
(kN)
48.47
48.8
49.4
50.1
51.2
52.4
53.9
-1.38
-1.72
-2.06
-2.42
-2.81
-3.22
-3.64
ivo
(cm)
4.53
4.97
5.44
5.93
6.44
6.98
7.53
mv
lyo
60.74
58.80
56.60
54.33
51.96
49.57
47.26
h
56.39
57.32
58.16
58.98
59.82
60.57
61.29
me
66.27
60.39
55.16
50.63
46.55
42.98
39.87
je
Cb+ na I10
Cb+ na I12
Cb+ na I14
Cb+ na I16
Cb+ na I18
Cb+ na I20
Cb+ na I22
Loi thanh
-0.98
-1.21
-1.46
-1.71
-1.99
-2.27
-2.58
iuo
(cm)
5.32
5.23
5.16
5.09
5.02
4.95
4.89
e
(cm)
1.02
1.34
1.68
2.04
2.44
2.86
3.31
ju
lxo,
(cm4)
723.41
904.4
1124.2
1383.4
1702.6
2080.5
2525.5
Wcv
(cm3)
115.0
136.5
161.3
188.8
220.6
256.2
295.4
lc
-0.98
-1.21
-1.46
-1.71
-1.99
-2.27
-2.58
ixo,iyo
(cm)
4.94
5.10
5.30
5.52
5.77
6.05
6.35
ao
(cm)
1.38
1.72
2.06
2.42
2.81
3.22
3.64
luoqu
(cm4)
9.89
17.2
27.6
40.8
60.0
85.2
115.9
luo
0.31
0.36
0.40
0.43
0.45
0.48
0.50
b
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.84
0.84
0.84
0.83
a
0.27
0.31
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
c
Cb+ na I10
Cb+ na I12
Cb+ na I14
Cb+ na I16
Cb+ na I18
Cb+ na I20
Cb+ na I22
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.3
99.30
1.78
1.81
1.84
1.87
1.89
1.92
1.94
0.839
0.835
0.832
0.828
0.824
0.821
0.818
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.82
0.80
0.78
0.77
0.76
0.75
0.74
0.721
0.732
0.742
0.753
0.762
0.769
0.775
[Nv]
(kN)
48.47
48.8
49.4
50.1
51.2
52.4
53.9
Cb+ na I10
Cb+ na I12
Cb+ na I14
Cb+ na I16
Cb+ na I18
Cb+ na I20
Cb+ na I22
Loi thanh
Cb+ na I10
Cb+ na I12
Cb+ na I14
Cb+ na I16
Cb+ na I18
Cb+ na I20
Cb+ na I22
Loi thanh
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ivo
Iuo
65
Loi thanh
b/a
Cb+ na I10
0.205 0.422
2.06
Cb+ na I12
0.251 0.432
1.72
Cb+ na I14
0.297 0.448
1.51
Cb+ na I16
0.345 0.471
1.37
Cb+ na I18
0.399 0.501
1.26
Cb+ na I20
0.457 0.538
1.18
Cb+ na I22
0.522 0.582
1.11
Hnh 3.8
4. Nhn xt.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc kh ln so vi t l tng din tch (b/a >1). Khi tng a
th t l b/a gim dn nhng trong khong kho st a <=52% th vn m bo b/a >1,
gii php t hiu qu cao.
3.2.TNG CNG TIT DIN CHO THANH C BN L THP NG.
3.2.1.Thm mt thp bn.
Hnh 3.9
Tit din
A1
D1
d1
Thanh c bn
D168.3x7.92
Tit din thanh
tng cng
-t2 xB2 xl
(cm2)
39.88
A2
(cm2)
2.4
4
5.6
7.2
9.2
(cm)
16.83
B2
(cm)
3
5
7
9
11.5
t1
Ix1,Iy1 Wx1,Wy1 ix1,iy1

