YU CU V TI TRNG V TC NG KHI

T HI T K NH CAO T NG VIT NAM

TS. NGUYN I MINH, KS. PHM ANH TUN
Vin KHCN Xy dng

Tm tt: Bi bo ny trnh by cc vn quan trng cng nh cha r v ti trng v tc ng s dng
khi thit k nh cao tng c quy nh trong cc tiu chun xy dng ca nc ta. C th l mt s hot ti
c bit trong nh cao tng nh hot ti gara, hot ti sn trc thng, cch xc nh v quy i s liu u
vo v h s chuyn i chu k lp trong tnh ton ti trng gi gia tiu chun Vit Nam v tiu chun nc
ngoi. Ngoi ra, cng trnh by mt s lu khi tnh ton tc ng ng t ln cng trnh trong thit k kt cu
cao tng.
Mc d c nhng kin khc nhau nhng nhiu nh cao tng v siu cao tng , ang v s xy dng
nc ta. Ty theo s tng, nh nhiu tng c th c phn loi nh sau (Taranath 2010): nh thp tng (low-
rise), nh cao trung bnh (medium-rise), nh cao tng (high-rise buildings). Trong , nh cao tng c phn
thnh nh cao tng (tall, t 100 m tr ln), nh siu cao tng (super-tall, t 300 m tr ln) v nh cc cao
(ultra-tall, trn 500 m).
Thit k v xy dng nh cao tng v siu cao tng l lnh vc quan trng bao qut nhiu b mn t quy
hoch - kin trc cho n qun l v t chc xy dng. Ring v an ton cng trnh, th ngoi an ton kt cu,
khi thit k cn phi xt n an ton phng chng chy - n, an ton phng chng st, an ton phng chng
nc (lt, chng thm cho mi, cho tng hm, b bi,...) v an ton phng chng trm - t nhp. Bi bo ny
ch tng kt cc vn rt hp thuc b mn kt cu, l cc yu cu v ti trng v tc ng trong tnh ton
thit k kt cu cao tng.
1. Yu cu chung
Tt c cc loi ti trng v tc ng kh d xut hin trong qu trnh xy dng, s dng, sa cha v bo tr
cng trnh v cc t hp bt li ca chng phi c xt n trong thit k kt cu cao tng. Cc loi ti trng
v tc ng ny c th tc dng theo phng thng ng hay theo phng nm ngang, c th l cc tc ng
thng xuyn hay cc tc ng thay i theo thi gian, thm ch l cc tc ng bt thng hay cng c th l
cc tc ng do ln khng u hoc cc nh hng ca mi trng, kh hu trong sut thi gian s dng cng
trnh.
Cc kt cu cao tng cn c tnh ton, thit k m bo an ton (khng b ph hoi v khng gy b
thng cho ngi s dng) trong sut thi gian k t khi bt u xy dng cho n khi ht thi hn s dng
ca cng trnh di cc t hp ti trng bt li nht c th xy ra. Ngoi ra, cc cng nng ca ta nh, tin
nghi cho ngi s dng cng nh s vn hnh ca cc thit b phi c m bo trong qu trnh s dng
cng trnh.
Ty thuc vo h tiu chun thit k p dng, thng thng c 2 nhm trng thi gii hn phi tnh ton v
kim tra khi thit k kt cu cao tng, l: (i) nhm trng thi gii hn th nht ( bn hay trng thi gii hn
cc hn), (ii) nhm trng thi gii hn th hai (trng thi gii hn v s dng bnh thng). Ring i vi thit
k ng t theo TCXDVN 375 : 2006 cn xt n trng thi gii hn hn ch s h hng (h hng c th sa
cha c). i vi mt s kt cu rt quan trng m s h hng l khng th sa cha c hay chi ph sa
cha rt tn km (v d: dm chuyn chu ti trng ln), c th phi p dng phng php ng sut cho php
vi h s an ton cao.
Mng nh cao tng H Ni hay thnh ph H Ch Minh thng s dng h mng su (mng cc). Khi
thit k mng cc, thng thng tnh ton theo phng php ng sut cho php, ngha l ti trng tc dng ln
cc xc nh t t hp ti trng tiu chun (khng nhn vi h s vt ti) phi nh hn sc chu ti cho php
ca cc. Khi , xc nh ti trng tiu chun i vi ti trng gi v ng t nh th no cng l mt vn ?
Cc mc tip theo ca bi bo ny s tr li cu hi ny. Theo TCXD 205 : 1998 th ti trng tc dng ln cc
