106/108/CD

COMMITTEE DRAFT (CD)

IEC/TC or SC : Project number

TC 106 IEC 62110
Title of TC/SC: Date of circulation Closing date for comments
2006-01-20 2006-04-21
Methods for the assessment of electric,
magnetic and electromagnetic fields associated
with human exposure
Also of interest to the following committees Supersedes document
106/75/NP and 106/85/RVN
Functions concerned:
Safety EMC Environment Quality
assurance
Secretary: THIS DOCUMENT IS STILL UNDER STUDY AND SUBJECT TO
Michel Bourdages CHANGE . IT SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES .
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT , W ITH
THEIR COMMENTS , NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
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SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION .

Title:
IEC 62110: Measurement Procedures of Electric and Magnetic Field levels Generated
by AC Power Systems with Regard to Human Exposure

(Titre) :

CEI 62110 : Procédures pour la mesure des champs électriques et magnétiques

générés par les réseaux d’énergie électrique CA en rapport avec l’exposition
humaine

Introductory note
This document has been prepared by Project Team 62110, convened by Dr. Yukio Mizuno

Copyright © 2006 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is

permitted to download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole
purpose of preparing National Committee positions. You may not copy or "mirror" the file or
printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without permission in
writing from IEC.

FORM CD (IEC)
2002-08-08
 2 106/108/CD

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

_____________________

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD

LEVELS GENERATED BY AC POWER SYSTEMS WITH REGARD TO
HUMAN EXPOSURE

FOREWORD
1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote
international cooperation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is
entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may
participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the
two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
from all interested National Committees.
3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the
form of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National
Committees in that sense.
4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International
Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any
divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
indicated in the latter.
5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.
6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject
of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 62110 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 106
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting
indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until ______.
At this date, the publication will be
ƒ reconfirmed;
ƒ withdrawn;
ƒ replaced by a revised edition, or
ƒ amended.

__________
62110 © IEC:2006 –3– 106/108/CD

CONTENTS

1 Scope ...............................................................................................................................5
2 Normative references .......................................................................................................5
3 Terms and definitions .......................................................................................................5
4 Measurement principle for electric and magnetic fields .....................................................6
4.1 Instruments .............................................................................................................6
4.2 Harmonic content ....................................................................................................6
4.3 Record of measurement result.................................................................................6
5 Measurement procesures for electric field ........................................................................7
5.1 Fundamental procedure...........................................................................................7
5.2 Procedure for finding the maximum exposure level in the area of interest................7
5.3 Precautions during measurement ............................................................................8
5.3.1 Field orientation...........................................................................................8
5.3.2 Measurement locations ................................................................................8
6 Measurement procedures for magnetic field .....................................................................8
6.1 Fundamental procedure...........................................................................................8
6.1.1 Determination of uniformity ..........................................................................8
6.1.2 Non-uniform magnetic field ..........................................................................8
6.1.3 Uniform magnetic field .................................................................................9
6.2 Procedure for finding the maximum exposure level in the area of interest................9
6.2.1 Overhead line ..............................................................................................9
6.2.2 Underground cables ....................................................................................9
6.2.3 Power distribution equipment for underground system .................................9
6.2.4 Substation ................................................................................................. 10
6.3 Precautions during measurement .......................................................................... 10
6.3.1 Measurement locations .............................................................................. 10
6.3.2 Effects from other sources ......................................................................... 10

Annex A(informative) Characteristics of electric fields generated by AC overhead lines ........ 11

Annex B(informative) Characteristics of magnetic field generated by AC power systems....... 14
Annex C(informative) Examples of calculation procedure of electric field level ...................... 18
Annex D(informative) Examples of calculation procedure of magnetic field level ................... 21
Annex E(informative) Concept of 3-points measurement corresponding to whole body
average .......................................................................................................................... 26

Bibliography.......................................................................................................................... 41
62110 © IEC:2006 –4– 106/108/CD

Introduction

Electric and magnetic field exposure now occurs to all populations of the world, and the levels
will continue to increase with developing industry and technology. Thus, people have come to
pay much more attention to their exposure to electric and magnetic fields as one of possible
environmental problems. Therefore common measurement procedures of electric and
magnetic fields with regard to human exposure are strongly desired by not only professionals
of national authorities and electric power industries but also the general public.

Under these circumstances, this standard establishes measurement procedures aiming at

evaluating the exposure levels of the human body to the electric and magnetic fields on the
general public, which are simple and concrete so that anyone who carries out the
measurement follows the common procedures. Measurement procedures can be used for
assessing a compliance with exposure guidelines or limits, such as ICNIRP (International
Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) Guidelines and IEEE (Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers) standards. This standard applies to the measurement of the
fields generated by AC power systems around houses, buildings and other places accessible
by the general public.

This standard refers only to the general public exposure. Measurement procedures of electric
and magnetic field levels in occupational environments would be the subjects of a separate
standard. Considering the recent world-wide interest in electric and magnetic field levels in
public space and needs for early establishment of measurement procedures, this decision
seems reasonable and acceptable.
62110 © IEC:2006 –5– 106/108/CD

MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES OF ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD

LEVELS GENERATED BY AC POWER SYSTEMS WITH REGARD TO
HUMAN EXPOSURE
1 Scope

This standard establishes measurement procedures of electric and magnetic field levels
generated by AC power systems to evaluate the exposure levels of human body to these
fields. The target of this standard is to provide measurement procedures of non-uniform field
levels as well as uniform fields. The spatially averaged values over the entire body of the
exposed individual are given by these procedures. The measurement procedure of uniform
field levels is also provided.

This standard should be generally applied to the public exposure in living environment and in
public accessible areas and is not applicable to the occupational exposure associated with the
operation and/or maintenance of the power systems.

This standard is applicable to electric and magnetic fields of AC power frequency, which are
used in most countries for power transmission. This standard is not applicable to DC power
transmission system.

2 Normative references

The following reference documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

IEC 61786: Measurement of low-frequency magnetic and electric fields with regard to
exposure of human beings –Special requirements for instruments and guidance for
measurements

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions given below apply. The
internationally accepted SI-units are used throughout the standard.
NOTE – Throughout this standard, the words “magnetic flux density” and “magnetic field” will be considered
synonymous.

3.1
Average exposure level of human body to the fields
Different definitions of exposure limits can be found in existing guidelines or standards. In this
standard, exposure levels must be understood as the spatial average over the entire human
body of the fields to which the individual is exposed.

3.2
Maximum exposure level of human body to the fields
The maximum of the “average exposure level of human body to the fields” over the area of
interest

3.3
Power system
A system consisting of overhead lines and underground cables, substations and other power
distribution and transmission equipment, to which the general public can access
62110 © IEC:2006 –6– 106/108/CD

4 Measurement principle for electric and magnetic fields

4.1 Instruments

Instruments for measuring electric and magnetic fields shall meet the requirements of
calibration and specification given by IEC 61786 or other appropriate national or international
standard.

A three-axis instrument measures r.m.s. values of resultant field F r . A single-axis instrument

can be used to obtain F r by measuring F x , F y , and F z, using equation (1).

2 2 2
Fr = Fx + Fy + Fz (1)

where,

F x, F y , and F z are r.m.s. values of the orthogonal three-axis components of electric or

magnetic field.

F r can also be obtained by measuring F max and F min , using equation (2).

2 2
Fr = Fmax + Fmin (2)

where,

F max is the maximum r.m.s. value of the semi-major axis of the field ellipse;

F min is the minimum r.m.s. value of the semi-minor axis of the field ellipse.