Iu1,Iv1 Wu1,Wv1
(cm)
(cm) (cm4) (cm3)
15.246 0.792 1285.5 152.76
t2
Ix2
Iy2
Ix2y2
(cm) (cm4) (cm4) (cm4)
0.8
1.80
0.13
0.00
0.8
8.33
0.21
0.00
0.8
22.87
0.30
0.00
0.8
48.60
0.38
0.00
0.8
101.39 0.49
0.00
(cm)
5.68
45
45
45
45
45
l
(cm)
300
l
(cm)
300
300
300
300
300
66
3.Tnh ton:
Loi thanh
A1
lo
ix1,iy1 lx=ly
C bn (Cb) (cm2)
(cm)
(cm)
L150x10
39.88 0.90
270
5.68
47.56
lv
lqumax jmin
[N1]
Loi thanh
lu
C bn (Cb)
(kN)
L150x10
47.6
47.6
1.50
0.876
69.7
Loi thanh
Cb+(-8x30xl)
Cb+(-8x50xl)
Cb+(-8x70xl)
Cb+(-8x90xl)
Cb+(-8x115xl)
Loi thanh
Cb+(-8x30xl)
Cb+(-8x50xl)
Cb+(-8x70xl)
Cb+(-8x90xl)
Cb+(-8x115xl)
Loi thanh
Cb+(-8x30xl)
Cb+(-8x50xl)
Cb+(-8x70xl)
Cb+(-8x90xl)
Cb+(-8x115xl)
Loi thanh
Cb+(-8x30xl)
Cb+(-8x50xl)
Cb+(-8x70xl)
Cb+(-8x90xl)
Cb+(-8x115xl)
A1+A2
(cm2)
42.28
43.88
45.48
47.08
49.08
Y0
-0.40
-0.70
-1.04
-1.40
-1.88
iuo
(cm)
5.51
5.41
5.32
5.23
5.12
e
(cm)
0.30
0.57
0.89
1.28
1.84
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
U0
-0.563
-0.995
-1.467
-1.975
-2.655
ivo
(cm)
5.98
6.27
6.64
7.07
7.67
mv
0.08
0.14
0.20
0.27
0.35
lo
(cm)
270
270
270
270
270
V0
X1
U1
V1
X0
-7.01 -7.01
-7.72 -7.72
-8.43 -8.43
-9.13 -9.13
-10.02 -10.02
-9.92
-10.92
-11.92
-12.92
-14.17
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
I'x2,I'y2 Ixo,Iyo
Iuo
Ivo
(cm4)
1397.7
1506.3
1645.7
1818.6
2086.4
lvo
(cm4)
1285.6
1285.7
1285.8
1285.9
1286
lvoqu
1.43
1.36
1.29
1.21
1.11
[Nu]
(kN)
74.4
74.9
74.6
75.7
77.3
(cm4)
1509.8
1726.9
2005.5
2351.4
2886.9
Wcv
(cm3)
168.18
183.53
202.95
226.32
260.78
lc
-0.40
-0.70
-1.04
-1.40
-1.88
ixo,iyo
(cm)
5.75
5.86
6.02
6.21
6.52
ao
(cm)
0.56
0.99
1.47
1.97
2.65
luoqu
99.30
99.30
99.30
99.30
99.30
1.55
1.58
1.61
1.63
1.67
(cm4)
0
0.964
0
4.2733
0
11.583
0
24.492
0
50.941
lxo,lyo luo
Y1
46.96
46.08
44.89
43.44
41.41
h
48.97
49.88
50.78
51.67
52.75
me
45.18
43.04
40.66
38.21
35.21
je
1.276
1.277
1.278
1.280
1.281
0.10
0.17
0.26
0.34
0.44
0.88
0.86
0.82
0.81
0.79
67
Loi thanh
Cb+(-8x30xl)
Cb+(-8x50xl)
Cb+(-8x70xl)
Cb+(-8x90xl)
Cb+(-8x115xl)
Loi thanh
ju
0.87
0.87
0.86
0.86
0.85
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.60
0.96
0.92
0.89
0.86
0.83
b/a
[Nv]
(kN)
70.2
70.1
69.9
69.6
69.3
[N2]
(kN)
70.2
70.1
69.9
69.6
69.3
B2/t2
[B2/t2]
3.75
6.25
8.75
11.25
14.38
15.90
15.69
15.45
15.20
14.90
Cb+(-8x30xl)
0.06 0.007 0.120
Cb+(-8x50xl)
0.10 0.006 0.063
Cb+(-8x70xl)
0.14 0.003 0.022
Cb+(-8x90xl)
0.18 -0.001 -0.005
Cb+(-8x115xl)
0.23 -0.005 -0.022
Hnh 3.10
4. Nhn xt.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc b rt nh, gim dn khi tng a.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc a rt nh so vi t l tng din tch a (b/a<= 0.12). Khi
tng a trong khong a > 15% th kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp gim so vi thanh
c bn, gii php khng t hiu qu, khng nn p dng trong thc t.
3.2.2.Thm hai thp bn.
Hnh 3.11
+ Thanh c bn: xem mc 3.2.1.
68
+ Thanh tng cng:

Tit din thanh
A2
B2
t2
Ix2
Iy2
Ix2y2
tng cng
(cm2) (cm)
(cm) (cm4) (cm4) (cm4)
2.4
3
0.8
1.80
0.13
0.00
4
5
0.8
8.33
0.21
0.00
-t2 xB2 xl
5.6
7
0.8
22.87
0.30
0.00
7.2
9
0.8
48.60
0.38
0.00
8.4
10.5
0.8
77.18
0.45
0.00
9.6
12
0.8
115.20 0.51
0.00
3.Tnh ton:
A1
lo
ix1,iy1 lx=ly
Loi thanh
C bn (Cb) (cm2)
(cm)
(cm)
L150x10
39.88 0.90
270
5.68
47.56
Loi thanh
lu
lv
lqumax jmin
[N1]
C bn (Cb)
(kN)
L150x10
47.6
47.6
1.50
0.876
69.7
Loi thanh
A1+2A2
(cm2)
Cb+2(-8x30xl) 44.68
Cb+2(-8x50xl) 47.88
Cb+2(-8x70xl) 51.08
Cb+2(-8x90xl) 54.28
Cb+2(-8x10.5xl) 56.68
Cb+2(-8x120xl) 59.08
Loi thanh
Y0
Cb+2(-8x30xl)
Cb+2(-8x50xl)
Cb+2(-8x70xl)
Cb+2(-8x90xl)
Cb+2(-8x10.5xl)
Cb+2(-8x120xl)
Loi thanh
Cb+2(-8x30xl)
-0.53
-0.91
-1.31
-1.71
-2.02
-2.34
ixo,iyo
(cm)
5.81
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
U0
-0.75
-1.29
-1.85
-2.42
-2.86
-3.31
iuo
(cm)
5.84
lo
(cm)
270
270
270
270
270
270
V0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ivo
(cm)
5.79
45
45
45
45
45
45
l
(cm)
300
300
300
300
300
300
X1
Y1
X2
Y2
X0
-9.92
-10.92
-11.92
-12.92
-13.67
-14.42
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-9.92
-10.92
-11.92
-12.92
-13.67
-14.42
-0.53
-0.91
-1.31
-1.71
-2.02
-2.34
Iuo
Ivo
(cm4)
1498.0
1691.0
1929.4
2216.9
2466.8
2747.8
Wcv
(cm3)
163.39
I'u1,I'u2 I'v1,I'v2 Ixo,Iyo
(cm4)
0.96
4.27
11.58
24.49
38.81
57.86
lxo,lyo
(cm4)
0.96
4.27
11.58
24.49
38.81
57.86
luo
(cm4)
1510.7
1730.8
2016.5
2376.1
2699.2
3071.9
lvo
(cm4)
1523.4
1770.6
2103.7
2535.4
2931.7
3396.0
lvoqu
46.44
46.24
46.63
1.47
69
Cb+2(-8x50xl)
Cb+2(-8x70xl)
Cb+2(-8x90xl)
Cb+2(-8x10.5xl)
Cb+2(-8x120xl)
Loi thanh
6.01
6.28
6.62
6.90
7.21
ao
(cm)
Cb+2(-8x30xl)
0.75
Cb+2(-8x50xl)
1.29
Cb+2(-8x70xl)
1.85
Cb+2(-8x90xl)
2.42
Cb+2(-8x10.5xl) 2.86
Cb+2(-8x120xl) 3.31
Loi thanh
luoqu
Cb+2(-8x30xl)
Cb+2(-8x50xl)
Cb+2(-8x70xl)
Cb+2(-8x90xl)
Cb+2(-8x10.5xl)
Cb+2(-8x120xl)
Loi thanh
1.46
1.40
1.33
1.25
1.19
1.13
B2/t2
6.08
6.42
6.83
7.19
7.58
e
(cm)
0.41
0.73
1.11
1.53
1.88
2.26
ju
5.94
6.15
6.39
6.60
6.82
mv
44.91
42.97
40.81
39.13
37.45
h
44.40
42.07
39.51
37.54
35.61
me
45.44
43.93
42.25
40.93
39.59
je
0.11
0.20
0.30
0.41
0.49
0.57
b
1.27
1.27
1.27
1.27
1.27
1.27
a
0.14
0.26
0.38
0.52
0.62
0.72
c
0.881
0.888
0.896
0.906
0.913
0.919
[B2/t2]
1
1
1
1
1
1
a
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
b
0.94
0.89
0.85
0.80
0.77
0.75
b/a
0.86
0.81
0.77
0.73
0.71
0.69
[Nv]
(kN)
73.6
75.7
77.4
78.8
79.8
80.8
0.057
0.086
0.111
0.132
0.146
0.160
0.47
0.43
0.39
0.36
0.35
0.33
Cb+2(-8x30xl)
3.75 16.05
0.12
Cb+2(-8x50xl)
6.25 15.93
0.20
Cb+2(-8x70xl)
8.75 15.78
0.28
Cb+2(-8x90xl) 11.25 15.61
0.36
Cb+2(-8x10.5xl) 13.13 15.48
0.42
Cb+2(-8x120xl) 15.00 15.34
0.48
1.44
1.39
1.34
1.29
1.25
[Nu]
(kN)
76.6
77.1
78.7
79.4
80.4
81.1
[N2]
(kN)
73.6
75.7
77.4
78.8
79.8
80.8
174.25
188.01
204.55
218.71
234.31
lc
99.30
99.30
99.30
99.30
99.30
99.30
Hnh 3.12
70
4. Nhn xt.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc b kh nh nhng vn c th p dng trong thc t.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc b kh nh so vi t l tng din tch a (b/a < 0.5) , khi
tng a th t l b/a gim dn. Gii php t hiu qu thp, ch nn p dng cho gia c
sa cha thp vi yu cu kh nng chu lc tng t.
3.2.3.Thm mt thp gc u cnh
Hnh 3.13
2. c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh:
+ Thanh c bn xem mc 3.2.1.
+ Thanh tng cng:
Tit din thanh
A2
B2
t2
Cx2,Cy2
tng cng
(cm2) (cm)
(cm)
(cm)
L50x6
5.69
5
0.6
1.45
L60x6
6.91
6
0.6
1.69
L65x6
7.53
6.5
0.6
1.8
L70x7
9.4
7
0.7
1.97
L75x8
11.4
7.5
0.8
2.14
L80x8
12.3
8
0.8
2.26
Cu2
Cv2
Ix2,Iy2
(cm)
3.54
4.24
4.6
4.95
5.3
5.66
(cm)
2.04
2.39
2.55
2.79
3.02
3.19
(cm4)
12.8
22.8
29.2
42.3
59.1
72.2
Tit din thanh