l ti trng tnh ton, song sc chu ti cho php ca cc ly bng sc chu ti cc hn ca cc chia cho h s
an ton SF = 2 - 3 (tr phi tnh theo cng thc ca SNiP th s dng sc chu ti tiu chun ca cc y
chnh l phng php trng thi gii hn trong thit k cc). Nh vy, phng php tnh ton mng cc trong
tiu chun Vit Nam nm gia phng php ng sut cho php v phng php trng thi gii hn. Trong
, i vi cc khoan nhi ng sut cho php ca b tng v ct thp ly rt thp. V vy, tiu chun thit k
mng cc ni chung v cc khoan nhi ni ring cn c xem xt ph hp vi thc t xy dng nh cao
tng hin nay, hi nhp c vi th gii. C th phn tng tc cc nn (hay cn gi l sc chu ti theo t
nn) nn tnh ton theo phng php ng sut cho php vi h s an ton SF = 2 - 3, sc chu ti theo vt liu
ca cc khoan nhi thuc v bi ton kt cu (k c ti dc trc hay ti trng ngang tc dng ln cc) nn tnh
theo phng php trng thi gii hn vi h s an ton ring ca vt liu ly cao hn so vi cc cu kin chu
nn - un thng thng do cc c thi cng ti ch di t.
2. Ti trng, tc ng v t hp ca chng
Ti trng bao gm 2 cp: (i) ti trng tiu chun v (ii) ti trng tnh ton. Trong , ti trng tiu chun l
cc c trng c bn ca ti trng. Ti trng tnh ton l tch ca ti trng tiu chun v h s tin cy hay h
s vt ti v ti trng. Thng thng, ti trng tnh ton dng tnh ton theo nhm trng thi gii hn th
nht (trng thi gii hn cc hn). Cn ti trng tiu chun c s dng kim tra theo nhm trng thi gii
hn th hai v khi tnh ton bn mi nu khng c cc quy nh no khc trong cc tiu chun thit k lin
quan. Khi thit k theo phng php ng sut cho php i vi kt cu v nn - mng phi s dng ti trng
tiu chun.
Ti trng c th c phn loi nh sau:
- Tnh ti (phn kt cu), tnh ti (b sung - phi kt cu), ti trng do ng lc trc;
- Hot ti (trong qu trnh s dng), hot ti (b sung - trong qu trnh thi cng...);
- Cc ti trng thay i khc: bin dng nn (ln khng u), co ngt hay t bin ca vt liu, tc ng nhit
thy ha, co ngt do b tng khi ln,...;
- Tc ng mi trng: ti trng gi (bo), tc ng do lt (quy nh trong tiu chun M ASCE 7-2005), tc
ng do thay i nhit ...;
- Ti trng c bit: tc ng ng t, tc ng do n (khng b), tc ng do chy, ti trng do lc xoy
( y khng xt n trong trng hp ny tr khi c yu cu ring); ti trng do vi phm nghim trng qu
trnh cng ngh (v d: n ng ng dn kh gas...), tc ng ca bin dng nn do thay i cu trc t (khi
thi cng tu in ngm hay s h mc nc ngm ln trong tng lai do khai thc nc ngm).
Cc gi tr ca ti trng tiu chun v h s tin cy ca cc loi ti trng ly theo quy nh ca tiu chun
p dng trong thit k hay cc quy nh ring cho d n.
T hp ti trng bao gm t hp ti trng c bn v t hp ti trng c bit. T hp ti trng c bn gm
cc ti trng thng xuyn, ti trng tm thi di hn v ngn hn. T hp ti trng c bit bao gm tnh ti,
tc ng do ng lc trc, ti trng c bit, hot ti hay tc ng mi trng d kin c th xy ra ng thi
vi ti trng c bit. H s vt ti hay t hp ti trng ly theo cc quy nh ca tiu chun p dng cho d
n.
3. Hot ti, hot ti gara, sn trc thng
Khi thit k theo tiu chun Vit Nam, hot ti phi ly theo TCVN 2737 : 1995. Nu thit k theo tiu chun
nc ngoi, hot ti s ly theo tiu chun s p dng. Cc gi tr ti trng ny c th khng ly nh hn cc
gi tr quy nh trong TCVN 2737 : 1995.
Ring i vi gara t, TCVN 2737 : 1995 quy nh gi tr hot ti i vi cc loi xe c tng trng lng s
2.5 T (tn lc) ly bng 500 daN/m
2
, khng phn bit hot ti khu vc xe hay ng xe chy. Quy nh nh