4.2 Harmonic content

Harmonics are generally caused by non-linear equipment. They are sometimes present on the
transmission lines and more usual on the distribution lines. The level of harmonics can hardly
be predicted. If the harmonic voltage level or current cannot be neglected, the response of
certain field strength meters is influenced by high levels of harmonic content. To obtain an
estimate of the amount of harmonic content, a qualitative observation can be made with an
oscilloscope connected to the detector with a flat response with field. Replacement of the
oscilloscope with a wave analyser or instrument equipped with filter would permit
measurements, in percent, of the various harmonic contents.

4.3 Record of measurement result

In the measurement report, the following information should be recorded,

- date and time when the measurement was carried out;

- precise spatial position where the measurement was carried out;

- type, nominal voltage, arrangement of the power system which generated the measured
fields;

- the person/company who performed the measurement;

- information about instruments which IEC 61786 prescribed;

62110 © IEC:2006 –7– 106/108/CD

- type, spatial position, and operating condition of other field sources near the measurement
point;

- type, sort of material, dimension and spatial position of permanent and movable objects
for electric field measurement, and magnetic and nonmagnetic objects for magnetic field
measurement, near the measurement point;

If possible, following information may be recorded,

- sketch and/or photograph of the measurement site. Measurement location and other field
sources may also be specified on the sketch;

- current values flowing when the magnetic field measurement is carried out;

- an estimation of the error of measurement. Measurement uncertainty can be estimated

using a procedure proposed by e.g. IEC 61786.

The above information is important when the measurement results are compared with the
predicted levels and/or other case.

5 Measurement procedures for electric field

5.1 Fundamental procedure

The electric field level under high voltage overhead lines should be measured at a height of
1,0 m above ground level, or if another height is used, it shall be explicitly recorded.
Because non-uniformity of electric fields under high voltage overhead lines can be negligible,
one point measurement is sufficient to assess the average exposure level of human body.
The probe should be oriented to read the vertical electric field level, because this quantity is
often used to characterise induction effects in objects close to ground surface.

The distance between the electric field meter and operator should be at least 1,5 m. It is
important for the operator to be separated from the meter to prevent perturbation of the field
being measured. The separation should be at least 1,5 m to achieve an error of less than 5 %
or 3,0 m to achieve an error of less than 1 % [CIGRE TF C4.2.03 in preparation]. The best
way of assuring this distance, and in many cases of increasing it, is using fibre optic for
transmission of data captured by the probe and if necessary the use of a non conductive
support.

Generally, it is only high voltage overhead lines that produce electric fields that are of interest.
The electric field levels are lower near lower-voltage overhead lines, distribution equipment
and around substations. Underground cables are shielded, and therefore produce no external
electric field.

5.2 Procedure for finding the maximum exposure level in the area of interest

Electric field level varies with the height of the conductor, and therefore, the maximum value
of electric field along the line should be found by measuring a longitudinal profile. To do this,
electric field level should be measured, along the path parallel to the overhead line, with
appropriate intervals to find the maximum level in the area of interest. The measurement may
be performed along the path just below the conductors where the maximum level can be
found. To discover whether another peak occurs in a direction perpendicular to the overhead
line, measurement should be performed along a path perpendicular to the overhead line
(transverse profile).

When a position corresponding to the maximum field level is already known in the area of
interest, measurement should be performed at that position.
62110 © IEC:2006 –8– 106/108/CD

5.3 Precautions during measurement

5.3.1 Field orientation

The electric field adjacent to a conducting surface is normal to the surface. Since the ground
is conducting, the horizontal component of the electric field can be neglected close to the
ground surface. Single-axis measurement (vertical component) would therefore be sufficient
near the ground. Some examples of calculated electric field levels at height of 1,0 m above
the ground level under overhead lines are shown in Annex A. These demonstrates that even
at 1,0 m above ground the horizontal component is still small compared with vertical one (see
figure A.2).

5.3.2 Measurement locations

In order to make electric field level measurements representing the unperturbed field at a
given location, the area should be free of movable objects, as much as possible, such as
vehicles, people and other large portable items. It should be noted that the influence of
vegetation (trees or tall grass) on the electric field level can be significant. In general, field
enhancement occurs near the top of isolated vegetation and field attenuation occurs near the
sides. The field perturbation can depend markedly on water content in the vegetation.

Non-permanent objects should be at least three times the height of the object away from the
point of measurement in order to measure the unperturbed field value.

6 Measurement procedures for magnetic field

6.1 Fundamental procedure

6.1.1 Determination of uniformity

If the field does not vary with height, it is said to be uniform.

Non-uniformity is defined as the maximum value of ( Bh − Bave ) / Bave ×100 [%], where Bh is
the magnetic field level at three different heights (0,5 m, 1,0 m, 1,5 m above the ground), and
Bave is the arithmetic mean of the three levels.

When non-uniformity is 30 % or less, the magnetic field is considered as uniform. It is not

necessary to identify the uniformity of each magnetic field by measuring at the three heights.
Examples of uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields generated by AC power systems are
shown in Annex B.

In general, non-uniform fields are found close to power system equipment, such as
substations, underground cables and distribution equipment. At greater distance, such as
beneath overhead lines, fields are generally uniform according to this definition.

It is necessary to determine the average exposure level, which is the spatial averaged field
over the entire human body (see 3.1). The method is different for uniform and non-uniform
fields. If the field is non-uniform, the procedure in 6.1.2 should be followed, and if it is
uniform, use the procedure in 6.1.3.

6.1.2 Non-uniform magnetic field

The magnetic field level at the position of interest should be measured at the three heights,
0,5 m, 1,0 m, and 1,5 m above the ground or floor level in a building. The average exposure
level is equal to the arithmetic mean of those three measured levels.
62110 © IEC:2006 –9– 106/108/CD

6.1.3 Uniform magnetic field

The magnetic field level at the point of interest should be measured at a height of 1,0 m
above the ground or the floor in a building. The average exposure level is equal to the
measured level.

6.2 Procedure for finding the maximum exposure level in the area of interest

6.2.1 Overhead line

Magnetic field level varies with the height of the conductor, and therefore, the maximum value
of magnetic field along the line should be found by measuring a longitudinal profile. To do this,
magnetic field level should be measured, along the path parallel to the overhead line, with
appropriate intervals to find the maximum level in the area of interest. The measurement may
be performed along the path just below the conductors where the maximum level can be
found. To discover whether another peak occurs in a direction perpendicular to the overhead
line, measurement should be performed along a path perpendicular to the overhead line
(transverse profile).

When a position corresponding to the maximum field level is already known in the area of
interest, measurement should be performed at that position.

6.2.2 Underground cables

Magnetic field level should be measured at a height of 1,0 m above the ground, along the
path considered to be perpendicular to the underground line, with appropriate intervals to find
the maximum level in the area of interest. At the position where the maximum field level is
found, use the non-uniform field measurement procedure (see 6.1.2).

Magnetic field is approximately constant along underground cables, except in some special
locations such as splice chamber, joint bay or change of depth. Such locations can be found
by making measurements along the cable route, seeking the maximum at 1,0 m height. If
there are particular area of interest, measurement with the same procedure (transverse
profile) described above may be repeated.

When a position corresponding to the maximum field level is already known in the area of
interest, measurement should be performed at that position.