tng cng
L50x6
L60x6
L65x6
L70x7
L75x8
l
(cm)
300
300
300
300
300
r
(cm)
0.18
0.2
0.23
0.23
0.3
45
45
45
45
45
Iu2
(cm4)
20.3
36.1
46.3
67.1
93.8
iu2
(cm)
1.89
2.29
2.48
2.67
2.86
Iv2
(cm4)
5.34
9.44
12.2
17.5
24.5
iv2
(cm)
0.968
1.17
1.27
1.36
1.46
ix2,iy2
(cm)
1.5
1.82
1.97
2.12
2.27
2.43
71
L80x8
115
3.06
29.9
1.56
300
0.3
3.Tnh ton:
Loi thanh
A1
lo
ix1,iy1 lx=ly
C bn (Cb) (cm2)
(cm)
(cm)
L150x10
39.88 0.90
270
5.68
47.56
Loi thanh
lu
lv
lqumax jmin
[N1]
C bn (Cb)
(kN)
L150x10
47.6
47.6
1.50
0.876
69.7
Loi thanh
Cb+L50x6
Cb+L60x6
Cb+L65x6
Cb+L70x7
Cb+L75x8
Cb+L80x8
Loi thanh
A1+A2
(cm2)
45.57
46.79
47.41
49.28
51.28
52.18
U0
-1.20
-1.43
-1.54
-1.86
-2.16
-2.28
45
s
(cm)
3.27
2.55
2.17
1.85
1.52
1.10
X1
Y1
X0
Y0
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
V0
lo
(cm)
270
270
270
270
270
270
-6.82
-6.86
-6.87
-6.88
-6.88
-6.84
Ixo,Iyo
Iuo
Ivo
(cm4)
1530.2
1585.6
1613.4
1688.2
1763.9
1797.3
lvo
(cm4)
1305.8
1321.6
1331.8
1352.6
1379.3
1400.5
lvoqu
1.38
1.36
1.35
1.33
1.32
1.32
-0.85
-1.01
-1.09
-1.31
-1.53
-1.61
iuo
(cm)
5.35
5.31
5.30
5.24
5.19
5.18
e
(cm)
0.70
0.85
0.92
1.14
1.35
1.44
-0.85
-1.01
-1.09
-1.31
-1.53
-1.61
ivo
(cm)
6.21
6.29
6.32
6.41
6.47
6.49
mv
43.50
42.95
42.71
42.14
41.70
41.62
(cm4)
1755.6
1849.6
1894.5
2023.2
2149.6
2195.7
Wcv
(cm3)
182.50
187.82
190.26
196.97
203.24
205.31
-6.82
-6.86
-6.87
-6.88
-6.88
-6.84
ixo,iyo
(cm)
5.79
5.82
5.83
5.85
5.86
5.87
ao
(cm)
1.20
1.43
1.54
1.86
2.16
2.28
Cb+L50x6
Cb+L60x6
Cb+L65x6
Cb+L70x7
Cb+L75x8
Cb+L80x8
Loi thanh
lxo,lyo
0
0
0
0
0
0
luo
Cb+L50x6
Cb+L60x6
Cb+L65x6
Cb+L70x7
Cb+L75x8
Cb+L80x8
46.60
46.38
46.29
46.13
46.04
46.01
50.44
50.81
50.94
51.54
52.06
52.12
0.174
0.211
0.229
0.284
0.341
0.365
72
Loi thanh
Cb+L50x6
Cb+L60x6
Cb+L65x6
Cb+L70x7
Cb+L75x8
Cb+L80x8
Loi thanh
me
1.275
1.274
1.274
1.273
1.271
1.271
a
0.221
0.268
0.292
0.362
0.434
0.464
c
je
0.830
0.812
0.806
0.786
0.764
0.755
[Nv]
(kN)
Cb+L50x6
0.6
0.91
71.1
Cb+L60x6
0.6
0.89
71.5
Cb+L65x6
0.6
0.88
71.7
Cb+L70x7
0.6
0.85
72.2
Cb+L75x8
0.6
0.83
72.8
Cb+L80x8
0.6
0.82
73.2
- th quan h a-b xem ng hnh 3.14
[Nu]
(kN)
75.5
75.8
76.2
77.3
78.2
78.6
[N2]
(kN)
71.1
71.5
71.7
72.2
72.8
73.2
lc
luoqu
ju
99.30
99.30
99.30
99.30
99.30
99.30
a
1.60
1.61
1.61
1.63
1.65
1.65
b
0.864
0.863
0.862
0.860
0.857
0.857
b/a
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.143
0.173
0.189
0.236
0.286
0.308
0.021
0.026
0.029
0.037
0.045
0.051
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
Hnh 3.14
4. Nhn xt.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc b rt nh khng nn p dng trong thc t.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc b rt nh so vi t l tng din tch a (b/a<= 0.16), kh
nng chu lc ca thanh ghp tng rt nh so vi thanh c bn , khi tng a th t l b/a
gim dn, gii php khng t hiu qu.
3.2.4.Thm hai thp gc u cnh.
73
Hnh 3.15
+ Thanh tng cng: xem mc 3.2.3.
3.Tnh ton:
Loi thanh
C bn (Cb)
L150x10
Loi thanh
C bn (Cb)
L150x10
Loi thanh
Cb+2L50x6
Cb+2L60x6
Cb+2L65x6
Cb+2L70x7
Cb+2L75x8
Loi thanh
Cb+2L50x6
Cb+2L60x6
Cb+2L65x6
Cb+2L70x7
A1
(cm2)
39.88
lu
47.6
A1+2A2
(cm2)
51.26
53.70
54.94
58.68
62.68
X0
-1.07
-1.25
-1.33
-1.56
0.90
lv
47.6
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Y0
-1.07
-1.25
-1.33
-1.56
lo
(cm)
270
lqumax
1.50
lo
(cm)
270
270
270
270
270
U0
-1.52
-1.77
-1.88
-2.20
ix1,iy1 lx=ly
(cm)
5.68
47.56
jmin
[N1]
(kN)
0.876
69.7
s
X1
(cm)
3.274
0
2.552
0
2.167
0
1.853
0
1.517
0
V0
Ixo,Iyo
(cm4)
0
1783.2
0
1898.1
0
1956.2
0
2117.5
Y1
X2
Y2
-9.66
-9.70
-9.71
-9.73
-9.73
-9.66
-9.70
-9.71
-9.73
-9.73
Iuo
Ivo
(cm4)
1841.0
1981.9
2054.0
2260.8
(cm4)
1723.4
1814.4
1859.3
1975.5
0
0
0
0
0
ixo,iyo
(cm)
5.90
5.95
5.97
6.01
74
Cb+2L75x8
Loi thanh
-1.77
ivo
(cm)
5.80
5.81
5.82
5.80
5.77
mv
-2.50
lxo,lyo
0
luo
45.78
45.42
45.25
44.95
44.70
h
45.06
44.45
44.16
43.50
42.91
me
Cb+2L50x6
Cb+2L60x6
Cb+2L65x6
Cb+2L70x7
Cb+2L75x8
Loi thanh
-1.77
iuo
(cm)
5.99
6.07
6.11
6.21
6.29
e
(cm)
0.87
1.03
1.11
1.34
1.55
ju
0.26
0.31
0.34
0.42
0.51
b
1.27
1.27
1.26
1.26
1.26
a
0.33
0.39
0.43
0.53
0.64
c
Cb+2L50x6
Cb+2L60x6
Cb+2L65x6
Cb+2L70x7
Cb+2L75x8
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
1
1
1
1
1
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.87
0.84
0.83
0.80
0.77
b/a
Cb+2L50x6
Cb+2L60x6
Cb+2L65x6
Cb+2L70x7
Cb+2L75x8
Loi thanh
Loi thanh
2287.0 2481.9 2089.7