vy c th qu thin v an ton do TCVN 2737 : 1995 cn c vo tiu chun SNiP 2.01.07-85* c. Trong khi
tiu chun Nga SNiP 2.01.07-85* phin bn 2011 quy nh i vi xe hi c tng trng lng nh hn 3 T th hot
ti phn b khu vc xe l 350 daN/m
2
, khu vc ng dc v ng vo l 500 daN/m
2
. Khi thit k theo
tiu chun Vit Nam c th kin ngh chp nhn cc gi tr ny. L do, i vi gara xe hi tiu chun M ASCE 7-
05 quy nh hot ti ly bng 192 daN/m
2
< 350 daN/m
2
. Theo tiu chun Anh BS 6399: Part 1:1996, i vi xe
hi c tng trng lng 2.5 T, hot ti ly bng 250 daN/m
2
< 350 daN/m
2
. Tiu chun chu u EN 1991-1-
1:2002 quy nh, i vi xe hi c tng trng lng nh hn hoc bng 3 T, hot ti c th ly trong khong t
150 n 250 daN/m
2
. Nh vy, gi tr 350 daN/m
2
khuyn co cho gara l c th chp nhn c. Cc t hp cao
tng thng c nhiu sn lm gara nn ly ng ti trng s m bo an ton v tit kim. Do TCVN 2737 : 1995
c gi tr php l, nn xut nu ch l kin ngh ch u t v t vn thit k xem xt.
Nh cao tng hin nay c th phi lm bi p trc thng. Do cha c quy nh c th v sn my bay
trc thng, khi tnh ton phi ly theo nhim v thit k. Song, hot ti i vi sn my bay trc thng c th
tham kho theo tiu chun M UBC:1997. C th l: Ti trng i vi bn , bi p hay sn my bay trc
thng s c xc nh nh sau: (i) tnh ti ca kt cu cng vi tng trng lng thc t ca my bay trc
thng, (ii) lc tp trung do va p trn 1 pht vung (0.093 m
2
) ly bng 0.75 ln tng trng lng ca trc
thng nu h cnh bng thit b gim chn thy lc, hoc 1.5 ln tng trng lng trc thng nu h cnh bng
cng c s cng, (iii) hot ti phn b ly bng 4.8 kN/m
2
. Ngoi ra, cng c th tham kho tiu chun EN
1991-1-1:2002: i vi trc thng loi HC1 vi ti trng ct cnh Q s 20 kN th ti trng tp trung Q
k
= 20 kN
trn din tch 0.2 (m) 0.2 (m), i vi trc thng loi HC2 vi ti trng ct cnh 20 kN < Q s 60 kN th ti trng
tp trung Q
k
= 60 kN trn din tch 0.3 (m) 0.3 (m).
4. Ti trng gi
Khi tnh ton ti trng gi i vi nh cao tng cn hiu v xc nh ng cc gi tr u vo thit k v
nh cao tng khc vi nh thp tng l s ng x ca ti trng ngang l ni tri so vi ti trng thng ng.
Cc nh cao tng nc ta c th cn cho php thit k theo tiu chun nc ngoi. V vy, vic xc nh
ng s liu u vo dng trong thit k l cn thit.
4.1 H s tin cy v h s tm quan trng theo TCVN 2737 : 1995
Nh cao tng (c chiu cao > 100m) thng c tui th 100 nm, nn khi tnh ton ti trng gi theo TCVN
2737:1995, h s tin cy nn nhn thm vi h s tm quan trng (hay cn gi l h s chuyn i chu k
lp) ly bng 1.15 (hoc h s tin cy ly thng bng 1.37 cho tui th 100 nm thay v 1.2 ng vi cng
trnh c tui th 50 nm). nc ta, h s tm quan trng ca cng trnh cng c xt n trong tiu chun
thit k kt cu chu ng t TCXDVN 375:2006.
4.2 Chuyn i vn tc gi v s liu u vo ca ti trng gi
Khi s dng cc tiu chun nc ngoi thit k, cn chuyn i s liu u vo cho ph hp vi c
trng tnh ton ca cc tiu chun (vn tc gi trung bnh, thi gian o vn tc gi trung bnh, chu k lp,...).
Cc tiu chun nc ngoi thng s dng vn tc hay p lc gi c s, ly trung bnh trong khong thi
gian: 3s (M, Australia), 10 pht (EN, Nga) hay 1h (Anh, Canada), ti cao 10 m, a hnh chun ph bin
tng ng dng B ca TCVN 2737:1995, chu k lp thng thng l 50 nm.
a) Dng a hnh: So snh dng a hnh gia TCVN 2737:1995, SNiP 2.01.07-85* (2001) v ASCE 57-05 cho
trong bng 1. Nh vy dng a hnh gn nh tng ng dng B ca ta.