6.2.3 Power distribution equipment for underground system

Underground system includes pad-mounted transformers, multi-circuit switches and vertical

cables.

Magnetic field level should be measured at a height of 1,0 m above the ground, around the
equipment at a horizontal distance of 0,3 m from the surface of the equipment, at appropriate
intervals to find the maximum level in the area of interest.

Locally, higher magnetic fields may be found closer to the surface of the equipment.
However, those values are not considered as representative of normal exposure situations of
the general public.

At the position where the maximum field level is found (at 0,3 m from the surface of the
equipment), use the non-uniform field measurement procedure (see 6.1.2).

When a position corresponding to the maximum field level is already known in the area of
interest, measurement should be performed at that position.
62110 © IEC:2006 – 10 – 106/108/CD

6.2.4 Substation

A similar procedure, as for power distribution equipment for underground system, should be
used.

In many cases, the maximum field can occur under the overhead lines or above the
underground cables connecting to the substation.

In the case where the area above a built-in substation is occupied, the magnetic field level
should be measured at a height of 0,3 m above the floor at selected positions at suitable
intervals to find the maximum magnetic field level in the area of interest.

When a position corresponding to the maximum field level is already known in the area of
interest, measurement should be performed at that position.

6.3 Precautions during measurement

6.3.1 Measurement locations

Non-permanent objects containing magnetic materials should be at least three times the
height of the object away from the point of measurement in order to measure the unperturbed
field value.

If it is impossible to move the objects, relevant information about them, e.g. type of objects,
location relative to the measurement point, etc. should be recorded.

6.3.2 Effects from other sources

Magnetic field sources other than power systems near the measurement point should be
removed or turned off to minimise the influence on the measurement result. If it is impossible
to remove or turn off the sources, relevant information about them, e.g. type of source,
location relative to the measurement point, etc. should be recorded.
62110 © IEC:2006 – 11 – 106/108/CD

Annex A
(informative)

Characteristics of electric fields generated by AC overhead lines

A.1 Introduction

Just the spatial profiles of electric field levels above the ground generated by high voltage
overhead lines is of interest because electric field levels seem quite low under low and
medium voltage power systems, around power distribution equipment and in the surrounding
of substations. In the case of underground lines, electric field is shielded.

This Annex shows examples of calculation results of a spatial profile of electric field
generated by overhead transmission lines.

A.2 Spatial profiles of electric field

A.2.1 Non-uniformity

Figure A.1 shows an example of a calculation result of a spatial profile of the electric field
generated by an overhead transmission line as a function of distance x (m) from the centre of
the conductors, at heights of 0,5 m, 1,0 m, and 1,5 m above the ground. The specification of
the transmission line is following; 77 kV, double-circuit line, transposed phase sequence,
vertical configuration. The diameter of the conductor is 25,3 mm. “Non-uniformity” is defined
as the maximum value of ( Eh − E ave ) / Eave X100 [%], where Eh is the electric field level at
each height, and Eave is the arithmetic mean of the three levels.

3.2m 3.2m
400 100
1.5m 3.0m
350
90 3.5m 3.5m
1.0m
80
300 0.5m 3.0m
3.8m 3.8m
Electric Field (V/m)

Non-uniformity 70
Non-uniformity [%]

250
60

200 50
conductor
40
150 11.0m
30
100
20
50 1.0m
10
G.L.
0 0
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 distance(m)
distance x (m)

Figure A.1 - Spatial profile of the electric field under an overhead transmission line

A.2.2 Vertical and horizontal components

Figure A.2 shows an example of a calculation result of a spatial profile of vertical and
horizontal components of the electric field generated by an overhead transmission line as a
function of distance x (m) from the centre of the conductors, at a height of 1,0 m above the
ground. The specification of the transmission line is following; 77 kV, double-circuit line,
transposed phase sequence, vertical configuration. The diameter of the conductor is 25,3 mm.
62110 © IEC:2006 – 12 – 106/108/CD

400
resultant
350
Electric Field (V/m)
horizontal
300 vertical

250
200
150
100
50
0
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
distance x (m)

Figure A.2 - Spatial profile of the electric field under an overhead transmission line

Because the vertical component and resultant electric fields are almost the same as shown in
this figure, the single-axis (vertical component) measurement of the electric field is
acceptable.

A.2.3 Phase arrangement

Figure A.3 shows an example of a calculation result of a spatial profile of the electric field
generated by an overhead transmission line with both case of the untransposed and the
transposed phase sequence as a function of distance x (m) from the centre of the conductors,
at a height of 1,0 m above the ground. The specification of the transmission line is following;
77 kV, double-circuit line, vertical configuration. The diameter of the conductor is 25,3 mm.

900 phase sequence

A A A C
800 B B B B

700
Electric Field (V/m)

C C C A

Untransposed transposed
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
distance x (m)

Figure A.3 - Spatial profile of the electric field under an overhead transmission line
62110 © IEC:2006 – 13 – 106/108/CD

A.2.4 Proximity effect

Figure A.4 shows an example of a calculation result of a contour plot of the electric field
generated by a 25 kV distribution line close to a tall building. The maximum field is located on
the wall at the position close to the conductor. At the ground level, field is reduced by the
building.

20

E (kV/m)
10
5
15 1
0.5
0.1
0.01
Building
Height (m)

10

0
-5 0 5 10
Distance from power line center (m)

Figure A.4 - Electric Field contour of a 25 kV distribution line (conductor height of 11,0
m, conductors separation of 1,12 m, 20,0 m height building located at 7,0 m from power
line centre)
Electric Field Intensity Along the building surface (kV/m)

0.08
0.30
Electric Field at 1m from the ground (kV/m)

0.25
0.06

0.20

0.15 0.04

0.10
0.02

0.05

0.00 0.00
0 5 10 15 20 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

Height from the ground (m) Distance from the center of the power line (m)

Figure A.5 - Electric field profile along the wall of the building or at the ground level

A.3 Temporal variations of electric field

The electric field levels generated by a overhead line hardly change because the voltage of
the overhead line is almost stable.
62110 © IEC:2006 – 14 – 106/108/CD

Annex B
(informative)

Characteristics of magnetic field generated by AC power systems

B.1 Introduction

The distribution of magnetic field generated by power systems shows different characteristics,
depending on the type. Therefore it is necessary to choose a proper measurement method
after understanding the characteristics of the target system.

If the magnetic field is uniform, the exposure of the human body to it can be evaluated
through a spot measurement because the levels obtained by a spot measurement equal to the
spatial average of the magnetic field level. If the magnetic field is not uniform though, it is
necessary to find a measured level that represents the spatially averaged level in the human
body.

In addition, as the current flowing through a power system varies with time, the magnetic
fields generated by the power system also fluctuate with time.

This Annex shows calculation results of spatial profiles of magnetic field generated by power
systems. An example of measured time variation of magnetic field near a transmission line is
also shown.

B.2 Spatial profiles of magnetic field

Non-uniformity is defined as the maximum value of ( Bh − Bave ) / Bave X100 [%], where Bh is
the magnetic field level at height of 0,5 m, 1,0 m, and 1,5 m above the ground, and Bave is
the arithmetic mean of the three levels.

B.2.1 Overhead transmission line

Figure B.1 shows a calculation example of the spatial profiles of the magnetic field generated
by an overhead transmission line (77 kV, double-circuit line, vertical configuration) as a
function of x, distance from the centre of the conductor, with heights of 0,5 m, 1,0 m, and 1,5
m above the ground. The current condition used for the calculation is balanced current of 200
A, and the phase arrangement is untransposed.