lvo
lvoqu Wcv
(cm3)
46.57 1.47 173.53
46.45 1.47 178.22
46.41 1.47 180.59
46.54 1.47 186.03
46.76 1.48 191.40
je
[Nu]
lc
(kN)
0.779 83.9 99.30
0.759 85.6 99.30
0.745 86.0 99.30
0.712 87.7 99.30
0.68
89.5 99.30
[Nv]
[N2]
(kN) (kN)
82.6
82.6
84.3
84.3
85.2
85.2
87.7
87.7
90.1
89.5
6.04
ao
(cm)
1.52
1.77
1.88
2.20
2.50
luoqu
1.42
1.41
1.40
1.38
1.36
Cb+2L50x6
0.285 0.126
0.44
Cb+2L60x6
0.346 0.150
0.43
Cb+2L65x6
0.378 0.162
0.43
Cb+2L70x7
0.471 0.195
0.41
Cb+2L75x8
0.572 0.221
0.39
4. Nhn xt.
Hnh 3.16
- T l tng kh nng chu lc b kh nh nhng vn c th p dng trong thc t.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc b kh nh so vi t l tng din tch a (b/a <0.45), khi
tng a th t l b/a gim dn. Gii php t hiu qu thp, ch nn p dng cho gia c
sa cha thp vi yu cu kh nng chu lc tng t.
3.2.5.Thm mt na thp hnh I
75
Hnh 3.17
+ Thanh tng cng:
Tit din thanh 2A2
h
t2
d2
tng cng
(cm2) (cm)
(cm)
(cm)
I10 nguyn
12
10
0.45
0.72
I12 nguyn
14.7
12
0.73
0.48
I14 nguyn
17.4
12
0.49
0.75
I16 nguyn
20.2
16
0.78
0.5
I18 nguyn
23.4
18
0.81
0.51
I20 nguyn
26.8
20
0.84
0.52
Ix2
Wx2
(cm4) (cm3)
198
39.7
350
58.4
572
81.7
873
109
1290
143
1840
184
ix2
(cm)
4.06
4.88
5.73
6.57
7.42
8.28
Tit din
Sx2
Iy2
Wy2
iy2
Ix2y2
Thanh ghp (cm3) (cm4) (cm3) (cm) (cm4)
I10 nguyn
23
17.9
6.49
1.22
0
45
I12 nguyn
33.7
27.9
8.72
1.33
0
45
I14 nguyn
46.8
41.9
11.5
1.55
0
45
I16 nguyn
62.3
58.6
14.5
1.7
0
45
I18 nguyn
81.4
82.6
18.4
1.88
0
45
I20 nguyn
104
115
23.1
2.07
0
45
3.Tnh ton:
l
(cm)
300
300
300
300
300
300
76
Loi thanh
C bn (Cb)
L150x10
Loi thanh
C bn (Cb)
L150x10
A1
(cm2)
39.88
lu
0.90
lv
lo
(cm)
270
lqumax
47.6
47.6
1.50
Loi thanh
A1+A2
(cm2)
45.88
47.23
48.58
49.98
51.58
53.28
V1
lo
(cm)
270
270
270
270
270
270
Y0
Cb+1 na I10
Cb+1 na I12
Cb+1 na I14
Cb+1 na I16
Cb+1 na I18
Cb+1 na I20
Loi thanh
Cb+1 na I10
Cb+1 na I12
Cb+1 na I14
Cb+1 na I16
Cb+1 na I18
Cb+1 na I20
Loi thanh
Cb+1 na I10
Cb+1 na I12
Cb+1 na I14
Cb+1 na I16
Cb+1 na I18
Cb+1 na I20
Loi thanh
Cb+1 na I10
Cb+1 na I12
Cb+1 na I14
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
X0
0
-1.13
0
-1.43
0
-1.75
0
-2.08
0
-2.47
0
-2.88
Ivo
ixo,iyo
(cm4) (cm)
2078.8 6.06
2354.9 6.22
2678.8 6.40
3051.7 6.61
3501.9 6.84
4022.9 7.10
Wcv
ao
(cm3) (cm)
207.53 1.60
225.61 2.02
246.09 2.47
-1.13
-1.43
-1.75
-2.08
-2.47
-2.88
iuo
(cm)
5.31
5.25
5.19
5.13
5.07
5.02
e
(cm)
0.99
1.31
1.67
ix1,iy1 lx=ly
(cm)
5.68
47.56
jmin
[N1]
(kN)
0.876
69.7
a
Ixg
Iyg
Ixgyg
U1
3.83
4.59
5.38
6.17
6.96
7.76
U0
10.83
20.48
34.25
52.21
78.68
112.84
V0
8.95
13.95
20.95
29.30
41.30
57.50
0
0
0
0
0
0
-12.25
-13.00
-13.79
-14.58
-15.37
-16.18
-1.60
-2.02
-2.47
-2.95
-3.49
-4.07
ivo
(cm)
6.73
7.06
7.43
7.81
8.24
8.69
mv
0.22
0.27
0.33
I'xg,I'yg Ixo,Iyo
(cm4)
0
9.9
0
17.2
0
27.6
0
40.8
0
60.0
0
85.2
lxo,lyo luo
Iuo
(cm4)
1686.6
1827.2
1992.6
2183.2
2414.3
2683.0
lvo
(cm4)
1294.5
1299.5
1306.5
1314.8
1326.8
1343.0
lvoqu
1.27
1.21
1.15
1.09
1.04
0.98
[Nu]
(kN)
78.8
79.7
80.5
44.53
43.41
42.16
40.85
39.47
38.05
h
50.83
51.48
52.07
52.64
53.24
53.78
me
40.11
38.24
36.36
34.56
32.77
31.07
je
1.28
1.28
1.28
0.28
0.35
0.42
0.818
0.803
0.789
77
Cb+1 na I16
Cb+1 na I18
Cb+1 na I20
Loi thanh
268.59
294.24
322.27
lc
2.95
3.49
4.07
luoqu
2.07
2.55
3.08
ju
0.39
0.45
0.51
b
1.28
1.28
1.28
a
0.49
0.57
0.65
c
Cb+1 na I10
Cb+1 na I12
Cb+1 na I14
Cb+1 na I16
Cb+1 na I18
Cb+1 na I20
Loi thanh
99.30
99.30
99.30
99.30
99.30
99.30
a
1.61
1.63
1.65
1.66
1.68
1.70
b
0.862
0.860
0.857
0.855
0.853
0.850
b/a
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.88
0.86
0.83
0.81
0.79
0.77
0.777
0.760
0.744
[Nv]
(kN)
73.5
73.3
73.0
72.9
72.8
72.9
81.6
82.3
83.3
[N2]
(kN)
73.5
73.3
73.0
72.9
72.8
72.9
Cb+1 na I10
0.150 0.0017 0.012
Cb+1 na I12
0.184 -0.001 -0.006
Cb+1 na I14
0.218 -0.004 -0.018
Cb+1 na I16
0.253 -0.006 -0.024
Cb+1 na I18
0.293 -0.007 -0.024
Cb+1 na I20
0.336 -0.006 -0.019
- th quan h a-b xem hnh 3.18
Hnh 3.18
4. Nhn xt.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc b rt nh so vi t l tng din tch a (b/a<= 0.01), khi
tng a > 15% kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp gim so vi thanh c bn , gii php
khng t hiu qu, t l b qu nh khng nn p dng trong thc t.
3.2.6.Thm hai na thp hnh I.
Hnh 3.19
78

