Nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometer-sized particles, called nanoparticles.

These fluids are [1] engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid. The nanoparticles used in nanofluids are typically made of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon nanotubes. Common base fluids include water , ethylene glycol[2] and oil. Nanofluids have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many applications in heat transfer, including microelectronics, fuel cells, pharmaceutical processes, and hybrid-powered engines,[3]Engine cooling/vehicle thermal management,domestic refrigerator,chiller,heat exchanger,and nuclear reactor.,in grinding,in machining,in Space, defense and ships,and in Boiler flue gas temperature reduction .They exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and the convective heat transfer coefficient compared to the base [4] fluid. In analysis such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD), nanofluids can be assumed to be single phase fluids. Classical theory of single phase fluids can be applied, where physical properties of nanofluid is taken as a function of properties of both constituents and their concentrations.[5] nanofluids are supplied by two methods: 1.one-step method 2.two-step method [edit]Smart

Intelligent Cooling Nanofluids

Realizing the modest thermal conductivity enhancement in conventional nanouids, a team of researchers at Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Centre, Kalakkam have developed a new class of magnetically polarizable nanofluids where the thermal conductivity enhancement up to 300% of baseuids is demonstrated. Fatty-acid-capped magnetite nanoparticles of di erent sizes (3-10 nm) have been synthesized. It has been shown that both the thermal and rheological properties of such magnetic nanouids are tunable by varying the magnetic eld strength and orientation with respect to the direction of heat ow. Further, it has been shown that such response stimuli uids are reversibly switchable and have applications in miniature devices such as micro- and nano-electromechanical system.[6] ,[7] (http://www.nature.com/nnano/reshigh/2008/0208/full/nnano.2008.38.html; http://nanotechwe b.org/cws/article/tech/33659