3.2m 3.2m
1.8 100

90
3.0m
1.6 0.5m 3.5m 3.5m
1.0m 80
1.4 1.5m 3.0m
Magnetic Field (μT）

3.8m 3.8m
Non-uniformity [%]

Non-uniformity 70
1.2
60
1
50
0.8
conductor
40
11.0m
0.6
30
0.4
20
0.2 10 1.0m
G.L.
0 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 distance(m)
distance x (m)

Figure B.1 - Spatial profile of magnetic field under an overhead transmission line
62110 © IEC:2006 – 15 – 106/108/CD

The profiles of magnetic fields change depending on phase arrangement, the conductors
spacing and circuit configuration.

B.2.2 Overhead distribution line

Figure B.2 shows a calculation example of the spatial profile of the magnetic field
generated by an overhead distribution line (6 600 V / 100 V) as a function of x, distance from
the centre of the pole, with heights of 0,5 m, 1,0 m, and 1,5 m above the ground. The current
condition used for the calculation is unbalanced current of 200 A, 190 A, and 150 A for
conductors of the 6 600 V line respectively, and balanced current of 100 A for 100 V line
except for the neutral conductor. The current flowing through the distribution line is often
unbalanced depending on load conditions.

high voltage line (6600 V)

1.2 100%

0.5m
90%
1.0m 0.85m 0.85m
1.0 1.5m
80%
Non-uniformity (%)

70% 0.3m low voltage

0.3m line (１00 V)

Non-uniformity [%]
0.8
Magnetic Field (μT)

60%
neutral
0.6 50% conductor
12.3m
40%

0.4
10.3m
30%

20%
0.2

10%

0.0 0%
-5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
G.L.
Ｘ(m)
X(m) 0

Figure B.2 - Spatial profile of magnetic field under an overhead distribution line

B.2.3 Underground transmission cables

Figure B.3 shows a calculation example of the spatial profile of the magnetic field generated
by an underground transmission cables (77 kV, double circuits, horizontal configuration) as a
function of x, distance from the centre of the conductor, with the heights of 0,5 m, 1,0 m, and
1,5 m above the ground. The current condition for the calculation is balanced current of 200 A
and the phase arrangement is untransposed.

3.0 100%

0.5m
1.0m 90%

1.5m
2.5
Non-uniformity (%) 80% 0
G.L.
70%
X (m)
Non-uniformity [%]

2.0

1.85m cable
Magnetic Field (μT)

60%

1.5 50%

0.35m
40%

1.0
0.35m
30%

0.5
20% 0.5m 0.5m
10%

0.0 0%
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
X(m)

Figure B.3 - Spatial profile of magnetic field above an underground transmission

cables
62110 © IEC:2006 – 16 – 106/108/CD

The spatial profiles of magnetic fields generated by the underground transmission cables are
less uniform with transposed than with the untransposed phasing.

B.2.4 Underground distribution cables

Figure B.4 shows the spatial profile of the magnetic field generated by an underground
distribution cables (6 600 V, triple circuits, each circuit consists a twisted three-wire cable) as
a function of x, distance from the centre of the cables, with heights of 0,5 m, 1,0 m, and 1,5 m
above the ground. The current condition used for the calculation is balanced current of 200 A.

200%

0.14 0.5m
180%
1.0m
1.5m
0.12 160%
Non-uniformity (%) 0
G.L.

Non-uniformity [%]
0.10
140%
duct
0.6m X (m)
Magnetic Field (μT)

120%

0.08
100%

0.06 80% 0.25m 0.25m

60% triplex cable
0.04

40%

0.02
20% 3cm
0.00 0%
-5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
X(m)

Figure B.4 - Spatial profile of magnetic field above an underground distribution cables

The distribution of magnetic fields generated by underground distribution cables greatly

change depending on whether the currents of each phase are balanced or not. When they are
balanced, the magnetic field level is very low, and decreases quite rapidly as the distance
from the cables increases.

B.2.5 Equipment for underground distribution system

Figure B.5 shows the spatial profile of the magnetic field generated by equipment for an
underground distribution system (6 600 V pad-mounted transformer, 6 600 V multi circuit
switch, etc.) and non-uniformity, as a function of x, distance from the surface of the equipment,
with heights of 0,5 m, 1,0 m, and 1,5 m above the ground. The current condition used for the
calculation is balanced and rated current of each equipment.

100 100%
0.5m
90%
1.0m
80 1.5m 80% H=1.5m
Non-uniformity(%)
70%
H=1.0m
magnetic field （μT)

non-uniformity (%)

60 60%
H=0.5m
50%

40 40%

30% 0
20 20%

10%
6.6kV line : （5A）
100/200V : （129A）
0 0%
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
X （ｍ）

Figure B.5 - Spatial profile of magnetic field around a pad-mounted transformer

62110 © IEC:2006 – 17 – 106/108/CD

B.2.6 Vertical cables

Figure B.6 shows the spatial profile of the magnetic field generated by vertical cables (6 600
V, triplex type cable which is usually set in a steel pipe and each phase cable is twisted) and
non-uniformity, as a function of x, distance from the surface of the cable or steel pipe, with
heights of 0,5 m, 1,0 m, and 1,5 m above the ground. The current condition used for the
calculation is balanced and rated current of each cable.

6.6kV line　
100 （510A）
150 0.5m 90
1.0m Switch
1.5m 80
120
Non-uniformity(%) 70
magnetic field (μT)

non-uniformity (%)
60
90
50 Triplex cable

40 100V line
60
（288A）
30

30 20 H=1.5m
Steel pipe
10 H=1.0m

0 0 H=0.5m
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
X (m) G. L.
0 X(m)

Figure B.6 - Spatial profile of magnetic field around vertical cables

B.3 Temporal variations of magnetic field generated by overhead line

Figure B.7 shows an example of time variation of the magnetic field levels under an overhead
transmission line, which were measured for a week at a fixed position. The magnetic field
generated by the overhead line fluctuates with change of the load current. Consequently, the
magnetic field level changes depending on the time whether it is day or night, it is a workday
or not, it is spring or summer etc.

6.0

5.0
HighJuly
demand season
Magnetic Field（μＴ）

4.0

3.0

2.0 Low October

demand season

1.0

0.0
mon tue wed thr fri sat sun

Figure B.7 - Measurement example of magnetic field levels generated by an overhead

transmission line for one week at a fixed position
62110 © IEC:2006 – 18 – 106/108/CD

Annex C
(informative)

Examples of calculation procedure of electric field level

C.1 General Method for Transmission Lines

The potential V at a point located at a distance r from a linear charge distribution λ disposed
in parallel to the ground and maintained at a distance h as shown in Figure C.1 is expressed
as:

λ 2h
V = ln (C.1)
2πε r

To take in account the ground effect, computation can be made by using the charge
equivalent to -λ at the position –h.:

λ 1 λ 1
| E1 |= and | E 2 |=
2πε R1 2πε R2
R1 = ( X C − X P ) 2 + (h − YP ) 2 and R2 = ( X C − X P ) 2 + ( h + YP ) 2
λ
h
R1
Ex1
YP
E1
E2 Ey1

Xc Xp

R2

-λ

Figure C.1 - Linear charge distribution above the ground

The field vectors E 1 and E 2 can be decomposed as orthogonal components.:

X P − XC h − YP
E1x =| E1 | and E1 y =| E1 |
R1 R1
As the same for field component

XP − XC h + YP
E2 x = − | E2 | and E 2 y = − | E 2 |
R2 R2

Finally, the component of resultant Er are :

λ ⎡ X P − XC XC + X P ⎤ λ ⎡ h − YP h + YP ⎤
Ex = ⎢ − ⎥ and Ey = ⎢ + ⎥
2πε ⎣ R12 R22 ⎦ 2πε ⎣ R12 R22 ⎦
62110 © IEC:2006 – 19 – 106/108/CD

λ is deduced from equation (C.1) and rearranged as

1 2h
( ln )λ = V (C.2)
2πε r

The field intensity at the point P is :

| E |= E x2 + E y2

In the case of n conductors (multiple and bundle conductors) as shown in Figure C.2, the
equation (2) becomes a n x n matrix.