+ Thanh tng cng: xem gii php mc 3.2.5.
3.Tnh ton:
A1
lo
ix1,iy1 lx=ly
Loi thanh
C bn (Cb) (cm2)
(cm)
(cm)
L150x10
39.88 0.90
270
5.68
47.56
Loi thanh
lu
lv
lqumax jmin
[N1]
C bn (Cb)
(kN)
L150x10
47.6
47.6
1.50
0.876
69.7
Loi thanh
Cb+2 na I10
Cb+2 na I12
Cb+2 na I14
Cb+2 na I16
Cb+2 na I18
Cb+2 na I20
Loi thanh
A1+2A2
(cm2)
51.88
54.58
57.28
60.08
63.28
66.68
Y1 =X2
Cb+2 na I10
Cb+2 na I12
Cb+2 na I14
Cb+2 na I16
Cb+2 na I18
Cb+2 na I20
Loi thanh
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ixo,Iyo
Cb+2 na I10
Cb+2 na I12
Cb+2 na I14
Cb+2 na I16
Cb+2 na I18
Cb+2 na I20
Loi thanh
(cm4)
2101.3
2394.8
2744.7
3153.9
3659.1
4257.6
lvo
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
Y2
-12.25
-13.00
-13.79
-14.58
-15.37
-16.18
Iuo
(cm4)
2205.4
2562.1
2996.2
3515.0
4170.3
4962.2
lvoqu
lo
(cm)
270
270
270
270
270
270
X0
-1.42
-1.75
-2.09
-2.45
-2.84
-3.25
Ivo
(cm4)
1997.2
2227.6
2493.3
2792.9
3148.0
3553.0
Wcv
(cm3)
Ixg
Iyg
Ixgyg
X1
3.83
4.59
5.38
6.17
6.96
7.76
Y0
10.83
20.48
34.25
52.21
78.68
112.84
U0
8.95
13.95
20.95
29.30
41.30
57.50
V0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-12.25
-13.00
-13.79
-14.58
-15.37
-16.18
-1.42
-1.75
-2.09
-2.45
-2.84
-3.25
ixo,iyo
(cm)
6.36
6.62
6.92
7.25
7.60
7.99
ao
(cm)
-2.00
-2.48
-2.96
-3.47
-4.02
-4.60
iuo
(cm)
6.52
6.85
7.23
7.65
8.12
8.63
e
(cm)
0
0
0
0
0
0
ivo
(cm)
6.20
6.39
6.60
6.82
7.05
7.30
mv
I'ug1,I'ug2 I'vg1,I'vg2
(cm4) (cm4)
9.9
9.9
17.2
17.2
27.6
27.6
40.8
40.8
60.0
60.0
85.2
85.2
lxo,lyo luo
42.43
40.76
39.01
37.27
35.51
33.79
h
41.41
39.41
37.33
35.30
33.26
31.30
me
79
Cb+2 na I10
Cb+2 na I12
Cb+2 na I14
Cb+2 na I16
Cb+2 na I18
Cb+2 na I20
Loi thanh
43.52
42.27
40.93
39.60
38.28
36.99
je
1.38 191.71
1.34 204.54
1.29 219.14
1.25 235.05
1.21 253.17
1.17 273.06
[Nu]
lc
(kN)
Cb+2 na I10
0.759 78.6
99.30
Cb+2 na I12
0.730 79.5
99.30
Cb+2 na I14
0.702 80.2
99.30
Cb+2 na I16
0.674 80.8
99.30
Cb+2 na I18
0.650 82.1
99.30
Cb+2 na I20
0.625 83.1
99.30
Loi thanh
[Nv]
[N2]
a
(kN)
(kN)
Cb+2 na I10
77.7
77.7
0.301
Cb+2 na I12
78.9
78.9
0.369
Cb+2 na I14
79.9
79.9
0.436
Cb+2 na I16
80.9
80.8
0.506
Cb+2 na I18
82.0
82.0
0.587
Cb+2 na I20
83.1
83.1
0.672
- th quan h a-b xem hnh 3.20
2.00
2.48
2.96
3.47
4.02
4.60
luoqu
1.22
1.57
1.95
2.37
2.85
3.38
ju
0.33
0.42
0.51
0.61
0.71
0.82
b
1.27
1.27
1.27
1.26
1.26
1.26
a
0.42
0.53
0.65
0.77
0.90
1.04
c
1.31
1.25
1.18
1.12
1.05
0.99
b
0.899
0.906
0.913
0.920
0.927
0.934
b/a
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.835
0.799
0.765
0.733
0.700
0.669
0.115
0.132
0.147
0.160
0.177
0.193
0.38
0.36
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.29
Hnh 3.20
4. Nhn xt.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc b kh nh, gii php t hiu qu thp.
- T l tng kh nng chu lc kh nh so vi t l tng din tch (b/a< 0.4). Khi tng
a t l b/a gim dn , nhng so vi gii php thm mt na thp hnh I thy kh nng
chu lc ca thanh ghp tng nhiu hn, vn c th p dng trong thc t.
80
3.3. KT LUN CHNG III.