Bng 1. Cc dng a hnh ti gi
Dng a hnh theo
TCVN 2737:1995
A
Thong H<1.5m
B
1.5m<H<10m
C
10m<H
Dng a hnh theo SNiP
2.01.07-85* (2011)
A
Thong, H<10m
B
10m<H<25m
C
25m<H
Dng a hnh theo
ASCE 7-05
(b)

D
thong, m, b
bin
C
nng thn
thong H<9.1m
B
thnh th
Ghi ch: H l chiu cao cc cng trnh.
b) Chuyn i vn tc gi: Do s liu u vo ca Vit Nam da trn vn tc gi 3 s, chu k lp 20 nm nn khi
chuyn i sang tiu chun nc ngoi: trc tin phi chuyn sang chu k lp 50 nm s dng h s 1.2 i
vi p lc gi hoc 2 . 1 i vi vn tc gi. Sau , c th dng ng cong Durst (hnh 1) chuyn t vn
tc gi 3 s sang cc vn tc gi 10 pht hay 1h.












Hnh 1: Chuyn i t vn tc gi trung bnh t-giy sang gi 1-gi (ngun ASCE 7-05)




Hnh 1. Chuyn i t vn tc gi trung bnh t - giy sang gi 1 - gi (ngun ASCE 7-05)

V d: vi chu k lp 50 nm, c th chuyn i nh sau:
v
2pht
= 0.77*v
3s
W
2pht
= 0.59*W
50
(1)
v
10pht
= 0.70*v
3s
W
10pht
= 0.49*W
50
(2)
v
1h
= 0.66*v
3s
W
1h
= 0.44*W
50
(3)
Trong v
3s
v W
50
l vn tc v p lc gi 3s, 50 nm.
Cc gi tr v vn tc v p lc gi c s chu k lp 50 nm thng c dng tnh ton kt cu hay
mng cc theo phng php ng sut cho php.
c) Chuyn i chu k lp: TCVN 2737:1995 s dng h s chuyn i chu k lp da trn s liu gi 3 s (h s
ny cng c s dng trong QCVN 02-2009/BXD). H s chuyn i chu k lp ly ging nh h s chuyn
i chu k lp ca M (gi 3s, xem ASCE 7-05), nh sau:
v
T
/v
50
= 0.36 + 0.1ln(12T) (4)
C
p
= (v
T
/v
50
)
2
(5)
3s
2 pht
10 pht
1h
a hnh B chun
Trong : v
T
vn tc gi 3s, chu k lp T nm; v
50
- vn tc gi 3s, chu k lp 50 nm; C
p
h s chuyn
i p lc gi.
Trong khi cha c cng thc chun i vi chuyn i chu k lp ca Vit Nam, c th p dng p dng
cng thc (4) tnh vi gi 3s vi cc chu k lp khc nhau. Bng 2 so snh cc h s chuyn i chu k lp i
vi gi 3 s theo ASCE 7-05 v TCVN 2737 :1995.