[P][λ ] = [V ] (C.3)

where λ i is the linear charge of the conductor n having a potential Vi . The matrix [P] is the
potential coefficients matrix where :

1 2
i
radius,ri n
dij
j
Phase conductors
Hi

Dij
P

xj

Image conductor

Figure C.2 - General n-phase system with ground

1 2hi
Pii = ln( ) for i = 1 to n
2πε ri

1 Dij
Pij = ln( ) for i≠j
2πε d ij
62110 © IEC:2006 – 20 – 106/108/CD

D ij is the distance between conductor i and the image of the conductor j. d ij is the distance
between the conductors i and j. By solving the matrix (C.3) the charges λ I can be determined.

The components E x and E y of the field generated by conductor i at point P(Xp,Yp) are :

λi ⎡ X P − X ci X ci + X P ⎤ λi ⎡ hi − YP hi + YP ⎤
E xi = ⎢ − ⎥ and E yi = ⎢ + ⎥
2πε ⎣ R1
2
R22
⎦ 2πε ⎣ R1
2
R22 ⎦

with R1 = ( X ci − X P ) 2 + (h i −YP ) 2 and

R2 = ( X ci − X P ) 2 + (hi + YP ) 2

for the whole overhead lines the total components at point P are :

n n
E x = ∑ E xi et E y = ∑ E yi
i =1 i =1

C.2 Example of electric field generated by overhead transmission line

Figure C.3 shows an example of a calculation result of a spatial distribution of the electric
field generated by an overhead transmission line (77 kV, double-circuit line, vertical
configuration) with both case of the untransposed and the transposed phase sequence as a
function of distance x (m) from the centre of the transmission tower, at a height of 1,0 m
above the ground surface. The specification of the transmission line is following; 77 kV,
double circuit line, vertical configuration, the diameter of the conductor is 25,3 mm.

900 phase sequence 3.2m 3.2m

A A A C
800 B B B B
3.0m
700 3.5m 3.5m
Electric Field (V/m)

C C C A

Untransposed transposed
600 3.0m
3.8m 3.8m
500
400
conductor
300
11.0m
200
100
0 1.0m
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 G.L.
distance(m)
distance x (m)

Figure C.3 – Spatial profile of the electric field under an overhead transmission line
62110 © IEC:2006 – 21 – 106/108/CD

Annex D
(informative)

Examples of calculation procedure of magnetic field level

D.1 Biot-Savart law

Magnetic fields are generated around electric currents as shown in Figure D.1. The magnetic
field around the current is given using the expression known as the Biot-Savart law

1 r
dH = Ids × 3 (D.1)
4π r

where

dH is the vector of magnetic field generated by the segment ds at the observation point
P;

I is the current which flows through the current path;

ds is the vector of the segment which constitutes the current path;

r is the distance between the segment ds and the observation point P.

ds

r
P
Figure D.1 – The magnetic field around the current

The magnetic field intensity is proportional to the electric current intensity and inversely
proportional to the distance. Therefore the magnetic fields from a power system do not
depend on the voltage class, but on the current flowing through the power system and the
distance between the observation point and the power system. The magnetic fields generated
by a current path with a given length like a transmission line is a value obtained by integrating
equation (1) over the entire section of the current path.

Magnetic flux density B, which is a measurable amount, is generally used to quantify an

environmental magnetic field. Relation between magnetic flux density B and magnetic field
strength H is described in the expression

B = µ0 H (D.2)

where
-7
µ0 is permeability of vacuum, equal to 4π × 10 H/m.
62110 © IEC:2006 – 22 – 106/108/CD

The constant µ0 is also used as permeability of the air when we address environmental
magnetic fields.

D.2 General equation for AC magnetic field

When there are more than one source of magnetic field, such as conductors which constitute
a three-phase AC power system, the magnetic field at an observation point is vector sum of
the magnetic fields from each source. There is a phase difference between each component
of the orthogonal three-axis of the magnetic fields because the phase of each magnetic field
source differs for a three-phase AC power system. At this point, magnetic flux density vector
B exists on a plane and the vector B lays down an elliptical locus as shown in Figure D.2. The
locus of B may be a circle or a straight line, depending on the conditions provided.

z
Bz

BR

B max
B min

By y

Bx

Figure D.2 – Magnetic field vector

For a single frequency, magnetic flux density vector B caused by a three-phase AC power
system at an observation point is expressed as shown below, considering the phase
difference between each axial component.

B = 2 B x sin (ωt + α )i + 2 B y sin (ωt + β )j + 2 B z sin (ωt + γ )k (3)

where,

B x , B y , and B z are r.m.s. values of the orthogonal three-axis components of magnetic flux
density;

α, β, and γ are the phase differences between each axial component;

ω is angular frequency;

i, j, and k are unit vectors of each axial component.

D.3 Resultant magnetic field

The r.m.s. value of resultant magnetic flux density B r is defined as a mean value at one cycle
T of the inner product of B and B, and is expressed by the following equation,
62110 © IEC:2006 – 23 – 106/108/CD

T π
1 ω
Br =
T ∫
−
2
T
2
B ⋅ Bdt =
2π ∫ω
−
π
ω
B ⋅ Bdt

[2B ]
π
ω
∫ sin 2 (ωt + α ) + 2 B y sin 2 (ωt + β ) + 2 B z sin 2 (ωt + γ ) dt
2 2 2
= ω
π x
2π −
ω (D.4)

Substitute following equation

π π
1 π
∫−
ω
π sin 2 (ωt + α )dt = ∫ ωπ
− 2
{1 − cos 2 (ωt + α ) dt = }
ω
(D.5)
ω ω

for equation (4) and it becomes the following equation,

2 2 2
Br = B x + B y + B z (D.6)

B r is simply called a resultant magnetic field. It is not influenced by the phase difference
between each axial component and is determined only by the r.m.s. value of each axial
component of the magnetic field.

B r should be used to evaluate the exposure of the human body to the magnetic fields.

D.4 Maximum and minimum of AC magnetic field

The conditions to provide the maximum and minimum magnitude of a magnetic flux density
vector |B| are shown below.

dB
=0 (D.7)
dt

|B| is expressed by the following equation,

B = B⋅B
(D.8)
= 2 Bx sin 2 (ωt + α ) + 2 B y sin 2 (ωt + β ) + 2 Bz sin 2 (ωt + γ )
2 2 2

For equation (D.8), the condition to satisfy equation (D.7) is the following.