+ Trong khong kho st thy rng phn ln cc trng hp kh nng chu lc trong
mt phng v-v (ngoi mt phng un) quyt nh kh nng chu lc ca thanh ghp.
+ Khi thanh c bn l thp gc u cnh, cc gii php kho st u c th p dng
trong thc t, nhn chung cc gii php ch t hiu qu cao khi a<=20%, kh nng
chu lc tng do c hai yu t l tng din tch tit din v tng bn knh qun tnh.
* Cn c vo tiu ch b ln nht th trong khong kho st c th t hiu qu t cao
n thp nh sau:
- Thm mt na thp hnh I vo sng thanh c bn.
- Thm mt thp gc u cnh, hn sng thanh tng cng vo sng thanh c bn,
hoc dng m lin kt l thp gc u cnh, lin kt hn hoc bu lng.
- Thm mt thp gc u cnh, m lin kt l thp bn.
- Thm mt thp bn vo sng thanh c bn.
* Cn c vo tiu ch b/a ln nht th trong khong kho st c th t hiu qu t
cao n thp nh sau:
- Thm mt thp gc u cnh, m lin kt l thp bn.
- Thm mt thp gc u cnh, hn sng thanh tng cng vo sng thanh c bn,
hoc dng m lin kt l thp gc u cnh, lin kt hn hoc bu lng.
- Thm mt thp bn vo sng thanh c bn.
- Thm mt na thp hnh I vo sng thanh c bn.
+ Khi thanh c bn l thp ng, trong cc gii php kho st th ch c cc gii php
thm hai thp bn, thm hai thp gc u cnh, thm hai na thp hnh I l c th p
dng trong thc t, cc hiu qu da trn hai tiu ch b v b/a chnh lch t, khi a
tng th b tng nhng t l b/a nh, kh nng chu lc tng ch yu l do tng din
tch tit din.
+ Trong c hai loi tit din thanh c bn c kho st, khi tng a th t l b/a gim
dn.
81
Chng IV
KT LUN, KIN NGH HNG PHT TRIN CA TI
4.1. Kt lun.
4.1.1 Ni dung chnh ca ti.
+ Chng I:
- Nu nhng c trng chung nht v thp thp dng dn nh hnh dng tit din,
cu to h thanh, cc dng tit din thng s dng, ti trng tc ng ln thp, nu
cc phng php tnh ton thp thp dng dn v cc gi thit cho tng phng
php.
Xem xt cc dng tit din thng c p dng cho h thanh ca thp thp dng
dn, c bit l cho thanh cnh thy c cc u im v nhc im ca chng
lm cn c xut cc gii php khc phc cc nhc im v xut cc dng tit
din mi bng gii php tng cng tit din.
- Nu cc i hi t ra t thc tin khch quan i vi thp thp dng dn trong
qu trnh s dng, l cc yu cu v sa cha, nng cp, bo dng, thay i
cng nng v mc ch s dng Cc thay i ny dn n vic ni lc trong h
thanh tng ln. Trong iu kin cc thay i khng ln qu th phng n thay thp
c bng thp mi hon ton l khng kinh t v mt nhiu thi gian. T cn thit
phi a ra gii php kinh t hn, tn dng trit kh nng chu lc ca cc cu
kin c, thi cng n gin v nhanh chng hn, l cc gii php tng cng tit
din thanh ca thp thp dng dn. Nh vy c th thy rng phm vi v ni dung
nghin cu ca ti c tnh thc tin, kt qu t c c th p dng trong thc
t.
+ Chng II:
- C s l thuyt v cc tiu ch i vi gii php tng cng tit din.
* C s l thuyt l tnh ton n nh ca thanh chu nn ng tm, nn lch tm c
mt trc i xng
* Yu cu quan trng i vi gii php tng cng tit din l t l tng kh nng
chu lc b ln, vi mt t l tng din tch a nht nh phi t t l tng kh nng
chu lc b cao (t s b/a ln). Ngoi ra gii php phi c tnh kh thi cao, d gia
cng ch to v thi cng lp dng, t nh hng ti lin kt ca h thanh, t gy
gim yu v d bo dng.
82
- xut cc gii php tng cng tit din thanh cnh l thp gc u cnh v thp
ng, thanh tng cng l thp bn, thp gc u cnh v na thp hnh I. Phn tch
u im, nhc im, phm vi v iu kin p dng ca tng gii php. Trnh by
cch tnh ton cc c trng hnh hc ca tit din thanh ghp, tnh ton kh nng
chu lc ca thanh c bn v thanh ghp.
+ Chng III:
Trnh by cc v d tnh ton bng s cho tng gii php tng cng tit din
trnh by trong chng II thy c hiu qu ca tng gii php.
4.1.2 Kt lun chung.
+ Gii php tng cng tit din thanh cnh thp thp dng dn nhn chung ch t
hiu qu cao khi thanh cnh l thp gc u cnh c bn knh qun tnh i theo cc
phng chnh lch nhiu. Khi thanh c bn l thp ng hiu qu thp.
+ Xem xt ng thi v hiu qu tng kh nng chu lc, hiu qu kinh t (b ln
v b/a kh ln m bo tnh kinh t ca gii php), t l tng din tch a ph hp
vi yu cu thc t ca gii php tng cng, thun li cho gia cng ch to, lp t
v bo dng i n kin ngh p dng cc gii php tng cng tit din nh sau:
+ Khi thanh c bn l thp gc u cnh.
* Thm mt thp bn vo sng ca thanh c bn.
* Thm mt na thp hnh I vo sng thanh c bn.
* Thm mt thp gc u cnh (hn sng thanh tng cng vo sng thanh c bn,
m lin kt l thp bn hoc thp hnh u cnh, dng lin kt hn hoc lin kt bu
lng).
- Khi yu cu tng kh nng chu lc thanh <40% th u tin p dng gii php
thm mt thp bn vo sng ca thanh c bn.
- Khi yu cu tng kh nng chu lc thanh >= 40% th p dng gii php thm mt
na thp hnh I vo sng thanh c bn.
+ Khi thanh c bn l thp ng.
* Thm hai thanh thp bn.
* Thm hai na thp hnh I.
* Thm hai thp gc u cnh (phi bo m tnh kn ca mi hn tit din kn
hon ton)
+ Cc bin php cu to.
83
- Vi gii php thm mt thp bn vo sng ca thanh c bn l thp gc, thm hai
thp bn cho thanh c bn l thp ng, vi cng din tch tit din th nn tng b
dy thp bn hn ch lch tm cng nh tha mn iu kin n nh cc b. B
dy thp bn t2 nn tha mn t1<=t2<=1.2t1 (t1 l b dy thanh c bn).
- Vi gii php thm na thp hnh I cho thanh c bn, tng hiu qu v kh
nng chu lc th nn hn ch chiu cao bn bng hn ch lch tm.
- Cc gii php c th p dng trong thc t, tr gii php thm hai thp gc u
cnh cho thanh c bn l thp ng, u cn b tr bn m cu to theo phng
ngang lin kt thanh tng cng vi thanh c bn.
4.2. Kin ngh hng pht trin ca ti.
+ Ni dung ca lun vn ch a ra cc gii php tng cng tit din cho thanh
cnh thp thp dng dn c chiu cao nh n trung bnh, tit din thp gc u
cnh v thp ng. Thp c bn mt bn, thanh bng cc mt bn cnh nhau quy t
v cng mt nt (hnh 2.4a, 2.4b, 2.4c), lin kt ti nt gi thit l khp.
+ Bi ton kho st l bi ton kh nng, cha cp ti s thay i ca ti trng v
tc ng ti thp, s phn phi li ni lc trong h thanh sau khi tng cng tit
din.
Nh vy ti c th pht trin theo cc hng sau:
- La chn gii php tng cng tit din cho thanh cnh c tit din thp hnh I,
thp hp ch nht, thp ng nhi b tng.
- La chn gii php tng cng tit din cho thanh cnh khi nt lin kt thanh
bng vi thanh cnh khng phi l khp.
- Xc nh ti trng gi tc dng ln thp c h thanh c tng cng tit din.
- Tnh ton tng th hiu qu ca gii php tng cng tit din ( cng tng th,
ni lc v chuyn v ca h sau khi tng cng tit din).
- La chn gii php tng cng tit din thanh ca thp thp dng dn c s mt
bn l ba v nhiu hn bn.
- La chn gii php tng cng tit din thanh cho thanh cnh ca thp thp dng
dn c thanh bng hai mt bn cnh nhau khng quy t v cng mt nt (hnh 2.4d,
2.4e).
84
TI LIU THAM KHO

