Introduction:

A transmission line is a material or structure that forms a path for directing the transmission of the energy from one place to another, such as electromagnetic waves or acoustic waves, as well as electric power transmission. In communication and electronic engineering, the term base a more specific meaning .in this fields, transmission lines are specialized cable and other media designed to carry alternating current and electromagnetic waves of radio frequency. That is current with a frequency high enough that is wave nature must be taken into account. Transmission lines are used for purpose such as connecting radio transmitters and receive with their antennas, distributing cable television signals, and computer network connections. Transmission lines use specialized contraction such as preside conductors dimensions and spacing, and impedance matching, to carry electromagnetic signals with minimal reflection and power losses. Types of transmission lines include ladder line coaxial cable,, dielectric cables, strip lines , optical fiber and naregudies. To conduct energy at frequency above the radio range, such as millimeter waves, infrared and lights , the waves become much smaller than the dimension of the structure used to guide them so transmission lines techniques become methods of optics are used .

Objective: y To measurement of the voltage increase and charging power in lines of

different lengths on no-load operation.

y To explain the concept of operating capacitance. By different performance

characteristic of over load transmission line and cable.

Theory:
Power transmission lines are designed to transmit large values of power between even far points (hundred and sometimes thousand of kilometer). Generally power plants are created where an energy source is available. Then these plants will serve all users located in industrial areas. The operating voltage is choosing according to minimize joule effect losses. It can immediately by realized that sources will be reduced when current it reduced, but when huge volumes of power have to be sent, energy will be exclusively transmitted with high voltages (of same hundreds of KV). All that will lead to consider also the accessories that are step-up transformers at the origin and the respective step down transformers at the destination of the lines. The parameter of capacitance is directly proportional the length of the transformer line, its concentrated into an equivalent total of capacitance only for easier study. Actually the parameters of a transmission line (capacitance and resistance in this particular case) are distributed crossing to line resistor the capacitance current will produce power losses occurring even when the transmission line is in no-load condition. The complex of receiving end of transmission lines is:

For constant power factor angle,    

And And And

for constant at power load for constant current load for constant impedance load

The generally line equations are:

   lag

The receiving and load current by

 

by

where

is the reference phasor and

lead

  and Is

 

Also, Where,

The receiving and current

The transmission line loss



 is:

Apparatus:
y 1 three phase supply unit. y 1 power switch module y 1 Three phase transformer. y 1 transmission line model. y 2 lines capacitors. y 2 voltmeters 600v. y 1 power meter. (active and reactive power) y 1 set of safety connecting leads. y 1 ser of safety connecting leads, green and yellow. y 3 sets of safety bridging plugs, black. y 1 set of safety bridging plugs, green, yellow. (cat no. 500851) (cat no. 500852) (cat no. 50059) (cat no. 500591) (cat no. 72675) (cat no. 745561) (cat no. 74550) (cat no. 74551 ) (cat no. 74550 )

Method:
1- Assemble the circuit as shown in fig 2.2 (circuit for mitigating the operated performance of the transmission line in no-load occupation (line length 40). 2- Using the ending plugs, set the secondary-side voltage of the three-phase to ___, the connection of the loading plug mode for this experiment means that possible transmission line length, 140km, has been selected. The characteristic features of no load operation are thus minimized. 3- After that measured the voltage between the two outer conductors at the beginning and end of the line, as well as the reactive power consumed by one of the phase, if measured the ,
 and

and ratio

4- After the measured that change the line length to 216 km by reconnecting the operating bridging plugs as shown in fig 2.3 (circuit for investigating the operating performance of a transmission line of , , , and ratio .

5- After measured that, change the line length to 360km by reconnecting the bridging plugs as shown in fig 2.4 and react the measurement of 6- Enter the measured changing reactive power , , , and ratio . to in a

and the calculated ratio of

diagram a function of the corresponding line length. Sketch the graph.

Result:
The voltage between the two outer conductors at the beginning and end of the line, as well as the reactive power consumed by one of the phases. = 430V =440V ratio = = 1.023

= 6.1Var Change line length to 360km in fig 2.4 and replaced the measured =435V =470V ratio = 1.08

= 6.1Var

Discussion:
In this experiment on the transmission line performance of the measurement of the voltage increase and changing power in lines of different length in no load operation. The explanation of the concept of operating capacitance. Different performance characteristics of overhead transmission line. The result we do step by step the measurement different line length in circuit for investigating the operating performance of transmission line in no load operation. The graph of combination of liner graph reactive power versus line length will increased. Same from graph ratio versus line length from this experiment, the transmission line characteristic will accounts result of no load operation.

Conclusion:
This experiment performance at no load transmission line in no load operation. The experiment proves to measurement the voltage increase and changing power in line of different line length will achieve and successful accurate result. The line of overhead characteristic and operation concept capacitance will get the increase graph investigating line.

DIVISION OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING FACULTY OF ENGINEERING CODE COURSE EXPERIMENT NO. TITLE OF EXPERIMENT NAME MATRICS NUMBER SEMESTER GROUP LECTURER NAME DATE OF SUBMISSION 1-2011-2012 7 Mr. MESSIKH TAREQ 27 oct 2011 Attendance Synopsis/Introduction Objective Theory Apparatus Method MARKS Result/Data/Calculation Discussion/Recommendation Q&A Conclusion Reference/Appendix Total COMMENTS Yes/No KKS 3181 POWER SYSTEM & ELECTRCAL MACHINE LAB

2
TARNSMISSION LINE PERFORMANCE (NO LOAD )