2ωt + δ = π or 2ωt + δ = 0 (D.9)

where

δ is given by

2 2 2
Bx sin 2α + B y sin 2 β + Bz sin 2γ
δ = tan −1
2 2 2
Bx cos 2α + B y cos β + Bz cos 2γ
(D.10)
62110 © IEC:2006 – 24 – 106/108/CD

By substituting equation (D.9) for equation (D.8), Bmin, minimum magnitude of |B| and B max ,
maximum magnitude of |B| will be obtained by the following equation,

B = (B x
2 2
) {
+ B y + B z ± B x (2α − δ ) + B y (2 β − δ ) + B z (2γ − δ )
2 2 2 2
}
(D.11)

B max and B min are given by the greater and the smaller values of |B|, respectively.

B max and B min, which are called the maximum and minimum magnetic fields, correspond to the
major and minor axes of the elliptical magnetic field respectively. The relation of Bmax ≤ Br
always holds true, and the equal sign holds true for linear magnetic fields. Furthermore, the
following relation holds between B max , B min. and B r

2 2
Br = Bmax + Bmin (B.12)

D.5 Magnetic field generated by overhead transmission line

Figure D.3 shows a calculation example of the spatial distribution and the shape of the elliptic
locus of magnetic fields generated by an overhead transmission line (77 kV, double circuit,
vertical configuration) with 200 A at a height of 1,0 m above the ground surface.

When the phase arrangement is untransposed, the magnetic field becomes the highest at the
centre of the conductor system, and drops with distance sharper than in the case of the
transposed phase arrangement.

3.2m 3.2m
2.5
magnetix flux density (µT)

common
Untransposed
3.5m 3.5m
3.0m

2.0 untransposed
transposed
reverse 3.0m
3.8m 3.8m
1.5
conductor
1.0 11.0m

0.5
transposed 1.0m
0.0 G.L.
Distance(m)
0
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
distance (m)

Figure D.3 - Calculation example of the spatial distribution of magnetic fields generated
by an overhead transmission line (77 kV, double circuit, vertical configuration)

Figure D.4 shows a calculation example of magnetic fields generated by an overhead

transmission line (500 kV, single circuit, horizontal configuration) with 1 000 A at a height of
1,0 m above the ground surface.
62110 © IEC:2006 – 25 – 106/108/CD

25
magnetic flux density (µT)

10m 10m
20

15 conductor

11.0m
10

5
1.0m
G.L.
0 Distance(m)
0
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
distance (m)

Figure D.4 - Calculation example of the spatial distribution of magnetic fields generated
by an overhead transmission line (500 kV, single circuit, horizontal configuration)
62110 © IEC:2006 – 26 – 106/108/CD

Annex E
(informative)

Concept of 3-points measurement corresponding to whole body average

E.1 Concept of 3-points measurement

In this standard, representative magnetic field as spatial average of human body is defined by
arithmetic mean of three levels at 0,5 m, 1,0 m and 1,5 m above the ground in the case of
non-uniform magnetic field. In the case of uniform magnetic field, the representative magnetic
field is permitted by one point measurement level at 1,0 m above the ground, because it has
little difference between each magnetic field level at 0,5 m, 1,0 m and 1,5 m above the
ground.

Therefore it is necessary to indicate that 3-points average of magnetic field levels at 0,5 m,
1,0 m and 1,5 m above the ground can stand for the spatial average of magnetic field levels
over entire human body.

Here, for the simplification of the calculation, the mean of magnetic field levels in the space of
human body is evaluated, and that is compared with 3-points average.

E.1.1 Human body model

The human body model used for the calculation is shown in Figure E.1. This model is similar
to the model used to calculate the coupling factor in IEC 62233. It is shaped spheroid (axis
350/1 500 mm). This model is divided into 50 mm mesh.

For the purpose of this document, the expression “whole body average” is defined as the
mean value of the magnetic field level at each mesh in the spheroidal body.

350mm

1500mm

200mm

Figure E.1 - A spheroidal human model

E.2 Comparison between “whole body average” and “3-points average”

The calculation of magnetic field level is performed by using of Biot-Savart’s law. In order to
allow comparison between different field sources configurations (depending on geometry of
the source), the following standard values have been chosen:

f, frequency = 50 Hz
62110 © IEC:2006 – 27 – 106/108/CD

I, line current = 500 A

E.2.1 Infinite single wire

The field source is an alternating current flowing through an infinite straight wire. The human
model is located 0,2 m above the ground, and the wire located perpendicular to the ground, at
a distance d (see Figure E.2). “d” is the distance between the source and centre of the
human model.

Figure E.2 - The model in the magnetic field generated by a straight wire

Results of the calculation of magnetic field distribution are given in Figure E.3.

In this case, the vertical distribution of magnetic fields is uniform, and “3-points average”
nearly corresponds with “ whole body average”.

700
H=0.5m
Magnetic field level [μT]

600 H=1.0m
500 H=1.5m
3-points ave.
400
Spatial ave.
300
200
100
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Distance from source [m]

Figure E.3 - Magnetic field levels generated by a straight wire

E.2.2 2 parallel wires with balanced currents

The following standard values are added:

62110 © IEC:2006 – 28 – 106/108/CD

θ,phase = 0°,180°

e, wire separation = 0,1 m, 0,2 m, 0,3 m

The field source is an alternative current flowing through 2 parallel wires. The human model is
located 0,2 m above the ground, and the wires located perpendicular to the ground, at a
distance d (see Figure E.4). “d” is the distance between the centre of wires and centre of the
human model.

Results of the calculation of magnetic field distribution are given in Figure E.5.

In this case, the vertical distribution of magnetic fields is uniform, and at the vicinity of the
source, “3-points average” is slightly lower than “whole body average”.

Balanced
current
d

e
z
y

x
0.2m

Figure E.4 - The model in the magnetic field generated by 2 parallel wires

400
H=0.5m
H=1.0m
Magnetic field level [μT]

300 H=1.5m
3-points ave.
Spatial ave.
200
e=0.1m

100

0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Distance from source [m]

Figure E.5 - Magnetic field levels generated by 2 parallel wires

62110 © IEC:2006 – 29 – 106/108/CD

Additionally, results of calculation of magnetic field levels at 0,3 m from the centre of wires, as
a function of the wire separation e, are given in Figure E.6, and calculated values are given in
Table E.1.

Wire separation e is the distance between 2 parallel wires, and as e is longer, magnetic field
levels are larger.

400
Spatial ave.
Magnetic field level [μT]

300 3-points ave.

200

100

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Wire separation [m]
* at 0,3m from source

Figure E.6 Magnetic field levels with variation of wire separation

Table E.1 - Magnetic field levels with variation of wire separation

e/d subject d=0.2m d=0.3m d=0.4m d=0.5m d=0.6m d=0.7m d=0.8m d=0.9m d=1.0m
H=0.5m 235.3 108.1 61.5 39.6 27.6 20.3 15.6 12.3 10.0
H=1.0m 235.3 108.1 61.5 39.6 27.6 20.3 15.6 12.3 10.0
e=0.1m H=1.5m 235.3 108.1 61.5 39.6 27.6 20.3 15.6 12.3 10.0
3-points ave. 235.3 108.1 61.5 39.6 27.6 20.3 15.6 12.3 10.0
Spatial ave. 347.0 126.0 66.8 41.7 28.6 20.8 15.9 12.5 10.1
H=0.5m 400.0 200.0 117.6 76.9 54.1 40.0 30.8 24.4 19.8
H=1.0m 400.0 200.0 117.6 76.9 54.1 40.0 30.8 24.4 19.8
e=0.2m H=1.5m 400.0 200.0 117.6 76.9 54.1 40.0 30.8 24.4 19.8
3-points ave. 400.0 200.0 117.6 76.9 54.1 40.0 30.8 24.4 19.8
Spatial ave. 510.0 229.3 127.7 81.2 56.1 41.1 31.4 24.8 20.1
H=0.5m 480.0 266.7 164.4 110.1 78.4 58.5 45.3 36.0 29.3
H=1.0m 480.0 266.7 164.4 110.1 78.4 58.5 45.3 36.0 29.3
e=0.3m H=1.5m 480.0 266.7 164.4 110.1 78.4 58.5 45.3 36.0 29.3
3-points ave. 480.0 266.7 164.4 110.1 78.4 58.5 45.3 36.0 29.3
Spatial ave. 543.3 292.5 174.9 114.9 80.9 59.9 46.1 36.6 29.7