Bng 2. H s chuyn i p lc gi 3 s theo cc chu k lp khc nhau
ASCE 7-05, gi 3s category: II III-IV
T (year) 5 20 50 100 500 720 1754 10,000
Cp = 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.3
TCVN 2737:1995, QCVN 02-2009/BXD
Cp = 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 - - - -


i vi gi 10 pht nn s dng cng thc chuyn i ca BS hay Eurocode 1:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
n
prob
K
p K
C
|
|
.
|

\
|


=
98 . 0 ln ln . 1
1 ln ln . 1
(6)
C
p
= (C
prob
)

2
(7)
Trong : C
prob
h s chuyn i vi vn tc gi, p = 1/T h s ri ro trong 1 nm (annual risk), T chu
k lp tnh theo nm, khi cha c cc gi tr ring ca cc quc gia, c th ly K = 0.2 v n = 0.5.
H s 1.4 chuyn i t 5 nm ln 50 nm ca Nga cng gn ging nh cng thc ny (bng 3).

Bng 3. H s chuyn i p lc gi 10 pht theo cc chu k lp khc nhau
BS hay EN: gi 10 pht (hoc 1h) normal building
T (year) 5 20 50 100 500 720 1754 10,000
Cp= 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.6
LF(5 nm ln 50 nm) = 1/0.7=1.4 ging SNiP 2.01.07-85*
TCVN 2737:1995, QCVN 02-2009/BXD
Cp= 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1
LF= 1.64 > 1.4 theo SNiP


Nh vy, cn lu rng nu chuyn sang gi 10 pht th h s chuyn i t 50 nm v 5 nm l 1.4 ch
khng phi 1.64 nh i vi gi 3 s. Nu tnh gi 50 nm chuyn i l nh nhau th gi 5 nm tnh theo h s
1.64 s thp hn so vi tnh theo h s 1.4, khi tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn th 2 s mt an ton hn khi
chp nhn h s 1.64. Vn ny cn lu khi bin son li tiu chun TCVN 2737 mi da trn gi 10 pht.
d) Ti trng gi theo TCVN 2737:1990 v TCVN 2737:1995
min Bc, nh cao tng ch yu xy dng Th H Ni. V vy, mc ny phn tch v so snh ti
trng gi khu vc H Ni gia 2 tiu chun TCVN 2737:1990 v TCVN 2737:1995 c mt bc tranh r
hn v s liu u vo v ti trng gi nc ta.
Theo TCVN 2737:1990, H Ni, gi 2 pht, chu k lp 20 nm, W
0
= 80 daN/m
2
, vn tc gi 2 pht s l
35.77 m/s. Vn tc gi ny tng ng vi vn tc gi cp 12 theo thang bo Beaufort (t 119 n 33 km/h
hay t 33 n 37 m/s bo ca Vit Nam ly theo vn tc gi trung bnh 2 pht). Theo cng thc (1) th p lc
gi 2 pht bng 80 daN/m
2
tng ng vi p lc gi 3 s l 135 daN/m
2
.
Trong khi , theo tiu chun TCVN 2737:1995 th ti H Ni, p lc gi 3 s, 20 nm l 95 daN/m
2
.
Do c s vnh nhau v s liu vn tc gi gia 2 tiu chun TCVN 2737:1990 v TCVN 2737:1995, c th
c s bin i kh hu trong tng lai, cn c phn tch v nhn xt v cc s liu ny khi cha c mt s liu
chnh xc no ca c quan kh tng thy vn. Tuy nhin, cc cng trnh ca ta xa nay thit k theo TCVN
2737:1995 vn an ton so vi TCVN 2737:1990 do mc d ly p lc gi 3s nhng cc cng thc tnh ton vn
nh gi 10 pht.
e) Cc vn khc: Nh cao tng thng c mt bng phc tp, mt ng cng thay i theo chiu cao, h s
kh ng cn c xc nh chnh xc. Ngoi ra, cc vn dao ng vung gc vi lung gi thi, gi xon,
mt n nh kh ng, tin nghi vi ngi s dng, nh hng ca cc cng trnh ln cn, gi ln cc kt cu
bao che,... cng cn c quan tm. C th cn c th nghim m hnh trong ng thi kh ng xc nh cc
h s p lc gi i vi kt cu chu lc v bao che, mt n nh kh ng, hin tng gi qun v dao ng
vung gc vi lung gi, cng nh cc vn v mi trng v tin nghi s dng di tc dng ca ti trng
gi.
5. Tc ng ng t
Theo tiu chun TCXDVN 375:2006, c trng c bn ca tc ng ng t l gi tr nh gia tc nn
tham chiu ly trn nn gc loi A, chu k lp 500 nm (xc sut xy ra ng t l 10% trong 50 nm). Tuy
nhin, cc nh cao tng thng c h s tm quan trng khi tnh ton ng t
I
= 1.25, tng ng vi chu k
lp 1000 nm (xc sut xy ra ng t l 10% trong 100 nm). Theo Ph lc F ca tiu chun TCXDVN 375 :
2006 i vi cng trnh cao hn 60 tng phi thit k vi gia tc nn ln nht c th xy ra. Song, khng r chu
k lp ly nh th no: 1000, 2500, 10000 nm hay nhiu hn? Hip hi nh cao tng th gii CTBUH (2008)
kin ngh s dng chu k lp xp x 2500 nm khi thit k khng chn. Tiu chun ASCE 7-05 quy nh gia tc
cc i xem xt ng vi chu k lp 2500 nm. Gi tr gia tc nn ng vi chu k lp 2500 nm s phi tham
kho kt qu nghin cu ca Vin Vt l a cu. Song, theo tiu chun TCXDVN 375 : 2006 (hay Eurocode 8),
iu 2.1 (4), gi tr ny c th xc nh nh sau da vo gi tr gia tc nn ng vi chu k lp 500 nm. Thc
cht, y l h s tm quan trng
I
ca cng trnh:

