2009 A Level Chemistry 9647 H2 Paper 2 2009 Nov H2 Chemistry Paper 2 1(a) Energy evolved when 1 mole of ionic

compound is formed from its constituent gaseous ions. Mg2+(g) + O2-(g) MgO(s) 1(b) (i) Halide ClBrIIonic radius/ nm 0.181 0.195 0.216

Ionic radius of halide increases from Cl- to ISince L.E.

q+ q ( r+ + r )

where q+ = charge of cation; q- = charge of anion; r+ = ionic radius of

cation ; r- = ionic radius of anion

Lattice energy decreases as anionic radius increases. 1(b)(ii) Ion Ionic radius/ nm + Na 0.095 Mg2+ 0.065 Ionic radius of Mg2+ is smaller than Na+. Charges on Mg2+ and O2- are higher than charges on Na+ and halide. Hence, lattice energy of MgO is larger than sodium halides. 1(c) I- is large and can be polarized. There is some covalent character in the ionic bond of AgI. 1(d)(i) Coordination number is the number of neighbouring ions around another ion of opposite charge. . 1(d)(ii) Cs+ is much larger in size than Na+ and K+. More Cl- ions can be packed around this larger ion.

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2009 A Level Chemistry 9647 H2 Paper 2 2)(a) Copper and Zinc 2(b) Cu is the residue. Cu + 2H+ Cu2+ + H2 Ecell= -0.34 V (not feasible as Ecell < 0 ) 2(c)(i) oxidizing agent Zn Zn2+ + 2e SO42- + 4H+ + 2e SO2 + 2H2O Zn + H2SO4 + 2H+ Zn2+ + SO2 + 2H2O (d)(i) Al(OH)3 (ii) Al3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq) Al(OH)3(s) Al(OH)3(s) + OH-(aq) Al(OH)4-(aq) (e) Electronic configuration of Zn is [Ar]3d104s2 It has two electrons in the outermost shell. (f)(i) Zn(NO3)2 ZnO(s) + 2NO2(g) + 1/2O2(g) (ii) Ionic radius of Mg2+ is 0.065 nm Zn2+ has a larger ionic radius and it will polarize the nitrate ion less. Therefore, it decomposes at a higher temperature. (g) Zn2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) Zn(OH)2(s) Zn(OH)2(s) + 4NH3(aq) [Zn(NH3)4]2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) 3(a) Benzoic acid and ethanoic acid (b) [ H + ]2 = 1.3 x 10-10 moldm-3 [ phenol ] [H+]= 3.605 x 10-5 moldm-3 pH = -log(3.605 x 10-5) = 5.44 Ka = (c) Methanol is a weaker acid than phenol because the polarity of the O-H bond in methanol is lower due to the electron donating effect of alkyl groups. The alkoxide anion formed when an alcohol loses a proton is destabilized by the electron-donating alkyl groups In phenol, the greater acidity of phenol is due to the polarity of the O-H bond and the stabilization of the phenoxide/phenate ion. The OH group is electron-releasing. The H on the OH group becomes even more partially positive.

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2009 A Level Chemistry 9647 H2 Paper 2 (d) Reddish brown of bromine is decolourised. A white ppt is formed.
OH Br Br

Br

(e)(i) Methyl benzoate may be formed by heating benzoic acid and methanol in the presence of a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid under reflux. (ii) Phenyl ethanoate may be formed first by heating ethanoic acid with PCl5 to produce ethanoyl chloride. And then reacting the ethanoyl chloride with phenol in the presence of a small amount of concentrated sulfuric acid under reflux. 4) (a)(i) A, C and D (aldehyde not present) (ii) A and D (carbonyl not present) (iii) A and D (alkene present) (iv) A and D (alcohol, phenol or/ and carboxylic acid present) (v) D (phenol or/ and carboxylic acid present) (b)(i) Reaction (a)(v) (with NaOH)
O -Na+

(ii)
CH=CHCOO- Na +

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2009 A Level Chemistry 9647 H2 Paper 2

COO-

(c)

COO-

[(COO-) for both COOH groups as it is alkaline condition]

COO- Na + OH

(d) A produces 5)(a)(i)

CH=CHOH

D produces

CH=CHCOO- Na +

Element C % 70.6 Moles 70.6/12.0 Ratio 4 Empirical formula of E is C4H4O

H 5.9 5.9/1.0 4

O 23.5 23.5/16.0 1

(ii) PV = nRT = (mass/Mr)RT 0.344 8.31 (21 + 273) Mr = = 137.0 101.7 103 60.4 106 Empirical mass = 12.0(4) + 4.0 + 16.0 = 68.0 68n = 137.0 n=2 Molecular formula of E = C8H8O2

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2009 A Level Chemistry 9647 H2 Paper 2

O C O C H O C C H

H H

H H

(b)(i) and (Displayed formula show all bonds)

O-Na+

O
+Na- OC

H H

(ii) E1 produces
O CO-Na+ HO

C H

H H

E2 produces

(c) CO2 forms carbonic acid in water. Carbonic acid is stronger than phenol but weaker than carboxylic acid. It will displace phenol from its salt but not carboxylic acid.

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2009 A Level Chemistry 9647 H2 Paper 2

OH

From E1:

From E2: no reaction

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