Ti liu ting Vit
1. Phm Vn Hi (ch bin), Nguyn Quang Vin, Phm Vn T, Lu Vn Tng.
Kt cu thp. Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut H Ni. 2006.
2. Phm Vn Hi (ch bin), Nguyn Quang Vin, Phm Vn T, on Ngc
Tranh, Hong Vn Quang. Kt cu thp cng trnh dn dng v cng nghip. Nh
xut bn Khoa hc v k thut H Ni. 2003.
3. on nh Kin. n nh kt cu thp v kt cu thp nh. Bi ging Cao hc
cho chuyn ngnh Xy dng dn dng v cng nghip. T sch sau i hc. i
hc Xy dng. 2001.
4. Nguyn Quang Vin. Kt cu thp cng trnh cao. Bi ging Cao hc cho
chuyn ngnh Xy dng dn dng v cng nghip. T sch sau i hc. i hc
Xy dng. 2001.
5. Lu Th Trnh (ch bin), Vn Bnh. n nh cng trnh. Nh xut bn Khoa
hc v k thut H Ni. 2006.
6. L Ngc Hng. Sc bn vt liu. Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut H Ni.
2002.
7. Kt cu thp Tiu chun thit k. TCXDVN 338 : 2005.
8. Nguyn Mnh Hng. Nghin cu tnh ton ci to v nng cp ct thp cho
ng dy ti in trn khng ti Vit Nam. Lun vn Thc s k thut. i hc
Xy dng. H Ni. 2007.
9. L Anh Tun. n nh ca kt cu thp ng. Lun vn Thc s k thut. i hc
Xy dng. H Ni. 2006.
10. Cng ty t vn xy dng in 1. Cng trnh DK 220 kVA Ph Li Qung
Ninh: Bo co tnh hnh cc ct A, B, C b s c bin dng trong qu trnh thi
cng tp 1, 2, 3, v 4, nm 2000.
Ti liu ting Anh
11. Eurocode 3 Design of steel structures. Part 1 General Structural rules. EN
1993 1-1 : 2002.
85