E.2.3 3 parallel wires with balanced currents

The following standard values are added:

θ,phase = 0°,120°,240°

e, wire separation = 0,1 m, 0,2 m, 0,3 m

The field source is an alternative current flowing through 3 parallel wires. The human model is
located 0,2 m above the ground, and the wires located perpendicular to the ground, at a
distance d (see Figure E.7). “d” is the distance between the centre of wires and centre of the
human model.
62110 © IEC:2006 – 30 – 106/108/CD

Balanced
current
d

z
y

x
0.2m

Figure E.7 - The model in the magnetic field generated by 3 parallel wires

Results of the calculation of magnetic field distribution are given in Figure E.8.

In this case, the vertical distribution of magnetic fields is uniform, and at the vicinity of the
source, “3-points average” is slightly lower than “whole body average”.

600
H=0.5m
H=1.0m
500
Magnetic field level [μT]

H=1.5m
3-points ave.
400 Spatial ave.
e=0.1m
300

200

100

0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Distance from source [m]

Figure E.8 - Magnetic field levels generated by balanced 3 parallel wires

Additionally, results of calculation of magnetic field levels at 0,3 m from the centre of wires, as
a function of the wire separation e, are given in Figure E.9, and calculated values are given in
Table E.2.

Wire separation e is the distance between 3 parallel wires, and as e is longer, magnetic field
levels are larger.
62110 © IEC:2006 – 31 – 106/108/CD

500
Magnetic field level [μT] Spatial ave.
3-points ave.
400

300

200

100

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Wire separation [m]

* at 0,2 m from source

Figure E.9 - Magnetic field levels with variation of wire separation

Table E.2 - Magnetic field levels with variation of wire separation

e/d subject d=0.2m d=0.3m d=0.4m d=0.5m d=0.6m d=0.7m d=0.8m d=0.9m d=1.0m
H=0.5m 360.3 176.4 102.9 67.1 47.0 34.8 26.7 21.2 17.2
H=1.0m 360.3 176.4 102.9 67.1 47.0 34.8 26.7 21.2 17.2
e=0.1m H=1.5m 360.3 176.4 102.9 67.1 47.0 34.8 26.7 21.2 17.2
3-points ave. 360.3 176.4 102.9 67.1 47.0 34.8 26.7 21.2 17.2
Spatial ave. 485.0 201.7 111.1 70.4 48.6 35.6 27.2 21.5 17.4
H=0.5m 500.0 285.5 180.3 122.6 88.2 66.2 51.5 41.1 33.5
H=1.0m 500.0 285.5 180.3 122.6 88.2 66.2 51.5 41.1 33.5
e=0.2m H=1.5m 500.0 285.5 180.3 122.6 88.2 66.2 51.5 41.1 33.5
3-points ave. 500.0 285.5 180.3 122.6 88.2 66.2 51.5 41.1 33.5
Spatial ave. 601.9 313.4 191.4 127.8 90.9 67.8 52.4 41.7 33.9
H=0.5m 528.7 333.3 226.5 161.7 120.2 92.3 72.8 58.8 48.4
H=1.0m 528.7 333.3 226.5 161.7 120.2 92.3 72.8 58.8 48.4
e=0.3m H=1.5m 528.7 333.3 226.5 161.7 120.2 92.3 72.8 58.8 48.4
3-points ave. 528.7 333.3 226.5 161.7 120.2 92.3 72.8 58.8 48.4
Spatial ave. 697.1 370.5 243.5 171.0 125.6 95.6 75.0 60.2 49.4

E.2.4 Underground wires with balanced currents

The following standard values are added:

I, line current = 510 A

θθ,phase = 0°,120°，240°

e, wire separation = 0,1 m, 0,2 m, 0,3 m

2
wires, twisted 3-phase cables (150 mm , spiral pitch:1,039 2 m, spiral radius: 0,017 3 m)

The field source is an alternative current flowing through 3 parallel wires. The human model is
located 0,2 m above the ground, and the wires located perpendicular to the ground, at a
distance D (see Figure E.9). “D” is the depth of wires from ground level.
62110 © IEC:2006 – 32 – 106/108/CD

z
y

x
0.2m

Balanced Depth
current

Figure E.10 - The model in the magnetic field generated by underground wires

Results of the calculation of magnetic field distribution are given in Figure E.11.

In this case, the vertical non-uniformity is high, and at the vicinity of the source, “3-points
average” mostly corresponds with “whole body average”.

7
H=0.5m
Magnetic field level [μT]

6 H=1.0m
H=1.5m
5 3-points ave.
4 Spatial ave.

3
2
1
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Height from Ground level [m]

Figure E.11 - Magnetic field levels generated by balanced underground wires

Additionally, results of the calculation of non-uniformity (i.e. Annex B.2) are given in Figure
E.12. As the depth increases, the non-uniformity decreases. In this case, if the depth is more
than 3,0 m, non-uniformity is less than 30 %.
62110 © IEC:2006 – 33 – 106/108/CD

100
Non-uniformity 30%

80
Non-uniformity[%]

60

40

20

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
Depth of Source [m]

Figure E.12 - Non uniformity profile of magnetic field levels generated by balanced
underground wires

E.2.5 Examples of calculation for power distribution equipment ( Non-uniform

magnetic field )

The calculation of magnetic field level caused by power distribution equipment is performed
by using of Biot-Savart’s law. .

E.2.5.1 Equipments for underground distribution system

E.2.5.1.1 Pad-mounted transformer

cable separation: 0.25m

＜reference＞
No.1 circuit（high voltage）・・・5A×3（0°,120°,240°）
5.0m No.2 circuit（low voltage）・・・129A×2（0°,120°）+36A(240°)
No.3 circuit（low voltage）・・・129A×2（0°,120°）+36A(240°)
No.4 circuit（low voltage）・・・129A×2（0°,120°）+36A(240°)
No.5 circuit（low voltage）・・・129A×2（0°,120°）+36A(240°)

No.1 circuit
（middle voltage） Y

X
low voltage:100/200V
middle voltage:6.6kV
(cable separation:
(cable separation:
0.05m)
0.12m)

0.2m
－0.825m
Z
Z

X
Y

Figure E.13 - The model in the magnetic field generated by pad-mounted transformer
62110 © IEC:2006 – 34 – 106/108/CD

Results of the calculation of magnetic field distribution are given in Figure E.14. In this case,
the vertical distribution of magnetic fields is non-uniform, and at the vicinity of the source,
“3-points average” is slightly lower than “whole body average”.

30
H=0.5m
H=1.0m
25 H=1.5m
Magnetic field level [μT]

3-points ave.
20 spatial ave.