I
~ (T
LR
/T
L
)
-1/k
= (500/2500)
(-1/3)
= 1.71 (8)
hay a
g (2500 year)
= 1.71 * a
gR
(9)
V d: cng trnh siu cao tng xy dng T Lim, H Ni vi a
gR
= 0.1081g (trong g l gia tc trng
trng ly bng 9.87 m/s
2
) th a
g (2500 year)
= 1.71 * 0.1081g = 0.185g. Gi tr a
g
= 0.185g nm gia cp VII (0.1g)
v cp VIII (0.2g) theo thang MSK-64.
Trong khi cha c s liu ng t cung cp bi Vin Vt l a cu, c th ly h s tm quan trng
I
=
1.71 khi thit k theo TCXDVN 375:2006 i vi nh cao t 60 tng tr ln.
Khi tnh ton theo TCXDVN 375 : 2006, lu chuyn sang ph chuyn v tnh ton v chu k dao ng
ring c bn ca cc nh siu cao tng thng ln hn 4s. Ngoi ra, cn phi c nghin cu k v h s ng
x q i vi cc nh siu cao tng khi tnh vi chu k lp 2500 nm hay nh c cc tng cng out-riggers.
Kin ngh nn s dng tiu chun UBC:1997 hay ASCE 7-05 tnh ton ng t i vi nh siu cao tng
v cc tiu chun ny c ph phn ng gia tc tng ng vi chu k c bn T
1
= 10s (tng ng vi chu k
dao ng ring c bn ca nh 100 tng b tng ct thp). Hn na, M c rt nhiu kinh nghim xy dng nh
siu cao tng hn l chu u c bit cc khu vc b nh hng bi ng t. Khi thit k theo UBC:1997, h
s vng Z c th ly bng a
gR
/g. Cn khi thit k theo ASCE 7-05, cn c s chuyn i cng phu hn (cc tc
gi hy vng s c trnh by ring mt bi bo hay bo co khc).
Trong cc nh cao tng a chc nng hin nay, do yu cu kin trc cc tng thp cn c cc khng gian
rng. Mt s trng hp phi b tr sn chuyn hay dm chuyn. Cc kt cu ny thng vt khu ln,
chu mt trng lng rt ln truyn t cc tng pha trn qua cc ct hay vch chu lc. V vy, tc ng ng
t theo phng thng ng phi c xt n. Khi y cn phi xc nh tr s nh gia tc nn theo phng
thng ng a
gv
, theo TCXDVN 375:2006 th a
gv
= 0.9a
g
. Tuy nhin, do thnh ph H Ch Minh v H Ni l cc
th c th khng gn vi chn tm ng t, cn c thm tr s cng chn ng sng b mt M
s
, v
tham kho thm cc tiu chun khc nh EN 1998-1:2004 (Eurocode 8 khuyn ngh 2 gi tr: a
gv
= 0.9a
g
vi M
s