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TI: LA CHN GII PHP TNG CNG TIT DIN THANH CNH THP THP DNG DN.

Hc vin trn trng cm n PGS.TS Nguyn Quang Vin cng tp th

Do kh nng v thi gian c hn, ni dung ca lun vn cn c thiu st,

HC VIN: V TIN QUYT CHXD 2008.

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

DANH MC CC BNG BIU

Chng I: TNG QUAN

1.1. Tng quan v thp thp dng dn.

1.1.1. Hnh dng ca thp.

1.1.2. Cu to h thanh ca thp.

1.1.3. Cu to vch cng ngang ca thp.

1.1.4. Ti trng tc ng ln thp.

1.1.5. Tnh ton ni lc.

1.2. Tnh thc tin ca ti.

1.3. Phm vi nghin cu ca ti.

1.4. Ni dung chnh cn t c ca ti.

Chng II: MT S GII PHP TNG CNG TIT DIN THANH

2.1.2. Tnh ton n nh cc thanh ca thp thp dng dn.

2.2. Cc gii php tng cng tit din thanh.

2.2.1. Cc tiu ch i vi gii php tng cng tit din thanh.

2.2.2.1 Thm mt thp gc u cnh vo mt trong thanh c bn.

2.2.2.2. Thm hai thp bn vo hai cnh thanh c bn.

2.2.2.3. Thm mt thp gc u cnh, hn sng thanh tng cng vo sng

2.2.2.4. Thm mt thp gc u cnh, m lin kt l thp gc u cnh.

2.2.2.5. Thm mt thp gc u cnh, m lin kt l thp bn.

2.2.2.6. Thm mt thp bn vo sng ca thanh c bn.

HC VIN: V TIN QUYT CHXD 2008.

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2.2.2.7. Thm mt na thp hnh I vo sng thanh c bn.

2.2.3. Tng cng tit din cho thanh c bn l thp ng.

2.2.3.1.Thm mt thp bn.

2.2.3.2.Thm hai thp bn.

2.2.3.3.Thm mt thp gc u cnh.

2.2.3.4.Thm hai thp gc u cnh.

2.2.3.5.Thm mt na thp hnh I.

2.2.3.6.Thm hai na thp hnh I.

2.3. Kt lun chng II.

Chng III: MT S KHO ST BNG S V HIU QU TNG

3.1.1.Thm mt thp gc u cnh, hn sng thanh ghp vo sng thanh c bn

3.1.2.Thm mt thp gc u cnh, m lin kt l thp bn, lin kt hn hoc

3.1.3.Thm mt thanh thp bn vo sng ca thanh c bn.

3.1.4.Thm mt na thp hnh I vo sng thanh c bn.

3.2. Tng cng tit din cho thanh c bn l thp ng.

3.2.1.Thm mt thp bn.

3.2.2.Thm hai thp bn.

3.2.3.Thm mt thp gc u cnh.

3.2.4.Thm hai thp gc u cnh.

3.2.5.Thm mt na thp hnh I.

3.2.6.Thm hai na thp hnh I.

3.3. Kt lun chng III.

Chng IV: KT LUN, KIN NGH HNG PHT TRIN CA TI

4.1.1. Ni dung chnh ca ti.

4.1.2. Kt lun chung.

4.2. Kin ngh hng pht trin ca ti.

TI LIU THAM KHO

HC VIN: V TIN QUYT CHXD 2008.

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Hnh 1.2 - Mt ng thp thay i dc mt ln.

Hnh 1.3 - Mt ng thp thay i dc nhiu ln.

Hnh 1.4 - Cc dng tit din thanh ca thp dng dn.

Hnh 1.5 - Cc dng thanh bng ca thp thp dng dn.

Hnh 1.6 - Cc loi vch cng ngang dng dn ca thp thp.

Hnh 1.7 - Cch tnh dn phng chu ti trng ngang.

Hnh 2.1 - Mt ct ngang tit din thp ng.