15

10

0
0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6
Distance from equipment [m]

Figure E.14 The horizontal distribution of magnetic field level (around pad-mounted
transformer)

E.2.5.1.2 Multi-circuit switch

cable separation(each circuits): 0.25m

5.0m

＜reference＞
No.3～5 circuit
No.1 circuit（source）・・・400A×3（0°,120°,240°）
No.2 circuit　　　　 ・・・100A×3（　　　　　〃　　　　　）
No.3 circuit　　　　 ・・・100A×3（　　　　　〃　　　　　）
No.2 circuit No.4 circuit　　　　 ・・・100A×3（　　　　　〃　　　　　）
No.1 circuit No.5 circuit　　　　 ・・・100A×3（　　　　　〃　　　　　）
Y

0.8m
cable separation cable separation
(each phase): 0.1m (each cricuit):0.2m

1.2m
0.2m
－0.825m

Z Z

X Y

Figure E.15 - The model in the magnetic field generated by multi circuit switch

Results of the calculation of magnetic field distribution are given in Figure E.16. In this case,
the vertical distribution of magnetic fields is non-uniform, and at the vicinity of the source,
“3-points average” is slightly lower than “whole body average”.
62110 © IEC:2006 – 35 – 106/108/CD

40 H=0.5m
35 H=1.0m

Magnetic Field level [μT]

H=1.5m
30 3-points ave.
spatial ave.
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Distance from equipment [ｍ]

Figure E.16 - The horizontal distribution of magnetic field level (around MCS)

E.2.5.2 Above under-ground transmission and distribution cables

E.2.5.2.1 Above under-ground distribution cables

＜reference＞CVT150
line current　510A×3（0°，120°，240°）
spiral radius　0.0173m
spiral pitch 1.0392m

1.0m
Y

0.5m

0.2m
Z Z
G.L. G.L.
0.6m 0.6m
X Y

Figure E.17 - The model in the magnetic field generated by under ground distribution
cable
62110 © IEC:2006 – 36 – 106/108/CD

Results of the calculation of magnetic field distribution are given in Figure E.18. In this case,
the vertical distribution of magnetic fields is non-uniform, and at the vicinity of the source,
“3-points average” is slightly lower than “whole body average”.

3 H=0.5m
H=1.0
Magnetic field level [μT]

2.5 H1.5m
3-points ave.
spatial ave.
2

1.5

0.5

0
-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Distance from center of the cable [m]

Figure E.18 - The horizontal distribution of magnetic field level (above under-ground
distribution cable)

E.2.5.2.2 Above under-ground transmission cables

＜reference＞
underground transmission line currents
200A×6（0°,120°,240°）

G.L.

0.2m
G.L.

1.85m
cable

0.35m
0.35m
Z Z

0.5m 0.5m X Y

Figure E.19 - The model in the magnetic field generated by under ground transmission
cables
62110 © IEC:2006 – 37 – 106/108/CD

Results of the calculation of magnetic field distribution are given in Figure E.20. In this case,
the vertical distribution of magnetic fields is non-uniform, and at the vicinity of the source,
“3-points average” is slightly lower than “whole body average”.

2.5

2.0
Magnetic field level [μT]

1.5

1.0
H=0.5m
0.5 H1.0m
H=1.5
3-points ave.
spatial ave.
0.0
-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Distance from power cable above [ｍ]

Figure E.20 - The horizontal distribution of magnetic field level (above under-ground
transmission cables)

E.2.6 Examples of calculation for power system ( Uniform magnetic field )

E.2.6.1 Under overhead transmission and distribution lines

E.2.6.1.1 Under overhead distribution lines

line separation(M.V.)

0.85m 0.85m
＜reference＞
Middle voltage:6.6kV
Low voltage:100/200V
line current(M.V)　510A×3（0°,120°,240°）
Concrete pole line current(L.V) 288A×2(0°,90°,270°)

Y
distance between low voltage lines
and concrete pole: 0.2m
X
0.85m middle voltage lines
low voltage lines
Horizonntal distance
from power line
line separation
10.0m
(L.V.): 0.3m
11.35m

Concrete pole
0.2m
Z Z

X Y

Figure E.21 - The model in the magnetic field generated by overhead distribution lines
62110 © IEC:2006 – 38 – 106/108/CD

Results of the calculation of magnetic field distribution are given in Figure E.22. In this case,
the vertical distribution of magnetic fields is uniform, and “3-points average” nearly
corresponds with “whole body average”.

2.0
H=1.0
Magnetic field level [μT]

3-points ave.
1.5
spatial ave.

1.0

0.5

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance from power line below [ｍ]

Figure E.22 - The horizontal distribution of magnetic field level (Under overhead
distribution lines)

E.2.6.1.2 Under overhead transmission lines

＜reference＞
overhead transmission
line currents 200A×6 (0°,120°,240°）

X
6.4m

7.0m 3.0m 3.0m

7.6m 3.0m 3.0m

Horizonntal distance
from power line
10.6m 10.6m
conductor

G.L. 0.2m
G.L.
Z Z

X Y

Figure E.23 - The model in the magnetic field generated by overhead transmission lines
62110 © IEC:2006 – 39 – 106/108/CD

Results of the calculation of magnetic field distribution are given in Figure E.24. In this case,
the vertical distribution of magnetic fields is uniform, and “3-points average” nearly
corresponds with “whole body average”.

2.0
H=1.0m
3-points ave.
Magnetic field level [μT]

1.5 spatial ave.

1.0

0.5

0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance from power line below [ｍ]

Figure E.24 - The horizontal distribution of magnetic field level (Under overhead
transmission lines)

E.2.6.2 Around vertical cables

＜reference＞
line current　510A×3（0°，120°，240°）
spiral radius　0.03m
spiral pitch 1.0m
Concrete pole 5.0m
Y

Concrete pole Concrete pole

10m

0.2m
Z Z
－0.6m
X Y

Figure E.25 - The model in the magnetic field generated by vertical cables
62110 © IEC:2006 – 40 – 106/108/CD

Results of the calculation of magnetic field distribution are given in Figure E.26. In this case,
the vertical distribution of magnetic fields is uniform, and at the vicinity of the source,
“3-points average” is slightly lower than “whole body average”.

7
H=1.0m
6 3-points ave.
Magnetic field level [μT]

spatial ave.
5

0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Distance from cable surface [m]

Figure E.26 - The horizontal distribution of magnetic field level (Around vertical cables)
62110 © IEC:2006 – 41 – 106/108/CD

Bibliography

[1] IEEE Std 1308-1994: IEEE Recommended Practice for Instrumentation:

Specifications for Magnetic Flux Density and Electric Field Strength Meters –10 Hz to
3 kHz

[2] IEEE Std 644-1994: IEEE Standard Procedures for Measurement of Power
Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields from AC Power Lines

[3] IEEE Std C95.6-2002: IEEE Standard for Safety Levels With Respect to Human
Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields, 0-3 kHz

[4] ICNIRP: Guidelines for limiting exposure in time-varying electric, magnetic, and
electromagnetic fields (up to 300GHz); Health Phys. 74, 494-522, 1998

[5] IEEE Std 1460-1994: IEEE Guide for the Measurement Quasi-Static Magnetic and
Electric Fields

[6] UNE 215001:2004: Standardised procedures to measure power-frequency electric

and magnetic fields produced by high-voltage electrical lines.

[7] CIGRE TF C4.2.03: Technical guide for measurement of low frequency electric and
magnetic fields near overhead power lines (in preparation)