> 5.5 Richter v a
gv
= 0.45a
g
vi M
s
s 5.5), UBC 1997... hay tham vn cc c quan chuyn mn nh Vin
Vt l a cu c c cc gi tr hp l p dng trong tnh ton.
6. Kt lun
Bi bo ny tng kt cc ni dung lin quan n ti trng v tc ng khi thit k nh cao tng nc
ta. Cc yu cu chung v ti trng v tc ng c cp. Trong c hot ti gara nn ly gim xung
350 daN/m
2
nh tiu chun SNiP (2011), ti trng i vi bi p trc thng ly theo nhim v thit k hoc
theo UBC:1997 hay Eurocode 1. Khi tnh ton ti trng gi theo TCVN 2737:1995, i vi nh cao hn 20 tng,
h s tin cy 1.2 phi nhn thm vi h s tm quan trng 1.15 (hay h s tin cy = 1.37) do cc nh
ny thng c tui th 100 nm khng phi l 50 nm. Vn h s chuyn i chu k lp i vi ti trng gi
ng vi gi 3s v gi 10 pht cng c cp. y l cc im cn ch khi xot xt tiu chun 2737:1995
mi. Mt s kin ngh khi tnh ton ng t i vi nh cao hn 60 tng hoc c chu k dao ng ring c bn
ln hn 4s cng c xem xt, trong c h s tm quan trng, chu k lp tnh ton ng t, ph phn ng
chuyn v hay tiu chun UBC:1997 vi ng cong ph phn ng gia tc ng vi chu k dao ng ring ln
hn 4s (ti 10s). Tt c cc tng kt v kin ngh ny u c phn tch, nh gi c tham chiu mt s
tiu chun nc ngoi sao cho vic thit k kt cu cao tng, an ton v kinh t.
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. ASCE/SEI 7-05 Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures, published by American Society of Civil
Engineers, Virginia, USA, 338 p, 2006.
2. BS 6399 : 1996 Loading for buildings: Part 1. Code of practice for dead and imposed loads, British Standard institution,
September, UK, 11 p.
3. BS 6399 : 1997 Loading for buildings: Part 2. Code of practice for wind loads, British Standard institution, July, UK, 92 p.
4. BS EN 1991-1: 2002 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures, British Standard institution, July, UK.
5. BS EN 1998-1: 2004 Design of structures for earthquake resistance, British Standard institution, April, UK, 2005, 229 p.
6. CTBUH Recommendations for the seismic design of high-rise buildings, Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
(CTBUH) Publication, New York, USA, 2008.
7. QCVN 02 : 2009/BXD Quy chun k thut Quc gia S liu iu kin t nhin dng trong xy dng, Nh xut bn Xy
dng, H Ni.
8. SNiP 2.01.07-85* Nagruzki i vyzdeistvies (Ti trng v tc ng), Ministerstvo regionalnogo razvitija Rossijskoi
Federasii (B pht trin vng Lin bang Nga), Izdanie oficialnoe (xut bn chnh thc), Moscow, Lin bang Nga. 96 p,
2011.
9. TARANATH, B. S. Reinforced concrete design of tall buildings, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, New Your, USA,
923 p, 2010.
10. TCXDVN 375:2006 Thit k kt cu chu ng t, Nh xut bn Xy dng, H Ni, 296 trang.
11. TCVN 2737:1990 Ti trng v tc ng - Tiu chun thit k, Nh xut bn Xy dng, H Ni.
12. TCVN 2737:1995 Ti trng v tc ng - Tiu chun thit k, Nh xut bn Xy dng, H Ni.
13. UBC:1997 Uniform Building Code, Vol. 2. International Conference of Building Officials, Whittier, CA, USA.